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Journal articles on the topic 'Maladaptive behaviour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Amoah, Charles Agyei, Samuel Dontoh, Augustine Adjei, and Barnabas Addai Amanfo. "Teachers’ Strategies for Managing Adolescent Students with Maladaptive Behaviours in Ghana." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 05 (May 4, 2020): 1312–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i05.el01.

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Maladaptive behavior is arguably the most common disruptive behaviour among adolescents and in order to transform these students into productive members in the society, the need for quality education cannot be overrated. It is in this regard that this study seeks to examine the strategies that teacher use to manage maladaptive behaviours in Offinso Municipality. A quantitative approach and an explanatory research design was adopted to ensure that the right data is collected and the appropriate analytical techniques are used. Further, Krejcie and Morgan (1970) and stratified random sampling was used to select a total of 171 teachers from the three schools with the aid of questionnaire as the research instrument. All ethical issues were strictly adhered to ensure Full Corporation with the study. SPSS version 22 was used to code and capture the data collected. A combination of descriptive analysis and sequential linear regression was used to analyse the data. The results showed that the students of the three schools in the Offinso Municipality exhibit maladaptive behaviour and the teachers have adapted strategies that significantly manages the maladaptive behaviours. The factors influencing maladaptive behaviour in the adolescents includes parental, environmental and the school. For resource allocation and policy implications, management should first consider committing resources to enhancing the teacher’s strategy before considering the three category of factors influencing the maladaptive behaviour in the adolescent students. Further, management should engage the parents, the community leaders and government to develop strategies in mitigating maladaptive behaviour in adolescent students. The need for counselling service centres cannot be overrated besides orientation practices.

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Collacott, Richard A., Sally-Ann Cooper, David Branford, and Catherine McGrother. "Behaviour phenotype for Down's syndrome." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 1 (January 1998): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.1.85.

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BackgroundFor more than a century, the idea of particular personality/behavioural characteristics being associated with people with Down's syndrome has been explored, but with inconclusive results.MethodThe Disability Assessment Schedule was used to ascertain the behavioural profiles of 360 adults with Down's syndrome and 1829 adults with learning disabilities of other aetiologies, who were the whole identified population within a defined geographical area. Comparison was made between the two total groups and additionally for the subgroups aged < 35 years and aged ⩾35 years. Comparison was also made with regards to cluster analysis findings.ResultsDespite an equal age and developmental quotient, the Down's syndrome group were less likely to demonstrate maladaptive behaviours. The behaviour characteristics of the adults with Down's syndrome remained constant in the younger and older age groups. Cluster analysis demonstrated adults with Down's syndrome to have an increased prevalence in cluster groupings with lower rates of maladaptive behaviours.ConclusionsThis study confirms there to be a behaviour phenotype among adults with Down's syndrome. The reasons for this (e.g. genetic/psychological/social) require further research. Such research may establish a better understanding of the aetiologies of maladaptive behaviours among people with learning disabilities in general.

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Durkee, T., M. Kaess, B. Floderus, V. Carli, and D. Wasserman. "FC09-06 - Adolescent internet behaviors and its correlation to depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior in European pupils." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73567-2.

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ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between adaptive, maladaptive, and pathological Internet use and mental health problems, in particular depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior among a representative sample of adolescents from different European countries.MethodsA total of 7.000 students from different European countries were recruited for the SEYLE study, a European school-based intervention study, and completed a self-report questionnaire for baseline assessment. Internet behaviors were evaluated by the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, depression by the BDI-II, self-harm by the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and suicidal behavior by the Paykel Suicide Scale.ResultsPathological Internet users, who met the criteria for Internet addiction, showed significantly higher rates of depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior compared to students with adaptive Internet use. Remarkably, there were no significant differences in depression as well as self-harm and suicidal behavior between students suffering from Internet addiction and students presenting maladaptive Internet behaviors.ConclusionThese results clearly demonstrate that students presenting either Internet addiction as well as maladaptive Internet use are more likely to suffer from depression as well as self-harm and suicidal behaviour. However, the group of students with Internet addiction and the students presenting maladaptive Internet use did not significantly differ from each other. These results suggest that not only Internet addiction, but also maladaptive Internet use, is associated with symptoms of depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior. Therefore, more attention should be paid to adolescents with maladaptive Internet use in order to early recognize depression, self-harm and suicidality in adolescence.

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Deisseroth, Karl. "Circuit dynamics of adaptive and maladaptive behaviour." Nature 505, no. 7483 (January 2014): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12982.

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Smith, Susan, David Branford, Richard A. Collacott, Sally-Ann Cooper, and Catherine McGrother. "Prevalence and Cluster Typology of Maladaptive Behaviours in a Geographically Defined Population of Adults with Learning Disabilities." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 2 (August 1996): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.2.219.

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BackgroundMaladaptive behaviours are frequently present in individuals with learning disabilities; however, their prevalence varies between studies and the aetiology, classification and most appropriate management of such behaviours remain unclear. The aims of the study were twofold: firstly to determine the prevalence of maladaptive behaviours, and secondly to develop a classification typology.MethodA population of 2202 adults with learning disabilities was surveyed to determine the prevalence of maladaptive behaviours. These were subjected on the basis of 13 behavioural characteristics to cluster analysis. The clusters were further examined in respect of secondary variables.ResultsOver 60% of individuals demonstrated the presence of at least one maladaptive behaviour and in 40% this problem was of either severe degree or frequent occurrence. Men were more likely to demonstrate physical aggression, property destruction, tantrums and verbal abuse than women. Although some severe maladaptive behaviours diminished with age, many persisted through all age groups. Six behavioural clusters were devised which demonstrated face validity and which differed in respect of demographic and developmental variables, and the prevalence of maladaptive habits and autistic symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a high prevalence of maladaptive behaviours and ‘objectionable habits’ among people with learning disabilities. A classification of behavioural symptoms may be possible on the basis of symptom clusters.

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Sherwin, C. M., C. M. Heyes, C. Leeb, and C. J. Nicol. "The effect of demonstrator reward on social learning of operant key pecking by domestic hens." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): OC2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006360.

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Social learning is said to occur when social interaction facilitates the acquisition of a novel pattern of behaviour. It usually takes the form of an experienced animal (the demonstrator) performing a behaviour such that a naive animal (the observer) subsequently expresses the same novel behaviour, earlier or more completely than it would have done using individual learning. Social learning is involved in the transmission of a great variety of behaviours, e.g. tool-use, food preferences, and has also been implicated in maladaptive behaviours such as stereotypies in voles. In studies of social learning, the observers usually see the demonstrators receive a reward for performing the required behaviour. But, the role of the reward has rarely been investigated and results have been equivocal. Understanding the role of demonstrator reward on social learning is necessary to assess the cognitive abilities of individuals of different species, and aids understanding of the transmission of maladaptive behaviours.

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Leonita, Olvie, Ahmad Yamin, and Nur Oktavia Hidayati. "Risk Behaviors of SMP-SMA-SMK Students." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.401-410.

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Maladaptive behavior among teenagers, such as increased sexual behavior, smoking, alcoholism, and drugs abuse in big cities also in other regencies in Indonesia and if there is no real intervention it can conduct a decrease on the quality of the younger generation successor of the nation. This research aim on knowing overview of students risk behaviors uses quantitative descriptive method with proportionate random sampling involving 290 respondents. The measuring instrument used was Adolescent Exploratory Behaviour and Risk Rating Scale (AEERS). This study was used by univariate analysis. Result showed that students risk behavior have a low-risk behaviors (62.1%), it is also split in high health risk behavior (59.7%) and low prosocial risk behavior (80.7%). It conclude, students have a low risk behavior, but also have high health-risk behavior and low risk towards prosocial behaviour.

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Habir, Elwathig El, Keith Marriage, Lyn Littlefield, and Kelly Pratt. "Teachers' Perceptions of Maladaptive Behaviour in Lebanese Refugee Children." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 1 (March 1994): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075850.

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Research on the psychological status of children who are refugees from war has led to varying results. Children from war conditions or who have been subject to evacuation have been shown to have relatively low levels of disturbed behaviour, have internalising symptoms of anxiety or depression, display behaviour with aggressive features, and suffer slight psychological disturbance, depending on their caretakers' response to the stressful experience. Based on the contrasting evidence and observations within an inner Melbourne Muslim school, this study aimed to determine whether more behaviour problems existed in Muslim children from Lebanese families. Compared with other war refugee Muslim immigrant children, Lebanese children were not found to be more aggressive, but were more anxious. Lebanese males displayed more inattentive behaviour at school than non-Lebanese males. Sex differences were found in adaptive functioning within Lebanese and non-Lebanese groups. Differences in school performance and adaptive functioning were found between Lebanese and normative samples when males and females were analysed separately. These results are discussed in the context of teacher expectations and perceptions of culturally acceptable behaviour.

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Clarke, D. J., H. Boer, M. C. Chung, P. Sturmey, and T. Webb. "Maladaptive behaviour in Prader-Willi syndrome in adult life." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 40, no. 2 (April 1996): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00617.x.

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Clarke, D. J., H. Boer, M. C. Chung, P. Sturmey, and T. Webb. "Maladaptive behaviour in Prader-Willi syndrome in adult life." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 40, no. 2 (December 18, 2007): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.1996.743743.x.

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Dykens, E. M., B. Shah, J. Sagun, T. Beck, and B. H. King. "Maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 46, no. 6 (September 2002): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00431.x.

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12

Putri, Dewi Eka, Budi Anna Keliat, and Yusron Nasution. "Peningkatan Respon Kognitif Dan Sosial Melalui Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy Pada Klien Perilaku Kekerasan." Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia 15, no. 3 (November 24, 2012): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jki.v15i3.27.

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AbstrakPerilaku kekerasan adalah respon kemarahan maladaptif dalam bentuk perilaku mencederai diri, orang lain dan lingkungan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran Pengaruh Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). terhadap penurunanperilaku kekerasan. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel penelitian adalah53 klien skizoprenia paranoid dengan perilaku kekerasan, terdiri atas 25 kelompok intervensi dan 28 orang kelompok kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan respon kognitif dan sosial serta penurunan respon emosi, perilaku, dan fisiologissecara bermakna (p< 0,05) pada klien yang mendapatkan REBT. REBT direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan pada klien perilakukekerasan bersama dengan tindakan keperawatan generalis.Kata Kunci: perilaku kekerasan, rational emotive behaviour therapyAbstractViolent behaviour is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by people whom treated themselves, others and theenvironment. The study aimed to explain the effect rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) in reducing violent behavioural.This research design was quasi-experimental using pre-post tests with control group. The samples of this research were 53clients with paranoid schizophrenia who showed violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clientsin control group. The Results showed significant increased cognitive as well as social responses and reduced emotionalbehavioural and physiological responses (p< 0.05) on the group who get REBT. REBT is recommended to be given to clientswith violent behaviour together with general nursing inverventiont.Keywords: violent behaviour, rational emotive behavior therapy

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Norris, Gus, and Roy Laube. "Cognitive-Behavioural Assessment and Treatment of Maladaptive Help-Seeking Behaviour in a Patient with Schizophrenia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (August 2000): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00759.x.

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Objective: Maladaptive help-seeking behaviour in psychiatric patients is a significant problem for public mental health services, yet it is not addressed in the mainstream literature. We present a report on the successful treatment of a person with schizophrenia who displayed this common dilemma for patients and clinicians. Clinical picture: A 31-year-old man with borderline intellectual functioning had a 10-year history of schizophrenia marked by negative features. He frequently presented in crisis to public mental health services, the local hospital, and his general practitioner; this resulted in excessive use of services, including admissions. Treatment: The patient was reassessed from a cognitive-behavioural perspective rather than a syndromal perspective. Specific behaviours were modified, cognitions were identified, challenged and restructured, and other service providers were provided with an alternative to admission or acute community care. Outcome: At 24 months the maladaptive behaviour remains in remission. Conclusions: Behavioural problems in persons with chronic schizophrenia may be effectively treated by reconceptualising the behaviour as distinct from the major diagnosis.

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Umeh, Kanayo. "Cognitive appraisals, maladaptive coping, and past behaviour in protection motivation." Psychology & Health 19, no. 6 (December 2004): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0887044042000196692.

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Urwin, Rosalind, and Claire Ballinger. "The Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy to Improve Functional Behaviour in Adults with Learning Disabilities: Five Single-Case Experimental Designs." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 2 (February 2005): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506800202.

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This paper describes a research project using a single-case experimental design (A-B-A), which aimed to explore the impact of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on level of engagement and maladaptive behaviour (measured through timed scores) and function (using Goal Attainment Scaling, GAS) for five learning disabled adults with tactile sensory modulation disorder. Each phase lasted 4 weeks and consisted of 24 measurements in total. Individually tailored SIT was given twice weekly for 4 weeks during the intervention phase (B), immediately prior to each individual's participation in his or her prescribed horticulture task. The changes between phases in engagement, maladaptive behaviours and function scores, measured as the difference between baselines and intervention, were analysed visually and statistically for each participant. The intervention produced significant improvements in engagement for participant four, with a highly significant deterioration in scores for all five participants on withdrawal of SIT. All the participants' maladaptive behaviour decreased significantly on the introduction of SIT. Although there was no significant change to GAS scores for four participants, participant four's score improved significantly with SIT. The withdrawal of SIT resulted in a highly significant deterioration in GAS scores for participants one, two, four and five. This study may be the first to suggest that SIT is effective in improving functional performance in adults with a learning disability with a tactile sensory modulation disorder.

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Vertongen, Robyn, Frank P. Deane, and Graeme Beaumont. "Two Year Follow-up of Behavioural Functioning in Long-Stay Chronically Mentally Ill Clients Transferred to the Community." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 4, no. 2 (1998): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001265.

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The effects of transferring 28 long-stay chronically mentally ill patients from a psychiatric hospital to community placements was evaluated. The Rehabilitation Evaluation Hall and Baker (REHAB; Baker & Hall, 1983) scale was used to assess clients' adaptive and maladaptive behavioural functioning at 12, 18 and 24 month intervals following the hospital baseline. Social contacts and inpatient readmissions were also assessed. The results showed that clients' general adaptive functioning and maladaptive behaviour, on average, remained stable across the hospital baseline and two year follow-up period. Clients with frequent social contacts were found to have significantly better adjustment on a number of the REHAB subscales and those who exhibited more maladaptive behaviour were more likely to be readmitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Overall the results were encouraging with relatively low readmission rates, however, approximately 10% of clients showed significant difficulty adjusting in the community. The implications of the findings for chronically mentally ill people and suggestions for community programmes are discussed.

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Deb, S., and David Hunter. "Psychopathology of People with Mental Handicap and Epilepsy I: Maladaptive Behaviour." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 6 (December 1991): 822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.822.

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One hundred and fifty mentally handicapped people (100 from hospital and 50 from the community) with epilepsy were studied along with an individually matched control group of 150 (100 from hospital and 50 from the community) non-epileptic mentally handicapped people. Behaviour was studied using the Profile of Abilities and Adjustment Schedule. Of the total population, 55.3% showed some type of severe behaviour problem. Although the epileptics showed slightly more severe behaviour problems than the non-epileptic group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Some differences emerged between the groups when subgroups of epileptics were studied.

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Hair, Peter, and Sarah E. Hampson. "The role of impulsivity in predicting maladaptive behaviour among female students." Personality and Individual Differences 40, no. 5 (April 2006): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.002.

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Gardiner, E., A. R. Miller, and L. M. Lach. "Family impact of childhood neurodevelopmental disability: considering adaptive and maladaptive behaviour." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 62, no. 10 (September 19, 2018): 888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12547.

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Silverman, Doris K. "Understanding maladaptive behaviour in children: The contribution of Karlen Lyons-Ruth." Infant Observation 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698030308401691.

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Sturmey, P., K. J. Burcham, and T. S. Perkins. "The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviour: its reliability and internal consistencies." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 39, no. 3 (June 1995): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00500.x.

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Pärssinen, Varpu, Kaj Hulthén, Christer Brönmark, Christian Skov, Jakob Brodersen, Henrik Baktoft, Ben B. Chapman, Lars‐Anders Hansson, and Per Anders Nilsson. "Maladaptive migration behaviour in hybrids links to predator‐mediated ecological selection." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 11 (August 23, 2020): 2596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13308.

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Cornish, K. M., F. Munir, and D. Bramble. "Adaptive and Maladaptive Behaviour in Children with Cri-du-Chat Syndrome." Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 11, no. 3 (September 1998): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1998.tb00064.x.

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Li, Daiqin, Joelyn Oh, Simona Kralj-Fišer, and Matjaž Kuntner. "Remote copulation: male adaptation to female cannibalism." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (February 2012): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1202.

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Sexual cannibalism by females and associated male behaviours may be driven by sexual conflict. One such male behaviour is the eunuch phenomenon in spiders, caused by total genital emasculation, which is a seemingly maladaptive behaviour. Here, we provide the first empirical testing of an adaptive hypothesis to explain this behaviour, the remote copulation, in a highly sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider Nephilengys malabarensis . We demonstrate that sperm transfer continues from the severed male organ into female genitals after the male has been detached from copula. Remote copulation increases the total amount of sperm transferred, and thus probably enhances paternity. We conclude that the mechanism may have evolved in response to sexual cannibalism and female-controlled short copulation duration.

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Hasking, Penelope, Stephen P. Lewis, and Mark E. Boyes. "When language is maladaptive: recommendations for discussing self-injury." Journal of Public Mental Health 18, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-01-2019-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to call on researchers and clinicians to carefully consider the terminology used when discussing non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and specifically the use of the term “maladaptive” coping. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on literature regarding stigma, language and self-injury to support the argument that the term maladaptive is inappropriate to describe self-injury. Findings Use of the term maladaptive conflates short-term effectiveness with long-term outcomes and ignores context in which the behaviour occurs. Social implications Use of the term maladaptive to describe self-injury can invalidate the person with a history of NSSI, impacting stigma and potentially help-seeking. An alternate framing focussed on specific coping strategies is offered. Originality/value Language is a powerful medium of communication that has significant influence in how society shapes ideas around mental health. In proposing a change in the way the authors’ talk about self-injury there is potential to significantly improve the wellbeing of people with lived experience of self-injury.

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Breau, Lynn M., and Chantel Burkitt. "Assessing Pain in Children with Intellectual Disabilities." Pain Research and Management 14, no. 2 (2009): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/642352.

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Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities suffer more often from pain than their typically developing peers. Their pain can be difficult to manage, and assessment is often complicated by their limited communication skills, multiple complex pain problems and the presence of maladaptive behaviours. However, current research does provide some guidance for assessing their pain. Although self-report is an alternative for a small number of higher-functioning children, observational measures have the most consistent evidence to support their use at this time. For this reason, the Non-communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version is recommended for children and youth 18 years of age or younger. However, other measures should be consulted for specific applications. Changes in function and maladaptive behaviour should also be considered as possible reflections of pain. In addition, children’s coping skills should be considered because improving these may reduce the negative impact of pain.

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Vostanis, Panos, Wai‐Ling Bickerton, Stuart Cumella, Man Cheung Chung, Caroline Winchester, and John Doran. "Mother and teacher ratings of maladaptive behaviour in children with special needs." European Journal of Special Needs Education 11, no. 1 (March 1996): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0885625960110110.

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Reiss, S. "Comments on the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviour and its factor structure." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 41, no. 4 (February 15, 2007): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00719.x.

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Pastor, Yolanda. "Psychosocial determinants of depression and maladaptive behaviour in adolescence: two tested models." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 32, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1698430.

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Collacott, Richard A., Sally-Ann Cooper, David Branford, and Catherine McGrother. "Epidemiology of self-injurious behaviour in adults with learning disabilities." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 5 (November 1998): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.5.428.

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BackgroundThere have been few epidemiological studies of the disabling and poorly understood disorder self-injurious behaviour among adults with learning disabilities.MethodInterviews were undertaken with the carers of adults known to the Leicestershire Learning Disabilities Register (n=2277). The Disability Assessment Schedule was used and information was also collected on demographic characteristics, developmental and physical status.ResultsSelf-injurious behaviour was present in 17.4% of the population. In 1.7% self-injurious behaviour occurred frequently and was severe. There was no gender difference between those with and without self-injurious behaviour. Both the chronological age and developmental quotient of individuals with self-injurious behaviour were lower than those of individuals without self-injurious behaviour. Autistic symptoms were more common among those with self-injurious behaviour. The association of self-injurious behaviour with a wide range of other maladaptive behaviours was highly significant. Logistic regression analysis retained age, developmental quotient, hearing status, immobility and number of autistic symptoms as explanatory variables for self-injurious behaviour.ConclusionsSelf-injurious behaviour is a prevalent and disabling disorder among adults with learning disabilities.

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Sumners, David, and Kevin Gournay. "Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis: A Speculative Account of an Unusual Case." Behavioural Psychotherapy 14, no. 2 (April 1986): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300014580.

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A case of “checking” obsessive compulsive neurosis in a young adult is described. It's evolution is traced from early behaviour viewed as adaptive to partial sightedness which becomes maladaptive when autonomous obsessions and rituals develop. The concepts of “preparedness” and “self-stimulatory behaviour” amongst others are used to examine possible reasons for this change. The relevance to more usual cases where no predisposing handicap exists is discussed.

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Bhaumik, Sabyasachi, David Branford, Catherine McGrother, and Catherine Thorp. "Autistic traits in adults with learning disabilities." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 6 (June 1997): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.6.502.

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BackgroundAlthough many adults with learning disabilities show features of autistic syndrome, there have been very few population-based studies. We explored the prevalence of autistic traits and their association with maladaptive behaviours in a geographically defined population of adults with learning disabilities.MethodThe carers of 220l adults with learning disabilities were interviewed, and information was sought concerning aspects of their behaviour and ability. Individuals were scored according to the number of core autistic traits displayed. The prevalence of autistic traits was examined in respect of aspects of behaviour and ability.ResultsAutistic traits were common among adults with learning disabilities. Those with a higher number of autistic traits were more likely to be profoundly learning disabled and demonstrate awide range of challenging behaviours.ConclusionsMany adults with learning disabilities demonstrate autistic traits. The relationship of autistic traits with challenging behaviour has major implications in service planning and delivery.

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Mughal, R., and D. Dimitriou. "Sleep, maladaptive behaviour and language acquisition in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders." Sleep Medicine 40 (December 2017): e231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.675.

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Bowen, Isla, and Margaret Gerry. "Changes in adaptive and maladaptive behaviour of clients in community-based residential facilities." Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities 20, no. 4 (January 1995): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07263869500035631.

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Hartley, S. L., D. M. Sikora, and R. McCoy. "Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 52, no. 10 (October 2008): 819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01065.x.

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Kobori, Osamu, Glen Dighton, and Rachael Hunter. "Does perfectionism impact adherence to homework assignment? A preliminary pilot study of perfectionism and procrastination of CBT homework." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465819000547.

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AbstractBackground:Homework assignments are generally viewed as an important factor of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT).Aim:This study examined whether perfectionists procrastinate homework assignments.Method:Thirty-eight university students attended two sessions, 7 days apart from each other. After completing perfectionism scales at the first session, they were asked to complete homework tasks from a self-help wellbeing booklet and return the booklet at session 2.Results:Only maladaptive facets of perfectionism correlated with most of the behavioural measures of procrastination. Moreover, those high in maladaptive perfectionism set and completed fewer planned activities to improve their mood.Conclusions:These findings suggest that perfectionism may affect how clients set their homework, and perfectionism may interfere with the homework assignments of CBT.

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Abyeta, Suzanne, and James Forest. "Relationship of Role-Playing Games to Self-Reported Criminal Behaviour." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1991): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1187.

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Fantasy role-playing games have been portrayed by the media and various social organizations as being linked to, and causing, socially maladaptive behaviour including criminality. Based on this social perception it was hypothesized that role-playing experience should be positively correlated with self-reported criminality. 20 experienced role-playing gamers and 25 nonplayers completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire, and a 20-item criminality measure. Regression analysis indicated that role-playing experience did not relate to self-reported criminality; however, Psychoticism, which was higher in the nonplayers, did predict criminality.

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Boz, Berkcan, and Olcay Kiremitci. "So called athletic identity, incompatible with reality: Static identity structure, status transitions and health behaviour dynamics in student athletes." Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2021.7.1.6918.

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The aim of the present study is to examine the athletic identity, status transitions and health-related behavioral dynamics of student athletes. Descriptive survey model was used and 398 individuals participated in the present study. Data was collected by Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), information form, ranking and closed-ended qualitative questions. According to findings, it was found that the students' downright transitions increased in processes. On the contrary, ANOVA analyses show no differences in athletic identity scores according to grade levels (p>.05). An increase was seen in maladaptive health behaviors (p<.05). Additionally, maladaptive health behaviors increase after sport termination and beginning of university. It was concluded as a result of the study that individuals' acceptance of athletic identity becomes continuous in spite of the changes in their sport participation status; however, health behaviors are not compatible with the continuity of athletic identity.

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Kannis-Dymand, Lee, Emily Hughes, Kate Mulgrew, Janet D. Carter, and Steven Love. "Examining the roles of metacognitive beliefs and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism in depression and anxiety." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000144.

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AbstractBackground:Metacognition and perfectionism are factors found to be associated with both anxiety and depression. A common component that underlies these factors is the influence of perseverance, or the tendency to continue a behaviour or thought even if it is no longer productive.Aims:This study aimed to investigate the relationships between metacognitive beliefs with maladaptive aspects of perfectionism (i.e. perseverance behaviours), and their relation to anxiety and depression.Method:Participants (n = 1033) completed six self-report questionnaires measuring metacognitive beliefs about rumination and worry, perseverance, anxiety and depression. Data were analysed using correlational testing, and structural equation modelling.Results:Results of structural equation modelling revealed that positive metacognitive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking increased the likelihood to perceive the thinking as uncontrollable, and that perseverance behaviours were predicted by all metacognitive beliefs. Furthermore, examination of partial correlations revealed that both negative metacognitive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking and perseverance behaviours predicted anxiety and depression; however, negative metacognitive beliefs were the strongest predictor, in both cases.Conclusions:The results provided support for current metacognitive models, in that the interpretation of cognitive perseveration sequentially influences psychopathology, but also provided insight into the inclusion of perseveration behaviours. Furthermore, the findings may also have value in a clinical setting, as targeting metacognitive beliefs in the presence of perseverance type behaviours may prove beneficial for treatment.

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Cooper, Sally-Ann. "Behaviour disorders in adults with learning disabilities: Effect of age and differentiation from other psychiatric disorders." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 15, no. 1 (March 1998): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700004614.

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AbstractObjective: To clarify the effect of age on behaviour disorders in adults with learning disabilities, and the differentiation of behaviour disorders from other psychiatric disorders.Method: Detailed assessments, measuring maladaptive behaviours, psychiatric disorders and demographic factors were completed on 93.7% of all people with learning disabilities aged 65 years and over, living in Leicestershire, UK (n = 134), and also a random sample of adults with learning disabilities aged 20-64 years (n = 73). Behaviour disorders were distinguished from other psychiatric disorders. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated.Result: Equal rates (15%) and types of behaviour disorder were found in the two groups. The presence of behaviour disorder was associated with the severity of learning disabilities, but age was not associated, and nor was presence of epilepsy or gender. In many cases, positive scores on the behavioural assessment, which carers attributed to challenging behaviour/ behaviour disorder, were actually symptoms of psychiatric illness.Conclusion: Behaviour disorders persist into old age, and therefore require management from the appropriate services. This need will increase, due to increasing lifespan. The accurate interpretation of behaviour scales requires that a comprehensive psychiatric assessment is also undertaken, particularly in elderly people where rates of psychiatric disorders are higher than for younger adults.

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Zentall, Thomas R., and Jessica Stagner. "Maladaptive choice behaviour by pigeons: an animal analogue and possible mechanism for gambling (sub-optimal human decision-making behaviour)." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1709 (October 13, 2010): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1607.

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Condon, John T. "Type a Coronary-Prone Behaviour Pattern and Pathological Narcissism." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048678709160895.

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Type A coronary-prone behaviour pattern exhibits many of the features of neurotic repetition compulsion. Thus, it is often maladaptive and tends to be compulsive, inflexible, irrational and ultimately non-satisfying. There is a notable similarity between the descriptions of Type A individuals in the behavioural literature and narcissistic individuals in the psychoanalytic literature. It is postulated that Type A individuals may have a deficient self-representation. This psychodynamic formulation of Type A as a variant of pathological narcissism has implications for assessment, prevention and management. In particular, it may help discriminate a sub-group of high achievers who are neurotically motivated and have abnormally high arousal. Only this sub-group may be at increased risk of coronary pathology.

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Ferrie, CD, C. Madigan, K. Tilling, M. N. Maisey, P. K. Marsden, and R. O. Robinson. "Adaptive and maladaptive behaviour in children with epileptic encephalopathies: correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 39, no. 9 (September 29, 2008): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07494.x.

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Dykens, E. M., and A. C. M. Smith. "Distinctiveness and correlates of maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Smith-Magenis syndrome." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 42, no. 6 (December 1998): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.4260481.x.

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Weiss, J. A., V. Ting, and A. Perry. "Psychosocial correlates of psychiatric diagnoses and maladaptive behaviour in youth with severe developmental disability." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 60, no. 6 (April 13, 2016): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12278.

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Novelle, Marta G. "Decoding the Role of Gut-Microbiome in the Food Addiction Paradigm." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136825.

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Eating behaviour is characterised by a solid balance between homeostatic and hedonic regulatory mechanisms at the central level and highly influenced by peripheral signals. Among these signals, those generated by the gut microbiota have achieved relevance in recent years. Despite this complex regulation, under certain circumstances eating behaviour can be deregulated becoming addictive. Although there is still an ongoing debate about the food addiction concept, studies agree that patients with eating addictive behaviour present similar symptoms to those experienced by drug addicts, by affecting central areas involved in the control of motivated behaviour. In this context, this review tries to summarise the main data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in eating behaviour and how a gut dysbiosis can be responsible for a maladaptive behaviour such as “food addiction”.

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Dua, Jagdish. "Assessment of Positive and Negative Affect as a Result of Thoughts and Real-life Experiences." Behaviour Change 7, no. 2 (June 1990): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007233.

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Cognitive behaviour therapists have argued that certain types of maladaptive thoughts cause affective distress and psychological problems faced by the individuals. The paper reports on a scale which assesses the degree to which peoples' thoughts and real-life experiences cause negative affect and positive affect (the THARL Scale). The Scale has been found to be a reliable and valid instrument.

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Paes, Anna. "Self-harm in adolescence." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 10, no. 4 (January 18, 2017): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738016673861.

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Self-harm in adolescents is not only an important public health concern but also a prevalent maladaptive behaviour. The behaviour is poorly understood, and these young people still face stigma within our health service, as well as in society. To date, their management has been inadequate, due to some unhelpful attitudes, patchy provision of services and lack of training. This article aims to increase awareness and understanding of why adolescents self-harm, the importance of risk assessment, and how to provide appropriate support and care in general practice.

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Haugen, Tommy, Jan F. Riesen, Ketil Østrem, Rune Høigaard, and Martin K. Erikstad. "The Relationship between Motivational Climate and Personal Treatment Satisfaction among Young Soccer Players in Norway: The Moderating Role of Supportive Coach-Behaviour." Sports 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8120162.

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Motivational climate and coach-behaviour seem important to understand sport involvement and participation. However, less is known about the potential interaction between these facets, and how it relates to athlete satisfaction. This study’s purpose is to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, supportive coach-behaviour, and athletes’ personal treatment satisfaction among young soccer players. More specifically, we investigated the moderating effect of supportive coach-behaviour on the relationship between motivational climate and personal treatment satisfaction. Five hundred and thirty-two players (Mean age = 15.4 years, SD = 1.2) attending a Norwegian national soccer tournament participated in the study. Self-completion questionnaires were used to attain data. A linear regression analysis revealed that mastery of climate and supportive coach-behaviour were positively associated with personal treatment satisfaction. A negative association was found between performance climate and personal treatment satisfaction. Further, moderation analyses revealed that supportive coach-behaviour moderated the relationship between performance climate and personal treatment satisfaction. The findings indicate that a performance climate may not be as maladaptive when coaches provide supportive behaviour. The findings highlight the value of a further examination of the interaction between motivational climate and coaching behaviours, and its potential relations to young athlete’s sport experience.

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Wasserman, D., Y. Ben-Efraim, J. Wasserman, and M. Sokolowski. "FC13-03 - Stress, suicidal behaviour and genes." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73588-x.

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According to a stress diathesis model, genes and environment, as well as possible interactions in-between (GxE), may result in vulnerability towards suicidal behaviors (SB), characterized by behavioral trigger endophenotypes such as increased depression-intensity and aggression/ anger/ impulsivity. Excessive stress has the potential to induce unfavorable effects in a variety of higher brain-functions, incurred as side effects to maladaptive responses in the genetically controlled stress-responsive neurosystems e.g. in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA-axis dysregulation is regarded as an endophenotype of depression-, anxiety- and alcohol abuse disorders, commonly found also in suicide behaviors. Various neurobiological alterations, suggesting abnormal HPA-axis activity and reactivity, have also been demonstrated to occur in suicidal behaviors incl. completed suicides. The HPA axis is a major systemic stress-modulator being mainly controlled by the regulatory corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene. An overview will be presented of the role of the HPA axis in suicidal behaviors with a focus on CRHR1 gene.

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