Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies à transmission vectorielle'
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Terrien, Vincent Alliot Anne. "Les culicidés transmission vectorielle des infections et parasitoses à l'homme /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=46631.
Full textCoroller, Fabienne. "Surveillance et évaluation du risque de transmission des maladies vectorielles émergentes : apport de la capacité vectorielle : exemple de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20227.
Full textKern, Aurélie. "Inflammation cutanée lors de la transmission vectorielle de la borreliose de Lyme : étude sur modèle murin." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6157.
Full textLyme disease, is an infectious disorder caused by a tick-transmitted bacteria : Borrelia burgdorferi. The skin constitutes an essential interface in this arthropod borne disease. Indeed, the primary manifestation is a cutaneous inflammation, the erythema migrans. Dissemination of spirochetes from the site of inoculation can lead to other manifestations typically involving the skin, heart, joints or central nervous system. Mechanisms responsible of this specific dissemination are not known. In this project we focused on the cutaneous innate immune response during Lyme disease transmission. Part of skin innate immunity is constituted by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytokines and chemokines. We developed two experimental strategies. In vitro to measure the specific response from skin resident cells: keratinocytes. In vivo we challenged C3H/HeN mice with spirochetes from B. Burgdoferi sensu stricto strains initially isolated from human clinical manifestation. In conclusion, we propose that tick saliva has a property not previously described : an anti-alarmin effect. Tick saliva is an essential actor in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Furthermore, we showed a clear difference in the skin innate immunity according to the strain tested. The skin by its immunity and the specificity of its different resident cells likely plays a major role in the development of Borrelia infection in the vertebrate host. There, an intense bacterial multiplication occurs. Some specific factors of both, the bacteria (like OspC and BBK32) and the host (like AMPs and MCP-1), display a sophisticated interaction that likely further orientate the bacterium in the rest of the body
Dahmani, Mustapha. "Les bactéries de la famille des Anaplasmataceae, agents pathogènes à transmission vectorielle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0202/document.
Full textIn this work, we are interested in studying Anaplasmataceae infections in animals and their ticks. Our objective is to describe these infections in animals and to identify new species implicated in different pathology. First, we propose a molecular diagnostic approach that couples a qPCR followed by amplification and sequencing targeting the 23S rRNA gene. Then we propose other primers targeting other genes including the ribosomal subunit beta (rpoB), heat shock protein (groEl), and the 16S rRNA. Our goal was to screen and identify the different species involved, or not involved, in pathologies of animals and identify their vectors. During this work, we had access to different blood samples and ticks from different parts of the world including metropolitan France, France overseas, Algeria, the Republic of Niger, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Pakistan. Our different investigations allowed to identify different species of Anaplasmataceae including potential new species. The prevalence reported in each study demonstrates that animals are the reservoirs of these infections. So, the research conducted on ticks has identified potential vectors of Anaplasmataceae in different regions of the world. Potentially new species were identified are characterized by different targeting genes. These studies provide further information on the epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae in the world
Tran, Annelise. "Télédétection et épidémiologie : Modélisation de la dynamique de populations d'insectes et application au contrôle de maladies à transmission vectorielle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/TRAN_Annelise_2004.pdf.
Full textThe thesis work aims at modelling the spatial and temporal dynamics of a vector-borne disease such as dengue fever, using environnemental data extracted from remote sensing images. Based on environmental parameters derived from a satellite image, a diffusion model is proposed to describe the propagation of mosquitoes. A set of differential equations subsequently enables the description of the transmission process between host and vector. The models for the diffusion of insects populations and the dynamics of vector-borne disease are applied to different cases (areas, vector insects, diseases) in order to illustrate and validate the method. A monitoring system is finally proposed, integrating geomatic tools at several levels (data acquisition, analysis, modelling and decision support). This work is carried out in the case of dengue fever in French Guiana, though with the aim to develop a generic method transposable to other epidemiological and geographical contexts. The developed approach makes it possible to foresee new applications of remote sensing to epidemiology
Raude, Jocelyn. "La dynamique des perceptions des risques sanitaires : le cas des maladies à transmission vectorielle dans les départements français d'outre-mer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0280.
Full textWhat is the relationship between health risk perceptions and the epidemiological context - especially when it is unstable? As part of this thesis, we focused on the three main components highlighted by Stokols in the analysis of context effects on health behaviors. It is a question of the spatial dimension of the phenomenon (how does the proximity of the risk affect the perception of health risks?). On the other hand, it is the temporal or diachronic dimension of the phenomenon (what are the temporal patterns that characterize the perception of health risks?). Finally, it is the socio-cultural dimension of the phenomenon (to what extent do people's social conditions influence how they perceive risks?). On the basis of a review of the literature and a series of questionnaire surveys conducted in the French overseas departments, we proceeded to verify a series of hypotheses on the spatio-temporal and sociocultural dynamics of perceptions. the risk of vector-borne diseases (dengue, chikungunya and Zika). These data have been presented in three scientific papers that will form the empirical part of this thesis. In general, this research allows us to highlight effects of habituation and / or minimization of health risks that have been poorly documented in the psychological literature. The latter, however, seem to be modulated to a large extent by phenomena of social influence that require better characterization in future research
Pereira, de Oliveira Rémi. "Mécanismes de transmission vectorielle du virus de la Peste Porcine Africaine et facteurs influençant cette transmission : étude de différentes associations tique-virus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG013.
Full textThere is currently no vaccine available to control African Swine Fever (ASF), one of the most important swine diseases that ravages Africa, Europe and Asia. To fight the ASF virus (ASFV) that induces infectious disease, understanding the different modes of transmission is essential to apply adequate sanitary measures. One mode of transmission is through the bite of an infected tick. The main objective of my thesis was to understand the mechanisms and factors that determine the vectorial competence of the Ornithodoros soft ticks for ASFV. First, this thesis project showed that the ticks present in Europe are not competent for the strains currently circulating in Eurasia, but can maintain the virus for several months and be infectious to pigs, at least by ingestion. This study also showed that dissemination of ASFV inside ticks towards transmission organs is not enough and must be completed by a sufficient level of viral replication to allow transmission. However, our results also suggest the existence of other factors, partially unknown, that modulate each of these stages. A comparative analysis of two ASFV genomes with different vectorial transmission patterns showed several genetic differences, which may contribute to determining vector competence. In addition, a preliminary study conducted in this PhD project demonstrated that the infection of ticks with ASFV induced modulation of some antimicrobial peptides, highlighting that there is an interaction at the molecular level between the tick and the ASFV. All these results were discussed in regard to potential risks for the establishment of a tick-suid transmission cycle and the implementation of appropriate sanitary measures in these peculiar areas
Vézilier, Julien. "Résistance aux insecticides et transmission de la malaria chez le moustique Culex pipiens." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20038.
Full textThe evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes threatens our ability to control many-vector-transmitted diseases, thereby raising serious public health issues. Insecticide resistance entails numerous physiological changes in mosquitoes. This thesis investigates whether these physiological changes alter the quality of mosquitoes as vectors of malaria. To address this issue, we developed a new experimental system consisting in the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum SGS1 and its natural vector, the mosquito Culex pipiens. We investigated the impact of two insecticide resistance mechanisms (target site resistance and metabolic resistance) on several mosquito and parasite life history traits relevant for malaria transmission. The effect of different insecticide resistant genes was investigated using both isogenic laboratory mosquito strains (i.e. against a homogeneous genetic background) and sympatric field caught mosquitoes (i.e. under the more realistic, albeit noisier, conditions of a heterogeneous genetic background). We show that insecticide resistance has a pleiotropic effect on several mosquito traits (immunocompetence, longevity, fecundity), whereas it has only a limited effect on Plasmodium development. We discuss, on the one hand, the need to pursue such a multi-factorial approach (combining the mosquito physiology, immunity and behavior) to better understand the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission and, on the other hand, the promising perspectives offered by this new experimental system for studying the evolutionary-ecology of infectious diseases
Garjito, Triwibowo Ambar. "Dynamique des principales maladies transmises par les moustiques en Indonésie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT037.
Full textThis thesis summarized the study of the dynamic of the main mosquito-borne diseases in Indonesia. A large number and diversity of samples were analyzed with an emphasis on operational and implementation research. This study provide an overview of the current dynamics and risk of transmission of the main mosquito-borne diseases in Indonesia, particularly japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue. Study of Anopheles species diversity is also conducted for identifying and implementing targeted and more effective malaria vector-control strategies. This Anopheles study has revealed that a better knowledge on this new species is necessary to better define its geographic distribution and role as malaria vector. The assessment of mosquito collection methods and stegomyia indices for dengue vector surveillance were also studied to support the implementation of dengue surveillance and control program in Indonesia
Ngo, Chung Thuy. "Capacité vectorielle des populations d’Anopheles dans la co-transmission de Plasmodium et Wuchereria bancrofti et biodiversité bactérienne de l’estomac des moustiques du centre-sud Vietnam." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13501/document.
Full textIn Vietnam, despite the success of the Government in controlling malaria, the disease persists in forest areas along the international borders, especially with Cambodia, and few data are available on the Bancroftian lymphatic filariasis (BLF). No vaccine is currently available to protect from these two diseases, then vector control of Anopheles mosquitoes, that may transmit both malarial and BLF agents, remains one of the key element to control these two diseases. As there is a real lack of information on the transmission of these two diseases in south-central region of Vietnam, it was necessary to apprehend the vectors occurring in endemic areas and to study their vectorial capacity. As bacterial flora in Anopheles midgut may have a strong influence on the vectorial capacity of the mosquito, its biodiversity was estimated in order to better understand bacterial families present in mosquitoes from the field, in particular the presence of Enterobacteriaceae that can have an influence on the development of Plasmodium, agent of malaria. This field of investigation of bacteria has never studied in malaria vectors of Vietnam.This thesis focuses on two main objectives: (1) to evaluate the vectorial capacity of Anopheles species in the co-transmission of Plasmodium spp. and Wuchereria bancrofti (BLF agent) in the Provinces of Dak Nong and Binh Phuoc in south-central Vietnam (near the border with Cambodia), and (2) to estimate the biodiversity of the bacterial flora in the midgut of Anopheles populations of south-central Vietnam and evaluate the influence of certain bacteria on the vectorial capacity of Anopheles species.Morphological and molecular identification of Anopheles specimens collected in the study sites allowed us to apprehend and better understand the Anopheles fauna in south-central Vietnam composed of 24 taxa, including primary and secondary vectors. The dominant species were Anopheles dirus (48.2%), An. maculatus (19.1%) and An. minimus (9.8%), three major vectors of malaria and the BLF. For the first time, An. scanloni, one of the 8 species of Dirus Complex and malaria vector in Thailand, was collected in Vietnam and confirmed by molecular and sequencing techniques. The relationship between An. crawfordi and An. dangi, a species informally named in Vietnam in 1987, was clarified through a phylogenetic study that allows us to establish that An. dangi is a morphological variation of An. crawfordi.The parasites infection rate of Anopheles was investigated using both real-time PCR and conventional PCR to determine the vectorial capacity of the collected species. Of the 765 Anopheles specimens, 2 individuals, such as 1 An. dirus and 1 An. pampanai, were found infected by P. vivax. Then, the infection rates were of 0.26% on the total sample, 0.41% in Binh Phuoc, 0.28% for An. dirus, and 20% for An. pampanai. No mosquito was found infected by either P. falciparum, P. knowlesi or Wuchereria bancrofti.The bacterial flora in Anopheles midguts was analyzed using 2 identification methods based on culture and on 16S PCR-TTGE processed on 200 abdomens of 11 different Anopheles species. The results obtained showed the presence of 116 bacterial genera, including 18 common genera, belonging to 7 phyla such as Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Synergistetes. The dominant genus in Dak Nong was Acinetobacter and Staphyloccocus in Binh Phuoc. Acinetobacter was dominant in the bacterial community of all studied Anopheles. The genus Enterobacter, which can influence the development of the Plasmodium, represented a prevalence of 1.7% of the microbiome of our specimens compared to 39.2% for the predominant genus Acinetobacter. This latter genus was significantly associated to Anopheles infected with Plasmodium vivax
Pagès, Frédéric. "Approche entomologique des risques vectoriels pour les forces armées françaises outre mer." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20679.
Full textGoupeyou, Youmsi Jessy Marlène. "Contribution des anophèles à la transmission de Plasmodium falciparum et de Plasmodium vivax à Madagascar. Mise en place d'une plateforme expérimentale pour l'étude de leur compétence vectorielle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS178/document.
Full textMalaria remains a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. The limited number of antimalarial drugs, the emergence of resistances and the lack of an effective vaccine, make vector control the main preventive strategy for this disease. Current methods of vector control aim at limiting or interrupting parasite development in the vector mosquito. It is therefore necessary to improve our understanding on interactions between the Anopheles vector, its environment and the parasite Plasmodium. In Madagascar, Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus are the major vectors of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Anopheles mascarensis, an endemic species, may also be an important vector. In this context, the main objective of my PhD was to deepen the knowledge on An. mascarensis through a review. The data collected indicate that An. mascarensis is a complex of sibling species. I could thus provide the foundation for targeted molecular analysis. In parallel, in order to evaluate their vector competence, I contributed in a major way to the establishment of the first experimental platform of Madagascar to infect anopheline mosquitoes by P. falciparum and P. vivax. Finally, combining entomology and immuno-parasitology, we analysed the contribution of vectors to malaria transmission in two neighbouring villages. All the work done during my PhD contributes to a better knowledge of the diversity of malaria transmission in Madagascar, especially on the effective contribution of the different vector species. In addition, the establishment of the experimental platform for infections will further allow the analysis of the competence of vector Anopheles populations
Machault, Vanessa. "Utilisation de données d'observation de la terre par satellite pour l'évaluation des densités vectorielles et de la transmission du paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20722/document.
Full textDespite national an international efforts, malaria remains a major public health in manycountries and sanitary systems are hindered by the lack of information on the actual burden ofmalaria, on the plasmodium transmission risk and on their geographical distribution.Nevertheless, spatial heterogeneity can be important and in this context, malaria control couldbe improved if could be focused in place and time. On one hand, the environment is a majordeterminant of malaria biodiversity, because of the vectorial transmission and the vectorsbioecological preferences. On another hand, orbiting satellites can provide environmental,climatic and meteorological data that already have been used for the study of infectiousdiseases. “Tele-epidemiology” has been defined as an integrated approach aiming atassociating medical, epidemiological or entomological ground data, with remotely-sensedenvironmental data, based on the in depth comprehension and measurement of the involvedphysical and biological mechanisms. In cities, it has already been possible to highlightassociations between mapped urban settings and malariometric indices, using satellite data atappropriate scales. Among travellers, in the objective to evaluate malaria risk or efficacy ofprophylactic devices, it would be useful to evaluate and predict transmission levels in thevisited places. The objective of the present thesis was to identify environmental factors thatcould be remotely-sensed and that could be used in the evaluation of malaria risk amongtravellers on one hand and in urban settings on the other hand.First, remotely-sensed data have been used to evaluate levels of exposure to malaria risk ofmilitaries, in the scope of a study on their risk factors for clinical malaria. Results haveshowed that, even when taking into account age and compliance to chemoprophylaxis asconfusion factors, the environment was the factor the most strongly associated to clinicalmalaria risk.In parallel, an extensive entomological study has been conducted during five years in Dakarand allowed demonstrating a strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malariatransmission in the city. Collected information were centralized in a georeferenced database(GIS - Geographic Information System) containing all entomological, environmental,meteorological, biological and physical data collected on the field or by remote sensing.Finally, modelling of entomological risk in the capital city of Senegal was undertaken, basedon data collected on the ground and environmental data issued from satellites. A first stepshowed the evolution of malaria transmission risk areas and allowed declaring that thefraction of human population that was at high risk for transmission decreased between 1996and 2007. A second step led to the development of 1) a map of the breeding sites with aproductivity indicator in Dakar city, 2) a map of aggressive adult Anopheles densities, and 3)a dynamic aspect was added to those maps, taking into account the variations of theirmeteorological determinants.The results of the work undertaken in this thesis demonstrated that remotely-sensedinformation, associated with a large amount of ground data, allow to adjust predictive models and to draw entomological risk maps, in urban settings or for moving populations
Vaillant, Michel. "Déploiement d’une nouvelle stratégie de traitement d’une maladie à transmission vectorielle : application au paludisme, analyse des pratiques thérapeutiques, et conséquences sur l’épidémiologie de P. falciparum en Casamance, Sénégal, 1996 - 2009." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21804/document.
Full textMalaria remains a major health burden for mankind despite trends towards a decrease in the number of cases in most endemic areas. The research summarized in this thesis concerns the deployment of an artemisinin-containing antimalarial drug combination (ACT) in a rural district of moderately intense transmission. The choice of an adapted treatment must be evidence based. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are considered the most robust form of evidence. However, visual displays should be improved in order to improve decision making.Furthermore, to complement evidence from clinical trials, drugs should be studied when used in real-life conditions and followed-up over time for their efficacy, safety, parasite susceptibility, quality of case management, malaria epidemiology.A pilot programme to change case management modalities was started in 2000 in Mlomp, Senegal. The programme was embedded in the public health system and aimed at replacing the previous policy (single-agent treatment on clinical grounds) with the new policy (ACT for parasitologically confirmed malaria). The work conducted to support the scaling-up of the new policy allows improving case management and provides elements towards a better understanding of obstacles to the deployment of the new strategy and its effects on the health of populations
Berthuel, Marie. "Microstructuration de surface et protection par encapsulation : applications aux biocapteurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV002.
Full textThis thesis explores two ways to enhance the performance of an electrochemical affinity biosensor for the detection of dengue anti-NS1 antibodies.The first goal was to improve the limit of detection and sensitivity of biosensors using microstructuration of the transducer. Based on finite element modelling, an optimal range of the microcone geometric parameters was defined. After construction, the microcone-covered electrodes were characterised using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. At the end of the optimisation process, glucose biosensors were fabricated to demonstrate the increased performance gains of an amperometric biosensing platform. Finally, in order to validate the interest of the microcones for an affinity biosensor, a label-free impedimetric immunosensor allowing the quantification of the cholera toxin B-subunit was studied as a model before performing an immunosensor of interest for dengue antibodies. The immunosensors were made on two types of electrodes: microcone-coated electrodes and interdigitated electrodes.A second goal was to improve the shelf-life of lateral-flow biosensors by microencapsulating labelled biomolecules, mandatory for competitive detection. For this purpose, low-cost polymer microcapsules have been developed. Methylene blue and an enzyme, glucose oxidase, were encapsulated in a dry state. Their release was followed by UV-visible spectroscopy and/or electrochemistry after breaking the microcapsules by mechanical action and/or with ultrasonic agitation
Misslin, Renaud. "Modélisation de l'environnement d'un moustique vecteur de maladies : l'exemple d'Aedes aegypti à Delhi (Inde) et Bangkok (Thaïlande)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR031/document.
Full textAedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue and Zika virus. Surveillance and vector control are frontline weapons in the battle against arboviruses transmitted by this mosquito. In this framework, the following thesis introduces a conceptual model (MODE) which can be used to recreate in silico the dynamical environment of Aedes aegypti at scales that match the ones at which vector control campaigns are organised (city scale - MODE-macro) and performed (neighbourhood scale - MODE-micro). The environment thus generated can be integrated with an agent-based model to simulate dengue or Zika complex pathogenic systems (environment - vector - host - virus) and can be used to map the environmental hazard of the vectorial risk in a city. The conceptual model MODE is based on a phenomenological approach that is transferable in time and space : it can be applied in different urban contexts, at different periods of time and at different scales. In order to ensure their spatio-temporal genericity, the computer models MODE-micro (neighbourhood scale) and MODE-macro (city scale) have been implemented for the purpose of generating dynamical environments using open or easily accessible data. In this thesis, MODE's potentials were assessed in Delhi (India), and Bangkok (Thailand).Knowledge resulting from the study of the dynamic, multifactorial and non-linear relationships between the environment and the vector should lead to the improvement of vector surveillance and control strategies
Gaillard, Béatrice. "Optimisation des stratégies de communication durant les épidémies d'arboviroses." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30096.
Full textThe burden of Aedes-borne arbovirus (ie dengue, chikungunya, Zika, yellow fever...) has increased substantially during the last two decades. In the absence of vaccine and / or curative treatment for most of these pathogens, their prevention and control are mainly based on the control of mosquitoes vectors, through integrated strategies of vector control where collective participation is pivotal. Thus, as advocated by WHO that makes social mobilization one of the pillars of the fight against arboviroses, communication plans must be constantly optimized.Therefore, the overall goal of this PhD is to evaluate the influence of prevention messages and the relevance of new media such as Twitter to optimize communication strategies to effectively influence the behavior of exposed populations. This work was carried out in two epidemiological situations: the south of France, where this risk is recent following the invasion of the potential vector Aedes albopictus, and Martinique where the mosquito Aedes aegypti is implemented since decades and can generates an habituation feeling of the inhabitants.In a first part, we aim defining the nature of the most efficient message through interviews with the populations of southern France and Martinique. In a second part, we evaluate the robustness of twitter as a source of revalant information to adapt ni real-time communication strategies. Finally, in a third part, we estimate the feelings as measured on Twitter during an outbreak of Chikungunya and explain, from a sociological point of view, how the different communication strategies performed by the authorities have impacted population feelings.Keywords: social networks, twitter, human behavior, arboviroses, chikungunya
Faverjon, Céline. "Risk based surveillance for vector-borne diseases in horses : combining multiple sources of evidence to improve decision making." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22604/document.
Full textEmerging vector-borne diseases are a growing concern, especially for horse populations, which are at particular risk for disease spread. In general, horses travel widely and frequently and, despite the health and economic impacts of equine diseases, effective health regulations and biosecurity systems to ensure safe equine movements are not always in place. The present work proposes to improve the surveillance of vector-borne diseases in horses through the use of different approaches that assess the probability of occurrence of a newly introduced epidemic. First, we developed a spatiotemporal quantitative model which combined various probabilities in order to estimate the risk of introduction of African horse sickness and equine encephalosis. Such combinations of risk provided more a detailed picture of the true risk posed by these pathogens. Second, we assessed syndromic surveillance systems using two approaches: a classical approach with the alarm threshold based on the standard error of prediction, and a Bayesian approach based on a likelihood ratio. We focused particularly on the early detection of West Nile virus using reports of nervous symptoms in horses. Both approaches provided interesting results but Bayes’ rule was especially useful as it provided a quantitative output and was able to combine different epidemiological information. Finally, a Bayesian approach was also used to quantitatively combine various sources of risk estimation in a multivariate syndromic surveillance system, as well as a combination of quantitative risk assessment with syndromic surveillance (applied to West Nile virus and equine encephalosis, respectively). Combining evidence provided promising results. This work, based on risk estimations, strengthens the surveillance of VBDs in horses and can support public health decision making. It also, however, highlights the need to improve data collection and data sharing, to implement full performance assessments of complex surveillance systems, and to use effective communication and training to promote the adoption of these approaches
Le, Tyrant Marion. "Perceptions individuelles et mobilisations collectives autour du moustique Aedes albopictus dans le sud de la France : anthropologie des politiques sanitaires de prévention." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0643.
Full textThe mosquito Aedes albopictus, is the potential vector of different viruses, such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, and is present in about 40 departments of mainland France. The experience of the cases and the autochthonous clusters of dengue fever and Chikungunya recorded in Europe and in mainland France in the last 10 years confirm the authorities’ interest in anticipating this problem by adopting collective strategies. The work of this thesis is based on the ethnography of the interactions between the local authority agents of the communauté d’agglomération Var-Esterel-Méditerranée and the local residents, as well as on a series of semi-structured interviews with institutional players and citizens of the city of Nîmes. Starting from the analysis of the words and actions, this work proposes an investigation of the perceptions concerning the mosquito nuisance and health risks associated with Aedes albopictus, as well as of the individual and collective measures. This thesis work wants to show how the fight against Aedes albopictus and the promotion of social mobilization at the local scale are less related to strict health issues and more broadly to political issues, particularly the local political agenda priorities. The more general issue we discuss is to understand whether the local institution implication in the fight against tiger mosquitoes reveals local identities and foreshadow local and also more general social inequalities in terms of access to information and prevention of health risks and quality of life of the populations
Faucher, Benoit. "Epidémiologie des protozooses autochtones en PACA : de l'optimisation du diagnostic à l'éco-épidémiologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5091/document.
Full textThe epidemiology of Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in the Mediterranean basin has been studied for more than a century. Yet, our understanding of these diseases must be updated because ongoing environmental modifications impact their distribution, because affected population change, and because new technical and statistical tools have become available. We first reviewed scientific literature about visceral leishmaniasis. Then, we conducted a clinical study about autochtonous mucosal leishmaniasis due to L. infantum: we showed that this disease was characterized by underrecognition, low local invasiveness, and risk of visceral spreading. Afterwards, an eco-epidemiological study showed that foci of leishmanisis involved different biotopes in South-Eastern France: we specifically highlighted a urban transmission in the Marseille focus. Finally, an entomological survey confirmed this urban transmission and addressed cocirculation with phleboviruses.Then, we studied congenital toxoplasmosis. We contributed to improve technical performances of current screening strategy: we first showed that an optimized extraction of Toxoplasma DNA from amniotic fluid using NucliSENS easyMAG proved superior to manual extraction using QIAamp DNA minikit. Then, we found that comparison of mother and child antibodies that target high-molecular-mass Toxoplasma gondii antigens by immunoblotting improves neonatal diagnosis. Finally, we reported the 16-year long evolution of 127 children congenitally infected with T. gondii and showed that despite early treatment 19% of children finally developed chorioretinitis
DUPAQUIER, THIERRY. "Caracterisation vectorielle des canaux de transmission en vhf." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10130.
Full textVu, Hai Vinh. "Salivary antigenic proteins from Ixodidae and Anopheles : a novel tool for vector-borne diseases monitoring." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5052/document.
Full textVector-borne diseases (VBD) are a major health problem worldwide. The emergence of VBD requires novel monitoring tools. The present project focused on two vector families: Ixodidae (R. sanguineus, D. reticulatus and I. ricinus) and Anopheles (An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus). A review updates the repartition of TBD, their vectors in Europe, prior to present the different tools for monitoring of TBD transmission. The experimental part focused on establishing methods for selection of useful vector salivary proteins for host-vector contact assessment. Concerning Ixodidae, the studied antigenic strategy successfully identified the shared and discriminant tick salivary antigenic proteins. These identified proteins could be an useful tool to measure host exposition to Ixodidae bites. Concerning Anopheles, the studied candidate strategy revealed an salivary antigenic protein ( f-5’nuc) that could be a promising antigenic marker to distinguish malaria vector exposure at the species level. To comfort these results, the relationship between the kinetic host antibody response against anopheline salivary candidates and the Anopheles fauna population and density variations is under progress. The present work underlined that both two studied vector families following blood meal can elicit a host antibody response against injected vector salivary antigenic proteins. This project proposed for the first time some vector salivary proteins allowing discriminating host exposure to vector bites from genus to species level, opening new strategies for VBD monitoring at the individual and population levels
Boquel, Sébastien. "Propension vectorielle des pucerons dans l’épidémiologie du virus Y (PVY) en culture de pommes de terre." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0107.
Full textPotato virus Y (PVY) is a phytovirus transmitted in a non-persistent fashion by aphid vectors to a broad range of plants. A diagnosis carried out in 2006 in Picardy showed that 80 to 90 % of aphids trapped in potato fields corresponded to non-colonizing potato aphids. Thus, the main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the ability of different aphid species to transmit PVY to potato plants, whether they were potato colonizing aphids (Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae) or not (Aphis fabae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Sitobion avenae, Acyrtosiphon pisum et Rhopalosiphum padi). For each aphid species, vector activity, corresponding to the behavioural component (feeding and locomotion behaviour) involved in the spreading of phytoviruses and vector efficiency, corresponding to its ability to acquire and inoculate viruses, were determined. The vector activity study showed that in potato colonizing aphids, apterous individuals, born from colonizing alates, exhibit a sedentary behaviour and that alate dispersal ability is higher in M. Persicae than in M. Euphorbiae. Both colonizing species did not realize interplant movements contrary to non-colonizing ones. Through the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, the feeding behaviour study revealed that all species performed the intracellular punctures necessary for virus acquisition and inoculation. The infection status of the plant can modulate aphid vector activity and therefore can strongly impact on the PVY spreading. PVY-infected plants induced a phagostimulant effect on M. Persicae and S. Avenae, and a deterrent one in M. Euphorbiae, A. Fabae and B. Brassicae. Furthermore, dual choice bioassays revealed that all the aphid species tested were unable to discriminate between a healthy and a PVY-infected plant. The vector efficiency study was set up according to a novel methodology that involved the use of in vitro plants and the determination of different virus acquisition periods depending on the aphid species considered. Results showed high transmission rates for potato colonizing aphids (83 % for M. Persicae and 27 % for M. Euphorbiae), a medium to low rate for A. Pisum, B. Brassicae and S. Avenae (< 20 %) and no transmission for A. Fabae and R. Padi. Despite the high transmission rates observed for colonizing aphid species, their involvement in PVY epidemiology may be overestimated due to their sedentary behaviour. By contrast, some non-colonizing species, notably A. Pisum, B. Brassicae and S. Avenae, exhibited a vector activity favouring the spread of viruses and their high population densities in potato fields may compensate for their lower vector efficiency. This work highlights the potential role of non-colonizing potato aphid species and brings new insights into our understanding of the mechanisms governing the PVY epidemiological dynamics
Fansiri, Thanyalak. "Base génétique de la compétence vectorielle d'une population naturelle d'Aedes aegypti pour les virus de la dengue." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066086.
Full textBecker, Claire. "Étude des stades de transmission de Babesia divergens." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S020.
Full textBabesia divergens is a protozoan parasite of bovine red blood cells. It is transmitted by the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. The life cycle of this parasite inside its vector is not precisely known. The aim was here to identify the transmission stages of B. Divergens, on one hand the sporozoite (transmission from the vector to the vertebrate host) and on the other hand the gametocyte (transmission from the vertebrate to the vector). First numerous tick experimental infections were conducted to isolate the sporozoites from the tick transmitting organ, the salivary glands. Even if no parasite could be isolated for B. Divergens, the identification of sporozoites from another species B. Sp. EU1 inside I. Ricinus confirmed that the developed methods were appropriate. Concerning the gametocyte, genes, that are conserved among the Apicomplexa and specific of sexual stages, were selected in P. Falciparum genome by bioinformatics. Three orthologs bdccp1, 2 & 3 were identified in B. Divergens and their mRNA were proved to be present inside the intraerythrocytic parasite population. The study of one of the corresponding proteins, BdCCp2, using immune sera directed against recombinant peptides, confirm the existence of B. Divergens’ sexual stages inside tick gut. Produced tools and methods will allow the acquisition of knowledge on B. Divergens’ transmission
Goldstein, Valérie. "Epidémiologie vectorielle de la borréliose de Lyme en France." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ104/document.
Full textVector-borne diseases are today a major threat for human and animal health. Among those diseases, Lyme borreliosis is the most frequent vector-borne disease occurring in the Northern hemisphere, and the numbers of humans affected have been increasing in some parts of the world. In France, Lyme borreliosis is endemic to several regions including the Alsace region.The aim of this work was to investigate nymph densities and infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdoferi sl and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in this region. We compared our results to those obtained by Ferquel et al. in 2003 and 2004. We studied environmental factors involved in inter-site nymph density variability and mapped Lyme borreliosis nymph density in Alsace.For instance our work that has been conducted in Alsace, is now extended in other region of France. It will be interesting to validate our results with data from other area
Fretin, Alice. "La responsabilité des particuliers en matière de transmission de maladie." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G028.
Full textAn HIV positive person who is in a non-protected sexual relationship with a third party without revealing his serologic status ; a person who does not inform his relatives or his spouse of the existence of a genetic inherited anomaly ; parents who refuse to vaccinate their child or who let him stay in school ill ; a person reached by an acute shape of tuberculosis who takes the subway, or even worse who carries bags full of bacilli of stinking diseases. If these situations encountered in practice can’t be understood under the same legal angle, they all however invite one to wonder if a private party should be taken to justice regarding the diseases they transmit or from which they expose others. If the affirmative answer appears to be the evidence, a study of the case-law however forces to significantly nuance it. Furthermore, the question is more complexe than it seems, because, if the transmission of a genetical disease regularly crosses the doors of the courts, the genetic transmission is still far from them today. But for how long ? To better understand today and tomorrow’s stakes, linked to the intrusion of the responsibility in areas which usually fall within the context of the private sphere and decision making autonomy, we must check the real scope of the individual responsibility placed on the population, by determining its exact nature, and especially its capacity to achieve public deterrence. The careful reconciliation between security and liberty, between rights and duties, has not yet obviously been found, this thesis contributes to assess its balance point
Schmidt, Isabelle. "La transmission du virus de la mosaïque du chou-fleur (CaMV) par puceron : étude du mécanisme moléculaire d'action du facteur assistant de la transmission (FAT)." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR4002.
Full textDavid, Benjamin. "Contribution rabbinique à la réflexion éthique : transmission des maladies génétiques et Eugénisme." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T029.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the analysis of Jewish ethic's perspective regarding the medical solutions of the transmission of genetic diseases. After we have proved that the Talmudic scholars recognized the dangers of transmitting genetic diseases we will present clinical cases. Each one presents a medical and ethical problem that we will analyse. The principal subject is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) that allows the prevention of bearing a sick child. In which clinical cases is this procedure ethically acceptable and in which is it considered eugenics? Are a couple who are at risk to have a child with a genetic disease obliged to bear children? Are they obliged to undergo PGD? Regarding eugenics we will prove that this notion is entirely antithetical to Judaism and the practice of eugenics stands in direct contradiction to Jewish law
Vidal, Sophie. "La transmission transplacentaire des protozoaires." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P145.
Full textNougein, Patrice. "L'évolution du concept de contagion à travers les siècles en occident et les mesures de protection sanitaire qui en ont decoulé." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA07B183.
Full textLE, HEN GILLES. "Quantification vectorielle des coefficients de prediction lineaire : application dans le codeur vectoriel a prediction adaptative, etude en presence d'erreurs de transmission isolees." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN10085.
Full textBertholet, Ambre. "Influence de la protéine de fusion mitochondriale OPA1 sur le métabolisme oxydatif neuronal et la transmission synaptique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2180/.
Full textIn the past few years, multiple findings have suggested that disruptions of mitochondrial functions and dynamics contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial functions in neurons include regulation of calcium and redox signaling, developmental and synaptic plasticity as well as the arbitration of cell survival and death. Mitochondrial dynamics controls the organelle's morphology via a delicate balance of two opposing forces: mitochondrial fusion and fission that are regulated by large dynamin-related GTPases evolutionary conserved from yeast to human. We have previously demonstrated that the fusion protein OPA1 loss or mutations led to mitochondrial inner membrane dysfunctions and apoptosis of particular importance in optic nerve pathologies like ADOA1 (autosomal dominant optic atrophy). While links emerge between defects in mitochondrial fusion and neurodegeneration, the processes involved are still largely unknown. To understand the mechanisms by which alterations of mitochondrial dynamics could contribute to mitochondria dysfunction, eventually leading to neurodegeneration, we studied the effects of OPA1 loss of function in neurons ex vivo. In cortical neurons, RNA interference of the fusion protein OPA1 led to mitochondrial fragmentation without altering neither mitochondrial distribution nor neuronal death rate. While there was no incidence on dendrites and axon size and numbers, the quantity of several synaptic proteins was reduced, suggesting synaptic impairment. In these conditions, the redox state of OPA1 depleted-neurons was impaired and specific respiratory complex proteins quantities were decreased. Finally, electrophysiological recordings showed that OPA1 depletion induced changes in synaptic transmission, particularly in decreasing of EPSC frequency and by increasing IPSC frequency. Interestingly, forskolin treatment rescue these electrophysiological defaults. In conclusion, our data may offer new insights not only into mitochondrial dynamics-linked neurodegenerative diseases like ADOA1 but to other neurodegenerative pathologies correlated with oxidative metabolism such as Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases
Sixou, Michel. "Etude épidémiologique de la transmission d'Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans dans la parodontite aigue͏̈ juvénile." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30227.
Full textFarraudière, Laurence. "Aedes aegypti à la Martinique : écologie et transmission des arbovirus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT074/document.
Full textAedes aegypti mosquito is a major public health problem because it is the main vector of Yellow Fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses worldwide. In the Americas, the mosquito was introduced from Africa during the seventeenth century. In Martinique, between 2013 and 2016, the species has actively transmitted Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses, placing the island in an epidemic situation. On the island, Dengue has become endemic in nearly 20 years, with 7 major epidemics (1995, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013); the 2010 epidemic affected almost 40,000 people and caused 18 deaths. Chikungunya virus was introduced in December 2013 and the epidemic lasted until January 2015 and affected 72,520 people (including 83 deaths). Zika virus was introduced in December 2015 and the epidemic lasted throughout 2016 (36,000 cases estimated up to September 30th). In this context of active circulation of arboviruses, and the will to improve the current knowledge on the bioecology of the vector Ae. aegypti, we initiated the work on "Aedes aegypti in Martinique : ecology and transmission of arboviruses."Detection and characterization of Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in natural populations of the mosquito have first confirmed the role of Ae. aegypti as the main vector of these arboviruses on the island. These results allow to consider the establishment of a virological monitoring tool for surveillance of viruses circulating on the island; this can have an operational application such as the control of emerging households.Then, studies of larval mosquito ecology have been initiated. Physicochemical studies of breeding sites waters, impact of deltamethrin after spatial spray and their impacts on larval development and mosquito life traits showed no effect on the general reserves of emerging adults confirmed that the phenomenon of insecticide resistance of local populations of Ae. aegypti is an obstacle in the strategy against the vector. Locally, these studies are intended to supplement data and knowledge about the mosquito, for a more efficient management of the sanitary and epidemiological risks associated
Ollivier, Matthieu. "Rôle des anomalies de transmission des contraintes dans la pathogénèse des maladies fémoro-acétabulaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4094/document.
Full textAs parts of this thesis we focused on two femoro-acetabular diseases whose pathogenesis appears to be related to "biomechanical local conditions". The first part of this thesis was devoted to analyze the influence of bony anatomy on the development of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. We thus aimed to analyze ONA patients’ anatomy in a matched-controlled fashioned study. Our results demonstrate that patients with ONA often present a particular anatomy. A finite element model of ten iONA hips validated our hypothesis since we found an overlap between bone necrosis area and femoro-acetabular strains bearing area. The assumption that a mechanical pathogenesis may be responsible for ONA development has been confirmed by our results.If the relationship between bony anatomy and bone disease is quite intuitive, acetabular labrum involvement (AL) in the regulation of femoro-acetabular mechanical conditions is unclear. The mechanical role of the AL is widely controversial, though some authors attributed, AL, a key role in hip joint’s mechanics, others advocated its complete resection in case of painful traumatic tears. We tried to demonstrate AL’s mechanical role in a multimodal analysis combining kinematic, strains and finite element analysis. The AL deforms during abduction movement reflecting femoro-labral strains’ transmission. Those strains have been recorded using piezo-resistive sensors, they increase during adduction to abduction movement. These elements were confirmed by our finite element model: labral resection changed the Femoro-acetabular strains to the detriment of cartilage surfaces
Arzul, Isabelle. "Herpèsvirus infectant les bivalves marins : détection, génome et transmission." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20176.
Full textBoutareaud, Amaya. "Transmission de Spiroplasma citri par la cicadelle Circulifer haematoceps : implication de la protéine SC76 : "solute binding protein" d'un ABC transporteur : étude d'une lignée de Spiroplasma citri affectée dans sa transmission." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20993.
Full textKwong, Mylène D. "Transmission efficace en temps réel de la voix sur réseaux ad hoc sans fil." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1827.
Full textRevollon, Sébastien. "Rôle des modifications posttraductionnelles des particules virales du CABYV dans la transmission par puceron." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6014.
Full textPrevious studies on the Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) have shown that a deglycosylation of virus structural proteins inhibit the transmission of the virus by aphids. This suggested that TuYV structural proteins were glycosylated and that glycosylation could have a leading role in the vection mechanism of the virus. First, this manuscript describes how we try to dermine the presence of glycosylation on the Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) structural proteins. Different approaches were used as point mutation of potential N-glycosylated sites, immunodetection and mass-spectrometry. All this approaches lead to an absence of glycosylation on CABYV structural proteins. However a plant protein copurifying with the virus was glycosylated and could explain the results obtained in the previous studies. The second part of this manuscript describes the study of the role of different plants protein in the transmission mechanism by aphid of polervoris. A stimulating effect is observed on the transmission process, however this effect is not specific
Mamet, Jean-Philippe. "Evaluation d'un réseau télé-informatique de surveillance des maladies transmissibles, exemple de la listériose." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P102.
Full textGirard, Anne. "Recherche d'une transmission hétérosexuelle du virus de l'hépatite C : à propos de 26 couples." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25037.
Full textAfonso, Eve Poulle Marie-Lazarine Gilot-Fromont Emmanuelle. "Etude de la dynamique de la transmission de Toxoplasma gondii dans des mileux contrastés." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000735.pdf.
Full textMoiroux, Nicolas. "Modélisation du risque d'exposition aux moustiques vecteurs de Plasmodium spp. dans un contexte de lutte anti-vectorielle." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812118.
Full textGrout-Gerletti, Dominique. "Maladies et ambiance médicale à Carthage et en Afrique romaine au IIIè siècle de notre ère : étude du témoignage de l'évêque Cyprien." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100035.
Full textThis thesis aims at distinguishing fact from fiction in the use of medical terms by bishop Cyprian of Cartago, particularly in the years 251-253 when the plague epidemic started. The bishop seems to describe the symptoms of the disease in paragraph 14 of his treatise de mortalities. After a survey of the idea of crisis in roman Africa during the third century, and after studying other literary and archaeological documents about the plague which testify that the father of the church was a witness to the plague epidemic (as a matter of fact he was later considered as a kind of protector against the pestilence), we have tried to know, in chapter 3, whether his report on the disease was relevant or not. The second part is an attempt to elucidate paragraph 14. On chapter 4, we aim at establishing a link with some diseases which were rife at that time. But of course, we do not claim to utter retrospective diagnosis. Chapter 5 records the biblical quotations including medical vocabulary and meaning that, even if consonant with Bishop Cyprian’s theological conceptions, are relevantly used in context whenever he means to convey apocalyptic forebodings. Chapter 6 contains quotations of some passages from Tertullian’s works that are
Fromont, Emmanuelle. "Analyse comparative de la transmission de cinq virus dans des populations de chats domestiques (Felis catus L. )." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10190.
Full textBiteau-Coroller, Fabienne. "Surveillance et évaluation du risque de transmissiondes maladies vectorielles émergentes : apport de la capacité vectorielleExemple de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137450.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est à la fois d'étudier les outils méthodologiques et diagnostiques disponibles pour évaluer les risques liés à la FCM et d'en développer d'autres afin d'améliorer la surveillance de cette maladie en France.
Une première étude a constitué en l'évaluation des performances épidémiologiques du test sérologique (ELISA de compétition) utilisé pour le diagnostic et la surveillance de la FCM en Corse et sur le continent français. Une analyse du plan de surveillance de la circulation virale dans le contexte particulier corse a également été conduite. Elle a permis notamment d'identifier les points critiques de ce dispositif.
Suite à la détection de la présence de Culicoides imicola, vecteur biologique impliqué dans la circulation du virus de la FCM (BTV) sur le pourtour méditerranéen, dans la vallée de l'Argens (département du Var), le besoin de développer de nouveaux outils pour surveiller et évaluer le risque de transmission de ce virus dans des zones d'implantation récente est devenu nécessaire. Une étude entomologique a ainsi été mise en place dans la vallée de l'Argens afin i) de confirmer l'installation de C. imicola dans cette zone, ii) de suivre la dynamique de cette population sur une saison d'activité, iii) de collecter des données entomologiques pour estimer le potentiel de transmission de cette population de vecteurs. Un modèle stochastique de capacité vectorielle regroupant des données spécifiques des populations locales de C. imicola et des données publiées dans la littérature est ainsi proposé. Une étude de la compétence de C. imicola vis-à-vis du sérotype 9 de la FCM a, de plus, été initiée.
La discussion générale s'attarde sur les points qui semblent importants pour améliorer le dispositif de surveillance et avancer vers la mise en place d'un système d'alerte précoce. Elle ouvre également de nouvelles perspectives pour prolonger l'approche intégrative proposée en incluant notamment des travaux de géomatique initiés sur C. imicola. Elle pose, de plus, la question d'un passage à une échelle d'étude plus large. Les questions de recherche que pose l'épizootie récente de FCM dans le Nord de l'Europe sont finalement examinées.
Théraud, Magali. "Contamination de l'environnement par les levures et impact en termes de santé publique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B074.
Full textChubilleau, Catherine. "Optimisation de tests sérologiques de dépistage : exemple de la bilharziose : Intérêts et limites de la séro-épidémiologie des maladies infectieuses d'origine hydrique." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13516.
Full textLapidus, Nathanaël. "Etude des déterminants individuels, collectifs et environnementaux du risque d'infection par le virus grippal pandémique A/H1N1." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066408.
Full textFactors associated with influenza virus transmission and susceptibility to infection still remain not well understood. The risk for infection can be considered as the result of an interaction between factors linked to the pathogen, the host (including the immune system) and the characteristics of exposure (environmental parameters and interhuman contacts). The emergence of the novel A/H1N1 virus, causing the 2009 pandemic, had offered a promising research opportunity to study the determinants usually associated with influenza infections in general and in particular regarding a virus for which the susceptibility of the population was very variable and linked with previous exposure of subjects to viruses that were genetically close. To study influenza infections and their determinants, a cohort of 601 households (1450 subjects) in the French general population was established in late 2009 using a multidisciplinary approach. The follow-up of this cohort, which involves the collection of biological samples and an active tracking of influenza-like symptoms, notably consists of a detailed collection of clinical and epidemiological data (including information regarding the subjects’ environment, their contacts, and their risk perception likely to impact their behavior). The analysis of this massive database offers a novel opportunity to study the risk of infection as a result of a complex interaction of factors which have previously been studied separately. This project implicated the use of new analytical methods, inspired by the “omics” approach already used for the simultaneous study of a large number of covariates