Academic literature on the topic 'Maladie environnementale – physiopathologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maladie environnementale – physiopathologie":
Roubeix, Christophe, José-Alain Sahel, Xavier Guillonneau, Cécile Delarasse, and Florian Sennlaub. "Sur les origines inflammatoires de la DMLA." médecine/sciences 36, no. 10 (October 2020): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020159.
Enaud, R., C. Tétard, and T. Lamireau. "Liens entre alimentation, microbiote, MICI : bases physiopathologiques et implications thérapeutiques." Côlon & Rectum 14, no. 2 (May 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/cer-2020-0143.
Mouchabac, S. "Syndrome de dérégulation dopaminergique." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.275.
Geoffroy, P. A. "Le trouble bipolaire : une maladie du sommeil et des rythmes circadiens ?" European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.366.
Clery-Melin, P. "Vulnérabilité psychique de l’avancée en âge." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.269.
Ionita, A. "Différentes dimensions de la vulnérabilité psychique du sujet âgé." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.270.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maladie environnementale – physiopathologie":
Audousset, Camille. "Implication du récepteur NOD1 dans l’asthme allergique aux acariens & Impact fonctionnel des bouchons de mucus dans les voies aériennes de patients asthmatiques sévères selon leur statut tabagique." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS050.pdf.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease responsible for significant morbidityand mortality defined by an association between clinical symptoms and variable airwayobstruction. The cardinal features of asthma are airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchialinflammation associated with changes in the structure of the bronchi including overproductionof mucus. Taken together, these characteristics result in numerous clinical presentations,called asthmatic phenotypes, which are the consequence of multiple distinctpathophysiological mechanisms. The most common asthma phenotype is allergic asthma, ofwhich house dust mites are one of the main pneumallergens. The heterogeneity of thispathology requires a comprehensive approach including fundamental work and translationalclinical approach. These two approaches have been developed in this thesis.In the first part, the involvement of an innate immunity receptor, the Nod1 receptor, inhouse dust mite allergic asthma was investigated. This receptor recognizes fragments ofbacterial peptidoglycans and participates in the immune response. It is also involved in theregulation of the digestive microbiota. In Nod1-/- mice, the mite-induced asthmatic allergicparameters are reduced compared to wild type mice. This attenuation of the allergicasthmatic response is not linked to a change in the digestive flora of Nod1-/- mice. In contrast,mite extracts contain microbial flora, mainly composed of gram-negative bacillus, capable ofdirectly activating the Nod1 receptor in the epithelium of the respiratory tract. This activationcontributes to the exacerbation of the allergic asthmatic response induced by house dustmites and offers a new therapeutic perspective in the treatment of allergic asthma to housedust mites.The second part of this work is devoted to the functional impact of mucus plugspresent in the airways of asthma patients according to their smoking status using previouslydeveloped tools. The presence of mucus plugs was common regardless of the smokingstatus of the asthmatics. An inverse correlation was found between the number of lungsegments with at least one mucus plug and airway obstruction. This clinical feature wascorrelated with the percentage of eosinophils in the sputum. In patients with a history ofsmoking, the presence of airway obstructions was correlated with the percentage ofneutrophils. Mucus plugs appear to be a marker of asthma severity and are correlated withdifferent types of bronchial inflammation depending on smoking status.This PhD has helped advance fundamental and clinical-functional knowledge inasthma. These results invite further investigations in these different fields
Esquerre, Nicolas. "L’aluminium, facteur de risque environnemental impliqué dans la physiopathologie des maladies intestinales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S008/document.
Aluminium (Al) is the most abundant metal in our environment. Al naturally occurs in soils, rocks, minerals, air, water and its use in consumer products increase exponentially in industrialized countries. During last decades, human activities led to an increase in the bioavailability of Al and populations are exposed daily to multiple sources and doses of Al, including the oral route. Based on the description of toxic and deleterious effects of Al in various pathologies as well as ingested doses of Al, we showed that Al could participate in the exacerbation of intestinal inflammation, decrease mucosal healing and cell renewal (Pineton de Chambrun et al., 2014).In order to understand the mechanisms involved in the perturbations of the intestinal epithelium, Al toxicity was evaluated on intestinal epithelial cells. This study showed that Al decrease cell viability, promote apoptosis and disturb cell cycle. Al had also pro-tumorigenic and pro-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, we demonstrated that Al could promote toxic effects on intestinal mucosa.Then, we evaluated the effects of Al on visceral sensitivity in rodents. We have demonstrated that currently ingested amounts of Al, in humans, induced in mice and rats a dose dependent increase of colorectal sensitivity. Al-induced hypersensitivity persists over time so that intoxication was arrested, and appears again when Al intoxication resumes, dismissing any tolerance phenomenon. Moreover, female gender was more affected by Al-induced hypersensitivity than male gender. Mechanisms involved an increased permeability and were dependent on mast cell degranulation and protease activated receptor 2. These results are relevant to the mechanisms observed in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Indeed, patients usually exhibit visceral hypersensitivity, increased permeability, impaired microbiota and low inflammation degree of the gastrointestinal tract. Causes of the disease remain unknown but environmental factors are strongly suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis. Thus, Al could be a new environmental risk factor involved in the development of IBS.In conclusion, these results demonstrate the toxicity of Al on the digestive tract and highlight a new environmental risk factor in the physiopathology of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome
Haida, Obélia. "Physiopathologie des déficits moteurs dans les troubles du spectre autistique : approche neuroanatomique dans deux modèles environnementaux." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2305/document.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disabilities that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life. The complex etiology is currently unknown and does not allow to develop new therapeutical strategies. The aim of this thesis was to identify the neuronal network involved in motor symptoms and propose new diagnostic tools and new therapeutical approaches focusing this linkage. We anatomically investigated the different regions responsible for motor control: the cerebellum, the substantia nigra pars compacta, the striatum and the motor cortex. This study has been performed using two environmental mouse models, prenatally exposed to either an anticonvulsant drug: the valproic acid, either an immunostimulant mimicking a viral infection: the polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid.Our results have indicated restricted neuronal losses in the cerebellum and in the motor cortex, which were model- and sex-dependent. These data also point out the heterogeneity found according to the different syndromes and the sex ratio in patients. Furthermore, we have also shown that the neuronal loss could be associated to as well the motor and the social deficits. Interestingly, these brain regions could be used as therapeutical target to reverse both ASD symptoms