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Journal articles on the topic 'Majority system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Boland, Philip J. "Signatures of indirect majority systems." Journal of Applied Probability 38, no. 02 (June 2001): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200020064.

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If τ is the lifetime of a coherent system, then the signature of the system is the vector of probabilities that the lifetime coincides with the ith order statistic of the component lifetimes. The signature can be useful in comparing different systems. In this treatment we give a characterization of the signature of a system with independent identically distributed components in terms of the number of path sets in the system as well as in terms of the number of what we call ordered cut sets. We consider, in particular, the signatures of indirect majority systems and compare them with the signatures of simple majority systems of the same size. We note that the signature of an indirect majority system of size r × s = n is symmetric around , and use this to show that the expected lifetime of an r × s = n indirect majority system exceeds that of a simple (direct) majority system of size n when the components are exponentially distributed with the same parameter.

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2

Boland, Philip J. "Signatures of indirect majority systems." Journal of Applied Probability 38, no. 2 (June 2001): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/996986765.

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If τ is the lifetime of a coherent system, then the signature of the system is the vector of probabilities that the lifetime coincides with the ith order statistic of the component lifetimes. The signature can be useful in comparing different systems. In this treatment we give a characterization of the signature of a system with independent identically distributed components in terms of the number of path sets in the system as well as in terms of the number of what we call ordered cut sets. We consider, in particular, the signatures of indirect majority systems and compare them with the signatures of simple majority systems of the same size. We note that the signature of an indirect majority system of size r × s = n is symmetric around , and use this to show that the expected lifetime of an r × s = n indirect majority system exceeds that of a simple (direct) majority system of size n when the components are exponentially distributed with the same parameter.

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3

Gappa, Judith M. "Today's Majority: Faculty Outside the Tenure System." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 40, no. 4 (July 2008): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/chng.40.4.50-54.

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4

Yang, Jincui, Lirong Qiu, and Yu Zhang. "Improved Majority Voting Algorithm in Redundancy System." International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijhit.2015.8.4.15.

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5

Alemán, David Mena. "“Rendering the Majority Unable”." World Affairs 179, no. 3 (December 2016): 24–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820017690049.

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The Founding Fathers conceived formal counter-majoritarian restrictions aimed specifically to “render the majority unable”: to prevent the majority from trampling on minorities in the U.S. democratic system. This article contends that several such formal restrictions actually fail to protect contemporary minorities as the founders imagined they would. Indeed, counter-majority restrictions embedded in the Electoral College, the Senate, and the judicial review may actually prohibit such protection. Using a comparative politics approach, this article builds on theoretical arguments and data that evaluate democratic functionality and fairness based on level of social equality provisions as well as optimality of voter participation. I find that certain counter-majoritarian procedures are empirically linked to higher inequality levels across twenty-one advanced democracies. This political suboptimality is reflected in a significant correlation between higher Gini coefficients and majoritarian systems (with the United States in first place) in the sample and also between lower scores and consensus democracies. I argue that comparative analysis shows that some criticisms hitherto only leveled at the United States are present in an entire family of systems—the majoritarian ones—which begs significant critical questioning of the impact of institutional design on the effectiveness of social policies and inclusive democratic procedures.

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Park, Geon-Yeong, Min-Ho Jeon, and Chang-Heon Oh. "Location Estimation System based on Majority Sampling Data." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 18, no. 10 (October 31, 2014): 2523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.10.2523.

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Chatterjee, Patralekha. "The health system in India: the underserved majority." Lancet 390, no. 10111 (December 2017): 2426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32860-x.

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8

Pajvančić, Marijana. "Relative majority and its paradoxes." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 68, no. 9 (1996): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9605155p.

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A common method of filling a single place is for electors to vote by expressing a simple preference for a single candidate. The candidate who has more votes than any other candidate, a relative majority over each other candidate, is elected. A candidate elected without an apsolute majority will have more votes against him than for him. In the system of relative majority the electors may vote tactically. The votes for the candidates no longer reflect their true support. In filling a single place, the system of relative majority may leave up to half of the voters unrepresented.

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9

Bigelli, Marco, and Stefano Mengoli. "Sub-Optimal Acquisition Decisions under a Majority Shareholder System." Journal of Management and Governance 8, no. 4 (2004): 373–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10997-004-4896-2.

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10

Shelley, Fred M. "Voting power in a system of compound majority rule." Mathematical Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 1985): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(85)90062-9.

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11

Emerson, Peter. "Majority, Grand or All-Party Coalitions?" International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 23 (March 2014): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.23.90.

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By what principle does one majority have the right to rule, and another not? Secondly, while elections are generally transparent, why should forming a government be secretive? Is it because people believe, not only in majority rule, which may be fine, but also in (simple or weighted) majority voting, which is not so good? There are, after all, other more accurate voting systems by which can be identified the will of the majority; some of these latter methodologies are non-majoritarian. Now, if decision-making were to be based on a non-majoritarian voting procedure, the right to majority rule might be brought into question; indeed, majoritarianism might become obsolescent. Other forms of governance should therefore also be examined. Accordingly, this paper considers first, some of the deficiencies of a majoritarian polity; next, a more inclusive form of decision-making; then, majoritarian and non-majoritarian types of governance; and lastly, a voting system by which a parliament may elect a national government.

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12

Pastarmadzhieva, D. "MAJORITY/PLURALITY SYSTEMS: THE CHOICE OF LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?" Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.019.

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The electoral system of a country is related to the political, economic and social areas of life. Their functioning directly or indirectly depends on it and the different types and subtypes of electoral systems produce different effects. The purpose of the current study is to identify if there is a relation between the statute of the least developed countries and their electoral system. The object of the study are countries, defined as least developed in 2018 by the United Nations. The focus is the type of electoral system for the legislative body (or its lower chamber in case of bicameralism) of these countries, their regime type, overall score and the score for electoral process and pluralism according to EIU Democracy Index 2018. For the purposes of the analysis statistical methods (frequencies, hypothesis test and chi-square test) and comparative approach are used. The results show that there is statistically significant relationship between the statute of least developed countries and their electoral system on one hand and their regime type on other. There is also a statistically significant difference in the scores of least developed countries compared to all others regarding the evaluation of democracy and the electoral process and pluralism.

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13

D’Alimonte, Roberto. "The new Italian electoral system: majority-assuring but minority-friendly." Contemporary Italian Politics 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2015.1093280.

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14

KUNI, Yoshiko. "The Majority Representation System under the Hollande’s Administration of France." Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association 66, no. 2 (2015): 2_35–2_58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.66.2_35.

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15

Ertimur, Yonca, Fabrizio Ferri, and David Oesch. "Does the director election system matter? Evidence from majority voting." Review of Accounting Studies 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-014-9284-9.

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16

Choudhary, Jaytrilok, Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Danny Varghese, Dhirendra Singh, and Douglas Maskell. "Generalized Majority Voter Design Method for N-Modular Redundant Systems Used in Mission- and Safety-Critical Applications." Computers 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers8010010.

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Mission- and safety-critical circuits and systems employ redundancy in their designs to overcome any faults or failures of constituent circuits and systems during the normal operation. In this aspect, the N-modular redundancy (NMR) is widely used. An NMR system is comprised of N identical systems, the corresponding outputs of which are majority voted to generate the system outputs. To perform majority voting, a majority voter is required, and the sizes of majority voters tend to vary depending on an NMR system. Majority voters corresponding to NMR systems are physically realized by enumerating the majority input clauses corresponding to an NMR system and then synthesizing the majority logic equation. The issue is that the number of majority input clauses corresponding to an NMR system is governed by a mathematical combination, the complexity of which increases substantially with increases in the level of redundancy. In this context, the design of a majority voter of any size corresponding to an NMR specification based on a new, generalized design approach is described. The proposed approach is inherently hierarchical and progressive since any NMR majority voter can be constructed from an (N − 2)MR majority voter along with additional logic corresponding to the two extra inputs. Further, the proposed approach paves the way for simultaneous production of the NMR system outputs corresponding to different degrees of redundancy, which is not intrinsic to the existing methods. This feature is additionally useful for any sharing of common logic with diverse degrees of redundancy in appropriate portions of an NMR implementation.

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17

Ayelazuno (Abembia), Jasper. "Ghanaian Elections and Conflict Management: Interrogating the Absolute Majority Electoral System." Journal of African elections 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2011/v10i2a3.

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18

Liu, Xiaopeng, Yan Han, and Bin Zhang. "An SET hardened dual-modular majority voter circuit for TMR system." IEICE Electronics Express 11, no. 4 (2014): 20131029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.11.20131029.

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19

Nguyen, Nga Thi Huyen, Thien Huy Cao, and Khanh Quoc Nguyen. "THE MAJORITY -SPIN CARRIER EFFECTIVE MASS RENORMALIZATION OF THE Q2D SYSTEM." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 12 (June 28, 2009): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i12.2321.

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The majority-spin carrier effective mass renormalization of the Q2D system is studied within the leading-order dynamical screening approximation. Our treatment takes the image charge effect as well as the effect of layer thickness into account. The numerical results show that the majority-spin carrier effective mass renormalization is considerably influenced by the the effects of image charge and layer thickness.

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20

Arsal, A., A. Lawi, and A. K. Amir. "Construction of (h,k)-Coterie Quorum System Based on Majority Coterie." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1341 (October 2019): 042019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1341/4/042019.

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21

Suyama, Koichi. "A new type of reliable control system using decision by majority." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 81, no. 2 (February 1998): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6432(199802)81:2<46::aid-ecjb6>3.0.co;2-5.

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22

Lainio, Jarmo. "Protection and Rejection of Minority Majority Languages in the Swedish System." Current Issues In Language and Society 7, no. 1 (September 2000): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13520520009615568.

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23

MUSTAFA‎, Wafaa Ahmed. "THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE MAJORITY STATE (184296AH/800909AD) HISTORICAL STUDY ‎." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 08 (November 1, 2021): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.8-3.28.

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Since the end of the second century AH-AD eighth century AD the ‎Islamic Maghreb witnessed the establishment of in dependent states in ‎all its parts in the lower Morocco the Aghlabid state was established and ‎the sons of Aghlabid were from an ancient Family that ruled Africa ‎throughout the third AH-ninth century AD founded by Ibrahim bin AI-‎Aghlab bin Salem AI- Tamimi who was confirmed by the year 184AH-‎‎800AD the pages of this research have been included within the ‎framework of the study of Islamic systems as they are among the most ‎important systems that contributed to building Islamic civilization as well ‎as providing security and achieving just and equality between the states ‎and peoples of the Islamic Maghreb so that the Islamic state knew its ‎security by the strength of its judicial is considered one of the most ‎prominent purpose of Islamic Sharia and the first goal that the rulers of ‎states seek to implement and to know the most prominent various ‎organization as well as the role of judges and the approach they ‎followed in applying the provisions of this system and what are its ‎legitimacy and conditions for its assumption the research is divided into ‎three main axes the first included the definition of the judiciary ‎linguistically and idiomatically and the emergence and development of ‎the judiciary in the majority state AS for the second axis it referred to the ‎appointment and dismissal of judges as well as their assistants while the ‎third axis talked about the institution of the majority judiciary which ‎included grievances the calculation and the police and the research came ‎out with a sent of important conclusions‎‎‎. Keywords: The Judiciary, The Aghlabids, The Lower Morocco‎.

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24

Pink, Michal. "Possible Outcomes of Introducing a Majority System for Elections to the Czech Parliament’s Chamber of Deputies." Středoevropské politické studie Central European Political Studies Review 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cepsr.2017.2.135.

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This paper explores the possibility of introducing a majority electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies in the Czech Republic, and discusses the virtues and drawbacks of such a system. It recalculates the electoral results from two previous elections using majority electoral systems (first-past-the-post and two round majority system) to examine how such a change could influence the formation of governmental majorities in the chamber and what the possible consequences for the quality of democracy in the Czech Republic could be. The results show that majority system would likely radically simplify the formation of governments with clear majorities, and hinder emerging populist parties as well as weaken the communist party. On the other hand, the adoption of a majority system would substantially lower barriers to enter the chamber, which could lead to the disintegration of the party system and its increased fragmentation. Combined with the common practice of Czech politicians to hold various mandates at different levels of the political system at the same time, this could be a significant risk factor.

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25

De Marco, Gianluca, and Evangelos Kranakis. "Searching for majority with k-tuple queries." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 07, no. 02 (May 25, 2015): 1550009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830915500093.

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Diagnosing the quality of components in fault-tolerant computer systems often requires numerous tests with limited resources. It is usually the case that repeated tests on a selected, limited number of components are performed and the results are taken into account so as to infer a diagnostic property of the computer system as a whole. In this paper we abstract fault-tolerant testing as the following problem concerning the color of the majority in a set of colored balls. Given a set of balls each colored with one of two colors, the majority problem is to determine whether or not there is a majority in one of the two colors. In case there is such a majority, the aim is to output a ball of the majority color, otherwise to declare that there is no majority. We propose algorithms for solving the majority problem by repeatedly testing only k-tuple queries. Namely, successive answers of an oracle (which accepts as input only k-tuples) to a sequence of k-tuple queries are assembled so as to determine whether or not the majority problem has a solution. An issue is to design an algorithm which minimizes the number of k-tuple queries needed in order to solve the majority problem on any possible input of n balls. In this paper we consider three querying models: Output, Counting, and General, reflecting the amount and type of information provided by the oracle on each test for a k-tuple.

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26

Vukovic, Vladimir, Grozdan Petrovic, and Ljiljana Trajkovic. "Packet Error Probability in a Three-Branch Diversity System with Majority Combining." IEEE Communications Letters 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2010.12.101031.

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27

Sartori, Paolo, and Ido Shahar. "Legal Pluralism in Muslim-Majority Colonies: Mapping the Terrain." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 55, no. 4-5 (2012): 637–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341274.

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Abstract This essay aims to provide some analytical foundations for the study of legal pluralism in Muslim-majority colonies. Specifically, we contend that the incorporation of Islamic law into the colonial legal systems should be distinguished from the process of integration and codification of oral customs. As Islamic law constitutes a well-established legal system, based on written traditions and on elaborate institutions of learning and adjudication, its incorporation into the colonial legal system carried with it a number of implications. These are discussed, as are the tripartite relations that often emerge in Muslim-majority colonies between statutory laws, Islamic, and customary laws (ʿādat, ʿurf). The final section of the essay aims to present the articles included in this special issue and to place them within this broad context. Le présent article vise à établir des fondements théoriques à l’étude du pluralisme juridique dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Il insiste en particulier sur la nécessité qu’il y a à distinguer l’incorporation de la loi islamique aux systèmes juridiques coloniaux, du processus d’intégration et de codification du droit coutumier non écrit. La loi islamique constitue un système bien établi, fondé sur des traditions écrites et pourvu d’institutions de formation et d’exercice complexes. Son incorporation au sein du système juridique colonial a entraîné un certain nombre de conséquences spécifiques, qui sont analysées ici. Une attention particulière est en outre accordée aux relations triangulaires qui se font jour entre loi statutaire, loi islamique et droit coutumier (ʿādat, ʿurf) dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à la présentation des articles réunis dans le numéro spécial dédié à ces enjeux.

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28

TIJMES-LHL, JAIME. "Consensus and majority voting in the WTO." World Trade Review 8, no. 3 (July 2009): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745609004388.

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AbstractThis article's subject is the implications that consensus/unanimity and majority voting might have for the World Trade Organization's (WTO) decision-making system. First it looks at some consequences that replacing the consensus rule with majority voting might have for the WTO, including justice concerns, legitimacy, homogeneity of WTO membership, and international enforcement. Second, it summarizes some solutions found in the European Union (EU) for coping with unanimity and majority rule, including constructive abstention, reallocation of contractual responsibilities, and the Luxembourg compromise. Finally, it considers some reform options for the WTO and offers some conclusions, namely expanding majority voting on certain areas only, redefining competences, multi-speed proposals (rethinking the single undertaking, constructive abstention, and the scheduling approach), redefining consensus, combining consensus and majority voting, and issuing interpretations.

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29

LIMA, F. W. S. "MAJORITY-VOTE ON DIRECTED BARABÁSI–ALBERT NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 09 (September 2006): 1257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106008972.

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On directed Barabási–Albert networks with two and seven neighbours selected by each added site, the Ising model was seen not to show a spontaneous magnetisation. Instead, the decay time for flipping of the magnetisation followed an Arrhenius law for Metropolis and Glauber algorithms, but for Wolff cluster flipping the magnetisation decayed exponentially with time. On these networks the Majority-vote model with noise is now studied through Monte Carlo simulations. However, in this model, the order-disorder phase transition of the order parameter is well defined in this system. We calculate the value of the critical noise parameter qc for several values of connectivity z of the directed Barabási–Albert network. The critical exponentes β/ν, γ/ν and 1/ν were calculated for several values of z.

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30

Lebeda, Tomáš. "The Impact of the Majority Runoff System on Party Representation in the Czech Senate." Czech Sociological Review 47, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2011.47.2.02.

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31

OHASHI, Nozomu, Yuki FUNABORA, Shinji DOKI, and Kae DOKI. "Majority Rule Based Sensor Fusion System with Correlation Evaluation for Mobile Robot Localization." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 55, no. 7 (2019): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.55.439.

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32

Elnakib, Ahmed, Hossam El-Din Moustafa, and N. Elmenabawy. "Automated Deep System for Joint Liver and Tumor Segmentation Using Majority Voting (Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 45, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.126014.

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33

Ogiso, Takaya, Koichiro Yamauchi, Norio Ishii, and Yuri Suzuki. "Co-learning system for humans and machines using a weighted majority-based method." International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/his-160225.

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34

M. Doña, Jesús, Antonio M. Gil, David L. La Red, and José I. Peláez. "A system based on the concept of linguistic majority for the companies valuation." econoquantum 8, no. 1-2 (November 15, 2011): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v8i12.132.

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35

Rachmat, Antonius, and Yuan Lukito. "Implementasi Sistem Crowdsourced Labelling Berbasis Web dengan Metode Weighted Majority Voting." Jurnal ULTIMA InfoSys 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/si.v6i2.223.

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Crowdsourced Labelling is a large scale data labelling process, solicits a large group of people to label the data, usually via Internet. This paper discusses about design and implementation of Web-based Crowdsourced Labelling. Supervised learning classification methods need labelled training data for its training phase. Unfortunately, in many cases, there aren’t any already available labelled training data. Large scale data labelling is a tedious and time consuming work. This research develops a web-based crowdsourced labelling which able to solicit a large group of people as data labeler to speed up the data labelling process. This system also allows multiple labeler for every data. The final label is calculated using Weighted Majority Voting method. We grabbed and used Facebook comments from the two candidates’ Facebook Page of 2014 Indonesian Presidential Election as testing data. Based on the testing conducted we can conclude that this system is able to handle all the labelling steps well and able to handle collision occurred when multiple labeler labelling a same data in the same time. The system successfully produces final label in CSV format, which can be processed further with many sentiment analysis tools or machine learning tools. Index Terms - Crowdsources labeling, web-based system, supervised learning, weighted majority voting.

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36

Besim, Seniha, and Cahit Adaoglu. "DIVIDEND PAYOUTS: MAJORITY CONTROL AND RENT EXTRACTION." Journal of Business Economics and Management 19, no. 4 (December 13, 2018): 648–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.6808.

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In Eurasia, Turkey has a “crony” capitalist system with majority control and business groups (BGs) in the hands of a few families. These business groups are often organised around a holding company. We analyse the dividend payouts of family controlled Borsa Istanbul companies, which are affiliated to holding and non-holding BGs. We investigate and quantify the effects of several control-enhancing mechanisms (CEMs) on dividend payouts. We use precise quantitative proxies for CEMs to measure the divergence between control and ownership rights. Supporting the rent extraction hypothesis, holding business group companies have lower dividend payouts as the divergence between control and ownership rights widens and the pyramid wedge increases. However, controlling foreign-family coalitions in holding business group companies curb the rent extraction problem by having a positive effect on the dividend payouts. Overall, for family controlled holding BG companies, the effects of company-specific financial control variables on dividend payouts are stronger than the effects of CEMs. For family controlled non-holding BG companies, there is no empirical support for either the rent extraction or the reputation building hypotheses. The company-specific financial control variables are the main determinants of dividend payouts for family controlled non-holding BG companies.

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37

Radey, Melissa, and Lisa Schelbe. "Gender Support Disparities in a Majority-Female Profession." Social Work Research 44, no. 2 (May 23, 2020): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swr/svaa004.

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Abstract Theory and empirical evidence establish gender disparities in work pay and promotion trajectories, particularly in majority-male workplaces. Workplace support’s role, particularly in majority-female workplaces, in facilitating gendered occupational trajectories is less clear. Authors used a statewide sample of child welfare workers (N = 1,501) to examine gender differences in support and analyzed qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants (n = 37) to explore the role of gender in support perceptions. Analyses indicated that men perceived more supervisory and organizational support, whereas gender was not related to coworker support. The qualitative analysis indicated that receiving support required initiative. Men took initiative because they felt entitled. Many women expressed reservations, often warranted from experience, about initiating support to avoid bothering others and to honor workplace hierarchy. Men’s initiative allowed them access to support, thus increasing propensity toward job success. This study indicates that gender differences in workplace support may contribute to producing a self-perpetuating system of structural inequality.

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38

Kim, Wooshik, Jangbom Chai, and Intaek Kim. "Development of a majority vote decision module for a self-diagnostic monitoring system for an air-operated valve system." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 47, no. 5 (August 2015): 624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2015.03.006.

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39

Giron, Sarah E., Martin F. Bjurstrom, Charles A. Griffis, F. Michael Ferrante, Irene I. Wu, Andrea L. Nicol, Tristan R. Grogan, Joseph F. Burkard, Michael R. Irwin, and Elizabeth Crabb Breen. "Increased Central Nervous System Interleukin-8 in a Majority Postlaminectomy Syndrome Chronic Pain Population." Pain Medicine 19, no. 5 (June 20, 2017): 1033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnx126.

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Abstract Background and Objectives Multiple processes have been identified as potential contributors to chronic pain, with increasing evidence illustrating an association with aberrant levels of neuroimmune mediators. The primary objectives of the present study were to examine central nervous system cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors present in a chronic pain population and to explore patterns of the same mediator molecules over time. Secondary objectives explored the relationship of central and peripheral neuroimmune mediators while examining the levels of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and perception of pain associated with the chronic pain patient experience. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients (N = 8) was compared with control CSF samples (N = 30) to assess for significant differences in 10 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The patient population was then followed over time, analyzing CSF, plasma, and psychobehavioral measures. Results The present observational study is the first to demonstrate increased mean CSF levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8; P < 0.001) in a small population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients, as compared with a control population. Over time in pain patients, CSF levels of IL-8 increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions These data indicate that IL-8 should be further investigated and psychobehavioral components considered in the overall chronic pain paradigm. Future studies examining the interactions between these factors and IL-8 may identify novel targets for treatment of persistent pain states.

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Kaniovski, Serguei, and Alexander Zaigraev. "The probability of majority inversion in a two-stage voting system with three states." Theory and Decision 84, no. 4 (March 17, 2018): 525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-018-9660-1.

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Sidhu, Parneeta, and M. P. S. Bhatia. "A two ensemble system to handle concept drifting data streams: recurring dynamic weighted majority." International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics 10, no. 3 (November 2, 2017): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13042-017-0738-9.

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Rafikov, Ildus. "Monetary Policy for the Real Economic Sector in Muslim Majority Countries: A Transitional Solution." Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 481–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/a154.

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The paper examines the issue of monetary policy from an Islamic perspective and offers a transitional solution given the existing circumstances in the contemporary Muslim economies, dominated by financial institutions, fiat currencies, and fractional reserve banking. Qualitative research with a “complex systems” perspective is used to determine the state of monetary policy in several Muslim majority countries, to study the issues and challenges, as well as to point out the most problematic areas that need urgent addressing. The paper will argue that central banks are the main institutions that have the power and responsibility to maintain the country’s economic stability and the value of a local currency, as well as to affect the inflation and unemployment rates. It will be argued that in the current circumstances central banks can act within the given system to (1) encourage financing of small and medium enterprises; (2) initiate the growth of small local financial institutions, such as cooperative and savings banks; and (3) allow “monetary democracy.” The paper is therefore divided into three main parts. After the introduction, the first section will provide a historic overview of ideas on monetary policy by several influential Muslim economists over the last forty years and will offer a critique of their views. The second section will deal with the issues of money and banking from a “complex systems” perspective and demonstrate common misconceptions that lead to improper understanding amongst the general public and the academic community. And before concluding, the paper will offer intermediate solutions within the current financial system. This section will argue that central banks can use the power of the banking system to create money to finance SMEs while curbing speculation and limiting the purchase of financial assets.

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Salerno, Stacy, and John R. Reynolds. "Latina/o Students in Majority White Schools." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216663002.

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Latina/o high school students face many challenges in school, and much current research on ethnicity and education likewise focuses on the downsides of being an ethnic minority in the U.S. educational system. Social scientists attribute the educational gaps associated with ethnic minority status to factors such as fewer family resources, discrimination, teacher-student mismatch, English learner status, and social isolation at school. This article shifts attention to the ways in which ethnic minority status can bolster educational attainment and highlights the significance of co-ethnic physical spaces or “enclaves” in majority white high schools. Data include 11 interviews with teachers and administrators at a public high school in the Southeast, supplemented with 100 hours of classroom participant observation and over 100 narratives written by students. Student perceptions are tapped through analysis of an open-ended essay writing exercise on what it means to be a Latina/o in the United States, completed by the Latina/o students enrolled in four Spanish language–only courses during three terms in 2013–2014. The observation, interview, and essay-based data indicate that Latino/a high school students benefit from school ethnic enclaves where they are free to draw on the support of co-ethnic peers and culturally flexible teachers. These themes emerge in the interviews with teachers and are supported by student comments in a writing exercise. School ethnic enclaves provide both academic and social support, help foster a positive ethnic self-image, and ultimately link ethnic minority status and heritage to success despite the significant—and more often studied—educational challenges faced by Latina/o high school students.

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Verkuyten, Maykel, Paul Hindriks, and Marcel Coenders. "Majority Members’ Feelings About Political Representation of Muslim Immigrants." Social Psychology 47, no. 5 (September 2016): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000279.

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Abstract. In three survey experimental studies among national samples of the native Dutch, we examined feelings towards Muslim immigrants’ political party representation. The strategy of disengagement (reject political representation) was evaluated most positively, followed by the descriptive representation strategy (participate as Muslims in existing political party). The group representation strategy (participate in the existing political system with a Muslim party) was evaluated most negatively. Furthermore, participants who perceived higher group-based power threat had more negative feelings towards political representation of Muslim immigrants, but less so towards disengaged immigrants. In addition, negative feelings were stronger towards Muslim versus Christian immigrants and this difference was somewhat more pronounced for the group representation and descriptive representation strategy compared to political disengagement.

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Brenda, R. S. C., and F. W. S. Lima. "Majority-vote model on directed Small-World-Voronoi–Delaunay random lattices." International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, no. 07 (July 2018): 1850061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118500614.

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We investigate the critical properties of the nonequilibrium majority-vote model in two-dimensions on directed small-world lattice with quenched connectivity disorder. The disordered system is studied through Monte Carlo simulations: the critical noise ([Formula: see text]), as well as the critical exponents [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for several values of the rewiring probability [Formula: see text]. We find that this disordered system does not belong to the same universality class as the regular two-dimensional ferromagnetic model. The majority-vote model on directed small-world lattices presents in fact a second-order phase transition with new critical exponents which do not depend on [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), but agree with the exponents of the equilibrium Ising model on directed small-world Voronoi–Delaunay random lattices.

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UCHIDA, MAKOTO, and SUSUMU SHIRAYAMA. "EIGENMODE OF THE DECISION-BY-MAJORITY PROCESS IN COMPLEX NETWORKS." Advances in Complex Systems 11, no. 04 (August 2008): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525908001775.

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The nature of the dynamics of opinion formation or zero-temperature Ising models modeled as a decision-by-majority process in complex networks is investigated using eigenmode analysis. The Hamiltonian of the system is defined and estimated by eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix constructed from several network models. The rule of the process is assumed to be equivalent to the minimization of the Hamiltonian. The initial and final states of the dynamics are decomposed on the basis of the eigenvectors. The process and the eigenmodes are analyzed by numerical studies. We show that the magnitude of the coefficient for the largest eigenvector at the initial states is the key determinant for the resulting dynamics. We thus prove that the final state of the dynamics can be estimated by the eigenmodes of the initial state.

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Ye, William. "The Democratic Federalist System." Federalism-E 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v21i2.13990.

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This paper will explore the dimensions of federalism and democracy, in which it will become apparent, that the two are intertwined. As will be explored, federalism enhances the principles of democracy by creating accountable governments, increasing political participation, and protects against the tyranny of the majority. Federalism enhances democracy and thus, goes hand in hand.

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Stockemer, Daniel, and Susan Khazaeli. "Electoral turnout in Muslim-majority states: A macro-level panel analysis." Politics and Religion 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2013): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175504831300028x.

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AbstractHigh voter turnout gives legitimacy to the political system and strengthens the stability of a country. Since voter turnout matters, it is important to determine which factors boost electoral participation. While there is a vast literature on turnout focusing on institutional, socio-economic, and contextual indicators, there appears to be a shortage of scholarship on the relationship between religion and turnout. In our study, we evaluate the impact of the Islamic religion on electoral participation. Drawing on a large dataset that incorporates all legislative elections worldwide from 1970 to 2010 and controlling for compulsory voting, the electoral system type, the decisiveness of the election, the competitiveness of the election, the size of the country, the regime type and development, we find that Muslim-majority countries have lower turnout rates than majority non-Muslim countries. We also find electoral participation to be lower in countries where Islamic tenets are more strongly entrenched in politics.

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Lasram, Hejer, and Didier Laussel. "The determination of public tuition fees in a mixed education system: A majority voting model." Journal of Public Economic Theory 21, no. 6 (August 3, 2018): 1056–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12317.

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Ginew, Vladimir Nikolaevich. "Majority or proportional voting system? Debates concerning the first elections to volost zemstvo in Russia." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 3 (2016): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x-2016-00048.

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