Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies immunologiques'
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Arabo, Arnaud. "La souris lupique : approches comportementales, immunologiques et neuroanatomiques." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES043.
Full textSLE is an autoimmune disease with “thousand faces”. There are a lot of symptoms developed by the lupic individual, but attacks of the nervous system frequently appear, leading to a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders. By using lupic murine models, we have established a link between the development of the pathology, the cognitive disorders, and the perturbation of the CNS. To this purpose, the spatial abilities of lupic mice were evaluated in the Morris water maze. Immulogical and neuroanatomical studies have enabled us to quantify their autoimmune status and a potential impairment of cerebral areas. We have thus pointed out that only the animals developing a serious pathological state present spatial orientation deficits correlated to the evolution of autoreactivity and linked to the impairment of several cerebral areas which role in spatial processing is well established
Ducloux, Didier. "Aspects immunologiques de l'athérosclérose chez le transplanté rénal." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0005.
Full textAtherosclerotic complications are frequent after renal transplantation. Atherosclerosis is now considered to be an inflammatory disease in the immunocompetent population. Nevertheless, the impact of immunosuppression on atherosclerotic processes in renal transplant recipients is unknown. We studied the influence of innate immunity and lymphocyte polarization on the occurence of atherosclerotic complications in renal transplant patients. We showed that TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular complications where as CD4 T cell lymphopenia is a risk factor for such complications. NOD2/CARD15 and COX-2 polymorphisms do not influence the risk of cardiovascular disease in transplant patients. Thymic function estimated by TREC measurement predicts post-transplant CD4 T count. Finally, we showed that a greater capacity to produce IL-6 is associated with a higher risk of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Immunologic responses contribute to cardiovascular disease after transplantation
Coin, Nathalie Caudie Christiane. "Le syndrome de Guillain-Barré des mécanismes immunologiques aux nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessid/rrbcoin.pdf.
Full textTexte intégral.
Vince, Nicolas. "Bases génétiques et immunologiques du déficit immunitaire commun variable." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077108.
Full textCommon variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by defective antibody production leading to recurrent infections, lymphoproliferation or autoimmune diseases. This affection is closely restricted to Caucasian population (1/30,000 in France). The 21% of family cases observed in the DEFI cohort led us to study the genetic aspects of CVID. We identified two patients with new mutations in CD19. Their phenotypes indicate that CD 19 signalling remains crucial for a robust humoral response and point to its possible role in IgGl switching and control of autoimmunity. TACI is very frequently mutated in CVID (10% of patients). However, its involvement in CVID genesis is controversial since mutations are also present in controls. TA CI mutations predispose to the onset of CVID, but they are neither necessary nor sufficient, suggesting other features (genetic or environmental) are certainly involved. This work has improved the understanding of CVID pathophysiology by the discovery of mutations in previously known genes (BTK, SH2D1A, CD 19) with unusual clinical and biological features and by the confirmation of TACI mutations frequency in CVID
Barbaron, Christine. "Maladies immunologiques après vaccin recombinant contre l'hépatite B : à propos de six patients bordelais." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M077.
Full textLegendre, Xavier. "La cholangite auto-immune : quelle place au sein des maladies immunologiques du foie ? A propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M094.
Full textBeaino, Wissam. "Epitopes thiopalmitoylés des protéines du système nerveux central et périphérique : Synthèse et propriétés immunologiques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6007.
Full textP0 protein, the major protein of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin, is a putative autoantigen in the autoimmune attack seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of PNS, and in its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). P0 is post-transnationally modified by a palmitic acid on cysteine 153. The main axis of my thesis was to study the effect of the thiopalmitoylation on the neuritogenic and immunogenic properties of the P0 protein. The first part of this work was devoted to the synthesis of thiopalmitoylated épitopes by solid phase peptide synthesis. The second part concerns the study of the neuritogenic properties of this epitopes in Lewis rats. This study allowed the development of two new animal models: 1) relapsing-remitting EAN, mimicking the CIDP (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy), the chronic form of GBS 2) axonal EAN, mimicking AMAN (acute motor axonal neuropathy), the axonal form of GBS. Furthermore, this study confirmed that thiopalmitoylation of peptides may provide a simple mean to induce and/or increase MHC class II restricted responses. APLs « Altered Peptide Ligands » are analogues of the antigen peptide. APLs can be very useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease such multiple sclerosis (MS) by acting as a specific immunomodulator of the inflammatory reaction. The study in the last part of my thesis validate the use of a thiopalmitoylated APL of PLP (proteolipid protein of the central nervous system myelin) as a therapeutic vaccine in EAE, an animal model of MS, by showing its capacity to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells
Doan-Ngoc, Tra-My. "Caractérisation des fonctions immunologiques et migratoires des lymphocytes T CD8 TEMRA en transplantation rénale." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1021.
Full textOne of the challenges in transplantation is to identify early biomarkers predicting the occurrence of chronic rejection and to improve understanding of the causes leading to late loss of the graft in order to develop new therapeutic strategies. Of the factors associated with transplant failure and chronic rejection, memory T-cells are now considered to be one of the major barriers to successful transplantation, and our team's work has demonstrated an association between the frequency of CD8 Effector Memory (EM) re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) and the risk of graft loss. My Ph.D.work shows that the immunological functions of CD8 TEMRA are very similar to those of CD8 EMafter joint stimulation of TCR and IL-15, including the ability to induce endothelial activation resulting in the creation of a pro-inflammatory environment and an adaptation of their metabolism to inflammatory stimuli. We also show that CD8 TEMRA in transplant patients have higher migratory properties than CD8 EM, including strong adhesion to activated endothelium and increased ability to transmigrate in response to chemokine CXCL12. We demonstrate that CXCL12 acts as a costimulatory molecule by activating the effector functions of TEMRA and CD8 EM.Finally, we have shown that IL-15 increases the migration of TEMRA and EM by promoting thegeneration of functional PSGL-1 by increasing the sialylation of this molecule
Pfender, Nadège. "Lipopeptides immunomodulateurs de l'encéphalomyélite autoimmune expérimentale, modèle animal de la sclérose en plaques : Synthèse et propriétés immunologiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13265.
Full textExperimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease which can be induced in SJL/J mice by the injection of PLP or PLP peptides. PLP (proteolipid protein) is the most abundant protein of the central nervous system myelin and is post-translationally acylated at six sites by covalent attachment of palmitic acid to cysteine residues via a thioester linkage. In this work, we clearly showed that palmitoylation increases the uptake of peptides by antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, we established that the lability of the linkage between the peptide and the lipidic chain determines the intracellular pathway of the antigen, and also the type of immune response induced. These results helped us to show the potentiality of S-palm APL in the protection against EAE
Sergent, Véronique. "Le rat LEW, un modèle d'étude de la résistance à l'infection toxoplasmique : analyses génétiques et immunologiques." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT23.
Full textAbou-Bacar, Ahmed. "Identification de mécanismes immunologiques impliqués dans la transmission materno-fœtale de Toxoplasma gondii dans un modèle murin." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13096.
Full textGAILLARD, PHILIPPE. "Etude critique de deux techniques immunologiques pour le diagnostic des maladies du poumon de fermier et des eleveurs d'oiseaux : hemagglutination et electrosynerese." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31114.
Full textCliment-Framery, Catherine. "Développement industriel d'immunostimulants vétérinaires : mise au point des techniques de contrôle et de qualité." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10078.
Full textHermosilla, Eve. "Neuropathies associées aux gammapathies monoclonales à IG G de signification indéterminée : aspects cliniques, électrophysiologiques, anatomopathologiques, immunologiques et thérapeutiques : à propos de 14 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23073.
Full textSafeukui, Noubissi Innocent. "Analyse des facteurs épidémiologiques immunologiques et génétiques de prédisposition au paludisme grave dans une population d'enfants vivant à Bamako." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21124.
Full textSeveral studies in endemic regions have shown the importance of epidemiological, immunological and genetic factors in the control of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The effects of these factors are sometime contradictory, or vary with epidemiological facies or the area. This study conducted in Bamako (a malaria endemic area) aims to : 1)- test whether cerebral malaria or severe malarial anaemia aggregated within families (as this is the first step towards a family-based approach to identify the environmental and genetic pathways). 2)- identify epidemiological risk factors fore severe malaria among children living in Bamako. 3)- quantify the level of some principal cytokines of immune response (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 p70 et IL-13) in the peripheral blood of patient with cerebral malaria or severe malarial anaemia. 4)- test the association between IL12B gene (coding for IL-12 p40) polymorphisms in and severe malaria. Our data suggest strong individual and familial aggregation of cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia in population of Bamako. In addition, several epidemiological risk factors for severe malaria have been identified in this population. With the exception of a personal yellow fever vaccination histoty which is associated with an increase risk of severe malaria, al lthe studied independent factors associated with severe malaria were directly related to child's mother : her personal health status or her knowledge, attitude and practices. Programmes aiming to improve maternal health and education may thus reduce the incidence of severe malaria in Mali as well as in neighbouring countries, and should therefore be advocated. Quantification of some cytokines in the peripheral blood highlighted the protector role of IFN-γ for severe malaria and death due to cerebral malaria. Genetic study underlines the role of IL-12 in the determinism of cerebral malaria. There is an association between cerebral malaria and an insertion-deletion of 4 bases in the IL12B promoter region ; this polymorphism has been associated with the reduce levels of IL12 p40, IL12 p70 and NO production. Together, our data provide further insight into the epidemiology of severe malaria and host mechanism of resistance to this infection. The identification of epidemiological risk factors for severe malaria will allow reinforcement of the strategies of control of this infection , definition of cytokines implicated in the protection against this disease will be an incaluable help in the elaboration of new therapeutic and vaccinal strategies
Van, Maele Laurye. "Propriétés immuno-modulatrices de la flagelline de Salmonella typhimurium : impact sur la défense anti-bactérienne et le développement d'adjuvants épithéliaux." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536453.
Full textCarles, Perrin Bénédicte Weryha Georges. "Essai de validation du dosage des anticorps anti-récepteur de la TSH par une méthode immunologique Elisa sur une série de 218 cas." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_CARLES_PERRIN_BENEDICTE.pdf.
Full textDauphin, Gwenaëlle. "Développement d'outils sérologiques et moléculaires pour le diagnostic et l'étude de la prévalence de la maladie de Borna en France." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T065.
Full textDaoudi, Moussa. "La maladie abortive et son traitement immunologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20240.
Full textWendling, Daniel. "Aspects immunologiques et systemiques des spondylarthropathies." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3703.
Full textMakki, Kassem. "Rôle de modulateurs immunologiques et métaboliques dans le développement de l’obésité et de la résistance à l’insuline : administration de la rapamycine ou de probiotiques chez la souris obèse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S006/document.
Full textObesity is characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammation reflected by increased blood levels of inflammatory factors, which are known to contribute to the development of metabolic complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.Obesity-related inflammation is initiated by the accumulation of inflammatory immune cells within the adipose tissue as observed in obese subjects, contributing to alteration of the physiology and the metabolic homeostasis of the tissue. A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the balance between adipose tissue immune cells and the interaction of these cells with the metabolic tissues (e.g. white adipose tissue) could lead to the development of immune-based new therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic complications associated with obesity.During my PhD thesis, we worked on two projects that both aimed at studying the link between immunity and metabolism. We studied the consequences of the treatment of obese mice with the immunomodulatory drug rapamycin (Part 1) and with probiotics having anti-inflammatory properties (Part 2).Part 1: Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Rapamycin are Associated with Enhanced Regulatory Cells in Diet-Induced Obese MiceThis part corresponded to my main project. We aimed to analyze the effect of rapamycin (or Sirolimus), on the inflammatory response and the metabolic status of high-fat diet fed mice. Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used in transplanted patients to prevent graft rejection. However, the effects of rapamycin on metabolism remain elusive and it has been reported that rapamycin may have pro-inflammatory and prodiabetic properties since some transplanted patients can develop diabetes and inflammatory diseases. Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mTOR (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin), a highly conserved kinase which play a key role in both metabolism and immunity. Our aims were: 1) to define the metabolic consequences of long-term rapamycin administration and 2) to analyze the immune profile of treated animals.Part 2: A Probiotic Mixture Alleviates Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice through Adipose Tissue Cell-RemodelingThe effects of probiotics on the development of obesity and its associated-metabolic complications are contradictory and thus remain to be clarified. In our study, we evaluated the consequences of the consumption of different strains of probiotics (or a combination of strains) selected for their anti-inflammatory properties, on the development of obesity and inflammation. We thus defined the metabolic and immune profile of probiotic-treated obese mice, mostly focusing on the adipose tissue. Finally, we attempted to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which our selected probiotics exerted their metabolic and immune protective effects
Bessay, Muriel. "Les coccidioses aviaires : contributions à l'étude du développement de la réponse immune, conséquences pour une stratégie vaccinale." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR3801.
Full textAttieh, Elie Bergonier Dominique. "Enquête séro-épidémiologique sur les principales maladies caprines au Liban." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1812/1/celdran_1812.pdf.
Full textRebouissoux, Laurent. "Les hépatites auto-immunes de l'enfant : à propos de 6 observations." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23067.
Full textElicha, Gussin Hélène. "Specificité antigènique des autoanticorps chez les patients atteints de maladies rhumatismales auto-immunes." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MNHN0028.
Full textBonduelle, Olivia. "Etude multiparamétrique des mécanismes de la réponse immunitaire contre les infections virales des voies respiratoires et après vaccination." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066447.
Full textImmune protection against viral respiratory infections requires the induction of synchronized innate and adaptive immune responses. In this thesis, the role of various immune effectors acting in the early and late phases of the immune responses after infection and vaccination was studied. A murine model of vaccinia virus nasal infection allowed us to establish the pivotal role of myeloid dendritic cells expressing the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor in the initiation of specific T cell response. These results demonstrate the existence of an early coordination between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, which is involved in the induction of a protective response. Data from two clinical studies were used to study various immune parameters after vaccination and infection with pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus and to model the induced responses. A multiparametric analysis of seven effectors of the adaptive immunity shows strong heterogeneity of vaccine-induced immune responses, depending on the residual anti-influenza response. A principal component analysis identifies five profiles of adaptive responses. In addition, a year after vaccination, specific immune memory has similar characteristics to the induced responses detected after a moderate viral infection. However, the quality and intensity of memory responses after pandemic vaccine are different from the one observed after a severe infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus. These results suggest that a balance between the different compartments of the cellular immune responses after vaccination or infection is essential for immune protection. This work opens up new ways in the correlates of vaccine efficacy and protection
Hüe, Sophie. "Rôle de l'interaction MICA-NKG2D dans l'immunité innée et adaptative : exemples du thymone et de la maladie coeliaque." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05N047.
Full textMICA molecules interact with the NKG2D activating receptor on CD8 T cells. We investigated the role of MICA/NKG2D interactions in the maturation of the T cell repertoire within the thymus and in the destruction of intestinal epithelium by intraepithelial T lymphocytes in celiac disease. MICA tetramers identified a small population of late stage CD8 single-positive thymocytes ready to emigrate to the periphery as naive cells. MICA molecules were expressed in the Hassal's corpuscules of normal thymus. MICA overexpression in thymona was associated with a decreased percentage of NKG2D positive thymocytes wich expressed a less mature phenotype. MICA is strongly expressed a less mature phenotype. MICA is strongly expressed at epithelial cell surface in patients with active celiac desease, and is induced by gliadin or its p31-49.
Lanaya, Hanane. "Rôle des cellules myéloïdes immatures GR1+CD11b+ dans le rejet du mastocytome P815." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210372.
Full textThe aim of our work was to define the mechanisms by which a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX), a chemical agent commonly used in chemotherapy treatment, induces the rejection of established P815 mastocytoma.
Our data show that CTX treatment leads to the selective loss of GR1medCD11b+ splenic myeloid cell producing TGF-â, a cytokine which is known to suppress antitumoral response. Furthermore, injection of CTX causes a decrease in the number of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the spleen and the tumor. Finally, CTX treatment induces the differentiation of GR1highCD11b+ splenic myeloid cells into mature GR1highCD11b+CD11c+ (possibly dendritic cells?) which express high levels of CD11c, MHC class II and CD86 molecules. Of note, these cells are mainly detected in tumour necrosis areas.
Collectively, these results suggest that CTX prevents suppressive mechanisms and induces a population of CD11c+ myeloid cells which may present tumor antigens and activate T lymphocytes, an hypothesis in line with the requirement for CD4+ cells in CTX-induced long term resistance.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Poinsignon, Anne. "Étude de la relation homme-vecteur : de l'identification à la validation de protéines salivaires comme marqueur immunologique d'exposition aux piqûres d'Anopheles spp. et Glossina spp." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T034.
Full textLéauté-Labreze, Christine. "Profil sérologique des connectivites de l'enfant : à propos de 84 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23079.
Full textJouand, Nicolas. "Etude de la réponse lymphocitaire T non conventionnelle restreinte par HLA-E lors de l'infection par le cytomégalovirus chez les patients transplantés rénaux." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1002/document.
Full textHuman Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major cause of morbidity in immunodeficient individuals. Antiviral immunity being essential in the management of the virus in the host, understanding the role of each of the immune effectors in the anti-HCMV immune response is crucial to improve the upcoming management of these patients. ln this study, we characterized ex vivo, by a qualitative and quantitative approach, the unconventional UL40-specific HLA-E-restricted CDS T lymphocytes (LT HLA-EuL4o) · in kidney transplant patients (n = 119) and healthy volonteers (n = 25). We show that their development is related to HCMV infection of the recipient and is specific for the infectious viral strain. LT HLA-EuL40 cells are quasiclonal populations present in approximately 30% of the HCMV• individuals and can account for up to 40% of circulating CDS T cells. ln addition, it appears that the HLA-A*02 allele and the HLA-E*01 :01/01 :03 genotype are factors associated with the generation of these populations. LT HLA-EuL4o are effector-memory CDS T cells capable of cytotoxicity and cytokine production (TNF-a, IFN-y, IL-2). ln addition to the nominal peptide, these cells recognize a set of relatively close nonamers, including signal peptides derived from HLA-I proteins presented physiologically by HLA-E, thus raising the question of potential autologous and/or allogeneic reactivity. ln conclusion, our results highlight the importance of studying the role of l T HLA-EuL4o in the protection against HCMV and their possible impact in a transplant context
Grasset, Evelyne. "A propos d'un cas d'alvéolite allergique extrinsèque dans la maladie des humidificateurs." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3033.
Full textReboux, Gabriel. "Etiologie du poumon de fermier en Franche-Comté. Aspects microbiologiques et immunologiques." Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE3033.
Full textLellouche, Eric. "L'immunité locale dans deux parasitoses oculaires, toxoplasmose et onchocércose." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P084.
Full textRommelaere, Samuel. "Pantéthéinases sériques : Nature, origine et fonctions." Aix-marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4114.
Full textVanin (vnn) genes code for pantetheinases that hydrolyse pantethine to pantothenate and cysteamine. Vnn enzymes appear as modulators of tissue stress response to infectious, toxic or immune challenges. A seric pantetheinase activity has been described but its origin, molecular nature and function are not known. The objectives were to identify regulators of seric Vnn and to investigate its functions
Podevin, Guillaume. "Approche chirurgicale de la thérapie génique in vivo des maladies héréditaires du foie." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=51f552e2-17c0-447d-ba36-77190321cf3b.
Full textIdeally, gene therapy for inherited diseases should result in indefinite synthesis of fully active therapeutic protein. Nevertheless, highly efficient gene transfer into hepatocytes in vivo resulted in transient expression of the transgene, due to induction of an immune response against the transgene product. To circumvent this drawback, we developed in rats a surgical approach in which vectors administration was performed through asanguineous perfusion of the liver after complete vascular exclusion. In sight of clinical trial, we also applied surgical techniques of liver perfusion on two large animal models, the lamb and the macaque. Our works demonstrated that: (1) both asanguineous perfusion of the liver together with purification of the viral surpernatant in order to remove soluble transgenic protein were required to decrease significantly immune response, (2) surgical procedures were well tolerated in the two large animal species, and (3) hepatocytes in lamb liver were not easily accessible to viral vectors probably because of thick basal lamina. In conclusion, asanguineous perfusion for in vivo liver gene transfer is a good way to obtain sustained expression of the transgenic protein. Non-human primate is the only relevant model to clearly define the potential of liver gene therapy in clinics
Laberenne, Jean-Eric. "Maladie coeliaque de l'adulte : observance du regime sans gluten et correlation clinique, biologique, immunologique et histologique." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M280.
Full textGernez, Yaël. "Mécanismes fonctionnels et signalisation intracellulaire dans les maladies allergiques et inflammatoires chez l'homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20689/document.
Full textSummary of the first part. We hypothesized that granulocytes were not only playing an effector role in atopic diseases, but also a regulatory role. Furthermore, we proposed that granulocytes, due to their rapid activation response, could be used in rapid non-invasive whole blood assays for Allergic Asthma (AA), Food Allergy (FA) and Eosinophillic Esophagitis (EoE), three allergic diseases. We first studied asthma. Then, we explored the profil of activation of blood eosinophils in patients with EoE. We explored some activation surface markers (CD66b) and some intracellular phosphoepitopes of interest (Ph-STAT1 and Ph-STAT6). We then focused our attention on blood basophils in food allergy. We developped a potential blood basophil assay (based on two basophil activation surface markers, CD203c and CD63), which could discriminate a patient with food allergy, which could also identify the offending allergen and, which could monitor the effect of new therapy.Summary of the second part. We focused our attention on the role of the blood and sputum neutrophils in cystic fibrosis (CF). Cystic fibrosis is the most frequent disease in Caucasians. While CF affects all exocrine organs throughout the body, its lung manifestation represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality. We first discovered that blood neutrophils were deficient in glutathion. We therefore started a clinical phase IIa, where N-acetyl-cystein were given orally in high dose to patients with CF for twelve weeks. Thanks to this regimen, the deficit in glutathion in blood PNN disappeared. The number of exacerbations significantly decreased, however, no positive effect were observerd on the lung function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that profound functional and signaling changes readily occur within viable PNN recruited to CF airways, compared to their blood counterparts. For a long time, neutrophil dysfunction in CF airways has been equated with necrosis and passive release of elastase, DNA and, actin. However, we established recently by direct ex vivo analysis of airway neutrophils from CF patients that a large fraction of these cells are viable and appear to actively release these enzymes-containing granules. We also show that neutrophils that entered CF airways have increased phosphorylation of key effectors in the amino acid-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. An upregulation of the mTOR pathway might reflect an increase of the survival of the neutrophils in the airways. Another common view of peripheral neutrophils is that of terminally differentiated population, with little if any ability to become anabolic. However, we outlined the ability of human neutrophils to modify their transcriptional profile upon migration to the lung in CF. The last part of these thesis is a combination of knowledge that we acquired on the blood basophils in food allergy and on the neutrophils from the airways of patients with CF. We are currently trying to develop an unmet need blood (basophil) test which could discrimate the CF patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. We are also trying to understand the role of airways neutrophils and eosinophils in the pathogenese of these disease
Cavaillès, Pierre. "Etude du contrôle génétique de l'atopie et de la résistance à la toxoplasmose, à l'aide de lignées congéniques réciproques de rats BN et LEW." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30149.
Full textTogbe, Dieudonnée. "Récepteurs Toll (TLRs) et leurs voies de signalisation : rôles dans les réponses innée et acquise aux antigènes de la tuberculose et du paludisme (malaria)." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2047.
Full textKowalczewska, Malgorzata. "Recherche de biomarqueurs de la maladie de Whipple par une approche protéomique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20683.
Full textWoods, Anne. "Infection et autoimmunité : Approches expérimentale des mécanismes de rupture de la tolérance B lymphocytaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/WOODS_Anne_2007.pdf.
Full textAutoimmune diseases are associated with genetic and environmental factors. Among the latter, infections have been particularly implicated. However, the mecanisms of such an association between infections and autoimmune diseases are still unknown. We have tried to understand those mecanisms by using transgenic mouse models expressing chimeric rheumatoid factors (RF) in the presence or in the absence of their autoantigen (human IgG). In these models, RF B cells are ignorant towards their autoantigen. However, infection of RF trangenic mice with Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) breaks this state of tolerance thanks to the formation of Bb/anti-Bb human IgG immune complexes that induce a synergic signal between the BCR and a receptor recognising Bb antigens (probably a Toll-like receptor, TLR). This tolerance breakdown needs T cell help. On the other hand, infection with influenza virus does not break RF B cell tolerance in our tg model although this infection is able to induce type I IFN production, otherwise often associated with autoimmune diseases, and even when the transgene is expressend on an autoimmune background, NZBxNZW(F1). Bb infection induces a polyclonal B cell activation. Ce phenomenon is not well known, it has consequences on the immune response against infections and on the production of potentially harmfull autoantibodies. The infection of MyD88 deficient mice (considered at first to understand the role of TLR in the RF B cell tolerance breakdown) showed that this protein is important for polyclonal B cell activation. MyD88 inhibits the development of a Th2 immune response, thus probably preventing an increased production of IL-4 that can directly and excessively activate B cells
Baillat, Vincent. "Diagnostic précoce de la toxoplasmose cérébrale chez le sujet séropositif VIH : intérêt d'une nouvelle méthode immunologique." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11061.
Full textFouchet, David. "Rôle des anticorps maternels dans le changement d' impact d'une maladie infectieuse : impact du choix du modèle sur la compréhension des relations hôte parasites." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10151.
Full textCondamines, Olivier. "Exploration immunologique de la démence de type alzheimer : immunoanalyse de protéines neuronales et gliales." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05CD14.
Full textKAVERI, SRINIVAS-VENKATESH. "Etude immunologique des recepteurs beta-adrenergiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077217.
Full textYilma, Jobre Makonnen. "Contribution à l'étude de l'épidémiologie, du diagnostic immunologique et de la physiopathologie de l'oestrose ovine (oestrus ovis linne 1761)." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT036A.
Full textTorreilles, François. "Immunologie appliquée à l'exploration de la démence de type Alzheimer. Comparaison de différentes méthodes permettant l'obtention d'Acm anti-tau par l'utilisation comme immunogène de la protéine recombinante htau40." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13522.
Full textClaverie, Marie-Pierre. "L'approche psychosomatique dans la compréhension de l'évolution d'une maladie infectieuse : psychosomatique et immunité." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20025.
Full textPsychosomatic and AIDS, contribution to evaluation of disease evolution. This study of 19 subjects afflicted with HIV infection demonstrates that their symptomatic variability in terms of stabilization depends of the quality of psychic functioning. The analysis and interpretation of data from Toranto Alexithymia scale, from Rorschach protocols, KAPP and clinical research interviews tend to hypothesis that the somatic improument and the ability to cope with the disease depends of the quality of psychic functioning
POIREL, DACHICOURT CATHERINE, and BENOIT POIREL. "Epidermolyse bulleuse acquise associee a une maladie de crohn : etude clinique, immunologique et ultrastructurale d'un cas et revue de la litterature." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM094.
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