Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladie cérébrovasculaire'
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Daviet, Jean-Christophe. "Facteurs prédictifs du devenir vital et fonctionnel d’une cohorte d’hémiplégiques vasculaires : conséquences sur les modalités de prise en charge." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/79737b65-cfe6-4b35-bc58-b9a5316fa823/blobholder:0/2004LIMO310E.pdf.
Full textSince few years in France, stroke care is a priority of public health. The Ministry of Health gave recommendations for a national management and care of stroke patients. In this way, we performed studies to determine early predictive factors of functional outcome and to evaluate their impact on stroke care organisation. We conducted an observational cohort study including a population of 156 first hemispherical stroke. This work concluded, in accordance with previous studies, that early predictive factors of poor functional outcome at D360 were: severity of motor deficit, severity of the disabilities evaluated by the Barthel index, initial loss of consciousness, neuropsychological disorders, urinary incontinence, prestroke myocardial infarction and prestroke disabilities. Age itself did not seem to be predictive factor. We have studied more specifically the impact of urinary disorders. To organise post-acute stroke care, we used criteria according to a national guideline recommended by the French Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and by the Ministry of Health for a national management and care of stroke patients. Thus, we observed that the impact of early predictive factors of poor functional outcome on discharge must be considered in relation with family status. Family status had an important influence on discharge modalities and home return. Complementary works were conducted concerning individual treatments, especially the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS I). A first prospective case-series study, including 71 hemiplegic patients, shown that the CRPS I severity and its progression were strongly correlated with the hemiplegia severity. The CRPS I progression was more influenced by hemiplegia evolution than by specific treatments. Two others studies, including 60 patients, shown that measurement of transcutaneous oxygen tension did not seem to be sufficiently reproducible for application to a pathology such as the CRPS I. Actually, their is no complementary exploration to evaluate CRPS I after stroke. The field of rehabilitation has seen several stroke rehabilitation guidelines published in recent years with very little work done on describing the implementation phase or the impact of using these guidelines on clinical
Masse, Isabelle. "Les agents hypolipémiants (fibrates, statines) : approche expérimentale et clinique des effets protecteurs dans les pathologies ischémiques et dégénératives." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S048.
Full textBest knowledge of metabolic pathway involved in Alzheimer and stroke pathogenesis leads to new therapeutic approach to induce neuroprotection. The pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidants effects, were described for lipid lowering agents (LLAs). First we investigate in an observational study whether LLAs are associated with a slower cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Patients treated with lipid lowering agents had a slower decline on the MMSE (1. 5/year, p=0. 0102) than patients with untreated dyslipemia (2. 4), or normolipemic patients (2. 6). Patients with a slower decline were more likely to be treated with LLAs. Logistic regression analysis, with low annual cognitive decline as dependant variable, showed that the independent variable LLAs was positively associated with the probability of lower cognitive decline (OR=0. 45, p=0. 002). Second, we aim to determine clinical and pharmacological factors taht could influence the initial severity and short term outcom of cerebral ischemia. 362 consecutive patients were included in a cross-sectional hospital-based study of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Independent factors associated with a lower severity measured on the NIH scale at admission were previous leisure-time physical activity (OR=1. 67), TIA (OR=2. 28) and treatment with lipid lowering agents (OR=1. 76). Third, 1 week after reperfusion, we observed in rats submitted to cerebral ischemia, appearance of amyloid peptide immunoreactivity associated with decreased performance on place recognition task of Y-maze. Fenofibrate allows to prevent partially these alterations : a trend for decreased cognitive impairment and amyloid peptide immunoreactivity and a significant reduction of infarct size
Desmidt, Thomas. "Physiologie cardiaque et cérébrovasculaire dans la dépression." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3320.
Full textDepression and cardiovascular diseases are related but the physiopathology of this association is unclear. Heart rate variability (HRV) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) could account for this association but their involvement remains controversial and only some symptoms of depression, anhedonia and emotional hyporeactivity (EH), seem to be involved. In addition, some methodological obstacles have so far limited the assessment of cardiac and cerebrovascular reactivity in anhedonia and EH. In this work, we establish using two distinct protocols 1) that cerebrovascular changes in depression can be assessed using a new ultrasound technique (Tissue Pulsatility Imaging - TPI) and 2) that HRV and emotional anticipation, as a key process in EH, are associated. Our results suggest that anhedonia and EH in depression can be characterized by a blunted emotional anticipation which is associated with a decreased HRV and a cerebral ED
Bourassa, Philippe. "Étude des altérations cérébrovasculaires dans la maladie d’Alzheimer à partir d’échantillons enrichis en microvaisseaux cérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66309.
Full textTrabucco-Miguel, Sandra. "La "theory of mind" dans l'accident vasculaire cérébral." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10059.
Full textSocial intelligence and theory of mind (ToM) may reveal difficulties in social adaptation after stroke. Such difficulties may result in social and professional difficulties, leading to disturb young patients' way of life. Objective: To assess social and professional difficulties, return to work at one year, and analyze the causes. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in 74 non demented patients age-matched to 74 controls, age from 16 to 65 years, who suffered a mild to moderate stroke more than 3 months (Rankin <3). Social professional and relational difficulties were assessed using the WSAS, return to work at one year, extensive neuropsychological evaluation, and tests, questionnaries and scales to evaluate theory of mind. Results: WSAS was increased in 70,3'Yo patients and return to work was observed in 54,4'Yo. Both were predicted by depression, spatial working memoryand "faux-Pas" test to reasoning about mental states by integrating contextual and historical information about a pers on Anatomoclinical analysis showed that every theory of mind tasks were impaired in superficial middle cerebral artery strokes or in patients with lesion located in the theory of mind neuronal network, including either right superior temporal sulcus or right prefrontal cortex. The only one to be impaired, whatever stroke location, was the "faux-Pas" test, suggesting a metarepresentational process. Anxietv and depression increased theorv of mind impairment
Cowppli-Bony, Kwassy Pascale Ahou. "Epidémiologie de la démence : facteurs de risque vasculaire, accident vasculaire cérébral et risque de démence." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21503.
Full textIn France for some years, public health strategies for dementia namely Alzheimer disease (AD), is more and more recognized as a necessary priority. Prevention of incident cases of dementia and medico social management of demented patients are key points of these strategies. Vascular risk factors (VRF) are more and more evocated for a contribution to AD pathogenesis which to date remains unclear. So VRF are a hope for the prevention of AD which is the most frequent type of dementia. However an important question remains debate : Do VRF have a "direct" influence on AD risk or do they have only an "indirect" influence on this risk with vascular disease as a stroke ? The diagnosis of AD at an early stage which has potential advantage for the patient and his family is mainly based on the generalist practitioner. This thesis of epidemiology assess in a french population, (1) the influence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking and stroke on the risk of incident dementia (2) the validity of a neuropsychological memory test for the screening of AD which could be used by the general practitioner
Narme, Pauline. "Etude des processus d'empathie : architecture cognitive et intérêt clinique dans le champ des pathologies neurologiques." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED005.
Full textGohier, Jacques. "Aspects évolutifs des cavernomes intra-craniens : à propos de sept observations." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3019.
Full textCossi, Marie-Joëlle. "Charge des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux (AVC) à Cotonou (Bénin) : études originales sur l'épidémiologie, les connaissances, les expériences de la maladie et l'itinéraire thérapeutique des survivants d'AVC." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3df4652b-120e-4fb3-882e-33b24ea85df6/blobholder:0/2012LIMO310A.pdf.
Full textA series of three studies were conducted in an urban population of Cotonou (Benin) in order to collect relevant information of the epidemiology of stroke. The objective of the first study was to measure the prevalence of stroke, the objective of the second was to determine knowledge and perceptions of stroke and in the last study, the objective was to describe the experience and the therapeutic itinerary of stroke survivors. The studies was cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical and they helped achieved all the goals mentioned above. The prevalence study was conducted door-to-door, in a population of 15,155 individuals with a modified version of the WHO protocol for neurological disorders. The survey on the knowledge and perceptions of stroke was conducted on the previously mentioned population with a tool made from a review of the literature on the subject. The study on the experience of the disease was conducted with the EMIC on the population of 70 stroke survivors confirmed by the prevalence study. The prevalence of stroke was estimated at 4. 6/1,000 and remains higher than the prevalence reported for the region. Stroke is not well known by the people of Cotonou. Fourteen percent (14. 1%) know that the brain is the organ affected in case of stroke, 34. 5% were aware that hypertension is a risk factor for stroke and 34. 4% think that warning symptom of stroke is paralysis or hemiplegia. This result is not surprising when compared to other studies. The majority of these studies show a lack of awareness of stroke in populations of developed countries as well as in developing countries. Life after stroke is made of suffering among the survivors explained by disturbing physical and emotional symptoms. This observation made in all stroke survivors in general is exacerbated in the population of survivors of Cotonou, probably because of their youth, but also their lack of financial and moral resources to deal with the disease. The results of these studies reinforce ideas about the epidemic of cardiovascular disease announced in the coming decades. They must be the basis for the establishment of extensive research and action plan on stroke in Benin
Saint-Marcoux, Franck. "Pharmacocinétique et suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique de la ciclosporine en transplantation d'organes solides." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5c456b72-6d49-47eb-bb9d-71eb36e0563f/blobholder:0/2004LIMO310B.pdf.
Full textCyclosporine (CsA) is the keystone of immunosuppression in transplant recipients, and its Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is consensually recommended. However, very few pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were published for CsA and the tools designed for the TDM of this drug are scarce. Even fewer population pharmacokinetic (PKpop) studies have been reported so far, which is mainly due to the lack of PK models that fit the particular absorption profiles of this drug. Our studies, based on a large database from different clinical pharmacokinetic trials, compared different PK models to deal with CsA absorption profiles obtained in renal, lung (with or without Cystic Fibrosis) and heart transplants, whether adults or pediatrics. Using NONMEM program, the pharmacokinetics of CsA were adequately described by models combining an Erlang distribution to describe the absorption phase and a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. These models were more accurate than models with zero-order or first-order absorption, even with a time-lag parameter. This is certainly due to a greater flexibility of the Erlang distribution in modeling flat or delayed PK profiles frequently observed in the populations studied herein. The PKpop studies identified several covariates as sources of variability on CsA PK parameters: type of graft, time elapsed post-transplantation, cystic fibrosis and body weight. Using the developed PKpop models as priors, different Bayesian estimators were set up and validated in independent groups of patients. On the basis of limited sampling strategies, these tools allowed accurate estimations of CsA PKs and exposure indices (AUC0-12h). Moreover, the selected LSS are clinically applicable as they only require a 3h-or 4h-stay in hospital. They could be helpful for conducting prospective studies, such as exposure-controlled studies, for optimizing TDM and individual CsA dosage regimens in transplant patients
Roy, Vincent. "Modélisation de maladies cérébrovasculaires associées aux variations génétiques de RNF213 par le génie tissulaire et la culture cellulaire 3D." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67126.
Full textRNF213 has been associated as a susceptibility gene for the development cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), in particular, moyamoya disease (MMD) and intracranial aneurysms (ICA). While the exact biological functions of RNF213 remain to be demonstrated, it is known to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the development of vascular models in vitro to better characterize the role of RNF213 in CVDs. The hypothesis is that the complete invalidation of the RNF213 protein in brain endothelial cells (EC) could recreate evident phenotypes associated with the development of MMD and the formation of ICA. We have initially generated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) deficient in RNF213 (RNF213-/- ) using the robust CRISPR-Cas9 double nickase method. At first, our work described the role that RNF213 would play in the homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance and in the early stages of MMD pathogenesis. More specifically, the loss of adherent junctions caused by the invalidation of RNF213 in hCMEC/D3 was evaluated in vitro on several parameters, such as endothelial morphology, gene expression of junctional proteins, cellular localization, permeability, immune infiltration and the secretome of inflammatory cytokines. Our data demonstrated that RNF213 deficiency provokes a significant decrease in the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) expression, which consequently affects the proper formation of the junctional complex. A decrease in the expression of the claudin-5, b-catenin and plakoglobin genes was also measured. In addition, RNF213 loss is accompanied with a release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thereafter, the present work also demonstrated that RNF213 plays a preponderant role in the angiogenic process of hCMEC/D3. Angiogenesis has also been characterized on several aspects, such as proliferation, migration, formation of micro-capillaries on a Matrigel®-based support and in a 3D model reconstructed by tissue engineering, gene expression and secretion of angiogenic factors. Our data demonstrates a decrease in cell division rate and an increase in cell migration. In vitro studies have also shown, for the first time, a significant increase in micro-capillary formation and abundant secretion of pro-angiogenic factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). More precisely, the hCMEC/D3 deficient in RNF213 forms a wider, denser and more extensive network of micro-capillaries on a Matrigel®-based support. When seeded in a more structurally complex 3D model, hCMEC/D3 form a network that can resemble to the compensatory capillary network found in MMM patients. Overall, the invalidation of the RNF213 gene in a 3D in vitro model of cerebral endothelial cells makes it possible to reproduce certain pathological phenotypes of MMM and v therefore becomes the 1st in vitro model for the study of this disease and other diseases associated with RNF213. Finally, we developed a new model of small-caliber blood vessels reconstructed by tissue engineering (TEBV) to be used to study vascular diseases and complex CVD in vitro. The direct seeding of fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells (CML) onto a polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) mandrel that was pretreated with ultraviolet C (UV-C) radiation facilitate the formation of circular cell sheets, which could be manipulated and stacked in top of each other. Using this novel technique, we were able to successfully generate complete TEBVs with the three main arterial layers: the adventitia, the media and the intima tunica. Taken together, our TEBV model has histological and mechanical properties similar to native human arteries. Furthermore, this optimized and standardized 3D vascular construct will accelerate the scientific progress to modelized complex vascular pathologies, such as MMD and AIC. Indeed, the generation of complete vessels derived from pathological cells or genetically edited cells could facilitate the characterization of pathogenesis and help in the development of drugs.
Bergez, Anne. "Les angiopathies amyloi͏̈des cérébrales : analyse de treize observations et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M037.
Full textLartaud, Isabelle. "Régulation du débit sanguin cérébral au cours du vieillissement chez le rat : effet d'une inhibition chronique de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine I." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T012.
Full textGrimaud, Olivier. "Inégalités sociales face au risque d'accident vasculaire cérébral en France." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066399.
Full textThe level of scientific attention received by stroke is low given the high burden this disease exerts on society. In this research we study the epidemiology of stroke in France, and more specifically its distribution across socioeconomic groups. From the ecological analysis of the Dijon stroke registry, we identified a gradient of increasing stroke incidence as neighborhood socioeconomic status decreases. In a cross-sectional analysis of the 3C study data, we found that both individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status are independently associated with the thickness of the carotid arterial wall of participants, a marker of atherosclerosis progression. Therefore, despite their lower frequency in France, cerebrovascular diseases still follow the universal pattern of social inequalities. Results from these two studies also suggest that different causal pathways may lead to social inequalities in stroke risk across gender. Another analysis of the 3C study shows a positive association between socioeconomic status (as measured by self-declared income) and ischemic stroke incidence. This unexpected result illustrates the methodological challenges one faces when studying social inequalities in a sample of elderly, among which survival selection and competing risks. Existence of social inequalities in stroke risk questions the ability of primary health care to prevent them, as well as the opportunity to reduce them via secondary health care. The last is a very topical question since the advent of stroke units and the development of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke have revolutionized stroke care in the last two decades
Pico, Fernando Martin. "Etude multidisciplinaire (clinique, biologique, morphologique par imagerie et anatomo-pathologie) de patients atteints d'une dolichoectasie artérielle intracrânienne et d'un accident vasculaire cérébral." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D045.
Full textIntracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is a rare arterial disease of unknown mechanism, associated with brain infarction. We showed, by two different studies (510 patients with brain infarction at brain MRI and 381 post mortem examinations) that the frequency of IADE was 12 and 6 %, respectively. Age, gender, hypertension and history of myocardial infarction were associated with IADE. Carotid atherosclerosis was not related with IADE in contrast to coronary arterial ectasia and enlargement of descending thoracic aorta. Small vessel disease and lacunar infarction(s) were more frequent in patients with IADE, independently from vascular risk factors. Dysfunction of matrix metalloproteinases of the extra cellular matrix is under investigation
Bredent-Bangou, Jacqueline. "Analyse épidémiologique des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire en Guadeloupe." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28828.
Full textGafsi, Martin Patricia. "Recommandations pour une prise en charge "idéalisée" de l'AVC : revue et synthèse bibliographique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M070.
Full textBouressam, Marie Lynda. "Importance de la S-nitrosation des récepteurs cérébrovasculaires de l’angiotensine II." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0067/document.
Full textStroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the development of new therapeutics is thus urgent. Two actors play a major role in the regulation of cerebral circulation: nitric oxide (NO) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The first chapter of this manuscript focuses on NO, its role and its signaling pathways. We present the available NO donors as well as those in development. Dinitrosobucillamine, a new NO donor developed in our team, is evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The second part of the introduction focuses on RAS and its preponderant role in blood pressure maintenance and cerebrovascular regulation. We present the angiotensin II (AngII) receptors, AT1 and AT2 responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation of cerebral arteries, respectively. Finally, the last part presents the regulation of AngII receptors by NO, in particular through S-nitrosation of the receptors, the covalent bound between NO and cysteine residues. We present the work of Leclerc, showing that exposure of cells overexpressing AT1 to NO causes a decrease in AngII affinity for AT1 (Leclerc et al., 2006). The second chapter is devoted to the experimental studies. The objective of this work is to study the importance of AngII receptor S-nitrosation at the cerebrovascular level. First, we address the current problematic concerning the nonspecificity of anti-AT1 antibodies. We show here that the new monoclonal anti-AT1 antibody, which is supposed to be more specific, does not recognize AT1 in western blot and immunofluorescence, making its use impossible. We then make a pharmacological demonstration of S-nitrosation effects on AngII receptors. We show that exposure to NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione or sodium nitroprusside) specifically abolishes AT1-mediated vasoconstriction compared to other vasoconstrictors sharing or not its signaling pathway. Moreover, this exposure also abolishes AT1-mediated AngII-independent myogenic tone, suggesting an alteration on the receptor itself. We also show that this effect (i) does not depend on endogenous NO, (ii) is mediated by S-nitrosation rather than by the cGMP/sGC pathway. Finally, we study AT1 internalization by flow cytometry on a heterologous model of AT1 expression. Our results show that GSNO does not alter AT1 cell surface localization and does not prevent its internalization, indicating that the ß-arrestin pathway is not impacted by nitrosation
Cognat, Emmanuel. "Lésions de la substance blanche dans la maladie CADASIL." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC139/document.
Full textCADASIL is an autosomal dominant, hereditary, small vessel disease of the brain causing early and progressive white matter lesions. The histopathological characteristics of these lesions remain poorly known. The disease is caused by stereotyped mutations in the gene coding for the NOTCH3 receptor. One of CADASIL hallmarks is the presence in vessels of an abnormal accumulation of NOTCH3 extracellular domain (NOTCH3ECD). Data suggest that CADASIL pathophysiological process may be caused by a toxic effect resulting from NOTCH3ECD deposits, due to an abnormal recruitment of other extracellular matrix components. However, it has been shown that CADASIL mutations differentially affect Notch3 signaling, constitutively or progressively. The latter observations led scientists to propose the hypothesis that Notch3 loss of function may play an important role in CADASIL pathogenesis.We conducted a detailed white matter analysis in a CADASIL mouse model that overexpresses a Notch3 allele with the R169C/R170C mutation and that recapitulates the preclinical stages of the disease (TgPACNotch3R169C). In this model, we observed intramyelinic edema associated with myelin degradation / decompaction detectable by immunochemistry in the brain of mice as young as 6 months of age. Axonal integrity analysis in myelin lesions suggested that axonal loss may appear secondarily. A semi-quantitative method for the quantification of myelin debris has been developed.Next, we tested the hypothesis that Notch3 loss of function might play a key role in CADASIL pathophysiology. We first identified a set of genes that are sensitive to a reduction in Notch3 dosage by half. Quantification of these genes expression in both heterozygous and homozygous mice Knock-in for the R170C mutation showed that Notch3 activity was not lowered in this model. In addition, we analyzed the effect of a suppression of endogenous Notch3 copies on white matter lesions observed in TgPACNotch3R169C mice and observed no worsening of these lesions. Together these results suggest that hypomorphism is not a feature common to all CADASIL mutations, and that white matter lesions in CADASIL do no result from Notch3 loss of function.Finally, we studied the pathogenic effect of Timp3 and vitronectine accumulation, both proteins having been shown to accumulate with NOTCH3ECD early in the course of the disease. By the use of genetic interaction approaches (lowering and increase in Timp3 and vitronectine in TgPACNotch3R169C mice), we observed differential effects of the proteins on white matter lesions and cerebrovascular reactivity impairment. Indeed, vitronectine lowering improves white matter lesions without any effect on cerebrovascular reactivity while Timp3 diminution restores cerebrovascular reactivity without any effect on white matter lesions. These results provide proof of concept for the implication of TIMP3 and vitronectin excess in CADASIL pathogenesis and questions the dogma that make hypoperfusion the main determinant of white matter lesions in CADASIL
Delhaume, Olivier. "Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux au centre hospitalier général d'Alés : bilan et perspectives." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11075.
Full textClement-Defay, Catherine. "L'âge supérieur à 80 ans constitue-t-il un facteur déterminant des modalités de prise en charge de l'accident vasculaire cérébral : etude prospective du devenir à 6 mois." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET6216.
Full textTalichet, Anne-Isabelle. "Les accidents artériels ischémiques cérébraux de la femme jeune : à propos de 46 observations de femmes de 16 à 45 ans, recueillies dans un service de neurologie au CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13017.
Full textZhou, Zhou. "Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux (AVC) : conséquences fonctionnelles et dysphagie associée." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7255d56f-627c-483c-831e-f8f1ea485968/blobholder:0/2009LIMO310B.pdf.
Full textStroke is a major public health problem throughout the world, associated with a high mortality, disability rate and financial burden. At the present time, stroke is the second leading cause of death, representing 10% of all deaths worldwide, and half of the survivors suffer sequelae to various extents, which causes a high indirect socio-economic burden after stroke. The profiles and trends of stroke vary between high-income countries and low to middle income countries. By contrast to the benign trends observed in high-income countries, low to middle income countries bear a larger burden of stroke, due to the health transition with insufficient prevention. Incidence of stroke has increased 100% in these countries, by contrast, a reduction of 42% in high-income countries. Of 5. 7 million deaths of stroke in 2005, 87% were in low to middle income countries. In acute stroke, substantial benefits of organized stroke rehabilitation and prevention and management of medical complications, such as dysphagia, have been recognized. However, the accessibility to these platforms is often limited due to the financial and technological restrictions in low to middle income countries. During this thesis, a comparative epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate the consequences of this inaccessibility. Two medium-sized cities were chosen for comparison, Kunming and Limoges, respectively from two representative countries, China and France. During one year, patients hospitalized within 48 hours for first-ever hemispheric stroke were included, the functional outcome were evaluated by Barthel Index after 3 months. Our studies then concerned the management of dysphagia which is a common and severe complication post stroke. We posed and validated a clinical screening scale of dysphagia, and evaluated the effectiveness of cough, mechanism of protection of respiratory tract. The results showed that less functional recovery in the Kunming patients, partly due to the restricted access to rehabilitation. The consequences would have more impact as these patients were younger and more engaged in professional activities than were the patients of Limoges. The studies on dysphagia showed physical signs and ingestion test are complementary in the screening of aspiration, providing an efficient bedside method. The effectiveness of cough was reduced at the time of greatest risk of pneumonia and associated with aspiration. A bedside clinical test was proposed to evaluate cough effectiveness. Health economics research on the benefit of the rehabilitation, with association of studies of validation of these clinical screening approaches, should be continued to promote the installation of rehabilitation and improve the management of acute stroke in low to middle income countries
Labrande, Christelle. "Neuroprotection et thérapie cellulaire : deux approches expérimentales dans le traitement des accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22959.
Full textDronne, Marie-Aimée. "Modélisation de l'accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique et de ses approches thérapeutiques." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10229.
Full textSarrot-Reynauld, Françoise. "Influence de la comorbidité sur le pronostic des accidents vasculaires cérébraux : de l'intuition à la modélisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE19011.
Full textPariente, Jérémie. "Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle, deux applications : récupération motrice après un AVC, déclin cognitif dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30180.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine to which extent the cortical network activated during an activation paradigm was altered by serotonin reuptake inhibitor after a stroke or at an early stage of Alzheimer disease. We have shown in a double blinded placebo fMRI study that SSRIs -fluoxetine and paroxetine- were able to modulate both motricity and the motor cortical network in healthy volunteers and stroke patients. We have also investigated the neuronal substrate of the placebo effect -anterior cingulum, DLPFC and opioid system- in a PET study involving patients suffering of a chronic painful condition. Finally, we have compared in an event related fMRI study Alzheimer disease patients and matched controls while performing a paired associative learning task. We have shown that patients hyperactivated a cortical network in order to compensate for the cognitive decline
Castell, Jean-François. "Les angiomes caverneux intra-craniens : étude de 21 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23068.
Full textDuperron, Marie-Gabrielle. "Genetic determinants and clinical significance of cerebral small vessel disease." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0449.
Full textCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a major cause of stroke, cognitive impairment and dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cSVD comprise white matter hyperintensities (WMH), MRI-defined lacunes of presumed vascular origin (Lac), cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS). A systematic review and meta-analysis on > 16,000 participants enabled to characterize the association of WMH, BI and CMB with risk of stroke and dementia, as well as their subtypes, and with mortality. Because of limited data on dPVS, we examined the longitudinal relationship of dPVS burden with incident stroke risk in the population-based 3C-Dijon study, and found a significant association between dPVS burden, especially in basal ganglia and hippocampus, and incident risk of any stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. We then explored the heritability of dPVS burden using genome-wide genotypes and found highest heritability for dPVS burden compared with other MRI-markers of cSVD, especially in the white matter. Second we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of dPVS burden and identified two genome-wide significant loci associated with extensive dPVS burden in the white matter, implicated in brain development, brain vascular function and oncogenesis. We found significant genetic correlation of dPVS burden in basal ganglia with all stroke and ischemic stroke. Finally, we conducted an extension of this work in the Japanese Nagahama population-based study to: (i) compare the reproducibility of three dPVS visual rating scales (ii) conduct the first GWAS of WMH volume in a Japanese cohort, confirming the chr17q25.1 locus and identifying new loci associated with regional WMH volume. In conclusion, we provide novel information on the clinical significance of MRI-markers of cSVD, especially dPVS, and new insight into the genetic contribution to MRI-markers of cSVD, by conducting the first heritability assessment and GWAS meta-analysis of dPVS burden, and the first GWAS of WMH volume in a Japanese population
Mane, Michèle. "L'hémiplégie vasculaire en Basse-Normandie : enquête d'incidence sur l'année 1989." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3066.
Full textPhilip, Patrick. "Mise en évidence chez l'homme d'une mobilisation spontanée des cellules souches CD34+ dans le sang périphérique des accidents vasculaires cérébraux : analyse des corrélations entre les taux de mobilisation des cellules souches CD34+ et le niveau de récupération clinique des patients sur le plan neuro fonctionnel, étude des mécanismes physiopathologiques et des perspectives thérapeutiques nouvelles dans le cadre des thérapies cellulaires et de la médecine régénérative." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4001.
Full textA spontaneous mobilization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells CD34+ (PB-MNC-CD34+) has been reported in human myocardial infarction and found to be related to improved heart function and survival. Simultaneously, we first described that human stroke can be followed by large and busting mobilizations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell CD34+. The amplitude of the mobilization was similar to those observed in Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) conditioned aplastic patients following myeloablative therapy before leukopheresis and autologous bone graft. CD34+ mobilization in each patient was directly related to neurological and functional recoveries as assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale respectively. BP-MNC-CD34+ might contributed to tissue repair following acute ischemic stroke through several physiological pathways that are here reported and discussed
Sounga, Dufeil Leyb Rodneil. "Stress et AVC : approche psychologique des patients en milieu hospitalier." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0021.
Full textBorsotti, Jean-Paul. "Etude quantitative de la répartition des neuromédiateurs monoaminergiques du SNC chez l'homme normal et de ses variations dans les accidents vasculaires cérébraux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX21915.
Full textMimran, Alexandra. "Accidents vasculaires du tronc cérébral : étude de cas, étude rétrospective." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23080.
Full textChambefort-Rochegune, Valérie. "Résultats à long terme de la revascularisation carotidienne après infarctus cérébral." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6246.
Full textSerrurot, Emilie. "Troubles de l'homéostasie du fer et effets à long terme de la réduction précoce du volume de lésion dans la pathologie ischémique cérébrale." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOPE02.
Full textWe initially studied the disorders of cerebral and peripheral homeostasis of iron in the rat subjected to a brain ischemia and stroke patients. The experimental results show that ischemic brain areas exhibit an early and transient elevation of free iron levels and a delayed and sustained increase in ferritin expression. They also show that brain ischemia, if severe, results in high serum ferritin levels and that preischemic iron overload did not affect brain vulnerability to the cytotoxic effects of ischemia. The clinical results show that serum ferritin is close to normal values at hospital admission and increases with the time. Moreover, serum ferritin levels in the acute phase of stroke correlates with the Rankin score at 3 months. We then evaluated the long-term effects of the early lesion size reduction in rat subjected to cerebral lesion using a neuroprotective drug. Whereas drugs decreased by 50% the lesion size at day 1 after the lesion, they failed to ameliorate neurological outcome. In addition, no difference in the amount of the histologically intact residual brain tissue as well as in synaptogenesis were observed between drug- and vehicle-treated rats
Lecluse, Edouard. "Angiopathie amyloide cérébrale et leucoencéphalopathie." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25273.
Full textAbalo, Abotchi P. Meba. "Implication de l'adénosine dans la vasodilatation secondaire à une activation métabolique au niveau cérébral." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P610.
Full textBarbieri, Guillaume. "Mesure et modulation du sens de verticalité : approche technologique, métrologique et neurophysiologique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOMU10.
Full textIn 1837, Sir Charles Bell pondered the question of the facility with which a man maintains and conserves the vertical position of reference, despite outside influences: «How does a man maintain a posture upright or tilted [against the wind]? It is evident that he possesses ‘a’ sense by which he know the tilting of his body and that he possesses the capacity to right it and to correct any deviation from the vertical. But what sense is it?» The important body of research has largely confirmed the aptitude of the human subject to perceive the vertical position. On the basis of various sensory information (visual, vestibular and somaesthetic), a representation of the vertical position is built in the brain. Motor behaviour in human beings is organised in reference to this biological vertical (BV), which exactly corresponds to the gravitational vertical in the healthy subject. Recently, alterations in the construction of the BV have been cited to explain certain postural disorders frequently observed following a stroke or in elderly patients showing spontaneous backward disequilibrium, termed «fallers». In terms of fundamental and clinical research, the stakes include an improved understanding of the processes involved in the construction of the BV and the development of reliable means to evaluate the BV. The four studies which make up the present work share a central theme: the sense of verticality. The present work contributes new elements in the drive to understand the sense of verticality even as it provides valid and reliable methodologies for the evaluation of the BV in healthy and ill subjects. Finally, it suggests new perspectives for the evaluation of frail patients
Monziols, François-Xavier. "Accidents vasculaires cérébraux en relation avec des crises migraineuses : à propos des migraines compliquées : revue de la littérature et présentation de neuf observations." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25332.
Full textDerex, Laurent. "Étude IRM des facteurs prédictifs du pronostic clinique et du risque hémorragique des infarctus cérébraux traités par thrombolyse intraveineuse." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10076.
Full textDetante, Olivier. "Thérapie cellulaire par cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines après ischémie cérébrale." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV008.
Full textStroke is the leading cause of acquired adult disability. Improving brain plasticity after stroke represents an important therapeutic strategy. Cell therapy favours functional recovery after cerebral ischemia in rodent models. The pioneer clinical studies did not reproduce this benefit for patients due to a limited number of studied patients. Ln our preclinical studies, we observed a good tolerance and a functional benefit of the intracerebral (at the acute phase) and intravenous (IV) (at the subacute phase) administration of clinical-grade human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). The hMSC survival (during several weeks) and their differentiation into neurons or astrocytes are very limited and can not explain alone the functional benefit. Among different mechanisms of action of hMSC (neurotrophic and/or proangiogenic effects, immunomodulation. . . ), we showed by MRI an early microvascular effect. We also showed that hMSC can be labeled for MRI and microscopy by iron microparticles without altering cell properties. This cell labeling is useful to detect and follow hMSC grafted into the brain but is insufficient to follow the IV injected hMSC. To assess the biodistribution ofIV injected hMSC, we conducted a nuclear imaging study. This experiment showed that the hMSC are attracted to cerebral ischemic lesion in the first hours following their injection. Ln paraIlel, we developed a phase 2 clinical trial. We do not know yet the best route of administration, the best dose and the optimal delay of the graft. The cell therapy optimization needs the development of translational projects with experimental studies linked to clinical trials. Thus cell therapy could become an efficient treatment for stroke
Hermier, Marc. "Apport de l'IRM à l'étude du pronostic des accidents ischémiques aigus carotidiens traités par thrombolyse intraveineuse." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10036.
Full textLemarchand, Eloïse. "Rôles différentiels des activateurs tissulaires du plasminogène endogène et exogène sur les processus de mort neuronale ischémique." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN3148.
Full textThe effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the brain parenchyma are pleiotropic. In an ischaemic context, the balance between beneficial and deleterious effects of tPA modulates neuronal death. My thesis work consisted, (i) in the study of the influence of alcohol exposure on the thrombolysis benefit/risk ratio, (ii) to study the influence of endogenous tPA on ischemic neuronal death in the hippocampus. In the study concerning the impact of alcohol consumption on the thrombolysis benefit/risk ratio, we show a loss of beneficial effect of thrombolysis on ischaemic damage. We propose that this loss of efficiency depends on the brain-liver axis in terms of tPA clearance and bioavailability, that might lead to aggravate brain damages, possibly due to neurotoxic effects of tPA. In our opinion, challenges like alcohol consumption, even moderate, which can induce subtle liver dysfunction, may profoundly impact the outcome of thrombolysed-stroke patients. We also demonstrate that tPA may have neuroprotective effects, especially when produced and released by stressed neurons, suggesting differential properties of exogenous and endogenous tPA. Based on our present observations and current literature in the field, we can postulate that strategies contributing to promote either endogenous production of tPA or its signalling, including EGFR pathway, may have beneficial effects following brain injury such as stroke. To summarize, my thesis results confirm and bring new element defining tPA as a pleiotropic protein with differentials effects depending on its origin and cellular processes in which it is involved
Faure, Sébastien. "L'angiotensine-IV et cérébroprotection." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b8f01b40-6222-41f8-b9ec-abd44fc7f5cb/blobholder:0/2005LIMO310E.pdf.
Full textSchneider, Fabien. "Analyse de l'évolution des anomalies de diffusion et de perfusion en IRM au stade aigu et tardif de l'accident vasculaire cérébral." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10007.
Full textVolien-Clavel, Viviane. "Accidents vasculaires cérébraux et syndrome d'immuno-déficience acquise." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11019.
Full textVergeur-Laborie, Valérie. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement artériel cérébral : contribution à l'étude des conséquences hémodynamiques des sténoses situées en amont et en aval du polygone de Willis." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30168.
Full textDolatkhani-Smith, Mina. "Accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques systématisés du nouveau-né : étude rétrospective de 20 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23025.
Full textMorel, Pascale. "Circulation piémérienne : méthodes d'étude, régulations nerveuse et humorale." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P075.
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