Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies mentales – Thérapeutique – Maroc'
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Adohane, Taoufik. "Mélanges étiologiques et syncrétismes thérapeutiques : approche ethnopsychiatrique des processus à l'oeuvre dans les systèmes étiologiques traditionnels au Maroc." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070009.
Full textFrom the imbrication of etiological patterns in so-called traditional societies, a number of epistemologic and technical issues arise. On a therapeutical practice level, various registers interfer and lead to ambiguous mixtures which are paradoxal and based on a formal symmetry. Theses ones tend towards a form of pragmatic syncretism. This thesis is about the exploration of series of etiological themes representative of care and therapy within maghrebian and muslem culture
Naamouni, Khadija. "La Maladie mentale et le culte de Bouya Omar dans le rite de la confrérie Rahhaliyya au Maroc." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0036.
Full textThe theme of this research fits into a particular line of study, that is, mental illness and the cult of bouya omar in the rite of the rahhaliyya brotherhood in morocco. The main objet of study is brotherhood centered around the figure of bouya omar, considered by his followers as the saint who cures possession. Our thesis is, in fact, a presentation of ground-work documents together with the reflexions and comments of the people interwiewed : that is, the rahhaliyyine, descendants of the saint who exercise the profession of curers and who constitue the hadra rahhaliyya, and also the possessed who remain in the sanctuary for whom the principal elements of treatment are transe and dreams. All of our enquiry was carried out in the sanctuary of bouya omar. This enabled as to study this cult as an institution. Our thesis basically involves identifying the socio-cultural mechanisms of possession, the elements which make up the marabout beliefs and the meaning of these elements in the culte of bouya omar
Samaoli, Omar. "Pratiques traditionnelles de prise en charge des troubles mentaux au Maroc." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H028.
Full textGhanjaoui, Zakia. "Les représentations de la maladie mentale au Maroc." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H024.
Full textGuillemain, Hervé. "Les directions de la conscience : histoire sociale et culturelle des maladies psychiques et des pratiques thérapeutiques en France (1830-1939)." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120019.
Full textFrom the Nineteenth-century to 1930, psychological treatments were carried out by administering spiritual advices to the patients. The thesis deals with the religious aspects of those medical treatments : psychotherapy, hypnotism and moral treatment. It ambraces a nex field study located at the crossroad of the religious, medical history and psychological history. Focused on the study of medical practices and on the ever changing notion of mental illness, it follows two guidelines, namely : possession and exorcism. A chronological approach has been selected and within three main periods, the following work aims at comparing medical treatments from a religious and a non-religious perspective. It also describes the confrontations which took place between practitioners, priest and doctors. One has to wait the emergence of psychoanalytical practices, a real watershed in that regard, to see the decline of Christian influence on medical practices, which in turn had a counter effect on theology, religious rites and contributed to the birth of the Christian doctor
Bahremand, Arash. "Potentiel thérapeutique de JJ-3-42, un nouvel agoniste sélectif des récepteurs 5-HT2C, dans le traitement des maladies psychiatriques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66680.
Full textIntroduction: Recently, various lines of evidence support the potential benefits of 5-HT2C receptor activation in different psychiatric disorders. In this regard, JJ-3-42 a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor agonist has demonstrated a promising profile in preclinical animal studies. However, the extent of central responses of this new compound in various dimensions of animal behaviour is not clear yet. In this study, we investigated the possible therapeutic implications of 5-HT2C receptor activation following the administration of JJ-3-42, using a wide range of animal models of mental disorders. Methods: Firstly, we examined the central outcomes of JJ-3-42 in a battery of behavioural tests in the brain-serotonin deficient TPH2-KI mouse model. Several standard tests related to cognition, anxiety, social interaction and repetitive/compulsive behaviour were used. In this study and for the very first time, we tested the JJ-3-42 molecule, side-by-side with a non-selective endogenous serotonin ligand, 5-HTP, and a potent and selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist, CP809.101, in a cohort of wild type and homozygote (HO) TPH2-KI R439H mice. Secondly, we examined the potential of JJ-3-42 to modulate the dopamine system using indexes of locomotor activity in wild type animals using different paradigms. In this regard, the efficiency of JJ-3-42 to resist the induced hyperlocomotor activity following the administration of different psychostimulants was evaluated. Moreover, the response of acute injection of JJ-3-42 on the innate locomotor activity of DAT-KO HO as well as the locomotion of dopamine depleted DAT-KO HO mice was tested. Finally, the effect of daily pre-treatment of JJ-3-42 on the locomotor response following cocaine administration in sensitized animals was studied. Results: We observed a significant reduction of repetitive and aggressive behavioural tendencies of TPH2-KI HO mice following the administration of various serotonergic agents. Using two selective 5-HT2C agonists CP809,101 and JJ-3-42, we showed that these beneficial responses were most likely carried via activation of 5-HT2C receptors in the brain. Moreover, we recorded a strong pro-cognitive and anti-compulsive character for the new 5-HT2C agonist JJ-3-42 across related behavioural paradigms in the TPH2-KI mouse model. Our results, also, indicate the favourable profile of JJ-3-42 compared to the other selective 5-HT2C agonist CP809.10 in anxiety-related tests. In fact, our findings show that, in contrast to the compounds, at a potent and therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg, JJ-3-42 is devoid of any significant anxiogenic response in animals. In the second part of our experiments, JJ-3-42 shows a robust and dose-dependent antipsychotic profile by preventing hyperactivity of animals induced by the administration of apomorphine and amphetamine. Our results demonstrates that, at a lower dose of 10 mg/kg, this compound has no effect on the innate or induced hyperdopaminergic state of the animals while at 20 mg/kg, it reduces the locomotor activity in DAT-KO HO mice and psychostimulant-treated WT animals. On the other hand, JJ-3-42, at 10 mg/kg, potentiated the locomotor responses of cocaine and MK-801, pointing out a complex interaction of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptors and the dopamine system. Finally, our results indicate that the daily pre-treatment of animals with JJ-3-42 at 10 mg/kg, does not change the locomotor response of a challenge dose of cocaine in sensitized mice compared to saline in a seven-days sensitization protocol. Conclusion: These results confirm the positive behavioural outcomes of 5-HT2C receptor agonist JJ-3-42 administration in the regulation of different mouse behaviours. Our results indicate compelling antipsychotic and pro-cognitive properties of JJ-3-42 in various mouse models of mental disorders. This compound successfully reduced the impulsivity and improved the sociability of the animals with no evidence of anxiogenic response. Taken together, our findings suggest that JJ-3-42 might possess therapeutic indications in several dimensions of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, drug addiction or obsessivecompulsive disorders. Our study implies that this drug could conceivably lead to fewer side effects and better control of negative and cognitive symptoms in psychiatric patients. Finally, our results indicate that JJ-3-42 might reduce the aggression and impulsivity indexes in animals, which might point out to the clinical implication of this drug in the future. Considering the crucial need for the development of new drugs possessing better therapeutic efficiency and less side effects, the results presented in this thesis should be considered a substantial progress towards the advancement of the use of 5-HT2C drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Steinmetz, Simone P. "L'évolution du comportement chez les individus souffrant de troubles mentaux aux handicapants traités avec des neuroleptiques." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H065.
Full textCouet, Lydia. "Soigner la folie et collectionner 'l'art des fous' : l'art asilaire au XIXème siècle : archéologie de l'art brut." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH030.
Full textTreating madness and collecting the "art of the insane". Asylum art during the nineteenth century : an archeology of Art Brut.This work is about artifacts made by patients in asylums during the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century: from their entrance into scientific collections and publications, until the first exhibitions into art galleries during the 1920's. We will try to show how, thanks to the role of some personalities of medical, litterary and artistic areas, the medical status of those creations will be overtaken and they will begin to invest artistic scene
Dahouindji, Charles. "Le devenir des malades hospitalisés dans une clinique privée de psychiatrie." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11123.
Full textBitsi, Jacques Alain. "Processus de symbolisation et appartenances culturelles : représentations de la maladie mentale et thérapies : le cas du Gabon." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/bitsi_ja.
Full textIn the Gabonese society, the traditional and Christian medical beliefs are regarded as a “way of thinking”. They have influence on individuals and induce the use of therapy. In this way, the representation of mental illness rest on these types of beliefs. However the inefficiency of granting of benefits (medical and spiritual) faced with certain types of illness lead to a systematic reference to the beliefs and traditional therapies. To refer to the beliefs through its speech, the subject symbolises its conflicts and worries. That is the symbolisation. The reference to the beliefs is the source of functioning psychic of a “credic” type which is characterised by “mask”, “bats”, “seeing”, “conversion”, “prayer” and “good/evil” responses. Theses responses constitute the “credic cores”, the source of symbolisation types to which the clinical officer would refer to for the patient's therapy
Encrenaz, Gaëlle. "Troubles psychiatriques, recours au soin et usage de substances psychoactives." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21387.
Full textWe aimed at examining if the use of mental health services modified psychiatric comorbidity with substance use disorders and at studying substance use in response to psychiatric disorders (prevalences and associated factors). Our two first studies showed that the use of mental health services was associated with a decreased risk of problematic substance use among subjects with several non substance-related psychiatric disorders. The third study showed that substance use in response to psychiatric disorders was frequent. This use, with healthcare use or not, was more frequent among men, young people, low educational levels and those living alone. Subjects aged 30 or younger were more likely to use substances, without consulting a medical doctor. If mental health qtatus was severe, the combination of substance use and healthcare was more frequent. These studies might define and target interventions for drug problems prevention
Janotta, Patrick. "Aspects psychanalytiques, psychiatriques et psychologiques du jeu et du joueur d'échecs." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11118.
Full textArrieta, Léonardo. "Aux sources des conceptions et pratiques psychiques en psychopathologie. Du début du XVIe à la fin du XIXe siècle : Contribution à l'histoire de la psychopathologie de l'enfant." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070092.
Full textThrough a clinical psychoanalytical approach, the author presents a historical research about the conceptions and psychic practices in psychopathology, from the beginning of the XVIth century until the end of the X1Xth century. Such a study comes as a contribution to childhood psychopathoiogy history, as it analyses the practices and ideas concerning the history of childhood in France and the psychic troubles regarding this first period of life. From the reading that is advanced, the author recovers some of the specific formal principles of psychic approaches in psychopathology. The historical impact and the limits met through time by this kind of discourses are analyzed in report to the dominant or official theories in psychopathology at each historical period
Liegl, Darwin. "L'improvisation vocale en musicothérapie auprès d’enfants présentant des troubles psychotiques : une voie vers l’harmonisation de l’originaire." Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20007.
Full textThe author centers his research on sound mediation with children presenting psychotic disorders within the framework of clinical group practice. The production of improvised music and vocal improvisation are used as gateways to the primary psychic processus and to the unconscious to facilitate symbolization. Completed by theoretical research and clinical observations concerning the emission of the archaic voice to new-borns and babies, this elaboration is supported by the analysis of the transference-counter-transference, the as-sociative channel and psychoanalytical system of reference. All the analyses and the obser-vations show that with children presenting psychotic disorders, the practice of group sound mediation using the technique of vocal improvisation, allows the mobilization and the harmo-nization of primary psychic processus traumatic sequences leading to a modification of the relation to object and initiating greater evolutionary dynamics
Londono, Diego. "Le dispositif pharmaceutique et le médicament psychotrope dans la formation du nouveau paradigme de la psychiatrie moderne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20031.
Full textAccording to the idea of Ŗparadigmsŗ in psychiatry, formulated by psychiatrist G. Lantéri-Laura we propose the thesis of the current Ŗparadigmŗ of psychiatry, which predominates in the nosology, the clinics, the epidemiology, the theory and the treatments of the psychological field. Following the thesis and the presentation of Lantéri-Laura of the first three paradigms he identifies, we formulate, by hypothesis, the existence of a ŖFourth paradigmŗ, which is a result of the appearance of the first psychotropic drug, of psychopharmacology and of what we call the Ŗpharmaceutical apparatus.ŗ These new components and devices will have consequences in the clinical diagnosis, the nosology and the current criteria in all the field of psychopathology. Even if a field of psychiatric knowledge pre-exists this apparatus, it is the latter that will shake up this field, transform it, reshape its contours and trigger the rupture with the elements previously established by classical psychiatry and psychoanalysis. This overhaul will produce new types of Ŗdisordersŗ: this is what we will call Ŗpharmaco-modified disordersŗ and Ŗpharmaco-derived disordersŗ or Ŗnew syndromesŗ. Moreover, these apparatuses will change forever how one conceives psychotherapy and the various treatments included in the praxis of the psychological field. The Ŗpharmaceutical apparatusŗ and the breach opened by the drug will also redesign and allow the emergence of new forms of psychotherapy. The incidence of evidence-based medicine on psychotherapy and the rise in the last twenty years of empirically supported therapy (mainly cognitive behavior therapies) will result in the entry of a school of psychotherapeutic thought that belongs to the ŖFourth paradigm
El, Barkaoui Radia. "Le traitement de la maladie mentale par la médecine traditionnelle au Maroc : rituels et pouvoir de guérison." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2054.
Full textThe purpose of our research is to study and explore the mental ilness field and its treatment with the traditional Moroccan medecine. In fact, the mental ilness field reveals a plurality of remedies associated with modern psychiatric care, a care by traditioonal system that occupies a very important place in the Moroccan health system such as fqīhs, and holy healers. In this regard, we have chosen to shed light on these means used in order to define their limits by revealing all types of practices of wichcraft linked to the supernaturel representation introduced by traditional practioners, such as the most famous Saint Būyā Umār (16th century) whou used to host the practice of chaining mentally ill people. This problematic situation sparked a great contreversy in 2015 witch ended up by its closure
Pérez, Frédéric. "Travail de l'archai͏̈que et processus graphiques : le fractal comme moyen d'émergence du chaos dans un "groupe psychotique" : son repérage dans les processus graphiques : ou un outil méthodologique pour une survie psychique." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/perez_f.
Full textIn a therapeutic approach with defective persons (autistics, psychotics) there is a risk for the therapeutist to loose his marks when his work on bonds is attacked. Only few thought and theorized studies are available. To fill up with this lack, this study will initially reconsider various metapsychological notions about archaic and deficit. In this research, graphic lines are considered as much as an investigation object as a methodological tool. Thus, all the tools choosen (group, graphic lines) will be studied from their base, and from their psychic and physical points of intersection. The assumption suggested here will aim at deepening thoughtfully our methodological tools, to enquire their effectiveness in the paintings / drawings device we will submit to an archaic group. The graphic lines notion will be studied as the smallest common factors in the intra and inter subjective organisation. Graphic lines, as well as physical lines, are created from a group environment. All the data are not part of the euclidien physical environment. On a methodological point of view, there will be two studies : a longitudinal study of the link between graphism and intersubjectivity (for all our clinical cases) and a work based on the analysis of paintings dealing also with archaic questions and the analysis of the bases of dreams. We will define notions of archaic group, primary intersubjectivity, inertia-carrier and figuration-carrier. Lastly, we will enquire about the therapeutic approach using notions such as psychic attractors in a fractalisationʺ process
Grolleau, Adeline. "Usage de médicaments à visée psychotrope en population générale : caractéristiques et adéquation avec le(s) diagnostic(s) psychiatrique(s)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21752/document.
Full textThe aims of this work were to assess the lifetime prevalence of psychotropic drug use and the characteristics associated with use, particularly the congruence with psychiatric diagnoses. The studies were performed using the database from the survey Mental Health in the General Population including 36 785 persons representative of the French general population. One out of three subjects reported a lifetime use of psychotropic treatment. The non-congruence between diagnosis and psychotropic drug was observed in the pattern “use without psychiatric disorders” as well as in the pattern “no use with psychiatric disorders”. So, only one out of three persons with recurrent major depressive disorder reported having used an antidepressant or a mood stabilizer. Regarding complementary and alternative medicine use, only 1,3% of persons reported use of homeopathic treatment for psychiatric symptoms. These treatments were mainly used by persons with anxiety symptoms in association with conventional psychotropic drugs. Further studies assessing the all the treatments used for psychiatric symptoms would allow to refine the results on the congruence between diagnosis and psychotropic drug and to estimate the number of persons avoiding use of conventional psychotropic drugs by using complementary and alternative medicine
Vandevelde, Pouliquen Béatrice Anne Sabine. "L’improvisation dramatique, étude clinique et psychanalytique d’ateliers théâtre en structures de soin." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20027/document.
Full textDuring the 21st century, a clinical psychologist decides to offer to her patients a theatre stage as an exhibition space for their unconscious. She notes a paradox : drama, which has to do with madness, would have therapeutic properties.Thus can be synthesized the plot of this three-act PhD thesis, whose main characters are patients, mostly psychotic ones needing to undergo psychotherapy, and an insane artist, also great man of the Theatre: Antonin Artaud.Through presenting role-plays as raw expression of the unconscious, this thesis shows how its author’s thinking unfolds. It first draws on the genesis of a singular mediation: theatrical improvisation. Then, inspired by A. Artaud’s emblematic case and through psychoanalysis, it explores the mechanisms involved during theatrical workshops and their effects on the patients who became actors. Lastly, by following the path of the borromean node, it concludes that theatrical improvisation, which is deeply inscribed in the Real, which summons the Imaginary and introduces the Symbolic, emerges as a sinthomatic activity
Quillay, Angélique. "A reverse Image : la culture visuelle du Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane sous la direction de Thomas Kirkbride (1840-1883)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC244.
Full textThe Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane was built in the late 1830's in the countryside near Philadelphia. It was directed from 1840 to1883 by Thomas Kirkbride, who made ita pioneer in the humane treatment of the mentally ill. This thesis connects thetherapeutic work of Dr. Kirkbride to the rich artistic and photographic traditions of Philadelphia by examining the visual culture of the institution, with special attention to the systematic use of magic lantern shows. Frederick and William Langenheim,innovators in the negative-positive process in the United States, are especially important to this history. By focusing on a painting that was commissioned from Benjamin West, the first part opens the thesis in the heart of Philadelphia, at the Pennsylvania Hospital,and explores the background period leading up to the use of images at the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. The second part details various aspects of the "reverse image"presented by the new hospital in the country and focuses on the cultural projectdeveloped during the period from 1841 to 1859. The third part looks closely at the development of outdoor spaces for the use of the patients. The collection of magic lantern slides, like a window open to the outside, is at the heart of this section. This collection of objects is exceptional due to its large scale, to the variety of techniques used in making the glass slides, and to the long period of its creation. It also bears witness to the innovative cultural practices which it records