Relevant bibliographies by topics / Making fire

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Making fire'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Making fire"

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Ritchie, Genevieve B. "Making Revolutionary Fire." Historical Materialism 25, no. 4 (February 14, 2017): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341546.

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Abstract The edited collection Marxism and Feminism traces both the conceptual divides and political affinities between feminism and Marxism. Utilising a keywords-, or core-concepts approach, the book fleshes out the tensions and contradictions that organise and orient Marxist and feminist theories and practices of social transformation. The concepts discussed in Marxism and Feminism do not try to bridge divergent theories of exploitation or oppression; rather the tensions between feminism and Marxism are used to generate new terrains of investigation. Although the topics discussed vary widely, the book is held together by a commitment to dialectical-materialist investigation and revolutionary social transformation.
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Torigoe, Chihiro, and Toshio Shudo. "Research on making fire with fire piston." Proceedings of the Tecnology and Society Conference 2016 (2016): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2016.112.

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Williams, Kathryn R. "Fire Making, Part I." Journal of Chemical Education 79, no. 4 (April 2002): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p408.

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Williams, Kathryn R. "Fire Making, Part 2." Journal of Chemical Education 79, no. 5 (May 2002): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p540.

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Watts, John M. "Fire safety decision making." Fire Technology 31, no. 2 (May 1995): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01040707.

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Petrovic, N., and J. M. Carlson. "A decision-making framework for wildfire suppression." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 8 (2012): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11140.

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This paper addresses two fundamental issues that arise broadly in human response to natural hazards: the effect on overall costs of the high variability (power laws) in event size statistics and complexities associated with combining disparate sources of information in decision-making. To address these issues in a series of concrete scenarios, we analyse data for California wildfires. We also develop a modelling framework that projects costs based on the combination of a dynamic fire spread model, an economic cost model and population data. Our study uses model-generated fire catalogues to estimate the effect of suppression strategies on fire size, and our cost function incorporates both suppression costs and loss of assets. Together, these yield statistical estimates of the average economic impact of fire response policies. Tradeoffs between resource costs and assets at risk determine the optimal response for an individual fire. We also compare the costs of different policies for division of limited resources between multiple fires using scenarios motivated by the 2003 and 2007 California wildfire seasons.
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Хасанов, Ирек Равильевич, Софья Федоровна Лобова, Наталья Вячеславовна Петрова, and Татьяна Дмитриевна Теплякова. "Modeling of fire dynamics when making judicial normative fire-technical expertise." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 2(99) (June 18, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.2020.99.2.005.

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Проанализирована нормативная база, регламентирующая проведение расчетов по оценке параметров срабатывания автоматической установки пожарной сигнализации (АУПС), а также компьютерных программ моделирования динамики пожара и математических моделей, описывающих срабатывание пожарных извещателей. Сформулированы и структурированы вопросы нормативного характера, для решения которых необходимо применение компьютерного моделирования динамики пожара с учетом работы АУПС. Предложен алгоритм компьютерного моделирования пожара в ходе проведения пожарно-технической экспертизы с учетом возможных расчетных ошибок и получения неоднозначных результатов. It is often necessary to assess the parameters of fire development taking into account the influence of fire protection systems by making the regulatory fire-technical expertise. It may also be necessary to carry out an expert examination of the technical solutions adopted at the site for their compliance with fire safety requirements. These practical studies, in particular, are necessary to analyse the consequences of fire safety violations and establish causal links between violations of requirements and the consequences of fire, both past and theoretically possible. A modern way to estimate fire parameters is by field modeling. Field modeling of fire dynamics can be used to answer questions in two expert situations: after fire and before fire (in particular, within the framework of supervisory measures). When making fire-technical expertise on the fire occurred, the expert needs to restore the pre-fire situation and model the real fire dynamics taking into account the established fire information contained in the case file. In a situation before a fire, the expert needs to model a potentially possible fire under the most unfavourable conditions. In accordance with fire safety requirements, each object of protection must have a fire safety system aimed at preventing fire, ensuring the safety of people and property in case of fire. Compliance of design values and characteristics of the building or structure with safety requirements shall be justified by calculations or tests performed according to certified technique. On the basis of the analysis of the regulatory framework and the formulated groups of regulatory questions there have been developed the procedure of the expert‘s actions and the algorithm for simulating fire dynamics when answering questions related to automatic fire alarm. The impact of input data on the possibility of forming categorical or probabilistic outputs was evaluated. The proposed detailed algorithm of field simulation of fire dynamics during the regulatory fire-technical examination is drawn up taking into account possible calculated errors and obtaining ambiguous results.
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Saut Situmorang. "Application of Roboduino ATMega 2560 in the Making of the Fire Extinguisher Beetle Robot." Journal of Science Technology (JoSTec) 2, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/jostec.v2i1.53.

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Rapid technological advances, especially in technology such as robots, provide a lot of help for humans in tasks that are difficult for humans to do. As in the case of fire disasters that often occur, it has caused many casualties and property losses. When the fire is extinguished, there is a risk that must be borne by the firefighting team when extinguishing the fire inside something. Risks that can occur, such as being hit by objects falling from the roof of a building or fires that are getting worse grow up. In this study, a prototype fire fighting beetle robot will be made where the simulation is carried out by making a fire in an area. Implementation is done by controlling the robot with applications that include the ability to move, detect hotspots and extinguish fires. Prototype of Fire Detection using Infrared Flame Sensor Based on Arduino Atmega 2560 consists of 3 main blocks, namely: Infrared Flame Sensor, Notification, and Fire Extinguisher. This prototype was made so that later it can be realized so that it can help the firefighters in the event of a fire, especially in areas that are difficult to reach by fire engines.
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Cruz, Miguel G., Martin E. Alexander, and Ronald H. Wakimoto. "Development and testing of models for predicting crown fire rate of spread in conifer forest stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1626–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-085.

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The rate of spread of crown fires advancing over level to gently undulating terrain was modeled through nonlinear regression analysis based on an experimental data set pertaining primarily to boreal forest fuel types. The data set covered a significant spectrum of fuel complex and fire behavior characteristics. Crown fire rate of spread was modeled separately for fires spreading in active and passive crown fire regimes. The active crown fire rate of spread model encompassing the effects of 10-m open wind speed, estimated fine fuel moisture content, and canopy bulk density explained 61% of the variability in the data set. Passive crown fire spread was modeled through a correction factor based on a criterion for active crowning related to canopy bulk density. The models were evaluated against independent data sets originating from experimental fires. The active crown fire rate of spread model predicted 42% of the independent experimental crown fire data with an error lower then 25% and a mean absolute percent error of 26%. While the models have some shortcomings and areas in need of improvement, they can be readily utilized in support of fire management decision making and other fire research studies.
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LI, Hong, and Yang GAO. "Escape Decision-Making under Real Fire and Simulated Fire Conditions." Acta Psychologica Sinica 45, no. 9 (December 13, 2013): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2013.00993.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Making fire"

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Tissington, Patrick. "Emergency decision making by fire commanders." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484299.

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Proudley, Mae Amber, and mae proudley@rmit edu au. "Fire, Families and Decisions." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090629.102324.

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This research explores the life experiences of families and couples who lived through the Wangary fire (South Australia, January 2005). Examining the bushfire experience from a domestic perspective is long overdue. Open-ended interviews were conducted with thirty-eight couples and families across the fire-affected region on the Lower Eyre Peninsula. A shortlist of fourteen were analysed in detail and they form the foundation of this thesis. These bushfire narratives include the perspectives of farming and non-farming families and cover a wide spectrum of circumstances and demographics. Five of the fourteen families lost their homes in the Wangary fire. Critical decision-making and the presence of children is at the heart of this case study. How the presence of babies and young children influences family decision-making, in advance of or during a bushfire, has not been considered or studied in any detail within the Australian research landscape. Exploring the differences of experience between women with young families and older women confirms the primary weakness of the national bushfire safety ('stay or go') policy. Gender and generation were the two defining factors that informed how people responded to and recovered from the Wangary fire. The perspective of younger people, within the context of bushfire research, has been neglected in the past; this case study incorporates their views and thoughts. It is hoped that insights gleaned from these bushfire narratives will encourage the enhancement of the national 'stay or go' policy.
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Gillespie, Steven. "Fire Ground Decision-Making| Transferring Virtual Knowledge to the Physical Environment." Thesis, Grand Canyon University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590526.

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The primary purpose of this quantitative study was to examine if simulation training correlated with the decision-making abilities of firefighters from two departments (one in a mountain state and one in a southwest state). The other purposes were to determine if firefighter demographics were correlated with the completion of the simulation training and/or predicted decision-making abilities. The independent variables of this study were the completion simulation-training program and selected firefighter demographics with the naturalistic decision-making abilities of these firefighters as the dependent variable. Using purposive sampling, the participants selected were members of the two sample fire departments. The survey contained three categories: demographic information, simulation-based training program overview, and simulation-training assessment. The study produced some statistically significant findings which provided empirical evidence regarding the effective use of simulation training to the decision-making ability of firefighters. It also addresses the void in the existing knowledge base on the effectiveness in using simulation training on the decision-making ability on the fire ground, which firefighters need particularly.

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Estrin, Jesse L. "Sitting in the Fire| An Exploration of Soul-Making in Prison." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527609.

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This thesis explores the potential for soul-making in the prison violence-prevention program known as GRIP—an acronym for Guiding Rage into Power. The author utilizes hermeneutic methodology to explore the meaning and evolution of the concept of soul-making within the literature of depth psychology. Using heuristic methodology, the author then analyzes what he perceived to be a profound demonstration of soul-making among the members of the GRIP prison group he cofacilitated. The findings indicate that by combining a downward move into the underworld of emotional woundedness and psychopathology with a vertical orientation that includes contact with ego-transcendent archetypal energies, the inmates participating in the GRIP program had an opportunity for deep healing and genuine soul-making.

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Hintze, Neil R. "First responder problem solving and decision making in today's asymmetrical environment." Thesis, Registration and login required, 2008. https://www.hsdl.org/homesec/docs/theses/08Mar_Hintze.pdf&code=0b11819a26de4946f5547907991d6aad.

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com, LKSHIS@gmail, and Kah Seng Loh. "The 1961 Kampong Bukit Ho Swee Fire and the Making of Modern Singapore." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090219.104739.

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By 1970, Singapore’s urban landscape was dominated by high-rise blocks of planned public housing built by the People’s Action Party government, signifying the establishment of a high modernist nation-state. A decade earlier, the margins of the City had been dominated by kampongs, home to semi-autonomous communities of low-income Chinese families which freely built, and rebuilt, unauthorised wooden houses. This change was not merely one of housing but belied a more fundamental realignment of state-society relations in the 1960s. Relocated in Housing and Development Board flats, urban kampong families were progressively integrated into the social fabric of the emergent nation-state. This study examines the pivotal role of an event, the great Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire of 1961, in bringing about this transformation. The redevelopment of the fire site in the aftermath of the calamity brought to completion the British colonial regime’s ‘emergency’ programmes of resettling urban kampong dwellers in planned accommodation, in particular, of building emergency public housing on the sites of major fires in the 1950s. The PAP’s far greater political resolve, and the timing of and state of emergency occasioned by the scale of the 1961 disaster, enabled the government to rehouse the Bukit Ho Swee fire victims in emergency housing in record time. This in turn provided the HDB with a strategic platform for clearing other kampongs and for transforming their residents into model citizens of the nation-state. The 1961 fire’s symbolic usefulness extended into the 1980s and beyond, in sanctioning the PAP’s new housing redevelopment schemes. The official account of the inferno has also become politically useful for the government of today for disciplining a new generation of Singaporeans against taking the nation’s progress for granted. Against these exalted claims of the fire’s role in the Singapore Story, this study also examines the degree of actual change and continuity in the social and economic lives of the people of Bukit Ho Swee after the inferno. In some crucial ways, the residents continued to occupy a marginal place in society while pondering, too, over the unresolved question of the cause of the fire. These continuities of everyday life reflect the ambivalence with which the citizenry regarded the high modernist state in contemporary Singapore.
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Loh, Kah Seng. "The 1961 Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire and the making of modern Singapore." Thesis, Loh, Kah Seng (2009) The 1961 Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire and the making of modern Singapore. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/750/.

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By 1970, Singapore’s urban landscape was dominated by high-rise blocks of planned public housing built by the People’s Action Party government, signifying the establishment of a high modernist nation-state. A decade earlier, the margins of the City had been dominated by kampongs, home to semi-autonomous communities of low-income Chinese families which freely built, and rebuilt, unauthorised wooden houses. This change was not merely one of housing but belied a more fundamental realignment of state-society relations in the 1960s. Relocated in Housing and Development Board flats, urban kampong families were progressively integrated into the social fabric of the emergent nation-state. This study examines the pivotal role of an event, the great Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire of 1961, in bringing about this transformation. The redevelopment of the fire site in the aftermath of the calamity brought to completion the British colonial regime’s ‘emergency’ programmes of resettling urban kampong dwellers in planned accommodation, in particular, of building emergency public housing on the sites of major fires in the 1950s. The PAP’s far greater political resolve, and the timing of and state of emergency occasioned by the scale of the 1961 disaster, enabled the government to rehouse the Bukit Ho Swee fire victims in emergency housing in record time. This in turn provided the HDB with a strategic platform for clearing other kampongs and for transforming their residents into model citizens of the nation-state. The 1961 fire’s symbolic usefulness extended into the 1980s and beyond, in sanctioning the PAP’s new housing redevelopment schemes. The official account of the inferno has also become politically useful for the government of today for disciplining a new generation of Singaporeans against taking the nation’s progress for granted. Against these exalted claims of the fire’s role in the Singapore Story, this study also examines the degree of actual change and continuity in the social and economic lives of the people of Bukit Ho Swee after the inferno. In some crucial ways, the residents continued to occupy a marginal place in society while pondering, too, over the unresolved question of the cause of the fire. These continuities of everyday life reflect the ambivalence with which the citizenry regarded the high modernist state in contemporary Singapore.
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Loh, Kah Seng. "The 1961 Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire and the making of modern Singapore." Loh, Kah Seng (2009) The 1961 Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire and the making of modern Singapore. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/750/.

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By 1970, Singapore’s urban landscape was dominated by high-rise blocks of planned public housing built by the People’s Action Party government, signifying the establishment of a high modernist nation-state. A decade earlier, the margins of the City had been dominated by kampongs, home to semi-autonomous communities of low-income Chinese families which freely built, and rebuilt, unauthorised wooden houses. This change was not merely one of housing but belied a more fundamental realignment of state-society relations in the 1960s. Relocated in Housing and Development Board flats, urban kampong families were progressively integrated into the social fabric of the emergent nation-state. This study examines the pivotal role of an event, the great Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire of 1961, in bringing about this transformation. The redevelopment of the fire site in the aftermath of the calamity brought to completion the British colonial regime’s ‘emergency’ programmes of resettling urban kampong dwellers in planned accommodation, in particular, of building emergency public housing on the sites of major fires in the 1950s. The PAP’s far greater political resolve, and the timing of and state of emergency occasioned by the scale of the 1961 disaster, enabled the government to rehouse the Bukit Ho Swee fire victims in emergency housing in record time. This in turn provided the HDB with a strategic platform for clearing other kampongs and for transforming their residents into model citizens of the nation-state. The 1961 fire’s symbolic usefulness extended into the 1980s and beyond, in sanctioning the PAP’s new housing redevelopment schemes. The official account of the inferno has also become politically useful for the government of today for disciplining a new generation of Singaporeans against taking the nation’s progress for granted. Against these exalted claims of the fire’s role in the Singapore Story, this study also examines the degree of actual change and continuity in the social and economic lives of the people of Bukit Ho Swee after the inferno. In some crucial ways, the residents continued to occupy a marginal place in society while pondering, too, over the unresolved question of the cause of the fire. These continuities of everyday life reflect the ambivalence with which the citizenry regarded the high modernist state in contemporary Singapore.
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Singh, Devyani. "Exploring the Factors that Characterize the Decision Process for the Use of Prescribed Fire in South Carolina." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339767070.

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Penn, Chérie A. "Substance testing in the fire service: making public safety a matter of national policy." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41430.

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CHDS State/Local
The state of fire service substance-testing policy nationwide, and what it should be, is the subject of this project. This thesis analyzed 12 substance-testing policies from fire departments across the country. The project looked at the language fire departments were using to convey the intent, process, and consequences of their policy. Common themes emerged as each policy was examined. However, upon closer examination, more inconsistency was found than uniformity. Differences ranged from policy purposes to prevailing guidance to types of substances tested for, threshold levels, and employee treatment, with the greatest difference found in the terminology. As a result of the analysis, this thesis identifies best practices and required components of a standardized national substance-testing policy, and asserts that such a national model should be implemented.
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Books on the topic "Making fire"

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Making fire in the wild. New York: PowerKids Press, 2016.

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Torch-fired enamel jewelry: A workshop in painting with fire. Cincinnati, Ohio: North Light, 2011.

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Crucible of fire: Nineteenth-century urban fires and the making of the modern fire service. Washington, D.C: Potomac Books, 2011.

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Owen, Ruth. Ready, aim, fire! New York: PowerKids Press, 2014.

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Houston, James A. Fire into ice: Adventures in glass making. Toronto: Tundra Books, 1998.

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Chamberlain, Diane. Fire and rain. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.

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Chamberlain, Diane. Fire and rain. Sevenoaks: New Eng. Lib., 1993.

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Caspall, John. Making fire & light in the home pre-1820. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 1987.

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Black fire: The making of an American revolutionary. New York: New Press, 1994.

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Caspall, John. Making fire & light in the home pre-1820. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Making fire"

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Whalen-Bridge, John. "Making a Scene: Actor, Time, and Place." In Tibet on Fire, 59–80. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137370358_4.

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Pereira, Mário Gonzalez, Jack P. Hayes, Char Miller, and Daniel E. Orenstein. "Fire on the Hills: An Environmental History of Fires and Fire Policy in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems." In Environmental History in the Making, 145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41085-2_9.

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Restas, Agoston. "Hungarian - Slovakian Cooperation Making Aerial Firefighting More Effective: Error Analysis." In Wood & Fire Safety, 367–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_54.

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Lee, Eric Wai Ming. "Application of Artificial Neural Network to Fire Safety Engineering." In Handbook on Decision Making, 369–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13639-9_15.

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Nikulina, Yuliya, Tatyana Shulga, Alexander Sytnik, Natalya Frolova, and Olga Toropova. "Ontologies of the Fire Safety Domain." In Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, 457–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12072-6_37.

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Keane, Robert E., James P. Menakis, Paul F. Hessburg, Keith M. Reynolds, and James D. Dickinson. "Evaluating Wildfire Hazard and Risk for Fire Management Applications." In Making Transparent Environmental Management Decisions, 111–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32000-2_6.

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Eyre, Anne. "The Making of a Hero: An Exploration of Heroism in Disasters and Implications for the Emergency Services." In Fire and Rescue Services, 113–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62155-5_8.

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Tissington, Pat, and Frank Watt. "Decision-Making: Inside the Mind of the Incident Commander." In Applying Occupational Psychology to the Fire Service, 231–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14588-0_8.

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Evans, Thomas Rhys. "Emotions in the Fire Service: Decision-Making, Risk, and Coping." In Applying Occupational Psychology to the Fire Service, 13–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14588-0_2.

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Bergmann, Ralph. "Ambient Intelligence for Decision Making in Fire Service Organizations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 73–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76652-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Making fire"

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null. "Decision making under fire." In IEE Colloquium on Decision Making and Problem Solving. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971218.

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Zhang, Wei, Yongquan Liang, Shujuan Ji, and Qijia Tian. "Argumentation agent based fire emergency rescue project making." In 2012 IEEE Symposium on Robotics and Applications (ISRA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isra.2012.6219335.

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Tao, Yixi, Dengyou Xia, and Yi Zhu. "Research on Emergency Decision-making Model for Major Disasters Based on Stochastic Petri Nets." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055778.

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Mingjie, Wang, Zhang Zheng, Wu Xueping, and Zhang Liaoning. "Fire strike target decision making based on prospect theory." In 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2015.7260275.

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Souza, Igor Pimentel Gusmão Fragôso de, José Italo Alves da Silva, Mycaell de Oliveira Carneiro, Tiago Brasileiro Araújo, and Jose Gomes Lopes Filho. "A Mobile Application to Support Decision-Making in the Context of Forest Fires." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi_estendido.2022.222118.

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The increasing number of forest fires in Brazil, allied to the difficulty of fire fighting in vegetation areas, becomes a motivation to apply technological resources to support the fire fighting in forest areas. Therefore, this work proposes the development of software able to collect data from different data sources and provide useful information to fire brigades, supporting the strategic planning as well as assisting the firefighters involved in fire fighting.
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Hua, Nan, Anthony F. Tessari, and Negar Elhami-Khorasani. "Design Fire Scenarios for Railway Tunnel Fires." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0082.

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<p>Extreme fire events in tunnels may have catastrophic consequences, which include loss of lives, structural damage, and major socioeconomic impacts. One of the primary factors that influences the level of damage is the demand fire scenario in a tunnel. A few standard hydrocarbon fire temperature-time curves exist, but they are idealized and do not consider the actual fire duration and fire spread inside the tunnel. Risk-based decision-making frameworks and performance-based design of tunnel linings require a more realistic set of fire scenarios compared to the standard fire curves. This paper focuses on a traveling fire model for a railway tunnel to evaluate temperature evolution considering fire spread between train cars. In this study, a series of numerical simulations are conducted in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a computational fluid dynamics software package. A parametric study with varying ventilation velocity, amount of fuel, tunnel slope, ignition point and criteria for fire spread is performed. The outcome of this work can be used in future to establish guidelines for design temperature demands within risk-based frameworks to minimize economic losses in railway tunnels in case of fire.</p>
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Mandel, Jan, Martin Vejmelka, Adam Kochanski, Angel Farguell, James Haley, Derek Mallia, and Kyle Hilburn. "An Interactive Data-Driven HPC System for Forecasting Weather, Wildland Fire, and Smoke." In 2019 IEEE/ACM HPC for Urgent Decision Making (UrgentHPC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urgenthpc49580.2019.00010.

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8

Martin, L. "Building fire commander situational awareness from team shared mental models." In IEE Colloquium on Computer Mediated Complex Supervisory and Decision Making in Teams. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970754.

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9

Chu, Ran, Huaixiu Wang, Yahui Wang, and Conglei Zhang. "Research on intelligent decision making technology of fire emergency rescue." In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2017.7978816.

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Jianyong Zhu, Chen Chen, Xianchen Guo, and Xiaojun Li. "Research on the design of fire decision making knowledge base." In Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730606.

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Reports on the topic "Making fire"

1

Hart, D. J. Making a Better Fire Team Leader. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503902.

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2

Klein, Gary A., Roberta Calderwood, and Anne Clinton-Cirocco. Rapid Decision Making on the Fire Ground. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199492.

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3

Youngblood, Andrew, Heidi Bigler-Cole, Christopher J. Fettig, Carl Fiedler, Eric E. Knapp, John F. Lehmkuhl, Kenneth W. Outcalt, Carl N. Skinner, Scott L. Stephens, and Thomas A. Waldrop. Making fire and fire surrogate science available: a summary of regional workshops with clients. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-727.

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4

Kerber, Steve, Daniel Madrzykowski, James Dalton, and Robert Backstrom. Improving Fire Safety by Understanding the Fire Performance of Engineered Floor Systems and Providing the Fire Service with Information for Tactical Decision Making. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zcoq6988.

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This research project was a collaboration of several research organizations, product manufacturers and fire service representatives to examine hazards associated with residential flooring systems to improve firefighter safety. Funding for this project was provided through the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grant Program. The main objective of this study was to improve firefighter safety by increasing the level of knowledge on the response of residential flooring systems to fire. Several types (or series) of experiments were conducted and analyzed to expand the body of knowledge on the impact of fire on residential flooring systems. The results of the study have been prepared to provide tactical considerations for the fire service to enable improved decision making on the fire scene. Experiments were conducted to examine several types of floor joists including, dimensional lumber, engineered I-joists, metal plate connected wood trusses, steel C-joists, castellated I-joists and hybrid trusses. Experiments were performed at multiple scales to examine single floor system joists in a laboratory up through a full floor system in an acquired structure. Applied load, ventilation, fuel load, span and protection methods were altered to provide important information about the impact of these variables to structural stability and firefighter safety. There are several tactical considerations that result from this research that firefighters can use immediately to improve their understanding, safety and decision making when sizing up a fire in a one or two family home. This report summarizes the results from each of the experimental series and provides discussion and conclusions of the results.
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Calderwood, Roberta, Beth W. Crandall, and Timothy H. Baynes. Protocol Analysis of Expert/Novice Command Decision Making during Simulated Fire Ground Incidents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225666.

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6

Walpole, Emily H., Erica D. Kuligowski, Lauren Cain, Alicea Fitzpatrick, and Christin Salley. Evacuation decision-making in the 2016 chimney tops 2 fire: results of a household survey. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2103.

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7

Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Fire Service Summary Report: Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/pxtq2256.

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Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety Released. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/lihb1439.

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Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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9

Kerber, Steve. Study of the Effectiveness of Fire Service Vertical Ventilation and Suppression Tactics in Single Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/iwzc6477.

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Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service ventilation and suppression practices as well as the impact of changes in modern house geometries. There has been a steady change in the residential fire environment over the past several decades. These changes include larger homes, more open floor plans and volumes, and increased synthetic fuel loads. This investigation examined the influence of these changes to the fire behavior and subsequent impact on firefighter tactics relative to horizontal and vertical ventilation and suppression. It is anticipated that the results of this investigation will be incorporated into improved firefighting tactics and decision making to reduce firefighter injuries and fatalities. Vertical ventilation has been used successfully but also resulted in firefighter fatalities in the past, as it is not easily coordinated with suppression and other fire ground tasks such as horizontal ventilation. It is not straightforward for firefighters to train on the effects of vertical ventilation since fire service training structures and props do not allow for ventilation-limited fire conditions with representative fuel loads and floor plans that will be encountered on the fire ground. Thus, guidance on the effectiveness of vertical ventilation comes from experience gained during real incidents, but under many different fire ground conditions. This has made it difficult to develop comprehensive guidance on the coordination of vertical ventilation with other firefighter tactics, and how these tactics may influence the fire dynamics in the burning home. The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the fire dynamics associated with the use of vertical ventilation so that it may be more effectively deployed on the fire ground. Two houses were constructed in the large fire facility of Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL. The first house was a one-story house (1200 ft, three bedrooms, one bathroom) with a total of 8 rooms. The second house was a two-story house (3200 ft, four bedrooms, two and a half bathrooms) with a total of 12 rooms. The second house featured a modern open floor plan, two-story great room and open foyer. A total of seventeen experiments were conducted varying the ventilation locations and the number of ventilation openings. Ventilation scenarios included ventilating the front door and a window near the seat of the fire (with modern and legacy furnishings) to link to the previous research on horizontal ventilation, opening the front door and ventilating over the fire and remote from the fire. Additional experiments examined controlling the front door, making different sized ventilation holes in the roof and the impact of exterior hose streams. The results from the experiments led to identification of tactical considerations for the fire service to integrate into their education and fire ground strategies and tactics where applicable.
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10

Parker, Timothy M. Making Fires Joint. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401092.

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