Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladie d’Alzheimer – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 26 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Maladie d’Alzheimer – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Leuxe, Charlotte. "Dérivés puriques et physiopathologie de la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS080.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, appears to be associated with an increase in a particular form of β-amyloid deposits, intracellular Tau tangles and neuronal degeneration. Through many available transgenic AD models, knowledge about amyloid peptides and Tau protein continues to increase. However, in contrast to the genetic cases of AD, the etiology of sporadic AD cases remains unknown, making the establishment of an effective therapeutic strategy difficult.During the course of a study on the role of protein kinase involved in AD, our collaborators made an unexpected but very interesting observation. They identified a low molecular weight compound able to induce production of Aβ1-42 while the level of the much less toxic form Aβ1-40 remained constant. This selective induction of Aβ1-42 versus Aβ1-40 was observed in a cell line model. Therefore, the overall goal of the project thesis was based on the use of purine derivative (PD1) to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the selective production of Aβ1-42. This would allow us to establish cellular assays and a chemically-induced animal AD model relevant to studies on the treatment and prevention of AD.The first part of this project allowed us to demonstrate in vitro that PD1, at high dose, repeatedly induced an increase in Aβ42/40 ratio in primary neurons and in neuronal hippocampal slice culture (OHSCs). Based on these facts, we analyzed the amyloid profile by focusing on APP metabolism and on glial cell activity. In contrary to our hypothesis, we highlighted whether PD1 exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties (i.e. IL-1β) both in vitro and in vivo. The IL-1β pathway is more and more linked in the AD pathogen which leads us to consider that PD1 could have a dual effect : alzheimerogenic pharmacological tool or potential drug candidate for the treatment of AD ?
Ouellet, Mélissa. "La barrière hémato-encéphalique, les transporteurs ABC et la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25310/25310.pdf.
Full textAudrain, Mickaël. "Modélisation des phases précoces de la maladie d’Alzheimer par transfert de gènes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB010/document.
Full textEvaluation of biomarkers and new innovative therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffers from a misunderstanding of early phases and lack of appropriate animal models close to the human physiopathology. Most available rodent models reproduce hallmarks of AD such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a few months, while it takes many years to be achieved in human. My PhD work consisted to develop a new modelling strategy of AD early phases without major overexpression of transgenes. To do so, we used gene transfer of human APPSL and PS1M146L using viral vectors injection in the hippocampus of 8 weeks old mice and rats. We characterized these models and showed peptides production, such as betaCTF and abeta42 from APP processing, similar to what is observed in AD patients hippocampi. We also highlighted a hyperphosphorylation of Tau followed by a synaptic failure characterized by a decrease of PSD-95 and GLT-1 levels and by an increase of the tonic current mediated by glutamate. These changes have been finally associated with behavioral deficits. My results suggest that many events appear well before the formation of amyloid plaques or tangles and lead to the disruption of the synapse and the early onset of behavioral defects. Thus, we now have relevant tools to understand the early stages of AD, which will allow us to test new drug compounds on these models with a wide therapeutic window and discover new early biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
De, Calignon Alix. "Formation, toxicité et propagation des dégénérescences neurofibrillaires associées a la maladie d’Alzheimer." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066270.
Full textPoitelon, Yannick. "Explorations de modèles animaux et cellulaires de la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth de type AR-CMT2A." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20710.
Full textBouteille, Bernard. "La trypanosomose africaine : des modèles expérimentaux à la physiopathologie et à l'approche thérapeutique de la maladie du sommeil." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T158.
Full textBézard, Erwan. "Approche dynamique de la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson : étude des phénomènes compensatoires glutamatergiques dans un modèle évolutif chez la souris et le primate traités au MPTP." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28597.
Full textBurbaud, Pierre. "Role du noyau sous-thalamique dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson : étude d'un modèle expérimental chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23069.
Full textPhivilay, Alix. "Approches nanotechnologiques et nutraceutiques dans le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25317/25317.pdf.
Full textChen, Yaohua. "Maladie d’Alzheimer : influence des microhémorragies, du sexe et de la modulation pharmacologique : données cliniques et expérimentales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S043/document.
Full textThe physiopathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) is complex. Associated factors, in particular at the vascular level with damaged small blood vessels, might be involved. Cerebral microbleeds(CMB) in particular, could be one of the key contributing factor in AD. The cumulative evidence suggested a sex-specific patterns of disease. Furthermore, statins might be interesting by pleitropic effects. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the interaction between vascular and neurodegenerative lesions in Alzheimer, the influence of sex, and the pharmacological modulation by atorvastatin. This experimental model is designed in a multimodal approach to ensure its scientific relevance and to fit with clinical research. The third objective is indeed to confront theresulting experimental data to the clinical data of cohorts of Alzheimer patients. With an original model of CMB in female mice, we folio wed-up them from 1.5 months to 12 months postsurgery.For the clinical part, we studied patients with AD from a database of a tertiary memory center, with standardized framework. In a translational way, we observed a cognitive and a non cognitiveimpact of CMBs, differently in wild-type mice and in diseased mice. Different outcome was noticed for young female mice. And Atorvastatine offered a mild neuroprotection particularly in presymptomatic stage. Finally, the mechanism implied will be studied, in particular the inflammatory pathway, and will help to propose targeted pharmacological modulation in order to prevent or limit the impact of CMB on AD, by offering a personalized approach
Chavant, François. "Inhibition pharmacologique du TNF-alfa dans des modèles expérimentaux de la maladie d'Alzheimer : prévention des déficits mnésiques et de la neurotoxicité amyloïde." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT1801.
Full textBoraud, Thomas. "Physiopathologie des dyskinésies induites par les traitements dopaminergiques : approche électrophysiologique chez le singe traité au MPTP." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M014.
Full textGosselin, Thomas. "ANIMAL Antidépresseurs, neuroinflammation et maladie d'alzheimer." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3305/document.
Full textToday, despite the description of the mechanisms underlying the development of depression and AD (Alzheimer’s disease), no cure exists for these diseases suggesting the involvement of another phenomenon. One of the processes commonly found in these pathologies is neuroinflammation. However, clinical trials undertaken in the AD to reduce neuroinflammation have not led to a significant improvement of symptoms. One reason for this failure could be a bad therapeutic window which would result in the increase of deleterious effects of neuroinflammation. This highlights the lack of understanding of the kinetics of neuroinflammation in AD
Krezymon, Alice. "Altérations cellulaires hippocampiques liées à l'âge et récupération cognitive induite par un enrichissement environnemental chez les souris Tg2576 modèles de la maladie d’Alzheimer." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1923/.
Full textTo understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we used transgenic mice (Tg2576) that develop phenotypic alterations mimicking some aspects of AD. We found that during the development of AD, hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in young Tg2576 mice and a remodeling of the neural network of the hippocampus may contribute to memory deficits. On the other hand, environmental factors have been suggested to impact the risk and development of AD. The "cognitive reserve" hypothesis proposes protective effects of complex experiences, such as sustained cognitive engagement, against dementia. We found that transient enriched housing of young mice to an enriched environment restores memory performance and decreases senile plaque formation in neo-cortical areas
Guedjdal, Sarah. "Le rôle d’une nouvelle forme tronquée de la protéine Tau dans le développement de la maladie d’Alzheimer et son potentiel thérapeutique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S021.
Full textTau protein is involved in the pathophysiology of more than twenty neurodegenerative diseases referred to as Tauopathies. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common Tauopathy, Tau is found aggregated in neurons. These pathological aggregates of Tau called neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are the hallmarks of AD brains. The progression of NFT in AD brain is correlated with cognitive impairment. The mechanisms underlying this pathophysiological process are not well understood yet. Nevertheless, post-translational modifications of Tau protein seem to play an etiopathological role. Furthermore, these post-translational modifications may provide early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for AD. Our team has recently identified a new truncated Tau protein starting at methionine 11 and bearing a modification that has never been described for the Tau: N-α-acetylation (AcMet11-Tau). In addition, our team has developed a monoclonal antibody, 2H2D11, which specifically targets the AcMet11-Tau form. The first studies from AD brains indicate that AcMet11-Tau protein is present in degenerating neurons and that it is part of pathological Tau proteins. The present thesis work aims to establish the role of AcMet11-Tau in the development of Tau pathology linked to AD and its associated dysfunctions, using a transgenic model mimicking the Tau side of AD (THY-Tau22 model). These THY-Tau22 mice reproduce with age several aspects of Tau pathology associated with memory loss. We have showed in these mice that AcMet11-Tau form appears early before the onset of memory impairment. One of my thesis objectives was to evaluate an in vivo modeling approach, based on stereotaxic injections of lentiviral vectors, in the hippocampus of wild and THY-Tau transgenic mice, to express the Met11-Tau protein. Our immunohistochemical analyzes show that this protein is stably expressed throughout the hippocampus as an N-α-acetylated form. More particularly, AcMet11-Tau is detected in brain regions having an important role in synaptic plasticity and memory. In addition, our preliminary results suggest that AcMet11-Tau is likely a seeding factor that promotes the aggregation of Tau proteins. Thus, AcMet11-Tau appears to be an important player in the pathological process, representing hence a good candidate for therapeutic targeting. To date, there are several therapeutic strategies aiming to treat Tau pathology, including immunotherapy. The second objective of my thesis aims to establish the proof of concept of a passive immunotherapy approach targeting AcMet11-Tau. We have showed that immunization of THY-Tau22 mice against the truncated AcMet11-Tau form prevents the alteration of working memory in the Y-maze test and improves animal learning during the evaluation of the spatial reference memory by the Barnes maze at the age of 8 months. This beneficial effect is associated with a decrease in abnormal Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus and a significant reduction in insoluble Tau species. We have also showed that targeting AcMet11-Tau exerts anti-inflammatory effects in this model of Tauopathy. Together, our data demonstrate that the new truncated form AcMet11-Tau plays an instrumental role in Tau pathology development; its targeting by passive immunotherapy is likely a promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment
Pain, Stéphanie. "Neurotoxicité du 1-méthyl-4-phénylpyridinium (MPP+) après injection intranigrale chez le rat : évaluation de l'altération de la voie dopaminergique nigrostriée." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT1802.
Full textDeguil, Julie. "Perturbations du contrôle traductionnel et troubles cognitifs dans un modèle expérimental de la maladie de Parkinson : études de neuroprotection." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT1801.
Full textGarcia, Pierre. "Validation fonctionnelle d’une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique prévenant la dégénérescence et les troubles cognitifs associés dans des modèles murins de la Maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL084N/document.
Full textNo cure against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) exists yet, justifying the development of therapeutic strategies. Toxicity of soluble amyloid β peptide is a key-player in early synaptic and cellular loss in AD. According to this hypothesis, we propose that preventing Aβ peptide effects could prevent cogninitive decline in AD. Neurotrophic factors are good candidates to prevent cell death but require a targeted and continuous delivery. We used the cell encapsulation technology to produce graftable bioreactors that contain C2C12 cells secreting the Ciliary Neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Our goal was to realize the proof-of-concept that CNTF long term in situ delivery could prevent Aβ-induced cognitive decline.Our studies prove that bioreactor-produced CNTF prevents Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Neuroprotection relies on PI3K and STAT3 activation. In vivo, bioreactor implantation in brain prevents cognitive impairment induced by Aβ icv injection or delays their appearance in Tg2576 mice. In both of our preclinical model of AD, behavioral protection was associated with synapse maintenance in hippocampus.Therefore, in situ long term CNTF delivery is an efficient preventive therapeutic strategy against toxicity and Aβ-linked cognitive disturbances. These results also suggest that encapsulated cells graft is a good way to deliver therapeutic molecules to the brain
Arnaud, Karen. "Sécrétion du précurseur de la protéine amyloïde par les plexus choroïdes : implications dans la neurogenèse adulte et la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066214/document.
Full textAging and degeneration of the brain with cognitive decline and neurologic symptoms are major individual and societal problems. The major age-related brain degeneration disease is Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with about 40 million people affected in 2015.Physiologically, the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is cleaved by an alpha-secretase, releasing soluble APP (sAPP) an important regulator of adult neurogenesis. This cleavage prevents two others in positions beta and gamma that generate the ßA4 toxic peptide, a hallmark of Alzheimer Disease.Next generation RNA-sequencing has revealed that APP is the 16th most expressed genes in the choroid plexus (CP), suggesting that it may be a major source of sAPP and ßA4 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If so, adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and hippocampus may be regulated by the choroid plexus and impeded in mutations favoring ßA4 production. My thesis project fell under the possibility to regulate App expression in the CP, and follow consequences on adult neurogenesis and plaques formation in AD. Using viral vectors to modulate App expression in the CP, we confirmed the importance of sAPP coming from CP in adult neurogenesis. With so, CP seems to be an important source of APPin the brain, and could have a key role in AD
Al-Sweidi, Sara. "Mécanismes d'action des composés oestrogéniques dans la neuroprotection chez la souris MPTP = : Neuroprotective mechanisms of estrogenic compounds in MPTP mice." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20073.
Full textBartoli, Michel. "Eléments de physiopathologie et validation d'une technique de mesure par IRM des anévrysmes de l'aorte abdominale dans un modèle expérimental murin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5011/document.
Full textAbdominal aortic aneurysms occur in 5-9% of the population over the age of 65, and rupture of these aneurysms cause every year at least 15,000 deaths. Although most AAAs are small and asymptomatic, their diameter typically increases over time and about 60% eventually require surgical repair. To date, no therapy can slow or stop the growth of small aneurysms. The aneurysmal wall is characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling involving synthesis and destruction that leads to the loss of elastin. All these elements are present in the elastase model of aneurysm in mice. While many data have been accumulated on the involvement of metalloproteinases in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, the role of serine proteases has received much less interest. Using this model in mice cathepsin S and cathepsin C knockout, we have shown that their presence was essential for aneurysmal development. We also showed that it was possible to block the model using E64, an inhibitor of cathepsins. Taken together these data suggest that cathepsins play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and that cathepsins are a potential way of research for the development of medication which could slow down the AAAs growth. In order to block by pharmacological means the model, we developed the possibility to infuse doxycyline directly on the aneurysm. These studies showed that it was possible to block the model with an infusion of local doxycycline without blood levels of doxycycline. This experimental work opens the way for the development of drug-eluting stent graft, i.e. a stent graft able to infuse an active product which can stabilize the wall of the aneurysm
Depiets, Bérengère. "Etude physiopathologique de modèles murins de leucodystrophies dysmyélinisantes et approche thérapeutique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1MM04/document.
Full textMutations of the proteolipoprotein gene, PLP1, coding the major structural proteins of the central nervous system, PLP and DM20, are responsible of some X-linked dysmyelinating leukodystrophies. The most severe form, the Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD), due to gene duplications, causes a major hypomyelination ; while the moderate form, the spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2), due to non-sense mutations or gene deletions, leads leading to unpacked myelin and late axonal degeneration. This thesis work focuses on phenotypic characterization of transgenic male mice with Plp1 invalidation (Plp null mice), together with heterozygous females for this mutation and overexpressing Plp1 (PLOA mice), models of carrier mothers of these diseases. A longitudinal study on mice behavior was performed and allowed to highlight in Plp null male mice, the onset of motor, sensitive and cognitive defects, then linked to expression abnormalities of (1) astrocytic or microglial markers and neuropeptides involved in painful processes in spinal dorsal horn, (2) markers implied in cognitive processes in brain and especially some hippocampus regions, (3) alterations of nerve conduction velocities. In Plp1-mutated females, behavior abnormalities seem to be related to genotype, with development of symptoms only in females carrying moderate mutation. Since few years, data suggest a role of white matter, and particularly myelin, in cognitive and behavioral functions. Results of this study confirm the interest of Plp null mice to better understand this role. Further, similarities identied between animal models and human pathology, allow to consider these models to assess new therapeutic perspectives. We thus assessed the efficiency of a typical neuroleptic on Plp null mice behavioral alterations
Hamm, Haouari Valentine. "Implication des métabolites de l'APP dans les troubles mnésiques précoces chez la souris TgCRND8, un modèle de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ116/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology commonly characterized by a progressive memory loss. To these days, AD’s etiology has remained unclear which complicates the development of therapeutic strategies enabling to eradicate the pathology. The accumulation of therapeutic failures could partly be explained by the fact that the amyloid hypothesis, which highlights the leading involvement of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the physiopathology of AD, could be incomplete. Using a transgenic mouse model of AD, the TgCRND8 mice strain, I expanded the amyloid hypothesis, suggesting the involvement of the beta carboxy-terminal fragment (β-CTF), in addition to Aβ. These two amyloidogenic metabolites could be responsible for the alteration of different forms of memory. The dosage of these metabolites, after mice chronic treatment with either a β- or a γ-secretase inhibitor, highlighted the fact that β-CTF could be responsible for the deterioration of the memory involved in the detection of the replacement of an object. As for Aβ, it could disrupt the memory allowing the detection of the displacement of an object. This work suggests that it would be judicious to develop therapeutic strategies reducing brain levels of both amyloid fragments, β-CTF and Aβ
Kamel, Rima. "Implication de la dynamique mitochondriale et de la voie de la kynurénine dans la cardioprotection au cours de l’infarctus du myocarde." Thesis, Angers, 2019. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune12955.
Full textMyocardial infarction remains a leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Although timely reperfusion is indispensable for ischemic myocardium salvage, final infarct size is due to both ischemia and reperfusion injuries. Cardioprotection consists of activating endogenous signaling protective pathways to decrease ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. Mitochondrial fission has been shown increased after ischemia, thus we studied the impact of mitochondrial dynamics proteins deficiency in mice models. Mitochondrial fission deficient DRP1+/- mice, exhibited a smaller infarct size compared to WT due to a potential increase in mitophagy. Simultaneous deficiency in mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins (Drp1+/-Opa1+/-) did not influence cardiac morphology and function at baseline and infarct size was comparable to WT. Next, We showed an importance of kynurenine pathway in cardioprotection. A recent study conducted in our laboratory showed that kynurenine, was increased after remote ischemic conditioning. Kynurenine is a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway which is the main tryptophan degradation route. We showed that kynurenine and kynurenic acid, a byproduct of kynurenine, mediated cardioprotection in a rat myocardial I/R model. Cardioprotection was associated to stimulation of mitophagy and anti-oxidant defense system. However a better understanding of associated signaling pathways is necessary to identify therapeutic targets
Delotterie, David. "Translational potential of the touchscreen-based methodology to assess cognitive abilities in mice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ048/document.
Full textThis thesis work aimed to specify the potential of an innovative methodology latterly adapted in mice from neuropsychological tasks used in Humans. After the optimization of 3 assays (PAL, VMCL, PVD) taxing various cognitive functions in animals, different behavioral studies have gradually revealed: (1) the putative existence of proactive interferences over consecutive learnings in touchscreen tasks; (2) no acquisition deficit in Tg2576 mice (a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s Disease) in these paradigms, whatever the amyloid load considered; (3) the specific involvement of the dorsal striatum during the acquisition of VMCL and PAL tasks and the key role of the hippocampus during the recall of the latter task. As exemplified by the PAL task, our results suggest that despite momentous efforts in order to ensure the translational feature of touchscreen cognitive tasks, certain adaptations inherent to each species deeply influence the nature of underlying neurobiological substrates
Homedan, Chadi. "La fonction mitochondriale dans un modèle murin de Porphyrie Aiguë Intermittente (PAI)." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0077/document.
Full textHereditary porphyrias are a group of metabolic disorders of the haem biosynthesis pathway, the most severe and important porphyria is the Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP). Several metabolic links exist between haem biosynthesis and mitochondria, which is an organelle specialized in energy production. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of the acute attack of AIP on the mitochondrial energetic function. We have shown in a mice model of AIP, with deficiency in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), a mitochondrial metabolic dyfunction, an important alteration in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes activity, and those of Krebs cycle. This deficiency concerned the mice at basal state and after induction by phenobarbital in different tissus (liver, skeletal muscle and brain). In vitro, the administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of haem accumulating in AIP caused a dose-dependent impairment of mitochondrial function with an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results suggest that acute attack of AIP alters the mitochondrial function in vivo and in vitro. This new data allows to better understand the pathophysiology and the clinical expression of this disease