Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies mentales – Dans la littérature – 19e siècle'
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Satiat, Nadine. "Décadence et folie : aspects de la folie dans la littérature en prose de la fin du 19e siècle (1860-1912)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040481.
Full textThe idea of decadence developed during the second half of the 19th century based on a pessimistic vision of the historical, social and cultural context (the end of the second empire, military defeat, the rise of the middle class, bourgeois vulgarity, the triteness of naturalism) and the development of theories of degeneracy, which appears as a new form of fate. Classicists in literature condemned this general decadence and also stigmatized those in contemporary literature who, paradoxically calling themselves "decadent" in the manner of Baudelaire whom they venerated, reacted against it and sought to promote and put into practice a mode of thought and an aesthetic of refinement which, while being fully of their time, would surmount the objective decadence of the age. This "decadent" literature conceives decadence as essentially the physical and mental decay of the male, for which the woman is the prime instrument. In addition, it analyses the mechanism by which the "decadent" mind destroys itself and sinks into madness of its own motion. It is the profound and fatal void of the woman…
Dupuit, Christine. "Les pratiques littéraires comme réalité sociale : l'écriture fictionnelle de la folie en France à la fin du 19ème siècle : une pratique de sécession." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0326.
Full textWho is mad. . . When are whe mad. . . Where are whe mad. . . How are we mad. . . Why are we mad. . . When madness is the matter of a french novel in the nineteenth century (1880-1900). This thesis of sociology concerns the literature "fin de siecle" and tries to understand the social reasons of the folly is written in this fiction, during this period and in this way. The textual analysis of six fictions a rebours and en rade de joris karl huysmans, mr venus of rachilde, le dr pascal, l'oeuvre and la bete humaine de zola allowed us to defend the following thesis : the topic of madness is constitutive of a kind of rupture and reconstitution of social order. Against the "industrial", commercial and popular literature, writing the madness is sociologicaly understandable as a disaffected action which derogates from the orthodoxy, the functionalism and the lisisbility of the new burgess printed matter
Bokobza-Kahan, Michèle. "Folie et libertinage dans le roman du XVIIIème siècle." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030083.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to approach the libertine novels of the xviiith century (until the publication of les amours du chevalier de faublas by louvet de couvray in 1789), as a questioning on the involvment of madness and libertinism - way and mean of being - to the becoming of human in the world. Libertinism always developing within a determined society and in the relationship with others, the issue of madness is perceived in three different aspects : the social angle, the psychological angle and the interactional angle. Highlighting the representation of madness and the links woven between mental disease and a certain kind of relationships based on the libertine system, this study leads to a better comprehension of the libertine phenomenon itself
Froudière, Julie. "Littérature et aliénisme : poétique romanesque de l'Asile (1870-1914)." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21011/document.
Full textIn the XIXth century, the perception of madness goes through significant evolutions : therapeutic methods are determined, an architectural plan is settled, specialists of madness are appointed, a law is promulgated. The asylum, place of madness, inevitably undergoes these evolutions, and becomes culture free scenes : people visit it, the novelists invest it. At the crossroad of collective imagination and the works of the alienists, the explorations of the literature in the asylum multiply. Through a varied corpus, this thesis deals with the question of novelists developing a poetical representation of the asylum between 1870 and 1914. It will expound how this poetics takes shape in the common sense and in the literary work, from a cultural and scientific substratum which personal requirements and work of scriptural construction will modify as novels come out. Thus, the aesthetics of the asylum?s landscape is drawing out of the descriptions of the place, the symbols attached to it, and the representation of those who live in it, but also of those who work there. A typology of the Asylum shows itself then, defined by a series of paradigms, as well as a taxonomy of the madman and the alienist, and their respective speeches. A writing of the asylum appears through the stylistic and rhetoric study of these elements, and the poetics arise from the tension between clichés and the singularity of the writing. The ?asylum? will thus be ?Asylum? in the novels
Biasci, Giulia. "Le discours de la maladie chez Diderot et dans les traités médicaux du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030046.
Full textThis thesis is an interdisciplinary study about the representation of the psychosomatic disease in Denis Diderot’s work put in an open dialectical relationship with Vitalistic medical theories from Montpellier medical school, around the mid-18th century. The notion of the organism as an animata anatome where soul is made flesh through sensibility is the precondition for the study of a disease that affects both the body and the mind. This is also the main finding proposed by the vitalists in their epistemological and methodological renewal of medicine. The treatises taken into consideration in our corpus following Diderot’s notes in Éléments de physiologie, as well as the articles of the Encyclopédie concerning medical matters, present attempts to theorize this new type of disease. By transcribing their experiences, doctors use poetic solutions that open the medical treatise to the forms and modes of the novel. The same figurative and poetic approaches can be found in Éléments de physiologie. In this essay, Diderot thus formulates his “science de l’homme”, he reflects on the consequences of physiological determinism, and he finally envisions the human being as a complex convolution of needs and relations. Diderot's novels and tales are the laboratory where he questions the complexity of the relationship between the individual and reality and he provides the psychosomatic disease with narrative and aesthetic functions. By representing sick physiological manifestations in a realistic way, Diderot appropriates the clinical observation specific to physicians, he involves his reader in the narration, and he questions classical moral philosophy
Caigny, Florence de. "Imitation, traduction et adaptation des tragédies de Sénèque aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles en France." Paris 4, 2004. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=http://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=FcaMS01.
Full textThe influence of Seneca's drama in XVIth and XVIIth century France is both surprising and paradoxical. Between the revival of French tragedy in 1553 and its renovation in the late 1620s, authors drew on his works for their own productions, and continued to do so after the debate over the French classical rules had taken place. However, from the middle of the XVIth century onward, theorists became increasingly critical of his works. Seneca gradually lost his position as a model to be imitated and was challenged on the grounds that the constructions of his plays were too static, his subjects too violent, and his elocution too artificial. In order to answer the question of his persisting influence it is necessary to study and confront the mimetic theories of the period, the reflections on the tragic genre and the particular features of Seneca's drama. The exemplary nature of his subjects, most fitted to a copious use of language, was considered by XVIth dramatists as a model that was fully compatible with their ambition to illustrate the French language. During the XVIIth century, as they undertook to create a distinctly French tragedy, the dramatists continued to make use of some elements that testified to Seneca's enduring (if sometimes concealed) presence. He was also being restored to favour by the translation of his tragedies
Arnaud, Sabine. "Mise en récit et enjeux politiques d'un diagnostic : l'hystérie entre 1730 et 1820 : construction et circulation d'une catégorie médicale." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0039.
Full textMy work begins with a study of terminology, retracing terms used during the eighteenth century to discuss what would eventually be recognized as hysteria. I t studies doctors' formation of symptoms into a category and efforts to convey an idea of hysteric maladies despite their contradictory expressions. It delves into how power relationships structure encounters between doctors and patients. It analyzes physicians' writing strategies and employ of literary genres. It regards the use of hysteria as a pretext for theorizations around class, sexual difference, geography, and race, and its invocation during the crisis of the Convulsionaries and French Revolution. In theatrical pieces, fables, and anecdotes, symptoms function as a system of signs. In novels, pathology is used to contrast conflicting interpretations of expressions and interrogate representation. French and English medical, political, philosophical and literary texts constitute the corpus of this study
Tellier, Virginie. "Le discours du fou dans le récit romantique européen : (Allemagne, France, Russie)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL008.
Full textThe thesis studies the linguistics, philosophy and aesthetics of literary language of the madman in the Romantic era. It focuses on The Devil's Elixirs (Hoffmann, 1815), The Crumb Fairy (Nodier, 1832), The Diary of a Madman (Gogol, 1835), The Sylph (Odoevsky, 1837) and Aurelia (Nerval, 1855). Other narratives are more promptly summoned, as The Night Watches (Bonaventura, 1804) or Louis Lambert (Balzac, 1832). The madman is a problematic being: he is both unhealthy and inhabited by a divine inspiration. This paradox finds a new relevance in the first half of the nineteenth century. On the one hand, the development of Alienism tends to define mental pathologies from a medical point of view. On the other hand, the birth of the Fantastic promotes the figure of the mad artist. The Madman, when he speaks, questions autobiographical writing and redefines the Self, Space and Time. His speech has pragmatic issues: the madman seeks to demonstrate that he is not mad, in a society which condemns him. He also endeavours to convey a truth. His language is then used to describe the mythical forces that travel the world and, perhaps, to recreate it. The notion of creation is essential. The Romantic era modifies the definition of literature, which loses its representative function in favour of a purely linguistic function. The speech of the madman takes part in the founding of new aesthetics: it creates it in a critical gesture that questions its legitimacy. Impossible and unthinkable, it embodies the "silent speech" (J. Rancière) that becomes modern literature
Weill-Engerer, Christèle. "La folie : reflet d'une esthétique baroque dans le théâtre de Shakespeare, Calderón et Corneille : étude linguistique, stylistique et littéraire." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040193.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to compare three authors writing in different idioms, all three belonging to the XVIIth century: Shakespeare, Calderon and Corneille. We tried to show that their theatrical works offer the features of a baroque aesthetics, refusing consequently the image of a classical Corneille. We choosed one of the aspects which represents the best the baroque in the theater: madness. The theme of madness leaded us to examine, in a linguistical, stylistical and literary point of view, some characteristics common or divergent between this English, Spanish and French theater. First, we began to point out in these three authors that some characters were having an unbounded desire of power and domination, representing on stage what we called "a Prometheus challenge". From this point, we established that the linguistical and stylistical expression of madness was not necessarily appearing with an hyperbolical language but, paradoxically, with a rational language. We studied then the madness of love, and more particularly jealousy, which symbolizes a DionysiaC baroque, producing, in the tragedy or the comedy, the violence of passion. Finally, we saw that madness could present clinical and pathological signs and symbolize therefore a spiritual, somatical and macrocosmical disorder, described with precision by the three authors. In conclusion, this work shows that the topic of madness perfectly reflects a theatrical baroque with different faces in the works of Shakespeare, Calderon and Corneille
Coste, Martine Agathe. "La folie sur la scène parisienne : regard sur un répertoire français et européen : 1900-1968." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030051.
Full textIf madness, in its widest sense, is indisputably better understood when it is considered as a relational phenomenon, we should not be surprised by its frequent manifestation in the theater, itself definable as a relational phenomenon in several respects. Where, in effets, can one find the theater's "essence" if not in its capacity, greater than of any other art form, to weave relationships instantaneously or with the greatest urgency when its survival is at stake ? however, madness and theater, both being relational phenomena, can then apppear to be antithetical if the former means alteration of the relationship whereas the latter's very existence depends on the relationship's cohesion. Is madness pushed to the limit not a kind of disintegration ? is the theater not, on the other hand, a communion of sorts ? this paradox, then, instead of removing madness from the stage, seems to link the theme of madness most intimately with the theater, our intuitive deduction being that madness and he theater do not come together on an anecdotal level, as do other themes and the theater, but that madness and the theater cannot avoid converging since the challenge that madness poses for the theater strikes it at its very heart, especially now, at the end of the twentieth century, when th theater's identity, function, and future have never seemed more uncertain. The parisian stage from the beginning of the twentieth century to the crisis of 1968, viewed in retrospect, is now seen as fertile ground for experimentation that only further strengthened the relationship between madness and he theater. During this whole period of time, paris remained the capital of performing arts, thus benefiting from the best of european theatrical repertories
Ramouche, Marie-Pierre. "Savoir et pouvoir dans "la trilogia del siglo XX de Jorge Volpi." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083130.
Full textThis thesis examines the novels that compose Jorge Volpi's trilogy (En busca de Klingsor, El fin de la locura et No será la Tierra) from the perspective of the relationships between Knowledge and Power. The study demonstrates that the Mexican author, under the influence of the works by Michel Foucault on the links unifying the notions of Knowledge and Power, built a trilogy that highlights the close and paradoxical relationships between these two concepts, which intersect and inverse throughout these three novels, until finally converging in their exact antithesis, madness. Whether it be in the conflicts opposing "men of knowledge" — the scientists and the intellectuals — to the politico-economic power, or in the most intimate strata of an individual's psyche — in one's relationships with others and with oneself —, or even at the very heart of his conception of literature and in his own writing, this study reveals that Jorge Volpi revisits the concepts of knowledge and of power through the prism of madness. Throughout his work, the knowledge-power relationships lead to madness which is itself the source of another form of knowledge-power, both unfathomable and uncontrollable, for which Volpi seems to feel a deep fascination
Sermadiras, Émilie. "Religion et maladie dans le récit de fiction de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL051.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes fictions that, in the second half of the 19th century, illustrate the idea that "sickness is the natural state of a Christian". The elective affinities between religion and pathology interest both realist or naturalistic novelists (such as Émile Zola, the Goncourts, Alphonse Daudet, etc.), whose polemical view aims at demystifying or even medicalizing beliefs, as well as catholic writers (Barbey d’Aurevilly, Léon Bloy, J.-K. Huysmans, Émile Baumann), who emphasize the spiritual meaning of physical afflictions. The parallel between fictions that are all based on the spectacle of a sick believer, but engage contrasting writing styles and currents of thought, shows how much literature crystallises the debate that is going on at the time about Christianism. It also uncovers a point of commonality between writers that critics are used to consider under the restrictive perspective of their opposition. This study aims to highlight the mutual influences that link together several writers who, beyond their differences, base their representation of religious feelings on the same pathological imaginary and the same poetics of incarnation. We argue that the renewal of religious feelings, whether it's in an apologetical or critical perspective, relies on the description of a body which suffers pain, sickness or mysterious psychophysiological disorders. Ultimately, the body conveys considerations about faith, Christian ideology and beliefs and ecclesiastic institutions
Rabin, Jacques. "De l'absurde dans les romans de Muriel Spark." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20017.
Full textMrs Spark's novels present the reader with a paradox: her stories focus on the absurdities of life, and yet many of her characters proclaim their christian - i. E. Roman catholic - beliefs. Her plots centre around the irrationality of human behaviour as men and women, apparently oblivious to their ineluctable ultimate fate, let themselves be driven by their passions. They live routine, empty lives dominated by sex in an imperfect world amidst uncomprehending, and as often as not hostile, fellow human beings. They spend much time and energy trying to avoid their fate or grappling with the problem of truth: meanwhile, the world is prey to suffering, social evils, war and death. Evil is the work of the devil acting under the guise of men, and increasingly of men alone. Indeed, at first imbued with religiosity and the uncanny, her fiction, which ranges from comedy to tragedy and even accommodates the gothic, has gradually become less christian and more absurd. Her novels reflect a deeply fractured world and stand in their unmistakable terse style as stark statements of the human condition. Art, a central theme in the novelist's work, has replaced religion as a transcendental value and as an antidote to the absurd
Peri, Francesco. "Art des nerfs, nerfs d’artiste. Modernité et maladies nerveuses dans la littérature française et allemande, 1865-1914." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA025.
Full textBased on a cross-examination of medical, scientific, literary, and critical materials, this work attempts a transnational genealogy of the concept of Nervenkunst (“art of the nerves”). Through a historical reconstruction of the French origins of the discourses that coalesce in that category (and a survey of their prerevolutionary and ancient sources), our research proves that a genetic connection between the writer’s craft and the nervous system is neither a peculiarity of Austrian literature in the 1890s nor a premonition of psychoanalysis, but the product of a system of exchanges and transformations that span several centuries, to converge in the years of early Naturalism. The first part chronicles the invention of “modern nerves”; in other words, it offers a cultural history of the neurological imagination before and after 1789. The second part describes the genesis of an idea of the nervous author during the Second Empire and the early Third Republic (focusing on the work of the Goncourt brothers and their entourage). The third part deals with the germanization of these originally French contents: how did these notions take root in the German-speaking world at a time (1870-1890) when Berlin’s relations with Paris were problematic at best? The answer lies in a system of cultural mediations and mutual perceptions that involves, among other things, Austria and Scandinavia
Touboul, Anaëlle. ""Histoires de fous". Approche de la folie dans le roman français du XXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA123/document.
Full textHaunting our collective imagination, the madman has always been laden with symbolic significance. The myth of madness is abundantly present in literature, however those characters with an actual mental illness are ultimately overshadowed. While mental patients are pushed to the margins of literature, just as they are pushed to the outskirts of society, this particular cultural legend of madness develops during the nineteenth century in Romantic and fantastic literature and stays in the spotlight at the beginning of the following century through the avant-garde artists. In contrast to the aforementioned representation of madness, a number of novelists of the twentieth century, including Georges Duhamel, André Baillon, Julien Green, Henry de Montherlant or Alexandre Vialatte, brought on a literary shift away from “madness” towards “the madman” – from the myth to the individual. The focus of this piece of work is on the modality and logic leading to the emancipation of the figure of the madman and its affirmation as an autonomous subject – in every sense of the world – in the literary field. These fictional stories, where the alienated consciousness is both the focus and the main subject of the narrative, present the reader with an almost familiar madness. They don’t idealize insanity but provide representations of almost ordinary disorders, which affect a banal character living a modest life. Through their semantic, syntactic and pragmatic preferences, these stories form a fictional “sub-genre”, called “histoires de fous”. This research aims at determining the generic features of these novels and at considering the way madness questions the means and powers of fiction. Another purpose is to shed light on how literature helps us understand this inconceivable experience, which represents the other side of the commonly shared human experience of reason and logic, and to study how novelists help to reveal as well as reshape the characterization of this social and cultural topic
Hourmant-Le, Bever Nathalie. "Le théâtre de Steven Berkoff : une esthétique de la rupture." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20043.
Full textThe @theatre of Steven Berkoff is based on a central notion that of rupture, this distinctive feature is certainly one of the most remarkable staples of his theatre. Moreover the playwright was once quoted as saying " art should not ever begin to express some balanced thing, art is schizophrenic ". This statement legitimates and justifies this attempt at defining his theatre according to this principle. The similarities between schizophrenia and Berkoff's theatrical world are striking and numerous. Thanks to several immutable theatrical and linguistic rules Steven Berkoff has elaborated an aesthetics of rupture. His theatre is a portrait of the world of the schizophrenic along with a provocative commentary on modernist and postmodernist culture. A threefold approach has been chosen in this work. First we will study the different influences which have shaped Berkoff's theatre. Then we shall focus attention on the notion of world catastrophe which is of primary importance in his plays. A second part will deal with language and its main features. In the last part we will first survey the way in which Steven Berkoff treats sexuality and violence and then concentrate on Steven Berkoff himself and his ambivalent relationships with the journalists
Coste, David. "Les représentations du fou dans le théâtre espagnol des années 1920." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC039.
Full textThis thesis analyses Freudian or psychoanalytic drama plays in Spain such as Sinrazon by Ignacio Sanchez Mejias, Trance by Cirpiano de Rivas Cherif, Dr Death de 3 a 5 by Azorin among others.. It accounts for the presence of the lunatic in a large theatrical panorama of that time, such presence being conditioned by the rise of Freudianism in Spain which strengthens the attractiveness of deep psychology used for the first time at the turn of the century by symbolism as representation mode. This work attempts to provide perspective on the different influences which shape this figure,to analyse how the cultural debate within Spanish society in the 1920's is reflected in drama and how drama itself can take this debate forward. At the core of this ethic and existential questioning, what do the choices of representation of the lunatic on Spanish stages thus imply ?
Schaller, Quentin. "Discours de la folie, discours sur la folie dans le "Liber Novus" de C.G. JUNG (1875-1961) : savoirs psychologiques, ésotériques et littéraires autour de 1900." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAC014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the discourse on madness in C.G. Jung’s Red Book, and questions the hypothesis of Jung’s madness. The study of Jung’s biography establishes the breaks and continuities in his inner life up to the period which is reflected in the Red Book (1913-1930), and the lack of scientific foundation of the various diagnoses made about him is demonstrated. The study of the Red Book’s narrative leads to the establishment of a typology of madness, comprised of two profane madnesses and one “divine madness” – the latter is linked to the logic of transformation of personality, which Jung later theorized as “individuation”. A new reading of Jung’s personal crisis is thus suggested, which shows that his experience was in reality an experience of suffering inherent to the psychical movement he later describes as “metanoïa” and an experience of religious quest and conscious living of the creative function of the unconscious. A literary comparative analysis with novels from authors contemporaneous with Jung, Hermann Hesse, Hermann Broch and Gustav Meyrink, shows the presence of a number of significant similarities between these different discourses
Weeber, Jeanne. "La Stratégie de la fuite. Folie et antipsychiatrie dans le roman de 1960 à 1980." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040069.
Full textIn the early sixties, the theme of madness suddenly became a prominent subject in both social sciences and litterature. Whether as discursive pratice or philosophical and social issue, there was considerable divergence in and around the anti-psychiatric mouvement. A comparative study of a body of litterature composed of nine novels by French, American, English, Dominican, New-zealander, Moroccan and Portughese writers allows a broad and contextualized comprehension of the various treatements of anti-psychiatry in contemporary litterature. Thus, Faces in the Water by Janet Frame and The Ha-Ha by Jennifer Dawson (1961), One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey (1962), The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath (1963), Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein by Marguerite Duras and Le Locataire chimérique by Roland Topor (1964), Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys (1966), Moha le fou, Moha le sage by Tahar Ben Jelloun (1978) and Conhecimento do Inferno by Antonio Lobo Antunes (1980) are analized from the point of view of psychiatry researches (Szasz, Cooper, Laing...) sociological (Goffmann, Anderson...) and philosophical reflection (Foucault, Derrida, Baudrillard...) in order to trace the outline of what that historical moment called 'madness'. Punctual obsessions and traditional definitions converge in these works to create a poetic of runaway, moreover, an aesthetics of escape
Madriasse, Sébastien. "La difficulté d'être dans l'oeuvre de Musset." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719715.
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