Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies parasitaires'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 23 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Maladies parasitaires.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Dumaine, Pierre. "Les maladies parasitaires en inde." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20057.
Full textZewail, Reem. "Épidémiologie des maladies parasitaires chez les immigrants au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5482.
Full textRoudier-Daval, Charlotte. "Les SIG appliqués à la santé : l'exemple des maladies parasitaires à Mbandjock (Cameroun)." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100141.
Full textGIS applications on health have emerged in the 90' and are nowadays in full expansion. Health events can be located and their spatial organisation detected thanks to GIS technologies. Their recent use brings major interests but isn't urithout limits nor constraints. Exemple of GIS conception in order to study parasitic diseases in Mbandjock town has given us the possibility to illustrate in practical terras, interests and limits of such an application. Mbandjock is a small town of centre of Cameroon. It's urban growth is the consequence of a sugar agro-industrial complex implantation in the 60'. The urban residential areas disparities of parasitic situations, Chat use of GIS helps to provide ficrther informations and explanations. Spatial analysis of data pives to geographers, as well as to health professionals, a new approach of health events which are analysed in their geographical context
Dupont, Aurélie Ducos de Lahitte Jacques. "Inventaire des diagnostics des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires des canidés sauvages application au transport et à la quarantaine /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/3027/1/hartmann_3027.pdf.
Full textHassan, Ali. "Etude de l'impact des infections parasitaires et virales sur les maladies inflammatoires médiées par les lymphocytes T." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30158.
Full textSome microorganisms are able to modulate the immune system of their host, which can influence the development and progression of inflammatory diseases positively or negatively. Co-infection with concurrent species or a simple infection with certain strains of Plasmodium, the malaria agent, can alter the clinical course of malaria as well as autoimmune reactions, but in both cases the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this project, we studied the impact of certain strains of Plasmodium on the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which are respectively an infectious and autoimmune inflammatory disease mediated by T lymphocytes. We showed that some rodent strains of malaria protect against ECM and EAE. Then, we found that the protective effect is independent from the parasite and is entirely due to an RNA virus, the lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV), co-hosted in Plasmodium-parasitized blood. The protection was correlated with an early immune response typical of type I IFN signature. Our functional analyzes indicated that the protection against ECM is due to a decrease in the pathogenic responses of Th1 CD4+ cells, resulting from an IFN-I-dependent reduction in the abundance of conventional splenic dendritic cells and in the production of IL-12p70. In addition, we established that LDV protects against EAE by attenuating the differentiation of IFN-ƴ, IL-17 and GM-CSF-producing encephalitogenic T cells. Our study identified an immunomodulatory virus co-hosted in several Plasmodium stocks, which will have an impact on the mouse malaria community. In addition, this study sheds new light on the mechanisms of protection against inflammatory diseases by infectious agents, which could be useful in the implementation of new therapeutic strategies against malaria complications and autoimmunity
Camu, Karine. "Principales affections parasitaires et mycosiques des chiens et chats transmissibles à l'homme : conseil en officine." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P038.
Full textOrth-Weyers, Véronique. "La mammomonogamose dans le monde et en Martinique." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN1M188.
Full textArgy, Nicolas. "Analyse des facteurs d’hôte et facteurs parasitaires dans le paludisme grave d’importation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB093/document.
Full textMalaria is a worldwide parasitic infection especially in tropical area where Plasmodium falciparum infection is responsible for hundreds of thousands annually mainly among children under five years old. Malaria is also a problem in France by the importation of malaria cases in travelers coming from endemic area. The Plasmodium falciparum infection in this population, considered at risk of developping severe malaria, can present different clinical forms more or less associated with mortality.While some risk factors for severity like age and immunity have been identified, this complex host-parasite interactions have been widely studied in children in endemic areas and few data are available for imported malaria. The aim of the thesis work is based on analysis of host factors and parasite factors in imported malaria.Through the monitoring network of the French National reference center of malaria, all the demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory of imported malaria cases, notified between 2011 and 2015, were collected and also samples of the parasitological diagnosis. After diagnostic expertise, the plasma obtained after centrifugation was used for determinations of antimalarial drugs, for quantification of plasmatic HRP2 and for serological tests. RNA extracted by the Trizol® from red cells pellets was used to study the expression of var genes and domain cassettes by qRT-PCR. The pellet of parasitized red blood cells were cultured for maturation of parasitic forms for the study of phenotype cytoadherence on soluble receptor CD36, ICAM-1 and EPCR and for the study of the rosetting phenomenon. All of these studies was conducted in an imported malaria context,in a population of patients composed by first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and travelers / expatriates and whose clinical presentation of imported malaria was classified into very severe (VSM), mild severe (MSM) and uncomplicated malaria (UM).All the epidemiological, clinical and biological data collected during the study identified the high age, ethnicity, depth of thrombocytopenia and no history of malaria as factors risk associated with the occurrence of very severe malaria, clinical entity characterized by high sequestered parasite biomass. The effect of pre-exposure to the parasite, reflected by the serological status of patients, seems to be the cause of the clinical presentation of the disease in particular by limiting parasite biomass sequestered during malaria. The study of the expression of var genes and domain cassettes performed in this population, according to clinical presentation, ethnicity and the serological status of patients, revealed an overexpression of the group of var genes A and B and protein patterns of the domain cassette DC4, DC8 and DC13 in mild severe and very severe malaria within this heterogeneous patient population. The study of cytoadherence phenotype and rosetting, made in another group of patients in imported malaria context, identified the rosetting as adhesion phenotype causing very severe malaria. The expression profile of var genes and domain cassettes corresponding to this population confirmed earlier observations and correlates rosetting phenotype to the expression of DBLß3 and DBLa2 of DC4 and DC8 (...)
Carret, Céline. "Babesia canis : caractérisation d'antigènes parasitaires solublespotentiellement impliqués dans l'immunoprotection induite chez le chien et analyse moléculaire du polymorphisme génétique des sous-espèces." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13507.
Full textLefevre, Thierry. "Manipulation parasitaire et maladies vectorielles." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20091.
Full textParasites are a very common life form on earth and drive many ecological and evolutionary processes. Hosts and parasites are locked in a continual coevolutionary race, which generates antagonistic selection. While parasites evolve to optimise the exploitation of their host and between-host transmission, hosts evolve to minimize the parasite-induced fitness losses. In the context of transmission, parasites have evolved adaptive strategies that maximise their probability of host to host transfer. Some parasites are indeed able to substantially alter the physiology, morphology or behaviour of their host in a way that increases their probability of transmission, a phenomenon named parasitic manipulation. Despite an increasing attention devoted to the investigation of this parasite strategy of transmission, many hurdles remain to be overcome. The goal of this dissertation was to (i) increase our fundamental knowledge concerning parasitic manipulation by using vector-borne parasites as study systems and (ii) merging the field of parasitic manipulation and its evolutionary ecology approach with those of medicine, epidemiology, and medical entomology. Our works generated considerable fundamental knowledge on the evolution, proximate mechanisms and multidimensionnality (when more than one host phenotypic traits are altered) of parasitic manipulation. In addition, we brought crucial information concerning feeding behaviour in Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in sub-Saharian Africa
Arnaud, Violaine. "Analyse immunologique et génétique des facteurs contrôlant le développement de la fibrose causée par le Schistosoma Japonicum au sein d'une population de pêcheurs du lac Dong Ting(Chine)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20709.
Full textCudejko, Céline. "Rôle du suppresseur de tumeur p16INK4a dans l'activation des macrophages primaires murins et humains : implication dans le développement de maladies inflammatoires chroniques telles que l’infection parasitaire, l’athérosclérose et l’obésité." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S039.
Full textThe CDKN2A/B locus, which contains the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a, is associated with an increased risk of age-related inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in which macrophages play a crucial role. Activation state and functions of macrophages are profoundly affected by environmental cytokines and microbial products. Indeed, Th1 cytokines, such as interferon gamma, and lipopolysaccharide induce a classical activation phenotype whereas Th2 cytokines, such as inteleukins 4 and 13, induce an alternative activation phenotype. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of these phenotypes are not well defined. In this study, we show that p16INK4a-deficiency (p16-/-) skews murine macrophages towards an alternative activation in vitro. The influence of p16INK4a-deficiency on macrophage activation in vivo was investigated using bone marrow transplantation, first in a parasite infectious model in which the role of alternatively activated macrophages is well characterized, then during atherosclerosis development, in which the role of alternatively activated macrophages is undefined. While mice transplanted with p16-/- bone marrow displayed higher hepatic marker expression levels of alternative activation upon parasite infection, no effect was observed on atherosclerosis development in our experimental conditions. Finally, confirming the data obtained in p16-/- macrophages, silencing of p16INK4a with siRNA in human blood-monocyte-derived macrophages also resulted in the induction of alternative activation. In addition, analysis of human adipose tissue macrophages from obese patients, which are typically alternatively activated, showed that p16ink4a expression levels were lower in ATM than in monocyte-derived macrophages of the same subjects. These findings identify a novel role for the tumor suppressor p16INK4a as modulator of murine and human macrophage activation. Keywords: CDKI-alternative activation-inflammation-parasite infectious-atherosclerosis-obesity
Bessay, Muriel. "Les coccidioses aviaires : contributions à l'étude du développement de la réponse immune, conséquences pour une stratégie vaccinale." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR3801.
Full textFinizio, Anne-Laure. "Analyse du rôle des antigènes parasitaires solubles de Babesia canis dans la pathogénèse de la piroplasmose canine et caractérisation moléculaire de l’antigène Bc28.2 codé par la famille multigénique Bc28." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13516.
Full textBabesia canis is an apicomplexan haemoparasite transmitted by tick bite and responsible of canine babesiosis in Europe. Understanding host/parasite relationships during the erythrocytic cycle is crucial for further development of a recombinant vaccine. In that way, the role of soluble parasite antigens (SPA) in the onset of clinical signs and the role of Bc28.2 antigen (encoded by the B. canis Bc28 multigene family) in host evading process were investigated.B. canis-derived SPA induce a protective anti-disease immunity in vaccinated dogs but their precise role during the pathogenesis remains unknown. In contrast to B. bovis, our analysis disproved the hypothesis that B. canis SPA could act on the plasma kallikrein-kinin system. However they strongly suggest, for the first time in the genus Babesia, a direct role of these SPA in the onset of the inflammatory response which is early observed during pathogenesis. Because of their essential function in the parasite survival, antigens located on the surface of infected erythrocyte (role in agglutination of erythrocytes) or on the surface of merozoites (role in the invasion) are good vaccine candidates.However, and probably for host evading, they are encoded by multigene families. In B. canis, the Bc28 multigene family contains the Bc28.1 gene that encodes for a GPI-anchored antigen previously characterized on the merozoite surface. We demonstrated here, that another gene designated Bc28.2, is multicopy and composed of two overlapping open reading frames (Orf1 and Orf2). It allows, though +1 programmed ribosomal frameshift, expression of polymorphic antigens of 28 kDa and 50 kDa. Unexpectedly, these proteins seem localized on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes, suggesting they play a crucial function in evading host through agglutination process of infected erythrocytes
Dimi, Jean-Luc Sallet Gauthier. "Analyse de modèles épidémiologiques applications à des modèles parasitaires, à la fièvre hémorragique Ebola /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2006/Dimi.Jean_Luc.SMZ0602.pdf.
Full textSubileau, Corinne. "Systématique et biologie du complexe parasitaire constitué du Phyllachora torrendiella (Bat. ) nov. Comb. Et du Botryosphaeria cocogena nov. Sp. , agents fongiques du dessèchement foliaire du cocotier au Brésil." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066645.
Full textPomares, Christelle. "Epidémiologie et formes cliniques atypiques de la leishmaniose à Leishmania infantum. : Apport du génotypage parasitaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5055/document.
Full textLeishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease transmitted from mammal to mammal through the bite of an insect vector the sandfly female. Beside the classical triad of visceral leishmaniasis symptoms: fever, pallor and splenomegaly, many clinical forms could be associated with this parasite infection. Asymptomatic carriage of L. infantum is the most common and the most widespread in the Old World and New World. Many other clinical forms are present and some subjects will develop only isolated lymphadenopathy. These forms are intermediate between pauci symptomatic and visceral leishmaniasis forms. Whereas L. infantum is not typically associated with mucosal forms, several cases have been described. Indeed, in the 3 academic hospitals of Marseille, Montpellier and Nice from 1997 to 2009, 10 cases were revealed mainly in immunocompromised patients. To understand the role of parasite in clinical expression, nine strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers were genotyped using microsatellite. The nine strains have few polymorphisms and seven of them are identical with a unique genotype. In addition, those strains are very different from strains of HIV-positive subjects. If the strains genetic appears to have a role in the clinical expression of the disease, the environment in which individuals live in endemic areas is associated with an excess of risk to develop visceral leishmaniasis. While in Marseille, cases of visceral leishmaniasis occur in an urban environment, they take place in Nice in a rural environment, as it is classically described. To investigate differences between parasite strains form Nice and Marseille studies with microsatellites are ongoing
Flores, Ferrer Alheli. "Modélisation mathématique des dynamiques hôtes-parasites ; de l’écologie parasitaire à l’écologie du génome." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0010/document.
Full textThis document is dedicated to the dynamic modeling of host-parasite interactions. It is about two distant biological models, who are studied using standard epidemiological models built from dynamic compartmental models. The first contribution is the implementation of a 'micro-parasites' model to study the transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of American trypanosomiasis (or 'Chagas' disease), within a host community of synanthropic and domestic animals. The analysis of the mathematical model shows for the first time in this biological system a dilution effect associated with avian hosts, as well as the possibility of reducing the transmission to humans by modifying the composition of the domestic host communities. The second contribution deals with the dynamics of the "genomic parasites" that are the transposable elements. Using the analogies between genomics and ecology concepts proposed by the "Genome Ecology" approach, it was possible to adapt models developed for 'macro-parasites' to the dynamics of transposable elements of class 1, retro-transposons. The analysis of these models makes it possible toformulate hypotheses on the relative importance of the host demography, the distribution of the number of copies between individuals and the molecular mechanisms of silencing of these elements, on their persistence within the population of hosts reproducing asexually
Bendjeddou, Lyamin. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de kinases : identification d‘inhibiteurs de kinases parasitaires." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P615.
Full textPhosphorylation by protein kinases is one of the most important post-translational modification in cellular processes such as division, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Kinase deregulation is associated with numerous diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine were prepared to inhibit protein kinases involved in diseases targeted in the laboratory. The imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines were synthesized to identify inhibitors of CLK1 and DYRK1A, potential targets in Alzheimer's disease. Among the imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines synthesized, several molecules were found selective of DYRKs and CLKs, with IC50 < 100 nM. A structure-activity relationship based on the synthesis of 70 molecules, led to the identification of the structural bases of the selectivity. Products were also evaluated against parasite kinases. It was possible to identify some highly potent inhibitors on PfCLK1. The aim of second part of this thesis was to optimize the synthetic process to obtain imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines, which are close analogues of roscovitine. Derivatives had proved capable of inhibiting the formation of cysts in a cellular model of polycystic kidney disease. A seven-step synthesis has led to several grams of 3,5,7-trisubstituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is now available for evaluation in vivo
Guislain, Marie-Hélène. "Étude à différentes fenêtres de perception, des facteurs impliqués dans la transmission d'Echinococcus multilocularis, parasite responsable d'une maladie émergente : l'échinococcose alvéolaire." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340022.
Full textRené, Magalie. "Étude du rôle vecteur de Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. dans la transmission des babésioses canines en France : prévalence parasitaire, diversité génétique des vecteurs et épidémiologie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10044/document.
Full textStudy on Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks and their potential role in the transmission of canine babesiosis in France: prevalence of parasite infections, vector genetic diversity and epidemiology. Canine babesiosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by protozoa of the genera Babesia and Theileria transmitted by ticks including Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Although R. sanguineus is a major tick species in southern France, its role in the transmission of the disease in this area remain unknown. Moreover, the taxonomic status of R. sanguineus is controversial and needs to be clarified. The aims of this work were to characterize (i) the ticks R. sanguineus s.l. that parasitize dogs in different areas of southern France, (ii) the Babesia/Theileria species potentially transmitted by these ticks in this area and (iii) the impact of genetic variations and/or co-infections on vector competence. A total of 140 dog bloods and 588 R. sanguineus s.l. were collected from 2010 to 2012 from which all dogs bloods and 242 ticks were screened using specific PCR, PCRRFLP and sequencing. B. vogeli and B. canis DNA were evidenced in 13.6% and 12.9% of dogs and in 10.7% and 1.7% of R. sanguineus ticks respectively with sometimes significant prevalence differences between areas. A single case of T. annae infection was detected in a dog. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyzes performed at a global scale on 12S and 16S mt-rDNA for ticks and 18S rDNA for B. vogeli confirmed the affiliation of R. sanguineus from France with “temperate” species and suggested the existence of a coevolution process between the pathogen and its vector. This work provides new information on the epidemiology of canine babesiosis in France and supports the existence of at least two populations in the R. sanguineus group in the world with possible different vector competences
Baraquin, Alice. "Échinococcose alvéolaire : viabilité parasitaire et évaluation de nouveaux biomarqueurs pour le diagnostic et le suivi des patients." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE002/document.
Full textThe parasite Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a fatal infection if not adequately managed. Medical treatment, for inoperable patients, is only parasitostatic, with many side effects. Nevertheless, in some patients, the viability of the parasite could regress sufficiently for treatment to be stopped. Currently, biomarkers for estimating parasite viability are only indirect, evaluating the immune response of the patient. Three studies were conducted to evaluate biomarkers that are innovative or already available on the market.We investigated the presence of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) at diagnosis, and after a few months of treatment. For the first time, our study identified the presence of ccfDNA in cases of AE, in an animal model and in human samples. Although the method cannot yet be used for diagnosis or follow-up, it is a starting-point for the use of ccfDNA in the management of AE.In addition, we conducted an exploratory study of parasitic lesions in mice, and in a patient who had only received medical treatment for a very short time. We analyzed DNA to estimate the proportion of parasite cells present in each sample. We then quantified different parasite transcripts from each sample, in order to directly estimate parasite viability. This approach allowed us to identify the most abundantly transcribed gene, which could potentially be used to study a larger cohort, in order to correlate results with the indirect biomarkers used today.Finally, we evaluated a rapid diagnostic test for cystic echinococcosis, which produces strong cross-reactions in the case of AE infection.This work opens new perspectives, mainly to improve the follow-up of patients with AE
Plourde, Karine. "L'utilisation de la mutagénèse insertionnelle afin d'identifier des gènes procurant un avantage parasitaire au champignon "Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi", agent de la maladie hollandaise de l'orme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27399/27399.pdf.
Full text