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Academic literature on the topic 'Maladies autoimmunes – Aspect moléculaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maladies autoimmunes – Aspect moléculaire"
Pers, Jacques-Olivier, Christophe Jamin, Yves Renaudineau, Divi Cornec, Sandrine Jousse-Joulin, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec, Alain Saraux, and Pierre Youinou. "Reclassification moléculaire des maladies autoimmunes systémiques pour identifier de nouveaux bio-marqueurs pertinents (Étude PRECISESADS)." Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 199, no. 6 (June 2015): 991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4079(19)30907-0.
Full textBenhamou, N., and K. Picard. "La résistance induite : une nouvelle stratégie de défense des plantes contre les agents pathogènes." Article de synthèse 80, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706189ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Maladies autoimmunes – Aspect moléculaire"
Humphreys, Manterola Derek Andrew Robert. "Constitution d'un rapport de l'immunologie à la psychanalyse : l'approche du somatique." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070037.
Full textOur interest is on the first place the determination of the status of auto-immune diseases. This opens the question of the relationships between the biological individuality and the subjectivity. Are auto-immune diseases the manifestation of an unrecognizing-destructive SELF? Or are they just the result of a genetically determined dysfunction of integrative and communicational organic systems? The Self metaphor shows a certain historical utility, an epistemological tool. There is still a third possible reasoning: disease is always, in part, subjective; human nature is cultural. But the modern medicine's scientific quest of a diagnostic and therapeutic purity denies the subjective component of disease. Though an historical and epistemological approach, we established a splitting of individual aspects during the 2nd half of 19th century, moment of separation between "substantial" aspects that will become immunology, and "subjective" aspects, i. E. Psychoanalysis. The end of the 20th century will see a shift in the immunological speech. It will no longer be a matter of self organisation, protection against foreign, but a communication system within an integrated organism. However, this view won't be an answer to the auto-immune disease paradigm. Based on a clinical experience, we argue that a technological approach of modern medicine underestimates the disease concept. More than a psychosomatic clinic, we plea for a body in its whole, organic and subjective
Murera, Uwanyirigira Diane. "Study of lymphocyte autophagy in normal and autoimmune responses." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ068.
Full textAutophay is a catobolic lysosomal process essentail for cellular maintenance and fucntion such as lymphocyte homeosatsis. The generation of mice models with an Atg5 conditional knock-out in B and T cells respectively, have allowed us to study autophagy requirements of those immune cells in vivo. We have demonstrated that autophagy was dispensable for B cell development but that in autoimmune settings B cell autophagy was required for the maintenance of long-lived plasma cells and for the production of autoantibodies. In mice deficient for autophagy in T cells, long-term tumoral response to a T-dependent antigen is decreased. We also showed that in mice adoptively transferred with autophagy deficient CD4 T cells, the antigen specific memory humoral immune response was impaired. We also investigated the signaling pathways leading to autophagy induction upon TCR stimulation in normal and lupus T cells and showed that the calcium signaling is highly involved
Baudin, Marianne. "Approche métapsychologique d'une pathologie auto-immune féminine : le syndrome sec." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H002.
Full textSicca syndrome - or Gougerot Sjogren's syndrome - is an auto-immune disease whose main effects consist in salivary, lachrymal and vaginal secretions drying. Mainly a feminine one, this syndrome presents two forms : primary or secondary and then, it's associated to sclerodermia or lupus or other systemic diseases. . . In the part "theory", scientific and psychoanalytical points of view are studied and discussed as organizing actual debates in the new field of psycho-immunology. Freud's conceptualization of psychic system and psychosomatic theories give some markers to psychological functionning of such patients. Drying up and feminine characteristics of this pathology give rise to a reflexion about feminity in regard to its links with liquid element and also about ageing and menopause as natural drying up stage in the psychosexual life of women. Methodology is based on interview and projective methods, Rorschach and T. A. T. . It allowed a qualitative and a quantitative study of 36 cases of sicca syndrom (22 primary and 14 secondary) compared to 20 women controls. Hypothetis follow three axes : psychosomatic, feminity, ageing, added to a fourth axe about cerebral hypoperfusions shown by medical scanning. Results are presented and discussed in regard to new research perspectives : ageing, generally speaking, and changes send in psychic functionning by illness or by natural events, such as menopause. They offer some propositions about the care-giver relationship specially adressed to medical teams and psychotherapists who follow these patients hiding their failures behind a proud and stoic mask as price for their psychic survival
Boulard, Olivier. "Contrôle génétique de l'auto-immunité chez la souris Nonobese Diabetic (NOD). Les locus IDD5 et IDD 16 de susceptibilité au diabète." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N119.
Full textNonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is a reference strain for autoimmue diabetes. We have analized more precisely one of the susceptibility loci, Idd5 on chromosome 1. This locus is of special interest because the corresponding genetic region include candidate genes like Ctla4 or Icos. Moreover, the human synteny on chromosome 2q is also a susceptibility region for human diabetes (IDDM 12 locus) and include CTLA4. The Idd5 locus has been investigated using congenic recombinant strains of mice. We have also characterized the genetic control of autoimmune phenotypes associated to NOD mice diabetes, like the inducible thyroi͏̈ditis of chronic evolution and spontaneous infiltration of salivary glands
Woods, Anne. "Infection et autoimmunité : Approches expérimentale des mécanismes de rupture de la tolérance B lymphocytaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/WOODS_Anne_2007.pdf.
Full textAutoimmune diseases are associated with genetic and environmental factors. Among the latter, infections have been particularly implicated. However, the mecanisms of such an association between infections and autoimmune diseases are still unknown. We have tried to understand those mecanisms by using transgenic mouse models expressing chimeric rheumatoid factors (RF) in the presence or in the absence of their autoantigen (human IgG). In these models, RF B cells are ignorant towards their autoantigen. However, infection of RF trangenic mice with Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) breaks this state of tolerance thanks to the formation of Bb/anti-Bb human IgG immune complexes that induce a synergic signal between the BCR and a receptor recognising Bb antigens (probably a Toll-like receptor, TLR). This tolerance breakdown needs T cell help. On the other hand, infection with influenza virus does not break RF B cell tolerance in our tg model although this infection is able to induce type I IFN production, otherwise often associated with autoimmune diseases, and even when the transgene is expressend on an autoimmune background, NZBxNZW(F1). Bb infection induces a polyclonal B cell activation. Ce phenomenon is not well known, it has consequences on the immune response against infections and on the production of potentially harmfull autoantibodies. The infection of MyD88 deficient mice (considered at first to understand the role of TLR in the RF B cell tolerance breakdown) showed that this protein is important for polyclonal B cell activation. MyD88 inhibits the development of a Th2 immune response, thus probably preventing an increased production of IL-4 that can directly and excessively activate B cells
Rebouissoux, Laurent. "Les hépatites auto-immunes de l'enfant : à propos de 6 observations." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23067.
Full textLamontagne, Maxime. "Approches en génomique et bio-informatique afin de comprendre les bases moléculaires de la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35445.
Full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. Currently, no treatment existsto reverse COPD, which is predicted to be the third leading cause of mortality in the world by the year 2030. Important discoveries were made in the last decade, but the pathophysiology of the disease remains largely unknown. The aim of this thesis is to study the genetic component of COPD and more specifically 1) identify genes involved in the development of airflow obstruction, 2) identify lung eQTL in the major histocompatibility complex and find causal genes for lung function and respiratory diseases in this region, 3) find new susceptibility loci for COPD, and 4) evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of DNA sequencing of the SERPINA1 gene as a single test to diagnose alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and test the frequencies of AATD alleles in a Canadian COPD population. In the first study, we identified genes (CST3 and CD22) and signalling pathways (xenobiotic metabolism, apoptosis, protease–antiprotease and oxidant–antioxidant balance) involved in the development of airflow obstruction. We combined lung gene expression, whole genotyping data and clinical information’s from 1,111 subjects to identify potential causal genesand pathways. This study has identified underlying mechanisms implicated in the development of airflow obstruction. In the second study, westudied a critical genomic region for the immune system, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Previous studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located inside this locus with lung diseases and phenotypes (asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, lung cancer and lung function). We have identified new susceptibility genes for lung cancer (BTN3A2 and ZFP57), asthma (AGPAT1 and CDSN), lung function (MICB) and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (AGPAT1). Results from this study provide important biological insights about previously associated SNPsin the MHC. We were also involved in the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on COPD. This GWAS was performed by the International COPD Genetics Consortium (ICGC) and identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance. Genotypes of 63,192 subjects (15,256 cases and 47,936 controls) from 26 studies were used in the meta-analysis. Results were further replicated in 9,498 cases and 9,748 controls from the UK Biobank. Among the 22 associated loci, 9 were previously associated with COPD, 15 with lung function and 4 (EEFSEC, DSP, MTCL1and SFTPD) werenovel loci. Our findings highlight new loci associated with COPD and demonstrate the genetic overlap between lung function and COPD. Finally, the frequencies of deficient SERPINA1 alleles were evaluated in Canadian patients with COPD and DNA sequencing was evaluated as a single test strategy to detect AATD. DNA sequencing of the coding regions of SERPINA1 was performed in 400 individuals from the CanCOLD study (Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease). Nineteen genetic variants were identified, including 15 missense mutations and one new mutation. DNA sequencing of SERPINA1 revealed the true genetic nature of AATD and was demonstrated has an effective, fast, and inexpensive single test strategy to detect AATD. Studies presented in this thesis have identified genes and pathways involved in the development of COPD, which are new targetsfor future studies.
Bouvier, Sylvie. "Nouveaux acteurs moléculaires de la dysfonction vasculo-placentaire." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13505.
Full textVascular risk increases during pregnancy, contributing to maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, and potentially justifying primary and secondary preventive measures. Our work evaluates the impact of some determinants and the contribution of new molecular actors implicated in placental vascular dysfunction. The ultimate aim is to optimize management and to develop new therapeutic strategies. We studied the placental vascular complications associated with known biological markers: the factor V Leiden or prothrombin polymorphisms, and conventional markers of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Women with previous recurrent abortions carrying polymorphisms of either factor V or factor II, or with APS (treated with heparin and low-dose aspirin), had an increased risk of foetal loss during subsequent pregnancies. Women with a previous foetal loss carrying these biological markers, treated according to recommendations during a new pregnancy (heparin for the polymorphisms, heparin plus low-dose aspirin for APS) had a lower risk of foetal loss, but an excess of late complications was observed in the APS group despite prophylaxis. We evaluated the contribution of new markers of placental vascular dysfunction. The placental alkaline phosphatase enzyme (PLAP) is synthesized and expressed by syncytiotrophoblastic cells. We found that the Ile89Leu polymorphism of the PLAP gene provides protection against implantation failure and primary miscarriage and induces increased PLAP activity. We also studied (genetics, plasma determinations, in vitro fertilisation) an angiogenic factor (patent application underway), which we showed to be associated with idiopathic implantation failure and miscarriage. These findings suggest that these molecular actors are potentially useful for the diagnosis of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications and may be relevant biomarkers of embryo implantation and/or placental development. They may indicate new targets for relevant therapeutic strategies, potentially overcoming the limitations of the currently available treatments
Michou, Laëtitia. "Approches génétiques de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P603.
Full textThe aim of this work was to search for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) genetic factors using different clinical and molecular genetic approaches. The clinical genetic approach of this work led to exhibit familial aggregation of RA and autoimmune diseases (AID), and to show that some characteristics of the index case (RA age of onset and sex) were associated to an increased risk of RA and/or AID in the relatives. There seemed to be an influence of personal and/or familial autoimmunity on the results of linkage analysis, which probably needs to be studied on larger samples. The modelisation by MASC method of the HLA component in RA has up to now rejected the model in which a unique shared epitope (SE) should explain the disease susceptibility. A new classification based on the presence or not of the RAA motif at position 72 to 74, but modulated by the aminoacid at position 71 and the aminoacid at position 70 was proposed and allowed not to reject the SE hypothesis. This new classification was replicated in an independent sample. The candidate genes approach allowed to select 187 genes among the 1577 genes of known function in the 19 chromosomal regions suggested by the dense genome-wide scan. A linkage/association on a French and European sample of 465 trio families provided a linkage proof between the PTPN22-1858T polymorphism and RA, in the addition of the association reported in numerous publications in the Caucasian population. However, the association study of BlyS and CRLR genes, both located in suggested chromosomal regions by linkage analysis and good candidate genes by their function, were not associated with RA in a sample of 100 trio families. Finally, the search for gene-environment interaction in familial forms of RA led to show an interaction between tobacco, anti-CCP and the HLA-DRB1*0401, underlining a particular role of this allele among SE in this interaction
Pontais, Isabelle. "Réponses moléculaires à Erwinia amylovora de deux génotypes de pommier sensible et résistant au feu bactérien." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0002.
Full textErwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a disease that affects Maloideae including apple trees. The aim of this work was to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to disease susceptibility or resistance. In a first part the phenylpropanoid pathway was investigated. It has been indeed previously shown that some genes of this pathway are repressed by the bacteria, particularly in a susceptible genotype. In the present work, an in vitro analysis showed that two phenolics of apple (catechin and phloretin) have bactericidal effect against E. Amylovora and are able at lower concentrations to repress the expression of hrp genes, which are essential for the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The quantification by HPLC of phenolic compounds in a susceptible and a resistant apple genotypes during the interaction with E. Amylovora was performed. Results show that dihydrochalcones (DHC including phloretin) are the major phenolics in the organs studied (leaves). Every main DHC product of the susceptible genotype is repressed during the interaction with E. Amylovora, which is not the case in the resistant one. These compounds could then play a role in the resistance of apple to E. Amylovora. In a second part of this work, a global approach was undertaken by microarrays with a chip enriched in defense genes (768 genes on the whole). Results show that the salicylic acid pathway is early induced by the bacteria in the resistant genotype, whereas the jasmonic pathway is repressed in the susceptible one. Expressions of some genes were validated through quantitative PCR. Analysis of the involvement of Hrp effectors in the observed inductions or repressions demonstrates that DspA/E and HrpN have a leading role and often work in combination
Books on the topic "Maladies autoimmunes – Aspect moléculaire"
J, Goldenthal Michael, Moe Gordon W, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Aging and the Heart: A Post-Genomic View. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2008.
Find full textTakahashi Memorial Forum (1994 Tokyo, Japan). Cellular and molecular biology: Proceedings of the 'Takahashi Memorial Forum,' held in Tokyo, Japan on 5 November 1994. Edited by Yamanaka Masami Y, Okabe Kazuhiko, and Toda Gotaro. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995.
Find full textAmerican Society for Microbiology. Eastern Pennsylvania Branch and Eastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for Microbiology Symposium of Innovations in Antiviral Development and the Detection of Virus Infections (1990 : Philadelphia, Pa.), eds. Innovations in antiviral development and the detection of virus infections. New York: Plenum Press, 1992.
Find full textRonald G., Ph.D. Gill (Editor), Joan T., Ph.D. Harmon (Editor), and Noel K., M.D. Maclaren (Editor), eds. Immunologically Mediated Endocrine Diseases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
Find full textR, Farid Nadir, ed. The Immunogenetics of autoimmune diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.
Find full text1936-, Tsuji Takao, ed. Molecular biology and immunology in hepatology: Advances in the treatment of intractable liver diseases. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.
Find full textWang, Ming X. Corneal Dystrophies and Degenerations: A Molecular Genetics Approach (American Academy of Ophthalmology Monograph Series, 16). Oxford University Press, USA, 2003.
Find full textCorneal dystrophies and degenerations: A molecular genetics approach. San Francisco, CA: Oxford University Press, 2004.
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