Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies bactériennes'
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Perez, Paul. "Epidémiologie des contaminations bactériennes liées à la transfusion de produits sanguins labiles." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28752.
Full textThis thesis illustrates the contribution of the epidemiologic approach to transfusion and haemovigilance, a public health surveillance system. Transfusion-refated bacterial contamination (TRBC) is the first cause of infection related to transfusion. Limitation of knowledge indicated the need for studies. The case-control study on TRBC within the haemovigilance network (Bacthem) was based on the inclusion of TRCB among all suspected cases notified in France during two years. TRBC was letal for 15 % of 41 cases, all related to Gram negative rods. Transfusion of platelet concentrates, and of red cells when the recipient had pancytopenia, were strongly associated with TRBC risk. Suggested determinants were recipient treatment by potent immunosuppressive drugs, LBP shelf-life and numerous previous donations in the donor. The study of diversion of the first 15 mL of whole-blood donation suggests that this collection procedure may reduce donation contamination rates from 2. 2 to 0. 6 %. Contamination determinants were the collecting blood bank, the donor's age above 35 and the lack of repetition of the cleaning stage of antisepsis. Results open avenues for research for preventing TRBC. Excluding the first millilitres and improving the phlebotomy site preparation may reduce donation contamination rates. Indicating low-risk LBP in high risk recipients should be considered. Integrating epidemiology should lead to improvements of the haemovigilance system
Yactayo, Sergio. "Les maladies diarrhéiques épidémiques bactériennes : de l'observation clinique à la génétique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2027.
Full textDescriptions of cholera and dysentery syndromes were present since antiquity; initially they were described as isolated cases. Towards the end of 19th century the first bacteria were discovered, so each bacteria is linked with an infectious disease, but the presence of a bacterium in a disease was not enough to associate to it; a scientific demonstration was indispensable. The techniques for study the microscopic world will be developed and the scientific world will start to discover different bacterial species. We will discover the Escherichia coli present from the born of new baby. Doctor Escherich is one of the first to associate the infections to the child; however it was need more of 80 years to finally accept this idea. At the beginning of 19th, d’Herelle will discover the bacteriophage, a pathogenic virus of bacteria which he mainly wanted use as antibiotic. This discovery opens the door towards the world of molecular biology and the comprehension of the bacterial evolution. We understand better then, the emergence of some infectious diseases. New species of Vibrio, Shigella and Escherichia coli will appear, they will exchange their genetic material by horizontal gene transfer. Despite everything we can find the toxins of Vibrio and Shigella in other bacteria. A new era is beginning, with the use of diarrhoeal diseases as biological weapon
Pichavant, Muriel. "Mécanismes de sensibilisation par voie aérienne : interactions entre cellules épithéliales bronchiques et cellules dendritiques." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S018.
Full textMucosal immune response depends on the surveillance network established by dendritic cells (DC), located within airway epithelium. DC are professionnal antigen presenting cells, which play a key role in the development and the polarization of immune responses. Exposure to microbial products or allergens increases the number of DC within bronchial epithelium. Moreover, airway sensitization to allergens depends on the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, involving probably bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) activation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the crosstalk between BEC and DC in response to a potent vaccinal agent: KpOmpA and to an aeroallergen: Der p1. KpOmpA, an outer membrane protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae, activates macrophages and DC, and has immunomodulatory properties. Our results show that KpOmpA-activated BEC take part to innate immune response through the recruitment of neutrophils. Moreover, BEC trigger the migration of myeloid DC precursors and favor their differentiation/maturation. This study demonstrates the role of BEC in the development of innate and adaptive immune responses after PAMP exposure. Since Der p1, a cystein protease allergen from Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus, is able to induce airway sensitization of atopic patients, we evaluated interactions between BEC from non atopic (NA) and allergic asthmatic (AA) donors and DC. Der p1 triggers CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 production in both groups, whereas CCL20 is only induced with AA BEC. Langerhans cell precursors are recruited by AA BEC, in addition to monocyte-derived DC precursors which are recruited in both groups. This mechanism of airway sensitization to Der p1 probably implicate the selective recruitment of a DC sub-population. These data show that BEC participate to the development of the immune response through their capacity to regulate the homeostasis of airway DC, and their differentiation/maturation. Thus, bronchial epithelium targeting and activation could be important in vaccination process via airway mucosa
Nguyen, Isabelle. "Bactéries et cancérogenèse : Identification et purification de trois protéines de la paroi de Streptococcus infantarius potentiellement impliquées dans l'inflammation et la cancérogenèse colorectales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/NGUYEN_Isabelle_2006.pdf.
Full textSencio, Valentin. "Impact du microbiote intestinal sur les surinfections bactériennes post-grippales." Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUS030.
Full textIntroduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) is responsible for epidemics and, every 10-15 years, for pandemics. Secondary bacterial infections (pneumococcus) can develop in the aftermath of influenza and strongly contribute to excessive mortality of influenza. IAV infection leads to dysfunctional pulmonary defense and to altered barrier functions, thus favoring the local bacterial outgrowth and dissemination (bacteriemia). The gut microbiota has a critical role in immune responses. For instance, the depletion of the microbiota by antibiotics or its absence (germ-free animals) leads to enhanced susceptibility to respiratory infections including Streptococcus pneumoniae. We hypothesized that IAV infection may alter the functionality of the gut microbiota to favor secondary bacterial infections. Results: Metagenomic analyses demonstrated a transient alteration of the composition of the gut microbiota during IAV infection and an alteration of its fermentative activity (short chain fatty acids, SCFAs). Fecal transfer experiments revealed that the dysbiotic microbiota (collected from IAV-infected mice) can transfer enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infections in recipient mice. Restoration of SCFAs (exogenous delivery) during IAV infection reduced the incidence of bacterial superinfection. It is mainly the acetate, the main SCFA in the intestine and the blood, which causes these beneficial effects on the control of the bacterial load during superinfection. Following treatment, alveolar macrophages have a greater killing activity that lower the bacterial load in the lung and reduce the risk of mortality during superinfection. Depletion of one of the acetate receptors, GPR43, inhibits its beneficial effect. The use of agonists more specific to GPR43 (mimicking the effect of SCFAs) during influenza infection also reduces the susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings provide a novel mechanistic scenario for post-influenza bacterial superinfection and might have therapeutic applications in diseases associated with dysbiosis and secondary bacterial infections
Ehounoud, Hervé Cyrille Bile. "Maladies bactériennes, y compris vectorisées, en Afrique de l'Ouest (Côte d'Ivoire et Guinée-Conakry)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5051.
Full textFebrile illnesses including bacterial diseases are poorly known in Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea.In the first part of our work, we researched by molecular biology bacteria transmitted by ticks in Côte d’Ivoire. We analyzed different species of ticks collected from cattle and highlighted pathogenic bacteria responsible for many infectious diseases such as Rickettsia, Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) and twenty potential new species. In the second part, our goal was to detect using molecular biology several microorganisms in humans in Guinea (Conakry) and Côte d'Ivoire. As regards the study of wounds and healthy skin in Guinea, most patients were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, several species of Acinetobacter.Among the febrile patients and healthy controls afebrile recruited in Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, Plasmodium falciparum is the most common detected microorganism especially in blood samples from febrile patients although several bacteria were also identified. In Guinea, it was Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., and R. felis. These bacteria were also identified as well as Salmonella enterica Typhi, Salmonella enterica Paratyphi, Tropheryma whipplei and a potential new species of Wolbachia in Côte d’Ivoire.This work allowed establishing the repertory of bacteria transmitted by ticks in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as those involved in bacteremia in Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea (Conakry)
Pérez, Fabienne. "Etude in vitro de la pénétration de certaines souches bactériennes dans la dentine radiculaire." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30123.
Full textDubos, François. "Outils prédictifs pour la distinction précoce des méningites bactériennes et virales de l'enfant." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066165.
Full textBozdogan, Bülent. "Mécanismes de résistance aux lincosamides et aux streptogramines chez les bactéries à Gram positif." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N132.
Full textDepont, Cécile. "Infections nosocomiales bactériennes dans un service de médecine interne - maladies infectieuses : analyse sur six mois." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M089.
Full textGandon-Léger, Pierre. "Justifications microbiologiques du choix d’un antibiotique prescrit en odonto-stomatologie." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR20051.
Full textGuerinot, Cassandra. "Conception bio-inspirée d'architectures moléculaires amphiphiles pour combattre les infections bactériennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2024UCFA0085_GUERINOT.pdf.
Full textAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as key components of the innate immune system. Their interest is based on their broad spectrum of activities and their low propensity to induce bacterial resistance, making them a good alternative to current antibiotics. Unfortunately, their direct therapeutic use is often hampered by poor pharmacokinetics and high cost. However, AMPs are a great source of bio-inspiration for the development of peptidomimetics, designed to reproduce the mechanism of action of AMPs while improving the therapeutic profile. The aim of this thesis is therefore to design a variety of amphiphilic cationic peptoid architectures (oligomers of N-substituted glycines), inspired by the structure of cationic AMPs, and to study their antimicrobial potential on a wide panel of bacteria in the planktonic state, in biofilm form or sanctuarized inside cells. Cationic amphiphilic architectures have been designed by exploiting triazolium-type side chains, capable of inducing a strong cis-directional effect on backbone amides and providing the necessary cationic charge. This manuscript details the synthetic strategies developed to obtain linear peptoids exhibiting a PolyProline I-type helical architecture, as well as macrocyclic peptoids designed to promote a facial amphiphilic architecture. Evaluation of their antibacterial activity and selectivity is presented, highlighting important structural parameters and sequence optimization. Part of this work was also focused on the design of peptoids targeting bacteria with the ability to sanctuary themselves inside human cells, thanks to the insertion of side chains promoting cell penetration
Morel, Pascal. "Maladies infectieuses transmises par la transfusion sanguine, à propos de la contamination bactérienne des produits sanguins labiles : analyse des événements et étude comparative des méthodes de détection." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESAA001.
Full textGriseri, Thibault. "Rôle immunorégulateur des lymphocytes TNK dans le diabète de type 1 et les infections virales." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N24S.
Full textInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can prevent type 1 diabetes by impairing T cell responses to pancreatic β cells. As iNKT cells can also promote T cell responses to pathogens, and as viruses can trigger autoimmune diabetes, we investigated the effect of iNKT cells on virus-induced diabetes. Mice expressing the lymphochoriomeningitis virus (LCMV) nucleoprotein (NP) in their pancreatic β cells develop diabetes after LCMV infection. Here, we show that although iNKT cells promote systemic anti-LCMV CD8 T cell responses, theyn also completely abolish LCMV-induced diabetes. Locally in the pancreas, iNKT cells induced the production of large amount of antiviral cytokines inhibiting LCMV replication
Ehsani, Soudeh. "Etude du dynamisme et de la coordination de l'expression des gènes de l'hôte en réponse aux agents pathogènes bactériens, par l'intégration du profil transcriptionnel et de l'organisation chromosomique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066706.
Full textDupuy, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude de la symbiose fixatrice d'azote entre Acacia albida et bradyrhizobium SP." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10078.
Full textIls ont aussi été caractérisés en utilisant les galeries biolog, une nouvelle technique phénotypique miniaturisée. Enfin des hybridations adn : arnr avec l'arnr spécifique de bradyrhizobium japonicum nzp5549#t ont confirmé que la plupart des isolats appartiennent a la branche arnr de bradyrhizobium et de rhodopseudomonas. Les caractéristiques d'un isolat sont indépendantes de la profondeur à laquelle il a été recueilli. L'étude de l'infection et de l'ontogenèse des nodules d'Acacia albida a montré plusieurs caractères intéressants. L'inoculation a pour effet l'induction de poils absorbants et de mitoses corticales précédant l'infection. Le mode d'infection intercellulaire conduit à la formation de cordon dans les cellules corticales externes. Le méristème est induit au niveau des cellules corticales internes. L'invasion des cellules méristématiques et la différenciation disto-proximale observées sont caractéristiques des nodules de type indéterminé. Toutefois à maturation, les nodules d'Acacia albida sont de type déterminé avec un tissu central unique entouré de tissus périphériques
Grimault, Valérie. "Etude des mécanismes de résistance de la tomate au flétrissement bactérien causé par pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112368.
Full textRaspaud, Marie-José. "Infections à corynébactéries : deux observations pédiatriques." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25279.
Full textGiraud-Gatineau, Alexandre. "Impact des antibiotiques sur la réponse des macrophages humains : l'exemple de la bédaquiline." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4060&f=27120.
Full textAntibiotics are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Although known for theirmicrobicidal activity, antibiotics may also interfere with the host’s immune system. The aim of this thesis is to investigated the impact of a new anti-TB drug, bedaquiline, on the innate immune response of human macrophages. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that BDQ reprogramed macrophages into potent bactericidal phagocytes. We found that 1,495 genes were differentially expressed in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages incubated with the drug, with an overrepresentation of genes involved in metabolism, lysosome biogenesis and activation. BDQ treatment triggered a variety of antimicrobial defense mechanisms, including nitric oxide production, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and autophagy. These effects were associated with activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), involved in the transcription of lysosomal genes, resulting in enhanced intracellular killing of different bacterial species that were naturally insensitive to BDQ
Pham, Thi Xuan Tu. "L'infection bactérienne materno-foetale : épidémiologie, aspects cliniques et biologiques au Vietnam et en France." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIED002.
Full textThe aim of our study was to determine the criteria for maternofetal infection and the relevance of bacteriological sampling, i. E. Gastric fluid, in order to make a quick diagnosis and to avoid unappropriate antibiotic therapy. We have underlined the underestimation of some medical history items in Vietnam such as maternal fever > 38°C before or at the onset of labor, membranes rupture duration > 12 hours or membranes rupture occuring before 35 weeks , maternal urine tract infection, fetal tachycardia, neonatal asphyxia. The negative predictive value of gastric fluid direct examination was also emphasized. A better knowledge of such results should lead to a decrease in neonatal mortality and morbidity in Vietnam
Lavigne, Jean-Philippe. "Lutte contre les infections bactériennes : de l'optimisation de l'administration d'antibiotiques à l'étude d'un modèle de virulence (Brucella suis)." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T015.
Full textPrudent, Elsa. "Applications de l'hybridation in situ en fluorescence et stratégies moléculaires pour le diagnostic des infections bactériennes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0253/document.
Full textWe applied FISH methods to the study of three intracellular pathogenic bacteria. The viability of Bartonella henselae was evaluated in a large series of lymph nodes from patients with cat scratch disease (CSD). The results obtained, associated with sterile cultures and negative histological analyzes and FISH, as well as the low level of RNA detected by molecular biology, provide evidence that B. henselae are not or are rarely viable in the lymph nodes of patients with CSD. Tropheryma whipplei has been identified by FISH in macrophages from one lymph node and for the first time in a pulmonary biopsy, confirming the diagnosis of infection. Two methods of FISH have been tested to detect Coxiella burnetii in cases of endocarditis and vascular infections using oligonucleotide and PNA probes. The results attested to the greater efficiency of PNA probes, and demonstrated that FISH were applicable for the diagnosis of C. burnetii endocarditis. We also evaluated the molecular strategies used for syndrome-driven diagnosis of infectious diseases. Although conventional broad-spectrum PCR allows for the identification of fastidious and anaerobic microorganisms, real-time specific PCR reveals a significant superiority in syndrome-driven diagnosis. The addition of specific PCRs in real time PCR would improve our molecular strategies, for example, in the case of the detection of Staphylococcus aureus for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the effectiveness and applicability of FISH for the identification of intracellular bacteria. This method can be used as an important complementary tool to the improvement of clinical microbiological diagnosis
Benmayouf, Messaouda. "Contribution à l'étude de la microflore intestinale des lapins sains, atteints de troubles digestifs et soumis à un stress (drogue)." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT003A.
Full textBernatchez, Alex. "Étude des propriétés antibactériennes de composés d'huiles essentielles contre des agents pathogènes d'aquaculture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40301.
Full textRadix, Pascal. "Étude des facteurs influençant la formation des nécroses sur fruits chez le noyer (Junglans regia) : implication des composés phénoliques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE18002.
Full textBourson, Claude. "Etude de la régulation du gène pelA codant pour une des pectate lyases chez Erwinia chrysanthemi." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10231.
Full textRiffaud, Christine. "La bactériose du melon : écologie et stratégies de lutte contre Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10017.
Full textFerran, Aude. "Impact de l'administration précoce d'une fluoroquinolone sur l'éradication bactérienne et sur la sélection de résistances : approche PK/PD in vitro et in vivo." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/710/.
Full textIn veterinary medicine, the preventive antimicrobial treatments are quite often administered to animals infected by a low bacterial load. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of these therapies on the bacterial eradication and on the selection of resistant bacteria. In vitro, we showed that the low bacterial loads were associated to a better bacterial eradication and a less frequent selection of resistance. The selection of resistant bacteria was only prevented in high bacterial inoculums by avoiding the Mutant Selection Window, a range of antimicrobial concentrations favouring the growth of resistant bacteria. Two mouse models of infection confirmed that preventive treatments were associated to better clinical and microbiological outcomes and to a less frequent selection of resistant bacteria
Fan, Ying. "Role of the Axis Th-17/Th-22 in the regulation of the pulmonary immune response in allergic asthma." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S010.
Full textAllergic asthma is characterized by a predominant Th2 response, but additional profiles such as Th17 and Th22 are observed in more severe asthma. Components of the air pollution such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contained in diesel exhausts particles (DEP) contributes to increased prevalence of asthma and play an adjuvant role in the development and exacerbation of allergic inflammation through the skewing of the immune response towards a Th2 profile. In the first part of the thesis, we evaluated the effects of PAH on the Th17/Th22 polarization of PBMCs from healthy and allergic asthmatic subjects, PBMCs from athmatic patients exhibited an increased Th17/Th22 profile compared with non-allergic subjects. DEP-PAH and Benzo[a]Pyrene (B[a]P) stimulation further increased IL-22 but surprisingly decreased IL-17A production in both groups. Th17 transcription factors RORA and RORC were down regulated, whereas AhR target gene CYP1A1 was up-regulated in both groups. Notch was decreased only in asthmatic patients. PAH-induced IL-22 production originated mainly from Th22 cells. The AhR antagonist reversed almost completely the effects of DEP-PAH, but only partially the effects of B[a]P, on IL-22/IL-17 reciprocal regulation. The kinases PI3K, JNK and ERK participated to the enhancing effect of B[a]P on IL-22 production, whereas p38 MAP kinase had an inhibitory effect.The second part of the thesis evaluated the co-stimulatory effect of combined PRR- and allergen-activated DCs on Th17/Th22 polarization in healthy and asthmatic subjects. Dog allergen stimulated DCs induced a small production of IL-22 in T cells. Additional activation by TLR3, TLR9 and NOD2 ligands led to increased production of pro-Th2 chemokines by DCs only from asthmatic patients allergic to dogs. In contrast, an adjuvant role was observed on the maturation and pro-Th17/Th22 cytokines production by DCs from both asthmatic and non-allergic subjects. In T cells co-cultured with DCs stimulated by dog allergen and PRR ligands, we found a mixed Th2/Th17/Th22 profile in asthmatic patients and a Th1/Th22 profile in non-allergic subjects. IL-22 producing cells were mainly Th22 in both groups with more Th22 cells were observed in asthmatic subjects. IL-17 and IL-22 production was9differently regulated between asthmatic subjects and non-allergic subjects, TGF-β having a pro-Th17 role while IL-23 having a pro-Th22 role.In vivo, a model of chronic dog-induced asthma was developed leading increased airway resistance, Th2 chemokine and Th2/Th17/Th22 cytokine production as well as neutrophil but little eosinophil recruitment in the lung. Gene expression of IL-22 was observed at early time points whereas IL-22 protein appeared later on. NOD2 ligand further increased airway resistance, protein production and gene expression induced by dog allergen challenge but inhibited the small eosinophil recruitment in the lung.These results show that in humans, IL-17 and IL-22 productions are regulated differently between allergic asthmatic and non-allergic subjects. Altogether, pollution and some bacterial or viral infections may contribute in asthmatic patients to the severity of the disease and to progression of airway remodeling. The developed in vivo model will allow dissecting the mechanisms participating to the severity of asthma
Trigui, Sameh. "Etude de la régulation des gènes de pectate lyases de la souche phytopathogène et psychotrophe Erwinia carotovora subsp. Caratovora MFCL0 par la température de croissance et la source de carbone." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES016.
Full textErwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora MFCL0, isolated from the surface of spoiled celeriac stored at low temperature, is a psychotropic and phytopathogenic bacteria able to grow in a wide growth temperatures range (0°C to 37°C). Several exo-cellular enzymes are produced by this strain, at a temperature lower than the optimal growth temperature (28°C), particularly pectate lyases enzymes (Pels). The characterization of the corresponding genes, for endo-Pels (PelI, PelII, PelIII and PelZ) and exo-Pel (PelX), shows that, like Eca C18 pels, endo-Pels genes are located in the same locus pel123Z on Ecc MFCL0 genome. The study of Ecc MFCL0 mutants, obtained by integrative mutagenesis and individually affected in pels genes, shows that PelI and PelZ have a main role in Pel activity and in pathogenesis against the host plant. Using relative RT-PCR experiments, it has been shown that the growth temperature effect on Ecc MFCL0 pels genes expression, doesn’t act at a transcriptional level
Filleron, Anne. "Dynamique et émergence infectieuse des staphylocoques au sein des communautés bactériennes pathologiques en pédiatrie." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13509.
Full textStaphylococci are prevalent opportunistic bacteria in children' microbiota. Two models were used in order to 1) describe the dynamic of colonization of the digestive microbiota in premature neonate and the transmission of pathogenic bacteria as coagulase negative staphylococci from the gastrointestinal tract via breast milk, 2) search and characterize opportunistic bacteria with emerging antibiotic resistance in a complex microbiota with the example of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides in respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis
Etelage, Guy. "Les infections pulmonaires nosocomiales bactériennes documentées dans le service de réanimation polyvalente du Centre Hospitalier Général de St Pierre le Tampon en 1991." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11063.
Full textSistek, Viridiana. "Identification des staphylocoques, streptocoques et entérocoques par des méthodes génotypiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27533/27533.pdf.
Full textBernardeau, Marion. "Aspects sécuritaires et probiotiques de deux lactobacilles pour application à la production porcine et à la prévention de pathologie à Brachyspira." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2017.
Full textVigneux, Fabienne. "Interaction hôte-pathogène : apoptose induite par une nouvelle cytotoxine secrétée par la bactérie entomopathogène "xenorhabdus nematophila"." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20173.
Full textEngels-Deutsch, Marc. "Rôle des adhésines de Streptococcus mutans dans l'inflammation pulpaire et péridentaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/ENGELS-DEUTSCH_Marc_2006.pdf.
Full textAboudharam, Gérard. "Colonisation bactérienne de la pulpe dentaire par voie hématogène." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX20662.
Full textLaunay, Elise. "Méthodologies d’évaluation de l’optimalité des soins : exemples des délais diagnostiques et des infections bactériennes sévères de l’enfant." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB134/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to product new knowledge about the methodology on how to assess the optimality of care with the examples of time to diagnosis and serious bacterial infection (SBI). In two systematic reviews, we found that the key methodological points potentially related to risks of bias or threats to transportability were rarely reported in the primary studies and rarely evaluated by authors of systematic reviews. Then, we developed and internationally validated a reporting guideline to help scientists to better take into consideration these critical methodological points. In a population-based confidential inquiry, we found that: (i) care was suboptimal in 76% of the initial management of children who died from SBI, (ii) delayed first medical contact, undervaluation of severity or delayed antibiotic administration were detected in the management of 20%, 20% and 24% of children admitted to intensive care for a SBI, respectively, (iii) the total number of suboptimal cares delivered during the management was independently associated with death, and (iv) suboptimal cares were more frequent in children younger than one year old and if the care was delivered by a non specialist physician. Minimizing the risks of bias both in the selection process of the study population and in the assessment of the optimality of care, and taking into account confounding factors such as the intrinsic severity of the disease are keys elements to ensure a reliable evaluation of optimality of care in order to produce effective corrective clinical messages
Contrepois, Alain. "Transformations de la pratique clinique liées à la théorie de germes et au développement de la bactériologie médicale en France, 1870-1918." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070042.
Full textBetween 1870 and 1918, the field of infectious pathology developed in france. It was not founded only on bacteriology but consisted of an overall reorganization; clinicians attempted to associate a "germ" with the living patient's signs, symptoms and detectable lesions. A clinical symptomatology of infectious diseases was progressively elaborated, diagnostic procedures evolved, techniques of "hunting" for the germs and anti-infectious therapy were devised in parallel with the development of microbiological techniques to isolate and culture the microorganisms. Around 1870, this "germ theory", not yet that of pasteur, was assimilated into the established anatomical-clinical approach that merely required some revision. Etiology became a central question, albeit not a new one. During the 1880's, hospital physicians, for example, s. Jaccoud, g. Dieulafoy and c. Bouchard, refused to separate clinical medicine from that of the laboratory, claiming the necessity to combine the two. Based on clinical observations, doctors deduced the infectious nature of a disease; bacteriology added diagnostic and etiological elements. At the end of the 19th century, the idea of submitting a clinical diagnosis to the "verdict" of a bacteriological test progressively took form: "hunting" for the germs by taking samples and then inoculating them into culture medium. This concept entails lab work closely associated with the clinical diagnostic procedure. Bouchard actively sought the antiseptics the best adapted to fight against certain infectious entities. According to him, to evaluate the therapeutic value of an antiseptic, it has to be established that it shortens the duration and counters the effects of the infection. Although the fundamental argument is clearly clinical, it must first be proven that the medication is effective against the microbe in vitro and that it is as non-toxic as possible in animals. At the beginning of the 20th century, bouchard classified "infectious diseases" into two categories depending upon whether the etiological agent was specific or not. At the paris school of medicine, the field of "medical bacteriology" took form around the concept of "infectious diseases", then located at claude bernard's hospital, in competition with pasteur's institut
Héral, Bénédicte. "Approche métabolomique pour l’étude du dépérissement de la lavande : application aux composés non-volatils." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4009.
Full textFine lavender and lavandin are historic and emblematic crops of Provence (South-East France). They are cultivated for their aromatic and perfume properties. They represented an important economic value in France. Nevertheless, over the last decades, lavender’s field decline because of the lack of rain fall and a disease name “yellow disease”. This infection lead to phloem-limited bacterial pathogen (Candidatus Phytoplasma solani) and transmitted by a planthopper (Hyalesthes obsoletus). The purpose of this PhD is to study induced chemical defences (i.e. non-volatile organic compounds) in order to better understand interaction between insect, plant and bacteria. To answer this issue, an untargeted metabolomic approach was developed. Four varieties chosen for their sensibility or tolerance against phytoplasma, were used: two lavender (7713, maillette) and two lavandin (abrial, grosso), and 480 samples were collected. Compound extraction was performed by a solid-liquid extraction assisted by ultrasounds with an ethanol-water mixture (50:50, v/v). Afterwards, 1429 extracts were analysed by an UPLC-HRMS (XevoG2 QTOF, Waters). Spectral data was first handle using W4M-Galaxy to obtain a peak table fitting by statistical tools. Next, MetaboAnalyst was conducted to correct data and performed multivariate analyses. PCA was used to visualize trends and outliers. PLS-DA was applied to highlight biological differences between subgroups, to discover the most relevant factors and detected biomarkers. The most discriminant compounds specific to sensitivity/tolerant species as well as to plant symptomatic status (asymptomatic/symptomatic) were annotated. Chlorophyll derivatives, under-expressed in symptomatic plants, are probably health plant status biomarkers
Garcia, Elsa. "Détection de la virulence bactérienne : caractérisation de la réponse immunitaire anti-virulence déclenchée par la toxine CNF1 d’Escherichia coli." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2017AZUR4071.
Full textOur immune system detects microorganisms via molecules absent from the host called MAMPs. Since MAMPs are shared by all microorganisms regardless of their pathogenic potential, this mechanism does not explain how the immune system distinguishes between pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganisms. The detection of the activities of pathogen-encoded virulence factors has emerged as a new paradigm of pathogen recognition. Using Drosophila we previously demonstrated that the Escherichia coli CNF1 toxin-induced activation of the Rho GTPase Rac2 is sufficient to initiate a defense signal evolutionarily conserved from flies to mammals and similar to Effector-Triggered Immunity in plants. We further addressed the importance of this innate immune mechanism during bacteremia in mice and demonstrated the central role of the IL-1β cytokine in the clearance of bacteria in response to the detection of CNF1. In vitro experiments allowed us to identify the involved molecular mechanisms and the inflammasome responsible of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. Interestingly, CNF1 is always co-expressed with α-hemolysin toxin in pathogenic E. coli. In addition, we found that HlyA blocked the elimination of bacteria induced by CNF1 during bacteremia and inhibited the secretion of IL-1β. Here, we have reported the first example of immunity induced by a toxin (CNF1) and counteracted by another (HlyA)
Anglaret, Xavier. "Maladies bactériennes chez les adultes infectés par le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine en Côte d'Ivoire : essai thérapeutique Cotrimo-CI ANRS 059, étude de cohorte Cotrame ANRS 1203, Abidjan, 1995-2002." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR21008.
Full textOn 1996, knowledge on the spectrum of HIV-associated morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa was still incomplete. A randomised trial (Cotrimo-CI ANRS 059 trial) performed between 1996 and 1998 in Abidjan showed that cotrimoxazole prophylaxis had a 43 % efficacy in reducing severe morbidity in infected adults at early stages of HIV infection. Bacterial diseases were the first cause of severe morbidity in patients participating in this trial, and the efficacy of cotrimoxazole was mainly due to its antibacterial activity. In 2000, a WHO/UNAIDS expert committee recommended that cotrimoxazole should be part of the standard package of HIV cares in sub-Saharan Africa. These recommendations are currently under debate, mainly because of concerns that large-scale distribution of cotrimoxazole might accelerate bacterial and parasitic resistance. The objective of the Cotrame ANRS 1203 cohort study was to contribute to this debate, providing data on long-term morbidity under cotrimoxazole. After a median follow-up of two years in this cohort, the rate of serious bacterial diseases under cotrimoxazole remains two times lower than the short-term figure estimated in the same setting under plzcebo before 1998. However, serious bacterial morbidity remains the first group involved in hospital admissions. Together with improving access to well-managed highly antiretroviral therapies, optimizing early detection and treatment of bacterial diseases may be an important issue for reducing early HIV mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. After reminding in detail the debate questioning the ethical justification of the use of a placebo arm in the Cotrimo-CI trial, we discuss here the issue of the ethics rules of therapeutic trials. Ethic will be truly universal only when the design of research studies done in industrialised countries will take into account the applicability of their results in non-industrialised ones
Georgel, Anne-France. "Analyse des réponses anti-bactériennes et anti-virales respiratoires induites par les agonistes des récepteurs de l’immunité innée." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S053.
Full textViral and bacterial infections remain a burden for health care systems. The current therapeutic approaches by antibiotic have shown their effectiveness but also their limit especially in cases of multidrug-resistant microorganisms or in the treatment of patients with aggravating pathologies. Stimulation of innate immunity could be a complementary therapeutic approach to current treatments. Indeed, the activation of the innate immune system induces local production of antimicrobial molecules and the recruitment of effector cells involved in controlling infection.The Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are innate sensors that trigger signaling cascades and promotes the archetypal pro-inflammatory responses involved in antimicrobial defense. TLR5 recognizes flagellin, the structural protein of bacterial flagella. TLR5 is expressed on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells and epithelial cells.In the first part of the work, we assessed the ability of flagellin to control the replication of influenza A virus H3N2. We first showed that intranasal or systemic administration of flagellin activated transcription of anti-viral genes in lung tissue. Administration of flagellin reduced viral replication in the lung of mice infected with H3N2 IAV. This effect is also observed in Il22-/- and Ifnar-/- mice suggesting a mechanism independent of type I interferon and interleukin 22 signaling. Finally, we also showed that the combination of flagellin with oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor) was more efficacious than standalone treatments.The second part of this work is the ASTRAL clinical study, which assesses the ability of blood mononuclear cells to respond to different TLR agonists in patients with acute lobar pneumonia. This study started in October 2017 and plans to include 38 patients. The objective is to observe the response after TLR agonist stimulation by transcriptional analysis and cytokine assays. The first results (analysis of 7 patients) show that blood mononuclear cells can be activated by TLR agonists in the context of pneumonia
Garcia, Elsa. "Détection de la virulence bactérienne : caractérisation de la réponse immunitaire anti-virulence déclenchée par la toxine CNF1 d’Escherichia coli." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4071.
Full textOur immune system detects microorganisms via molecules absent from the host called MAMPs. Since MAMPs are shared by all microorganisms regardless of their pathogenic potential, this mechanism does not explain how the immune system distinguishes between pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganisms. The detection of the activities of pathogen-encoded virulence factors has emerged as a new paradigm of pathogen recognition. Using Drosophila we previously demonstrated that the Escherichia coli CNF1 toxin-induced activation of the Rho GTPase Rac2 is sufficient to initiate a defense signal evolutionarily conserved from flies to mammals and similar to Effector-Triggered Immunity in plants. We further addressed the importance of this innate immune mechanism during bacteremia in mice and demonstrated the central role of the IL-1β cytokine in the clearance of bacteria in response to the detection of CNF1. In vitro experiments allowed us to identify the involved molecular mechanisms and the inflammasome responsible of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. Interestingly, CNF1 is always co-expressed with α-hemolysin toxin in pathogenic E. coli. In addition, we found that HlyA blocked the elimination of bacteria induced by CNF1 during bacteremia and inhibited the secretion of IL-1β. Here, we have reported the first example of immunity induced by a toxin (CNF1) and counteracted by another (HlyA)
Bruez, Emilie. "Etude comparative des communautés fongiques et bactériennes colonisant le bois de ceps de vigne ayant exprimé ou non des symptômes d’esca." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22027/document.
Full textEsca is a Grapevine Trunk Disease (GTD) that induces a decline in grapevine vigour that generally leads up with the death of the plants. Nowadays, vineyards worldwide are attacked by esca and, in France this disease increases steadily. In the Jura, 8% of the grapevines are esca-foliar symptomatic and approximately 4.5% in the Bordeaux region. However, some vineyards are more severely attacked by esca, and certain cultivars are more susceptible than others. Although several pathogenic fungi are associated with esca, their individual roles and their interaction with other microorganisms for the esca have still to be determined. In this context, the objective of the present PhD study is to characterize and compare the bacterial and fungal microflora that colonize the wood tissues of esca-foliar symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines. First, we sampled young (10 year-old) grapevines (Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar) because they had only few necroses in the trunk and white-rot (also called amadou) was only present in the cordons of symptomatic plants. Great diversity in the fungal (674 OTUs) and bacterial (222 OTUs) communities was observed. This diversity was higher in the apparently healthy wood than in the partially or totally necrotic wood tissues. The methods used isolation/sequencing of microbial strains, a molecular fingerprinting method (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism, SSCP) and 454 pyrosequencing showed that the fungal and bacterial communities of the necrotic and healthy wood tissues were different. Changes in the microflora over time (over a one-year period) have been observed. Fungal species involved in esca are already present in the apparently healthy wood of esca-foliar symptomatic plants but also in the asymptomatic ones. It was not possible to differentiate these 2 microflora. Only microflora from the necroses differed from those of the healthy wood with these necroses being more developed in the esca-foliar symptomatic grapevines. For the first time, we were able to determine that specific bacterial communities are associated with esca. Depending on the wood tissues, different types of bacteria were isolated, with different trophic behaviour. Two roles could be assigned to the species isolated from the various wood tissues: (i) a positive role, due to the biocontrol potential that many species have; (ii) a negative one, by predisposing the wood of grapevines to fungal attacks. We also studied, old (42 and 58 year-old) grapevines of the cultivar, Baco blanc, that produced regular harvests. The plants had no expressed foliar symptoms of esca or eutypa dieback during the sampling year. Many plant pathogens colonized the functional wood tissues, but in 58 year-old plants they were associated with esca, and in 42 year-old plants, with eutypa dieback. The absence of GTDs expression could be linked to the numerous plant protectant mycoparasites, such as Trichoderma spp., that colonized the functional wood tissues. Interactions between species within the fungal communities may create a balance that is unfavourable to the development of the pathogens. The use of Baco blanc, a hybrid less susceptible to certain grapevine diseases could also explain this result. So, because no means of protection are currently available, the combination of beneficial microflora within the garpevine wood tissues with plants that are tolerant to esca, or even eutypa dieback, could be helpful to control those diseases
Frija-Masson, Justine. "Néogenèse lymphoïde induite par l'infection bactérienne bronchopulmonaire chronique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB184/document.
Full textIntroduction: lymphoid follicles (LF) are absent in normal lungs, but are described in lungs of subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) or non-CF bronchiectasis, suggesting a role for bacterial infection in lymphoid neogenesis. We aimed to study the dynamic of pulmonary lymphoid neogenesis (LN) during bacterial infection. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were instilled intratracheally with PAO1- or S. aureus-coated (1.106 CFU/mouse) agarose beads (which produced prolonged airway infection) and compared to controls (sterile beads or no instillation). Mice were sacrificed on day (d)1, d4, d7, and d14 after instillation. Results: chronic pulmonary infection with PAO1 or S. aureus induced organised LF in 14 days after a single challenge with PAO1- or S. aureus-coated beads. Bacteria- induced LF were exclusively localized in the subepithelium of infected airways. Staining for CXCL12 and CXCL13 was weak in airway epithelium of controls, but was positive in airway epithelium (CXCL13) at 1 day and in LF (both) of infected mice at 14 days. Treatment with anti CXCL12 or anti CXCL13 Ab did not reduce LN induced by PAO1 infection. Conclusions: chronic bacterial infection and respiratory epithelium could contribute to LN in chronic airway diseases. Our unique model allows to study mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of lung LF
López, Camilo. "Caractérisation de gènes de résistance candidats, d'ESTs et analyse du transcriptome : application à l'étude de la résistance du manioc à Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0583.
Full textCassava (Manihot esculenta subsp. Esculenta Crantz) is an important crop that constitutes a basic component in the diet of about 600 million people in the world. One of the major diseases of this crop is cassava bacterial blight (CBB), caused by the pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam). In order to dissect the resistance mechanism of to CBB different approaches were conducted. First, a Resistance Gene Candidate (RGC) approach led to the characterization of several putative resistance genes and the identification of a resistance gene cluster. Additionally, I isolated a homologue of the rice resistance gene Xa21 in cassava, RXam1. This gene is associated with a QTL to the strain CIO136 of Xam. Second, an EST approach was also attempted to identify other genes involved in the resistance signalling pathway. A large cassava EST database was developed from sequencing 11,954 cDNA clones. Cluster analysis assembled them in a unigene set of 5,700 sequences. Some of the ESTs showed similarity to genes that are known to be involved in plant defense mechanisms and constitute a new source of candidate resistance and defense genes. Based on the EST unigene set generated, we constructed a cassava microarray that was used to study the course-time response of cassava to Xam. In response to Xam, cassava induces several genes, including principally those involved in oxidative burst, protein degradation and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes
Padget, Michael. "Antibiotic resistance among children in low-income countries - Investigating community antibiotic consumption." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV130/document.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance is a growing threat across the world and is likely to disproportionately affect children in low-income countries (LICs).To estimate the burden of antibiotic resistance in the community among children under two in LICs we undertook a review of published literature. Common isolates in neonatal sepsis cases included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella. Among children 1 mo. to 2 yrs., Streptococcus pneumonia and Salmonella were most often reported. Information on antibiotic resistance was sparse and often relied on few isolates.We reviewed methods to measure antibiotic consumption in LICs from published literature and showed that current techniques used in isolation are insufficient to respond to all the data needs in LICs. Integrating study techniques and starting with community surveys may respond more adequately to this issue in LICs and lead to more actionable results.To investigate patterns of antibiotic consumption and related factors among children under two in Madagascar and Senegal we undertook community surveys in two sites in Madagasgar (Antananarvo and Moramanga) and one site in Senegal. Results showed relatively high levels of antibiotic use among children. The majority of antibiotics were purchased in pharmacies with a prescription in both countries. Data suggest a high proportion of use for likely viral infections. Local contexts including the availability of health care facilities, availability of pharmacies, national payment schemes, and provider training seemed to play a role in country usage rates.Results from this work add essential data to the literature where relatively little data exists and reveal important lessons about studying and combating antibiotic resistance in LICs
Surre, Jérémy. "Détection précoce de la sensibilité bactérienne aux antibiotiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB078/document.
Full textFollowing the discovery of antibiotics, the therapeutic successes foreshadowed a future where infectious diseases of bacterial origin would be eradicated. However, in less than a century, the massive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics led to the emergence of resistance thus reducing therapeutic options. My research project aims to understand early bacterial metabolic and morphological changes induced by antibiotics and to contribute to the development of rapid and reliable diagnostic tests to promote the implementation of more targeted antibiotic treatments. By monitoring changes in various metabolic and morphological parameters of bacteria after antibiotic treatment, we have shown the interest of viability markers such as DiBAC4(3), TOPRO®-3 or Alexa FluorTM Hydrazide for rapid detection (<3h) of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. In particular, we have shown for the first time that protein carbonylation, which is induced under conditions of oxidative stress and cellular aging, is a universal early marker of bactericidal antibiotic susceptibility. Following this first part of the study, we wanted to understand the mechanisms involved in bacterial response to lethal stress caused by antibiotics. Following this first part of the study, we wanted to understand the bacterial mechanisms involved in response to lethal stress caused by antibiotics. In our experiments, it was observed that when the conditions no longer allowed the organism survival, a fluorescence signal intrinsically linked to the bacterium allowed to predict the fatal outcome after only 2 hours of incubation. Indeed, following a treatment with a bactericidal antibiotic targeting the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan (ampicillin), we observed a maximum fluorescence of the cells at the dose of antibiotic corresponding to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The fluorescence increase of bacterial cells was also observed during the lethal treatment with a biocidal agent (sodium hypochlorite). However, this phenomenon is no longer observable with bacteriostatic or bactericidal antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis indicating active bacterial metabolism importance. The correlations of spectral properties allowed us to suspect the flavin molecules as responsible for the observed autofluorescence phenomenon. In addition, we showed an overactivation of the biosynthesis pathway of flavin-type cofactors and flavoproteins occurring during ampicillin treatment. Finally, we performed cell sorting and cell survival experiments of ampicillin-treated bacterial populations. Our results showed that highly fluorescent cells have an average survival 5 times higher than low fluorescent cells. This suggests that the fluorescence signal observed is a cellular response mediated by flavonoid compounds in an attempt to survive to antibiotic treatment. Exploratory work suggests that the phenomenon studied in bacteria is conserved among yeasts and human cells. These results open new perspectives in bacterial physiology understanding, the study of bacterial response to exogenous stress and the rapid monitoring of cell viability
Pruvost, Olivier. "La maladie des taches noires de la mangue (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangiferaeindicae) : étude bactériologique, biologique, épidémiologique et mise au point des bases d'un système de lutte intégrée dans les confitions de l' Île de la Réunion." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112020.
Full textAn extensive study was undertaken to characterize 94 isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangiferaeindicae responsible for bacterial black spot of mangoes. Studies on carbohydrates assimilation, susceptibility to antibiotics and to heavy metal salts, serotyping and phage-typing, plasmid patterns as well as to pathogenicity to several hosts have revealed a large variability within the isolates. Biological and epidemiological studies of the pathogen under Reunion Island conditions have allowed us to establish susceptibility and receptivity periods of host tissues and their relations to climatic conditions. The pathogen is able to survive as an epiphyte on leaves, buds and immature fruit. Its mode of spread has been studied. Chemical and biological disease control were evaluated and resuls show that disease control may be achieved by using an antagonistic strain of Bacillus subtilis or B. Amyloliquefaciens