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Journal articles on the topic 'Makran subduction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ghadimi, Homa, Alireza Khodaverdian, and Hamid Zafarani. "Active deformation in the Makran region using geological, geodetic and stress direction data sets." Geophysical Journal International 235, no. 3 (2023): 2556–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad393.

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SUMMARY Neotectonic flow of the Makran subduction zone is estimated using a kinematic modelling technique based on iterated weighted least-squares that fits to all kinematic data from both geological and geophysical sources. The kinematic data set includes 87 geodetic velocities, 1962 principal stress directions, 90 fault traces, 56 geological heave rates and velocity boundary conditions. Low seismicity of western Makran compared to its eastern part, may indicate that either the subduction interface is currently locked, accumulating elastic strain or aseismic slip (creep) occurs along this par

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2

Haberland, Christian, Mohammad Mokhtari, Hassan Ali Babaei, et al. "Anatomy of a crustal-scale accretionary complex: Insights from deep seismic sounding of the onshore western Makran subduction zone, Iran." Geology 49, no. 1 (2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47700.1.

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Abstract The Makran subduction zone has produced M 8+ earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis in historic times, hence indicating high risk for the coastal regions of southern Iran, Pakistan, and neighboring countries. Besides this, the Makran subduction zone is an end-member subduction zone featuring extreme properties, with one of the largest sediment inputs and the widest accretionary wedge on Earth. While surface geology and shallow structure of the offshore wedge have been relatively well studied, primary information on the deeper structure of the onshore part is largely absent. We present th

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3

Namdarsehat, Peyman, Wojciech Milczarek, Seyed-Hani Motavalli-Anbaran, and Matin Khaledzadeh. "Makran Subduction Zone: A Review and Synthesis." Geosciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14080219.

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This review synthesizes existing research to elucidate the factors driving the distinct tectonic behaviors in the western and eastern Makran subduction zone, focusing on seismic activity, uplift rate, convergence rate, coupling, and subduction angle. The literature identifies the asymmetry in pressure and the variation in subduction angles between the western and eastern parts of the Makran as key factors in defining the region’s tectonic patterns. The western region has a steeper subduction angle, resulting in lower pressure, reduced coupling, and decreased seismic activity. This disparity ar

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Safari, A., A. M. Abolghasem, N. Abedini, and Z. Mousavi. "ASSESSMENT OF OPTIMUM VALUE FOR DIP ANGLE AND LOCKING RATE PARAMETERS IN MAKRAN SUBDUCTION ZONE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W4 (September 27, 2017): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w4-523-2017.

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Makran subduction zone is one of the convergent areas that have been studied by spatial geodesy. Makran zone is located in the South Eastern of Iran and South of Pakistan forming the part of Eurasian-Arabian plate's border where oceanic crust in the Arabian plate (or in Oman Sea) subducts under the Eurasian plate ( Farhoudi and Karig, 1977). Due to lack of historical and modern tools in the area, a sampling of sparse measurements of the permanent GPS stations and temporary stations (campaign) has been conducted in the past decade. Makran subduction zone from different perspectives has unusual

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5

Rashidi, Amin, Denys Dutykh, Zaher Hossein Shomali, Nasser Keshavarz Farajkhah, and Mohammadsadegh Nouri. "A Review of Tsunami Hazards in the Makran Subduction Zone." Geosciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090372.

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The uncertain tsunamigenic potential of the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) has made it an interesting natural laboratory for tsunami-related studies. This study aims to review the recent activities on tsunami hazard in the Makran subduction zone with a focus on deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments. While almost all studies focused on tsunami hazard from the Makran subduction thrust, other local sources such as splay faults and landslides can be also real threats in the future. Far-field tsunami sources such as Sumatra-Andaman and Java subduction zones, commonly lumped as th

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6

Lodhi, Hira Ashfaq, Shoaib Ahmed, and Haider Hasan. "Tsunami heights and limits in 1945 along the Makran coast estimated from testimony gathered 7 decades later in Gwadar, Pasni and Ormara." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 10 (2021): 3085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3085-2021.

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Abstract. The towns of Pasni and Ormara were the most severely affected by the 1945 Makran tsunami. The water inundated land for almost 1 km at Pasni, engulfing 80 % of the huts of the town, while at Ormara the tsunami inundated land for 2.5 km, washing away 60 % of the huts. The plate boundary between the Arabian Plate and Eurasian Plate is marked by Makran subduction zone (MSZ). This Makran subduction zone in November 1945 was the source of a great earthquake (8.1 Mw) and an associated tsunami. Estimated death tolls, waves arrival times, and the extent of inundation and runup have remained v

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7

Rehman, Adil, and Huai Zhang. "Generalized Extreme Value Distribution for Modeling Earthquake Risk in Makran Subduction Zone Using Extreme Value Theory." Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences 3, no. 2 (2023): A819. http://dx.doi.org/10.52562/injoes.2023.819.

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The long-term pattern of severe incidents is one of the most crucial and fascinating topics of seismic events. This work aims to analyze the maximum annual earthquake magnitude in the Makran subduction zone using extreme value theory by implementing the block maxima method. The seismic data utilized for the current study was collected from the International Seismological Center (ISC) ranging from 1934 to 2022. The extreme parameters have fitted utilizing the generalized extreme value distribution. Numerous plots of the generalized extreme value distribution approach gave the accuracy of the us

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8

Faheem, Haris, YingFeng Ji, WeiLing Zhu, Rui Qu, Ye Zhu, and Shoichi Yoshioka. "Subduction thermal state, slab metamorphism, and seismicity in the Makran Subduction Zone." Earth and Planetary Physics 9, no. 2 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2025004.

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9

REHMAN, Adil, and Huai ZHANG. "Probabilistic forecast of next earthquake event in Makran subduction zone using Weibull distribution." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 54, no. 1 (2024): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/congeo.2024.54.1.5.

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Earthquake is the most lethal type of natural disaster. Researchers have been working to develop precise earthquake prediction methods to save lives. A statistical investigation is an effective earthquake prediction method because they offer more details about the seismic risk or hazard issue. This study utilizes seismic data from the Makran subduction zone from 1934 to 2017. Probability distributions may be employed to assess the risk of seismic events and earthquake occurrence probability. This work estimates the probability of the next major event in the Makran subduction zone through Weibu

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10

Hafeez Abbasi, Muhammad Imran. "IS MAKRAN A SEPARATE MICROPLATE? A SHORT REVIEW." MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 5, no. 1 (2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2021.01.05.

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Makran Subduction Zone (MZS) is important as this region lies on both sides of the border of Iran and Pakistan along the coastline. Makran Subduction complex has pervasive seismicity and diverse focal mechanism solutions and being in the vicinity of Triple Junction where three major Tectonic plates; Arabian, Eurasian and Indian plates are connecting. Both of Chabahar and Gwadar ports are located in this vicinity, on which China is investing for CPEC, Belt and Road Initiative. The whole world is looking at these projects of Makran, as this may define and transform the future of trade. Hence Geo

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11

Rashidi, Amin, Zaher Hossein Shomali, Denys Dutykh, and Nasser Keshavarz Farajkhah. "Tsunami hazard assessment in the Makran subduction zone." Natural Hazards 100, no. 2 (2020): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03848-1.

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12

Musson, R. M. W. "Subduction in the Western Makran: the historian's contribution." Journal of the Geological Society 166, no. 3 (2009): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-119.

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13

Hoechner, Andreas, Andrey Y. Babeyko, and Natalia Zamora. "Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for the Makran region with focus on maximum magnitude assumption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 6 (2016): 1339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1339-2016.

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Abstract. Despite having been rather seismically quiescent for the last decades, the Makran subduction zone is capable of hosting destructive earthquakes and tsunami. In particular, the well-known thrust event in 1945 (Balochistan earthquake) led to about 4000 casualties. Nowadays, the coastal regions are more densely populated and vulnerable to similar events. Furthermore, some recent publications discuss rare but significantly larger events at the Makran subduction zone as possible scenarios. We analyze the instrumental and historical seismicity at the subduction plate interface and generate

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14

Hoechner, A., A. Y. Babeyko, and N. Zamora. "Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for the Makran region with focus on maximum magnitude assumption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 9 (2015): 5191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-5191-2015.

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Abstract. Despite having been rather seismically quiescent for the last decades, the Makran subduction zone is capable of hosting destructive earthquakes and tsunami. In particular, the well-known thrust event in 1945 (Balochistan earthquake) led to about 4000 casualties. Nowadays, the coastal regions are more densely populated and vulnerable to similar events. Furthermore, some recent publications discuss rare but significantly larger events at the Makran subduction zone as possible scenarios. We analyze the instrumental and historical seismicity at the subduction plate interface and generate

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15

Waseem, Khan, and Mirwani Mahnoor. "PROBING THE NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE MUD VOLCANIC CLUSTERS IN MAKRAN COASTAL ZONE, PAKISTAN." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 8, no. 3 (2020): 214–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3734249.

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Makran Subduction Zone is formed in Late Cretaceous. It is divided into Eastern Makran at the southern edge of Helmand Block in Pakistan and the Western Makran at the southern edge of Lut Block in Iran. The velocity of convergence in Eastern and Western Makran are 42.0 mm/yr and 35.6 mm/yr repectively. Both segments are bound by strike-slip faults e.g. Ornach-Nal left lateral fault in the east and Minab right lateral in the west. Stratigraphically, the zone comprises Formations of ages ranging from Cretaceous to Holocene. In the Eastern Makran, most of the mud volcanoes are located along strik

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16

Omrani, H., M. Moazzen, R. Oberhänsli, and M. E. Moslempour. "Iranshahr blueschist: subduction of the inner Makran oceanic crust." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 35, no. 4 (2016): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12236.

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17

Khan, Waseem, and Mahnoor Mirwani. "PROBING THE NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE MUD VOLCANIC CLUSTERS IN MAKRAN COASTAL ZONE, PAKISTAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 3 (2020): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i3.2020.145.

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Makran Subduction Zone is formed in Late Cretaceous. It is divided into Eastern Makran at the southern edge of Helmand Block in Pakistan and the Western Makran at the southern edge of Lut Block in Iran. The velocity of convergence in Eastern and Western Makran are 42.0 mm/yr and 35.6 mm/yr repectively. Both segments are bound by strike-slip faults e.g. Ornach-Nal left lateral fault in the east and Minab right lateral in the west. Stratigraphically, the zone comprises Formations of ages ranging from Cretaceous to Holocene. In the Eastern Makran, most of the mud volcanoes are located along strik

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18

Normand, Raphaël, Guy Simpson, Frédéric Herman, Rabiul Haque Biswas, and Abbas Bahroudi. "Holocene Sedimentary Record and Coastal Evolution in the Makran Subduction Zone (Iran)." Quaternary 2, no. 2 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2020021.

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The western Makran coast displays evidence of surface uplift since at least the Late Pleistocene, but it remains uncertain whether this displacement is accommodated by creep on the subduction interface, or in a series of large earthquakes. Here, we address this problem by looking at the short-term (Holocene) history of continental vertical displacements recorded in the geomorphology and sedimentary succession of the Makran beaches. In the region of Chabahar (Southern Iran), we study two bay-beaches through the description, measurement and dating of 13 sedimentary sections with a combination of

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19

Khaledzadeh, Matin, and Abdolreza Ghods. "Estimation of size of megathrust zone in the Makran subduction system by thermal modelling." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 3 (2021): 1530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab417.

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SUMMARY To estimate the maximum possible size of megathrust earthquakes, we calculate the thermal structure along two profiles in west and east Makran subduction zone by solving the steady-state 2-D energy equation. For the western profile, we derive the slab geometry from a recent receiver function study along IASBS (Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences) seismic profile in the onshore part of the Iranian Makran. For the eastern profile, the slab geometry is derived from a recent relocation of seismicity of Makran. Using the improved slab geometry and a force balance establishment

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20

Normand, Raphaël, Guy Simpson, and Abbas Bahroudi. "Extension at the coast of the Makran subduction zone (Iran)." Terra Nova 31, no. 6 (2019): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ter.12419.

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21

Frohling, E., and W. Szeliga. "GPS constraints on interplate locking within the Makran subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 205, no. 1 (2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw001.

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22

Lin, Y. N., R. Jolivet, M. Simons, et al. "High interseismic coupling in the Eastern Makran (Pakistan) subduction zone." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 420 (June 2015): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.037.

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23

Normand, Raphaël, Guy Simpson, Frédéric Herman, Rabiul Haque Biswas, Abbas Bahroudi, and Bastian Schneider. "Dating and morpho-stratigraphy of uplifted marine terraces in the Makran subduction zone (Iran)." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 1 (2019): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-321-2019.

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Abstract. The western part of the Makran subduction zone (Iran) is currently experiencing active surface uplift, as attested by the presence of emerged marine terraces along the coast. To better understand the uplift recorded by these terraces, we investigated seven localities along the Iranian Makran and we performed radiocarbon, 230Th∕U and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the layers of marine sediments deposited on top of the terraces. This enabled us to correlate the terraces regionally and to assign them to different Quaternary sea-level highstands. Our results show east–

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24

Yu, Chuanhai, Min Xu, Jian Lin, et al. "Atypical crustal structure of the Makran subduction zone and seismotectonic implications." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 643 (October 2024): 118896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118896.

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25

Nemati, Majid. "Seismotectonic and seismicity of Makran, a bimodal subduction zone, SE Iran." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 169 (January 2019): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.08.009.

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26

Smith, Gemma L., Lisa C. McNeill, Kelin Wang, Jiangheng He, and Timothy J. Henstock. "Thermal structure and megathrust seismogenic potential of the Makran subduction zone." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 8 (2013): 1528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50374.

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27

Raza, Hammad, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Aaqib, Turab H. Jafri, and Mohsin Usman Qureshi. "Seismic Site Amplification Characteristics of Makran Subduction Zone Using 1D Non-Linear Ground Response Analysis." Applied Sciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041775.

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The Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) is a tectonic plate boundary where the Arabian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate. This study investigated the dynamic response in the Gwadar region, located in the eastern part of the MSZ. A suite of seismic records compatible with the Building Code of Pakistan (BCP:2021) rock design spectrum was used as the input ground motions at the bedrock. The amplification characteristics were assessed through a series of one-dimensional (1D) site response analyses utilizing a non-linear (NL) approach. The results revealed significant de-amplification in soft

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28

Moraetis, Daniel, Andreas Scharf, Frank Mattern, Kosmas Pavlopoulos, and Steven Forman. "Quaternary Thrusting in the Central Oman Mountains—Novel Observations and Causes: Insights from Optical Stimulate Luminescence Dating and Kinematic Fault Analyses." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050166.

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For the first time, Quaternary thrusts are documented within the Central Oman Mountains to the northwest of the Jabal Akhdar Dome. Thrusts with a throw of up to 1.1 m displace Quaternary alluvial fan conglomerates. These conglomerates have an Optical Stimulate Luminescence (OSL) age of 159 ± 7.9 ka BP and were deposited during MIS 6 (Marine Isotope Stage). The thrusts occur in two sets. Sets 1 and 2 formed during NE/SW and NW/SE shortening, respectively. Set-1-thusts correlate with the present-day stress field of NE/SW shortening which is related to subduction in the Makran Subduction Zone, an

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29

Al-Lazki, Ali I., Khaled S. Al-Damegh, Salah Y. El-Hadidy, Abdolreza Ghods, and Mohammad Tatar. "Pn-velocity structure beneath Arabia–Eurasia Zagros collision and Makran subduction zones." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 392, no. 1 (2014): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp392.3.

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30

Swapna, M., and Kirti Srivastava. "Effect of Murray ridge on the tsunami propagation from Makran subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 199, no. 3 (2014): 1430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu336.

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31

Penney, Camilla, Farokh Tavakoli, Abdolreza Saadat, et al. "Megathrust and accretionary wedge properties and behaviour in the Makran subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 209, no. 3 (2017): 1800–1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx126.

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32

Abdetedal, M., Z. H. Shomali, and M. R. Gheitanchi. "Crust and upper mantle structures of the Makran subduction zone in south-east Iran by seismic ambient noise tomography." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 1 (2014): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-1-2014.

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Abstract. We applied seismic ambient noise surface wave tomography to estimate Rayleigh wave empirical Green's functions from cross-correlations to study crust and uppermost mantle structure beneath the Makran region in south-east Iran. We analysed 12 months of continuous data from January 2009 through January 2010 recorded at broadband seismic stations. We obtained group velocity of the fundamental mode Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves from empirical Green's functions between 10 and 50 s periods by multiple-filter analysis and inverted for Rayleigh wave group velocity maps. The final results d

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33

Momeni, Payam, Katsuichiro Goda, Mohammad Heidarzadeh, and Jinhui Qin. "Stochastic Analysis of Tsunami Hazard of the 1945 Makran Subduction Zone Mw 8.1–8.3 Earthquakes." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110452.

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Historical records of major earthquakes in the northwestern Indian Ocean along the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) indicate high potential tsunami hazards for coastal regions of Pakistan, Iran, Oman, and western India. There are fast-growing and populous cities and ports that are economically important, such as Chabahar (Iran), Gwadar (Pakistan), Muscat (Oman), and Mumbai (India). In this study, we assess the tsunami hazard of the 1945 MSZ event (fatalities ≈300 people) using stochastic earthquake rupture models of Mw 8.1–8.3 by considering uncertainties related to rupture geometry and slip heter

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34

Derakhshani, Reza, Mojtaba Zaresefat, Vahid Nikpeyman, et al. "Machine Learning-Based Assessment of Watershed Morphometry in Makran." Land 12, no. 4 (2023): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040776.

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This study proposes an artificial intelligence approach to assess watershed morphometry in the Makran subduction zones of South Iran and Pakistan. The approach integrates machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), and multivariate linear regression (MLR), on a single platform. The study area was analyzed by extracting watersheds from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and calculating eight morphometric indices. The morphometric parameters were normalized using fuzzy membership functions to improve accuracy. The performance of the mach

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Motaghi, K., E. Shabanian, and T. Nozad-Khalil. "Deep structure of the western coast of the Makran subduction zone, SE Iran." Tectonophysics 776 (February 2020): 228314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228314.

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36

Rashidi, Amin, Zaher Hossein Shomali, Denys Dutykh, and Nasser Keshavarz Faraj Khah. "Evaluation of tsunami wave energy generated by earthquakes in the Makran subduction zone." Ocean Engineering 165 (October 2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.07.027.

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Banijamali, Babak, Amirhamed Alviri, Ehsan Rastgoftar, and Mohsen Soltanpour. "A CASE-STUDY OF RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS STABILITY AGAINST MAKRAN SUBDUCTION ZONE TSUNAMIS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.44.

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A case-study pertaining to a number of existing breakwaters located on northern coastlines of the Gulf of Oman, directly facing the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) sets the context in order to elucidate the adopted methodologies for both Probabilistic Tsunamis Hazard Analysis (PTHA) as well as investigating breakwater stability in the event of a major tsunami. MSZ stretches from west to east for over 900 (km), affecting the coastlines of Iran, Pakistan, India, Oman and UAE as a potential source of tsunami hazard. According to historical data, the last reported MSZ generated tsunami which was trig

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Kopp, C., J. Fruehn, E. R. Flueh, et al. "Structure of the Makran subduction zone from wide-angle and reflection seismic data." Tectonophysics 329, no. 1-4 (2000): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00195-5.

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39

Zafarani, H., and M. R. Soghrat. "Selection and Modification of Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Makran Subduction Zone, Southeast Iran." Pure and Applied Geophysics 178, no. 4 (2021): 1193–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02690-6.

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40

Akbarpour Jannat, Mahmood Reza, Ehsan Rastgoftar, and Katsuichiro Goda. "Improvement to stochastic tsunami hazard analysis of megathrust earthquakes for western Makran subduction zone." Applied Ocean Research 141 (December 2023): 103784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2023.103784.

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41

Delavar, M. R., H. Mohammadi, M. A. Sharifi, and M. D. Pirooz. "TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT MODELLING IN CHABAHAR PORT, IRAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-461-2017.

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The well-known historical tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) region was generated by the earthquake of November 28, 1945 in Makran Coast in the North of Oman Sea. This destructive tsunami killed over 4,000 people in Southern Pakistan and India, caused great loss of life and devastation along the coasts of Western India, Iran and Oman. According to the report of "Remembering the 1945 Makran Tsunami", compiled by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC), the maximum inundation of Chabahar port was 367 m toward the dry land, which had a height of 3.6 meters from the se

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42

Liu, Bin, Jiang-xin Chen, Syed Waseem Haider, Xi-guang Deng, Li Yang, and Min-liang Duan. "New high-resolution 2D seismic imaging of fluid escape structures in the Makran subduction zone." China Geology 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31035/cg2020027.

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43

Moazzen, Mohssen, and Hadi Omrani. "Iranshahr Blueschists as Results of Subduction of the Neotethys Inner Makran Oceanic Crust, SE Iran." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 89, s2 (2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12308_41.

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44

Byrne, Daniel E., Lynn R. Sykes, and Dan M. Davis. "Great thrust earthquakes and aseismic slip along the plate boundary of the Makran Subduction Zone." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, B1 (1992): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91jb02165.

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45

Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, Moharram D. Pirooz, and Nasser H. Zaker. "Modeling the near-field effects of the worst-case tsunami in the Makran subduction zone." Ocean Engineering 36, no. 5 (2009): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.01.004.

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Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, and Andrzej Kijko. "A probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for the Makran subduction zone at the northwestern Indian Ocean." Natural Hazards 56, no. 3 (2010): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9574-x.

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Rajendran, C. P., Kusala Rajendran, Majid Shah-hosseini, Abdolmajid Naderi Beni, C. M. Nautiyal, and Ronia Andrews. "The hazard potential of the western segment of the Makran subduction zone, northern Arabian Sea." Natural Hazards 65, no. 1 (2012): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0355-6.

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Abedi, Maysam, and Abbas Bahroudi. "A geophysical potential field study to image the Makran subduction zone in SE of Iran." Tectonophysics 688 (October 2016): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.025.

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Moraetis, Daniel, Frank Mattern, Andreas Scharf, et al. "Neogene to Quaternary uplift history along the passive margin of the northeastern Arabian Peninsula, eastern Al Hajar Mountains, Oman." Quaternary Research 90, no. 2 (2018): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.51.

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AbstractThis work explores the uplift history of the best exposed marine terraces in the northeastern Arabian Peninsula (eastern Al Hajar Mountains). A multidisciplinary approach was employed, including a topographic survey, 14C dating, thin section studies, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Six distinctive marine terraces with widths ranging from tenth of meters to kilometers and elevations from 5 to ~400 m were studied. These terraces record an along-strike heterogeneous uplift history, while they show temporally variable uplift rates ranging between 0.9 to 6.7 mm/yr, which correlat

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Decker, Valeska, Carole T. Gee, Pia J. Schucht, Susanne Lindauer, and Gösta Hoffmann. "Life on the Edge: A Powerful Tsunami Overwhelmed Indian Ocean Mangroves One Millennium Ago." Forests 13, no. 6 (2022): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060922.

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In this paper, we demonstrate how subfossil mangrove wood can be used to elucidate the timing of past tsunami events. Although tsunamis generated by submarine earthquakes along the Makran subduction zone in the Arabian Sea are not unusual, rigorous age documentation is generally lacking. The best known is the only instrument-recorded tsunami, which affected the coastlines of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Oman in November 1945. Eyewitness accounts of the effect along the Oman coastline assert that this tsunami was not destructive. However, a 25-cm-thick shell layer in the lagoon adjacent to the ci

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