Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies rénales'
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Fakhouri, Fadi. "Compléments et maladies rénales." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066126.
Full textChauveau, Dominique. "Maladies kystiques rénales héréditaires : du phénotype au génotype." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N090.
Full textWe report the spectrum of mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes detected by DHPLC in families with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In addition, we demonstrate that in PKD1 families, the risk of harbouring cerebral aneurysm and hence to exhibit a vascular phenotype is higher in families with mutation located at the 5' end of the gene. We also summarise liver complications related to ADPKD and specific treatment. In von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease with renal involvement, we demonstrate how conservative treatment of renal cell carcinomas may apply, and we vattempt to identify molecular risk factors for the renal phenotype. Altogether, these data demonstrate two levels of genetic heterogeneity (1) non-allelic heterogeneity
Meffray, Emmanuelle. "Facteurs anti-angiogéniques et maladies rénales." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=906b4446-caad-4b87-9b9e-69ad6e732e63.
Full textSoluble Flt1 is an anti-angiogenic factor, secreted by endothelial cells, monocytes and placenta, which impairs the effects of VEGF on endothelium survival and repair. It results from an alternative splicing of VEGFR1 transcript and from cleavage of the membrane-bound form of VEGFR1, and is involved in several renal diseases. Notably, it is involved in chronic diseases: it contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease, and is a marker of cardiovascular risks. Our team also demonstrated a correlation between sFlt1 and delayed graft function on the one side and renal vascular injuries in acute ANCA-associated vasculitis on the other side. In this context, this study aimed to assess the impact of dialysis, the long-term treatment of end-stage renal disease, on sFlt1 secretion, and on the mechanisms responsible for this secretion. We also intented to clarify the causes of renal injuries in systemic dysfunctions such as vasculitides. We enlightened a fast and large increase in sFlt1 secretion during dialysis, and we clarified the influence of dialysis methods and heparin use. Then, in vitro studies allowed us to dismiss several hypothesis of the processes at work in this increase. In conclusion, this study gives an insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the angiogenic balance involved in renal diseases
Canaud, Guillaume. "Progression des maladies rénales chroniques : Rôle de la voie AKT/mTORC." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922992.
Full textRoger, Elena. "Rôle de la Connexine 43 dans les maladies rénales tubulaires expérimentales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS202.pdf.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although significant progress has been made, there is no specific treatment shown to arrest the progression of the disease. Therefore, the discovery of novel therapeutic targets is of crucial importance for an efficient treatment. Our main objective was to define the role of Connexin 43 (Cx43), a constitutive gap junction protein of, in the functional and structural adaptation of the kidney in response to chronic tubulointerstitial injury, using new genetic models of transgenic mice with temporal and tissue-specific control of this Cx expression. Our hypothesis, which is strongly supported by our previous studies, is that Cx43 can be abnormally expressed after aggression in adult tissue, leading to phenotypic changes that enable the aggressed tissue to adapt to the new pathological environment. We demonstrated that increased expression of Cx43 in renal tubules correlates positively with renal inflammation in two models of experimental renal tubular disease, by promoting the release of ATP into the extra-cellular environment and activation of the inflammasome. In addition, activation of the Hippo pathway, and more specifically Cx43-mediated nuclear translocation of YAP, is involved in tubulointerstitial fibrosis via activation of target genes. Specific inhibition of Cx43 in tubular cells had beneficial effects on the progression of renal tubulopathy, improving renal function and structure while limiting inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in these two processes involving Cx43, has enriched our understanding of renal pathophysiology, confirming this protein as a new therapeutic target against the progression of CKD
Tabibzadeh, Nathalie. "Le rein profond dans la physiopathologie des lésions rénales : rôle des structures médullaires, des capillaires péritubulaires et de l'urothélium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS604.
Full textLe rein profond correspond aux structures médullaires, vasculaires post-glomérulaires, et à l’urothélium intrarénal. Cette définition regroupe des acteurs de la physiologie rénale dont l’étude est parfois difficile du fait de leur localisation. La fonction de concentration en particulier se rattache directement à ces structures profondes. L’objet de l’étude est donc une approche physiopathologique des altérations du rein profond, qu’elles soient à l’origine de la pathologie rénale, ou qu’elles en soient le reflet. La première partie du travail repose sur des données épidémiologiques de patients atteints d’une maladie rénale chronique et montre que la diminution de l’osmolalité urinaire à jeun est prédictive d’une dégradation du débit de filtration glomérulaire et d’une insuffisance rénale terminale chez ces patients. La deuxième étude porte sur le rôle des capillaires péritubulaires d’une part dans l’hémodynamique rénale, d’autre part dans l’apparition des lésions tubulaires. Dans un modèle d’hypertension artérielle, le rôle des capillaires péritubulaires dans la toxicité rénale de l’hème y est précisé. Enfin, la troisième partie concerne la structure la plus profonde du rein, l’urothélium intrarénal. Des données de la littérature laissant entrevoir son rôle potentiel dans les fonctions rénales, un modèle murin transgénique d’ablation conditionnelle de l’urothélium a été mis au point. L’osmolalité urinaire était diminuée et l’urée et la créatininémie étaient augmentées après ablation des cellules urothéliales. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle de l’urothélium intrarénal dans la fonction de concentration des urines ; son rôle en physiopathologie doit encore être précisé
Larrue, Romain. "Déterminants moléculaires et cellulaires des maladies rénales chroniques et de leurs complications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS026.
Full textChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined, regardless of its primary cause, by the presence, for more than 3 months, of markers of kidney damage or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 m². CKD is associated with an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease as well as decreased patient survival. Therapeutic options remain limited and rely primarily on dialysis and renal transplantation.This thesis project aims at identifying novel molecular and cellular determinants associated with CKD and its complications based on different clinical entities. On the one hand, the search for genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of certain hereditary nephropathies such as nephronophthisis or Alport syndrome has been addressed using innovative analytical techniques such as high-throughput sequencing. On the other hand, the involvement of a particular microRNA, miR-21, was evaluated in a mouse model of secondary nephropathy where kidney damage is induced by exposure to an anticancer agent, cisplatin. Our results allowed the identification of new genetic variants playing a causal role in Alport syndrome and nephronophthisis using an analytical strategy enabling complete genome sequencing. Furthermore, our data also suggest that miR-21 has a nephroprotective role and that its pharmacological modulation may prevent the occurrence of chronic renal failure in patients receiving chemotherapy including platinum derivatives. Overall, the results obtained in this work provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease and could lead to new therapeutic options in the more or less long term
Kormann, Raphaël. "Les rôles tubulaires et macrophagiques de la périostine dans les maladies rénales aigues." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS585.
Full textIschemic acute tubular necrosis is the most common cause of acute kidney injury. The long-term risk is chronic renal failure. The development of treatments requires knowledges regarding the mechanisms of repair. Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein associated with fibrosis in models of cystic, glomerular, tubular or vascular nephropathy. In contrast to these roles, the aim of this thesis was to determine whether periostin could be an actor of renal repair in acute renal disease. In the ischemia reperfusion model, we demonstrated that periostin is produced DE NOVO by renal tubules to play an autocrine role and paracrine on the macrophage to protect the renal parenchyma. Periostin interacts with the β1 integrin on tubular cells to activate the PI3K /AKT pathway, reduce the expression of p53 and Bax and tubular apoptosis and the early loss of nephrons, and decrease p21 and cell cycle arrest, allowing early tubular proliferation. It promotes macrophage inflammatory infiltrate, via monocytes infiltration, and/or local proliferation. It causes a pro-repairing or anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages, depending on whether it is secreted after or before ischemia. By these autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, periostin inhibits renal fibrosis and chronic kidney failure after ischemia/reperfusion. In the model of cisplatin nephropathy, periostin limits tubular apoptosis, via similar mechanisms. Our results also suggest that periostin activates lipid catabolism in these two models of acute nephropathy. In total, periostin protects the parenchyma in acute kidney disease by several distinct mechanisms
Moreau, Éric. "Les manifestations rénales de la drépanocytose hétérozygote : à propos de neuf observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M192.
Full textZaidan, Mohamad. "Mécanismes d'adaptation et de progression des maladies rénales chroniques : identification de nouvelles voies moléculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB253.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD), irrespectively of the underlying cause, usually leads to nephron reduction, which is defined by a decrease in the number of the renal functional units. This is first characterized by a compensatory growth of the remaining nephrons, which in some circumstances, may result in the progressive deterioration of the initially healthy nephrons. The study of subtotal nephrectomy (Nx), a murine model of nephron reduction, has outlined the role of genetic factors in the susceptibility of developing CKD after nephron reduction. In particular, FVB/N mice (FVB) develop early and severe CKD after Nx, contrary to C57Bl/6 (B6) mice that are characterized by a preserved renal parenchyma. My work aimed at identifying new molecular pathways involved in the adaptation and progression processes in response to nephron reduction. The project was articulated around two main axes: - a "global" approach with the temporal and differential analysis of the renal transcriptome of "sensitive" (FVB) and "resistant" strains (B6) after Nx ; - a "candidate" approach centered on the study of the role of YAP/TAZ during nephron reduction. In the first work, the analysis of the renal transcriptomic expression profile of "resistant" and "sensitive" mice allowed to identify a type I interferon (IFN) signature only in the FVB mice during the renal compensation phase. This signature was correlated with a more important expression of markers of : (i) plasmacytoid dendritic cells, known for their ability to rapidly produce large amount of type I IFN; and (ii) necroptosis, an immunogenic cell death associated with the release of "danger" signals by the damaged cells that may induce activation of the immune cells. We have also established a parallelism between this IFN signature and alterations of tubular cells proliferation. Indeed, 2 days after Nx, we observed an activation of p21 in the tubular cells associated with a likely G1/S blockade of proliferating cells. Our results suggest that this cell cycle arrest affects the proliferation rate of tubular cells and underlies a trend for renal hypertrophy in FVB mice during the renal compensation phase. This first work pointed to a potential link between cellular and molecular processes occurring early after Nx, during the compensation phase, and the subsequent progression towards CKD in FVB mice. In a second work investigating the temporal and differential expression of YAP in the Nx model in FVB and B6 mice, we showed that the nuclear expression of YAP in podocytes was maintained and even increased in the “resistant” mice, and decreased significantly in "sensitive" mice with a correlation between this expression and the severity of glomerular lesions. The specific knockdown of YAP, or of its paralogous TAZ, in the podocytes of initially "resistant" mice allowed to better determine their respective role in the adaptation of these cells to nephron reduction. YAP podocyte-specific inactivation is associated with: (i) the development of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions; (ii) an increase of glomerular apoptosis; (iii) an alteration of the architecture of podocytes cytoskeleton; and (iv) podocyte rarefaction responsible for albuminuria and deterioration of renal function. Surprisingly, TAZ podocyte-specific inactivation was not associated with glomerular lesions. Contrary to TAZ, YAP plays a crucial role in podocyte adaptation to nephron reduction
Leboulleux, Marianne. "Etude de chaînes légères d'immunoglobulines monoclonales responsables de tubulopathies rénales." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2354.
Full textBienaimé, Frank. "Bases moléculaires de la progression des maladies rénales chroniques : rôle de la voie AKT et de STAT3." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066228.
Full textBellière, Julie. "Inflammation associée à l'agression rénale aiguë : contribution de la polarisation macrophagique, visualisation de VCAM-1 en imagerie moléculaire." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2505/.
Full textRhabdomyolysis is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The toxic effect of myoglobin was thought to be the main factor involved in this disease. Since macrophages (MØ) have been suspected to populate the kidney after rhabdomyolysis, we set out to investigate their role and polarization status, whereby MØ are classified as either M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (wound-healing). Diverse renal MØ phenotypes were observed in a mouse model: two days after rhabdomyolysis, R1 (F4/80loCD11bhi) were dominant. By day 8, R2 (F4/80hiCD11b+) became dominant. Liposomal clodronate (CL)-mediated MØ depletion indicated that the early infiltration of R1 was deleterious. Transcriptionally regulated targets, such as chemokines and extra-cellular matrix components were identified and verified to be expressed in a MØ-dependent manner. Via single-cell analysis R1 and R2 were shown to express both M1 and M2 markers. Inflammatory processes seemed to be directly favoured by myoglobin since it induced in vitro tubular cells to secrete chemokines and MØ to change their polarization status. Early CL-mediated MØ depletion improved kidney repair and mouse survival. Seven months after rhabdomyolysis, the fibrotic lesions were significantly reduced in the CL-treated group, suggesting that early MØ depletion limits long-term injuries. We also performed a study to assess the interest of detecting endothelial inflammation during AKI via enhanced molecular imaging targeting VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). This non-invasive technology appears to be a relevant approach
Béroud, Christophe. "Recherche de déséquilibres alléliques sur le chromosome 14 dans le carcinome à cellules rénales." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P171.
Full textAlbano, Laetitia. "Le microchimérisme foetal chez la femme urémique avant et après transplantation rénale." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4041.
Full textFetal microchimerism (Mc) is the presence of a small amount of fetal cells or DNA in the mother’s circulation. This is a common sequel of pregnancy in any gravid woman and can persist decades after delivery. First part : Better prognosis in women with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) compared to men, triggered us to analyze the potential “protective” role of microchimerism acquired after pregnancy in women before kidney transplantation. We studied the prevalence of male DNA in PBMC, by quantitative PCR method, in 55 women with ESRD prior to their first kidney transplantation and 82 healthy women as controls. Male Mc was also quantified in 5 native kidney biopsies obtained prior to blood testing and in PBMC from 8 women collected after female kidney transplantation. Women with ESRD showed statistically higher frequencies (72%) and quantities (98 genome equivalent per million, gEq/M) of male Mc in their PBMC than healthy women (27% and 0. 3 gEq/M, p<0. 0005). Moreover, 3 out of 5 renal biopsies contained Mc in small quantities. Finally, few years after kidney transplantation, Mc was totally cleared from PBMC in all women tested but one. As a possible scenario, fetal cells might be recruited and proliferate in women with ESRD under inflammatory factors and then play a role in tissue repair, explaining in part the better prognosis of women in disease progression. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of recruitment and persistence of Mc in ESRD women. Second part: Microchimerism (male), Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) antibodies (Ab), and major-histocompatibility-complex class I-related chain A (MICA) Ab in peripheral blood may occur after pregnancy and/or transfusion and/or allotransplantation. We questioned about a potential relationship between these three phenomena. We enrolled 46 women, selected in accordance to anti-HLA immunization, previously pregnant and/or transfused and wait-listed for a first kidney graft. Pretransplant HLA-Ab were present in 24/46 (52%) and anti-MICA Ab in 6/46 (13%). Microchimerism was detected by the presence of Y chromosome DNA using a specific nested-PCR SRY and a quantitative PCR DYS14 method. We have not found a significant association between male microchimerism and HLA-Ab positivity but the level of Mc seems to influence the range of PRA class I and II and MICA Ab production. Microchimerism and HLA-Ab production are two co-existing phenomena and not exclusive in women with end-stage renal failure awaiting a first kidney transplantation. More specific techniques shoud be used to determine the target specificity of both mechanisms and to be able to answer an unresolved important question: could the specific epitope(s) be identical?
Eckart, Philippe. "Néphropathie tubulo-interstitielle et maladie de Crohn : à propos de deux observations pédiatriques." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3081.
Full textGayrard, Nathalie. "Anomalies chromosomiques des tumeurs rénales : étude du bras court du chromosome 3." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T017.
Full textBaudry, Guillaume. "Congestion et interactions cardio-rénales en insuffisance cardiaque avancée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0050.
Full textThe heart and kidneys are two organs that constantly interact to maintain homeostasis within the cardiovascular system. The "cardio-renal syndrome" schematically describes all the interactions and pathophysiological changes between these two organs following injury to one or both of them. Congestion, a cornerstone of heart failure (HF), exacerbated by renal dysfunction, can lead to worsening progressive functional impairment of both organs. Advanced heart failure, the end-stage form of HF, is characterized by repeated episodes of congestion and low output, often accompanied by worsening renal function and resistance to medical treatments. The aim of this study was to determine, in patients with advanced HF listed for heart transplantation, the association between congestion assessed by different biomarkers and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at listing and 6 months after transplantation, as well as cardiac and renal events during the waiting period for transplantation.We studied patients listed for heart transplantation from two different cohorts: those listed at Hospices Civils de Lyon between 2014 and 2019, and the cohort of patients listed nationally between 2013 and 2019. These patients had the particularity of having invasive measurements of pulmonary pressures and cardiac index, allowing for precise evaluation of congestion and perfusion.Four studies were conducted using these populations. The first aimed to assess the relationship between hemodynamic congestion at listing and GFR at listing and 6 months after transplantation. The two subsequent studies evaluated the association between hemodynamic congestion (central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure) and cardiac and renal events on the transplant waiting list in addition to circulating congestion markers (natriuretic peptides, GFR, and bilirubin). Finally, we assessed in this population the association between loop diuretic dose and residual congestion level as well as events during the waiting period. These four studies confirmed the association between congestion assessed by different biomarkers, GFR decline, and events during the waiting period. Likewise, the association between diuretic dose and congestion level highlights the importance of diuretic resistance in this population.In conclusion, congestion is a key hemodynamic parameter associated with renal function at listing and during the waiting period on the heart transplant list, as well as with events during the wait for a graft
Mure, Pierre-Yves. "Anomalies congénitales d'écoulement des urines : étude des modifications hémodynamiques et morphologiques rénales à partir d'un modèle expérimental foetal." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO1T001.
Full textOudot, Carole. "Modulations des atteintes cardiovasculaires et rénales dans l'insulino-résistance." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T019.
Full textInsulin resistance is a major feature of the metabolic syndrome whose incidence is increasing in industrialized countries, in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Insulin resistance is associated with various cardiac, vascular and renal damages. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of sodium modulation (excess or restriction) on cardio-renal changes in a model of insulin resistance induced by fructose in rats. On one hand, the influence of salt restriction concomitant with a high fructose diet was evaluated. We have shown that sodium restriction prevents cardio-renal damages. These beneficial effects were associated with a reduction in renal inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, a prevention of adipose tissue changes induced by fructose-rich diet was also obeserved. On the other hand impact of insulin resistance in presence of an early (weaning) sodium and excessive consumption of sodium was evaluated. When insulin resistance (fructose diet) was initiated secondary to high salt diet, cardiac hypertrophy associated with sodium diet decreased after the addition of insulin resistance. This paradoxal result could represent a maladaptation of cardiac muscle confirmed the impaired systolic function. In conclusion this work further demonstrates the impact of nutrition in the modulation of target organ damage. Reducing sodium intake may provide an easy way to reduce target organ damage observed in insulino resistance
Hunckler, Franck. "Analyse épidémiologique rétrospective des biopsies rénales en Guadeloupe sur une période de 20 ans (1974-94)." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6236.
Full textBoizard, Franck. "Application de la biologie des systèmes pour l'identification de marqueurs moléculaires des maladies rénales dans les fluides biologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30157.
Full textKidney disease affects about 5 million people in France mostly due to the increase in life expectancy and the evolution of our lifestyles (sedentary living, diet). Patient management is currently largely ineffective due to late diagnosis and our lack of understanding of the complex mechanisms that govern its progression. The study of the urinary proteome has emerged as an excellent way to discover biomarkers of nephropathies and thus to better understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Systems biology allows the molecular information contained in urine to be used to understand the overall organization of the regulatory networks in the diseased kidney tissue. In my thesis we have applied systems biology with two aims : The first aim was to improve the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney disease based on the analysis of urine molecular composition. Since the information in urinary proteome is mainly limited to excreted proteins, it is essential to have bioinformatic analysis methods available to "trace back" the key proteins present in the kidney tissue, but not excreted in the urine. Since this type of method is not widely used in nephrology, I have developed a methodological tool to identify in silico new key actors in kidney disease from the analysis of the urinary proteome. This new tool, called PRYNT (PRioritization bY causal NeTworks), is based on the use of protein-protein interactions with a prioritization method to identify proteins in the network that preferentially interact with urinary protein biomarkers. The second aim of my thesis was to develop systems biology approaches for the detection and progression of kidney disease using the molecular composition of urine. We developed a quantitative approach to propose an answer to these questions. I then applied this approach to the analysis of the urinary metabolome and amniotic fluid peptidome. Modelling and statistical methods allowed in these contexts to predict the presence of kidney disease and its progression
Brignol, Thierry. "Néphropathie à la silice : à propos d'un cas chez un prothésiste dentaire et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M141.
Full textTordina, Adoum. "Le syndrome pneumo-rénal à anticorps antimembrane basale glomérulaire : syndrome de Goodpasture, à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M031.
Full textBonnard, Benjamin. "Rôle du récepteur minéralocorticoïde et de la Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin dans les lésions cardio-rénales de l’insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS018.pdf.
Full textMineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is known for is physiologic role in blood pressure regulation but it also involved in various pathologies such as cardiovascular and renal diseases and hypertension. Our team identified the Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a new target of MR in cardiovascular diseases. To elucidate le role of MR and NGAL in cardio-renal lesions induced by chronic kidney disease (CKD), we used specific model MR and NGAL inhibition: from pharmacologic blockade to genetic depletion. Firstly, our results showed MR involved in cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction induced by CKD. We also revealed that NGAL from macrophages has a key role in expression of CCL5, could recruit CD4+ T cells involved in renal remodeling through IL4 secretion. Finally, we highlighted a new NGAL inhibitor which blunted renal and cardiac remodeling in two pathologic models (myocardial infarction and CKD). Taken together, these results showed that MR and NGAL are involved in cardio-renal lesions induced by chronic kidney disease
Lanfrey, Pierre. "Hydronéphrose bilatérale de diagnostic anténatal : facteurs pronostiques et évolution." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11077.
Full textBouderlique, Élise. "ABCC6 et biominéralisation rénale et vasculaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS557.
Full textBiomineralisation is an important issue in global health care. Indeed, concerning kidney stones disease, almost 10 % of whole population is affected. Major complications such as end stage of chronic kidney disease may affect some of these patients. The most frequent stone component is calcium oxalate (especially monohydrate). These stones originate frequently from an interstitial tissue calcification, the Randall’s plaque, which is made of calcium phosphate (apatite). During the past decades, the prevalence of lithiasis associated with Randall plaque has increased, mainly in young adults, raising the issue of environmental factors involved in these processes. Another biomineralization localization of interest is the vascular component. The vascular calcifications are usually divided into two groups: intimal one’s which are associated with atheromatous plaques and the medial one’s which are associated with systemic disease such as chronic kidney disease or pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). PXE is a rare, monogenic disease characterized by ectopic calcifications affecting eyes, skin, vessels and kidneys. ABCC6 mutations are implied, which are linked to pyrophosphate metabolism, a major biomineralization inhibitor. Murine Abcc6 knock out model, mimics human calcifications with phosphocalcics deposits in vibrissae, vessels, kidneys (Randall Plaque) and retina. ABCC6 impairment results in decreased plasmatic and urinary pyrophosphate levels. We hypothesized that vitamin D supplements, widely administered into children population, could be involved in biomineralization process. We studied the Randall plaque status in Abcc6-/- murine model with or without combined administration of calcium and vitamin D. We found an increased volume of papillary calcifications with the combined supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, suggesting that vitamin D administration could be a risk factor of Randall plaque development. In a second part, we studied the vascular calcifications in our Abcc6-/- murine model associated with calcium and vitamin D and found a significant association between these supplements and the calcification volume. These data sound a warning regarding the widespread supplementation in calcium and vitamin D, especially in the PXE population. In a last part, we analyzed the vascular calcifications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by aristolochic acid in the Abcc6-/- model. We used this model owing to its well tolerated and moderate status on the long term (6 months). First, we noticed that vascular calcifications were accelerated in the CKD group and predominated in the aorta cross. The two main factors involved were pyrophosphate deficiency (Abcc6-/-) and an increased expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme. Then, we confirmed that oral supplement in pyrophosphate is sufficient and well tolerated in order to decrease the CKD-induced vascular calcifications, suggesting that oral pyrophosphate might be an interesting strategy to prevent vascular calcification in CKD patients
Dorison, Aude. "Le récepteur à domaine discoïdine de type 1 : un acteur majeur des pathologies rénales chroniques et aiguës." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066144.
Full textRenal diseases lead to severe long-term complications of kidney function and only few preventive and therapeutic options exist. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a non-integrin collagen receptor expressed in several cell types within the kidney. Its abnormal expression has a deleterious role in experimental chronic kidney diseases (CKD) by promoting renal inflammation and fibrosis.The inhibition of DDR1 stopped the progression of renal disease in two models of experimental CKD and protected renal function and structure in a model of acute kidney disease, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). DDR1 expression was strongly induced in proximal epithelial tubular cells (PETCs) after I/R. Moreover, isolated PETCs from DDR1 heterozygous mice after I/R did not acquire the pro-inflammatory phenotype displayed by PETCs from WT mice. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was responsible for DDR1 pathological expression in hypoxic PETCs after I/R through the activation of CHOP transcription factor. Interestingly, biopsies of transplant patients with prolonged ischemia during transplantation had a very similar expression profile of DDR1 in proximal tubules as in experimental I/R.Finally, DDR1 overexpression in epithelial tubular cells for four weeks, in a new conditional transgenic mouse model, led to the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis.To conclude, our results suggest that the genetically-induced or the pathological overexpression of DDR1 promotes renal inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, targeting DDR1 can be a promising strategy in the treatment of renal diseases
Mirzoyan, Koryun. "The role of LPA in kidney pathologies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30073/document.
Full textBoth chronic kidney diseases (CKD) with consecutive development of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) represent worrying problems for healthcare system due to its increased frequency and the lack of efficient treatments. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits a wide range of cell responses (proliferation, migration, transformation, contraction etc.) through the activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1 to LPA6). In this work we were interested in involvement of the LPA and changes in its metabolism in CKD and AKI. Previous works showed that LPA exerts pro-fibrotic activity and contributes to development of tubulointerstitioal fibrosis (TIF) after ureteral obstruction through activation of LPA1 receptors. In the first part of the thesis we were interested whether LPA signalization is involved in more advanced model of the disease. We found that 5 months after subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) mice develop massive albuminuria, TIF and glomerular hypertrophy compared to control animals. LPA concentration measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was increased in urine but not in plasma of animals. That increase in LPA significantly correlated with albuminuria and TIF. In addition we found a decreased renal expression of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP1, 2 and 3) that are responsible for the degradation of LPA by dephosphorylation. Moreover, the expression of LPA1-LPA4 receptors is down-regulated, whereas LPA5 and LPA6 are unchanged. We concluded here that the possible deleterious effect of LPA in the development of CKD in SNX mice was likely related to its increased production rather than an increased sensitivity of the kidney to LPA. Since LPA was reported previously to protect kidney damage in the course of ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it was able to mitigate the systemic inflammation and organ damage in sepsis, we were interested in second part of the thesis to determine whether exogenous and/or endogenous LPA might protect against sepsis-associated AKI. C57BL/6 mice were treated with exogenous LPA 18:1 1 hour before being injected with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and AKI was analyzed after 24h. LPA pre-treatment significantly mitigated the LPS-induced elevation of plasma urea and creatinine, lessened the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFa, MCP-1) and completely prevented the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1a) in kidney. LPA also prevented LPS-mediated alterations of renal mitochondria ultrastructure. In vitro, pre-treatment with LPA 18:1 (10 µM) significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFa and MCP-1) in RAW264 macrophages. In addition we found that LPS led to the reduction of urinary LPA concentration that was associated with a reduction in LPA anabolic enzymes (autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase), and an elevation in LPA catabolic enzyme (lipid phosphate phosphatase 2) expression in kidney cortex. We concluded hereby that exogenous LPA exerts protection against endotoxemia-induced kidney injury. Moreover, the observation that LPS reduces the renal production of LPA suggests that sepsis-associated AKI could be mediated, at least in part, by alleviation of the protective action of endogenous LPA. In general our work shows that LPA local metabolism is altered in both forms of kidney diseases. In course of sepsis-induced AKI LPS leads to increased local catabolism of LPA leading to low availability of the phospholipid and alleviating its protective effect whereas in advanced CKD the local catabolism of the phospholipid is decreased with subsequent increase of urine LPA that favors development of the disease. Targeting LPA catabolism can be an interesting approach in treatment of kidney diseases
Fleitz, Sylvie. "La néphropathie de reflux : à propos de sept observations." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11094.
Full textIchay, Lydia. "Devenir immédiat et à long terme du syndrome néphrotique primitif de l'enfant." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11058.
Full textHermouet-Durand, Axelle. "La néphrogénomique pour l’identification de marqueurs génétiques de prédisposition de la maladie rénale chronique chez l’enfant et le donneur vivant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU1037.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a progressive loss of kidney function, and is a major public health issue affecting over 10% of the world's adult population. CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease, requiring a replacement therapy by dialysis and/or renal transplantation (RT). This pathology, with multiple etiologies, presents a marked family predisposition and a population disparity as populations of recent African ancestry are 3 to 5 times more likely to develop CKD than other populations, which underlines the role of genetic risk factors for this phenotype. This work consisted in implementing the first genomic approaches aiming at characterizing the genetic risk factors associated with the progressive kidney function decline in two specific understudied contexts: children of recent African ancestry and living kidney donors (LKD) after nephrectomy. Our genome-wide association analysis of 140 African- American children from the prospective CKD CKiD cohort revealed 14 biologically relevant loci associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and 14 additional associations with proteinuria. The role of immunity, particularly through HLA allele associations, was highlighted for the first time, which contributes to better understand pathophysiological mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome. In addition, we created the KiT-GENIE cohort that combines genotyping with pre- and post-RT clinical data in 2,000 donor-recipient pairs, including an enrichment for LKD. This has enabled us to initiate the identification of genetic and clinical markers impacting kidney function in LKD. This work aims to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms accelerating the kidney function decline after donation, in order to guarantee an informed consent for LKD and to describe non-invasive diagnostic or predictive biomarkers
Delbancut, Antoine. "Contribution à l'étude des effets de hautes dilutions de métaux vis-à-vis de la cytotoxicité du cadmium sur cultures de cellules tubulaires rénales." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2B004.
Full textGjorgjieva, Monika. "Identification des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans le développement des pathologies hépatiques et rénales dans des modèles murins de glycogénose de type 1a." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1007.
Full textGlycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare genetic disease, due to a deficiency in glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in the endogenous glucose production. Besides severe hypoglycemia, the loss of G6Pase leads to the accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and kidneys. On the long term, most patients develop hepatic tumors and chronic kidney disease (CKD).The goal of this thesis was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and CKD, thanks to viable and unique mouse models with specific deletion of G6Pase in the liver or kidneys, which exhibit all hallmarks of hepatic and renal pathologies, respectively.On a hepatic level, our study allowed us to highlight a « Warburg-like » metabolic reprogramming, very similar to what is observed in cancer cells, associated with a loss of cellular defenses and tumor suppressors. Furthermore, we showed that formation of hepatocellular adenoma, which transform later in carcinoma, occurs in the absence of liver fibrosis, due to the fact that pro-fibrotic pathways are not activated. In the kidneys, the study of CKD highlighted the development of renal cysts in mice with GSDI, as well as in the patients presenting an advanced stage of CKD. Finally, the last study on the activation of the oxidation of lipids, by treating the mice with fenofibrate, allowed us to suggest a deleterious role of lipid accumulation in the development of the hepatic and renal pathologies
Bargues-Moulies, Marie-Eve. "Syndrome d'hypomagnésémie-hypercalciurie avec néphrocalcinose et atteinte oculaire : à propos de 4 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23020.
Full textRicci, Pierbruno. "The Renal Cysts and Diabetes syndrome : from transcriptional profiling and functional analysis of a novel mouse model to biomarkers evaluation in human patients." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS111.
Full textHeterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor HNF1B are the cause of a complex multisystem syndrome known as Renal Cysts And Diabetes (RCAD). A mouse model generated in our laboratory was shown to reproduce several features of the human disease. We performed high-throughput mRNA-microRNA sequencing at different developmental stages (E14.5, E15.5, E17.5). We showed that the most down-regulated genes were involved in transport, lipid and organic acid metabolic processes and expressed in proximal tubules and to a lesser extent in the loop of Henle and collecting ducts. We then selected four microRNAs (mir-802, 194-2, 192 and -30a), which were down-regulated and potentially controlled by HNF1B. Luciferase assays in HEK-293 cells showed that HNF1B was able to specifically transactivate in a dose response mode these microRNAs through binding HNF1B-binding sites in their regulatory promoter/enhancer upstream sequences. We subsequently showed by luciferase assays using miRNA MIMICS that mir-802, mir-194-2 and mir-192 were able to inhibit luciferase vectors containing the 3’UTR of Hnf1b. Analysis of urine samples from 22 RCAD patients and 22 healthy controls led to the identification of 146 peptides differentially excreted and associated with RCAD including a similarity regarding collagen and uromodulin fragments with the RCAD mouse model. Combining the peptides into a mathematical model we used independent cohorts of patients to validate the prediction of the RCAD syndrome. Our classifier efficiently predicted RCAD syndrome with 91.7% sensitivity and 91.1% specificity on a wide population
Boubred, Farid. "Conséquences vasculaires et rénales à long terme de la restriction de croissance intra-utérine et de la nutrition postnatale chez le rat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20693.
Full textEvidence suggest that low birth weight and/or postnatal catch-up growth increase the risk for long term cardiovascular diseases (hypertension especially). Their role on the progression of chronic kidney disease is less evident. The mechanism is incompletely known. Nephron number deficit, associated with low birth weight, may play an important role. In such a condition, an adaptative single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration to meet excretory demands may lead overtime to renal damages. However this hypothesis is still questionable.In the rat, through two experimental models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), we have shown that adverse long term vascular and renal functions are highly dependent on the severity of nephron number deficit. Moreover, we have demonstrated that a rapid neonatal catch-up growth plays a determinant role. Neonatal overfeeding and a high protein diet following IUGR accelerate the expression of hypertension and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Long term vascular and renal diseases may thus result from a mismatch between adverse fetal environment and postnatal beneficial environment. In human prospective epidemiological studies are needed with the aim to evaluate the effect of postnatal nutrition and to determine early markers for future preventive studies
Mansouri, Imène. "Long-Term Kidney and Cardiac Disease Following Childhood Cancer Treatment." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS579.
Full textAdvances in treatment have increased the overall 5-year survival rate for childhood cancers to approximately 80%. In France, it estimated that about 50,000 adults have survived childhood cancer. However, previous studies have demonstrated that by the second decade of life, more than 60% of survivor of childhood malignancies (CCS) will suffer from at least one chronic disease related to the treatment they have received.The general objective of this thesis was to advance knowledge about the very long morbidity associated with childhood cancer, with the ultimate target to improve both the long term outcome and quality of life of survivors.Using data from the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (FCCSS) cohort, which includes patients treated for a solid pediatric malignancy between 1942 and 2000, we found that that mortality among CCS remained higher than the general population even after more than 40 years of the primary cancer diagnosis. A major finding of this study was that mortality attributed to adverse effects of cancer treatments (secondary primary neoplasm and circulatory disease) declined among patients treated in more recent treatment periods. We also conducted a case control study nested in the FCCSS cohort and further affirmed the role of anthracycline in the occurrence of heart failure. We demonstrated that the median heart volume that received at least 30Gy was higher among heart failure cases and that exposing small volumes of the heart (10% of the volume of the left ventricle) to at least 30Gy was associated with an elevated risk of cardiac failure. This study was the first to derive a dose response relationship based on dose-volume metrics which can be used in current clinical practice.Our results also showed that unilateral nephrectomy was associated with a high risk of renal impairment. The effect of radiation dose to the kidneys was also different among nephrectomized patients for whom any exposure to radiation was associated with an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease even at doses less than 5 Gy.Furthermore, data from the renal epidemiology and information network (REIN) registry allowed us to investigated ESKD (end stage kidney disease) related to nephrotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation. Our registry-based study showed that ESKD related to nephrotoxic cancer treatment has been steadily increasing over the past decade in the French population. These patients experienced a much lower rate of wait-listing than matched controls with other causes of ESKD, despite similar survival on dialysis.To conclude the results of this thesis are useful to identify survivors of childhood malignancies who are at risk of developing severe long term adverse effects related to the treatment of their primary cancer. Our results could be applied in current clinical practice to help adapt current treatment strategies and improve the long-term follow-up recommendations of childhood cancer survivors
Belhadj, Ihssen. "Ingénierie des connaissances pour l’épidémiologie et l’aide à la décision en santé publique : Analyse des besoins potentiels et expérimentations dans le contexte du registre français des maladies rénales." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132068.
Full textExpressing terms referring to pathological conceptualization is an important issue toward the development of clinical research and public health decision support systems. From the context of the French Registry of End Stage Renal Disease, requirements for disease terms representation are anlysed highlighting the acute and hidden problem of statistical continuity in disease data and knowledge representation. The underpinned assumption relies on the idea of ensuring terminological continuity through agenerative method of building Ontology Based Terminological systems. Rather than looking at all the terms that are necessary to describe a domain, we focused solely on the modeling of basic and definitional knowledge about disease. A set ontological rules for diseases hierachies were defined. Eperiments have been designed and implemented taking advantage of GC formalism and a logic programming toll called prolog-GC. The results confimed that such method allow performing two major activities that are carried out in the conventional building process of medical terminologies : refinement of disease terms granularity and consistency improvement. Terminological continuity needs to be considered as major criteria in disease terminological building. Generative approaches helps to improve the terminological continuity as imposes to create news terms of the bases of existing ones formal definitions
Dorison, Aude. "Le récepteur à domaine discoïdine de type 1 : un acteur majeur des pathologies rénales chroniques et aiguës." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066144/document.
Full textRenal diseases lead to severe long-term complications of kidney function and only few preventive and therapeutic options exist. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a non-integrin collagen receptor expressed in several cell types within the kidney. Its abnormal expression has a deleterious role in experimental chronic kidney diseases (CKD) by promoting renal inflammation and fibrosis.The inhibition of DDR1 stopped the progression of renal disease in two models of experimental CKD and protected renal function and structure in a model of acute kidney disease, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). DDR1 expression was strongly induced in proximal epithelial tubular cells (PETCs) after I/R. Moreover, isolated PETCs from DDR1 heterozygous mice after I/R did not acquire the pro-inflammatory phenotype displayed by PETCs from WT mice. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was responsible for DDR1 pathological expression in hypoxic PETCs after I/R through the activation of CHOP transcription factor. Interestingly, biopsies of transplant patients with prolonged ischemia during transplantation had a very similar expression profile of DDR1 in proximal tubules as in experimental I/R.Finally, DDR1 overexpression in epithelial tubular cells for four weeks, in a new conditional transgenic mouse model, led to the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis.To conclude, our results suggest that the genetically-induced or the pathological overexpression of DDR1 promotes renal inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, targeting DDR1 can be a promising strategy in the treatment of renal diseases
Guebre-Egziabher, Fitsum. "Modulation de l'apport en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 : intérêt chez le sujet sain et au cours de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903384.
Full textGarfa-Traoré, Meriem. "Étude des fonctions mécano-sensorielles des protéines NPHP1 et NPHP4 impliquées dans la néphronophtise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5189.
Full textThe functional units of the kidney, the nephrons, consist of the glomerulus, the blood filtration structure that produces urine, and the tubule, which determines its composition. Renal tubular epithelial cells are subjected to the shear stress (SS) of urine flow. Several cellular structures contribute to flow sensing: the primary cilium, microvilli and adhesion complexes that relay signals to the cytoskeleton to regulate various processes including cell differentiation and renal cell functions. Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive tubulointerstitial nephropathy leading to end-stage renal failure before adulthood. Clinical symptoms are polyuria/polydipsia, impaired sodium reabsorption and growth retardation. Histologically, it is characterised by a thickening of the tubular basement membranes, a massive and diffuse interstitial fibrosis, and cysts at the cortico-medullary junction. To date, 23 genes have been identified, most of which code for proteins localised to the primary cilium, a chemo- and mechano-sensory organelle, which regulates signalling pathways essential for development and tissue homeostasis. The NPHP1 and NPHP4 genes are the major NPH genes and encode proteins that form a complex at the transition zone of the primary cilium, a crucial zone for the maintenance of the ciliary composition integrity. They also localise to cell junctions, where they interact with signalling components and proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton. To date, the pathophysiological mechanisms of NPH are not clearly established. Due to their specific localization, we focused on the mechanosensory functions of NPHP1 and NPHP4. For this purpose, I generated a murine renal collecting duct cell (IMCD) model invalidated for Nphp1 or Nphp4 (KO_Nphp), which was cultured under flow using a microfluidic system. I first studied the immediate response to SS by measuring calcium influx, and showed that KO_Nphp cells are more sensitive. Then, I studied the impact of a prolonged SS (48h, 96h) to which KO_Nphp cells are able to react, even if their response is not properly regulated (ciliogenesis, actin remodelling). In order to explore the gene expression changes that SS induces, I performed a transcriptomic study at 48h of SS. Overall, KO_Nphp cells show a particular SS signature, including activation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, a pathway not previously known to be regulated by SS. At the cellular level, cholesterol plays a major role in the organisation, dynamics and function of membranes by influencing their physicochemical properties. Using filipin staining, I have shown that the amount of intracellular cholesterol increases under SS, and that this increase is abolished in the presence of a biosynthesis inhibitor, simvastatin. Furthermore, I observed a negative feedback of the global cholesterol amount at 96h of SS, which would suggest a cholesterol export process. The proteins NPHP1 and NPHP4 are involved in the regulation of cholesterol under SS, with NPHP4 playing a role in the activation of cholesterol biosynthesis, whereas NPHP1 could be involved in the feedback control of cholesterol quantity. To conclude, my thesis work showed that SS activated the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and that the NPHP1 and NPHP4 proteins could intervene in this process, thus highlighting a new pathophysiological mechanism for NPH, and even therapeutic prospects
Guebre-Egziabher, Fitsum. "Modulation de l’apport en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 : intérêt chez le sujet sain et au cours de l’insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10126/document.
Full textOmega 3 fatty acids play an important modulatory role in metabolic and inflammatory responses, the progression of atherosclerosis and gene expression. Recent studies suggest their beneficial impact on adipocyte morphology and function. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an increased cardiovascular morbi-mortality and suffer from a cluster of metabolic disorders. On the basis of previous studies there are reasons to suggest that omega 3 supplementation may offer a host of benefits to CKD patients. Unfortunatly, published studies on the effect of such supplementation are characterized by supra physiological omega 3 doses, that may be difficult to implement for extended periods in one hand and in the other hand the metabolic effect of different doses of omega 3 hasn’t been studied in detail. Simple dietary modifications can help achieve the recommended n-6/n-3 ratio in healthy subjects. In CKD patients supplementation with n-3 shows a differential dose response effect. Further studies are required to test the faisability and metabolic impact of dietary modifications in order to decrease n-6/n-3 ratio and to assess the long term effect of omega supplementation in CKD patients. Finally the molecular pathways implicated in this differential dose response should be assessed in animal models
Laguarigue, de Survilliers Gaëlle. "Epidémiologie de la lithiase urinaire à l'île de la Réunion." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M018.
Full textDesgrange, Audrey. "Rôle du facteur de transcription HNF1B dans la tubulogénèse rénale chez la souris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066741.
Full textMammalian kidney is an essential excretory organ that regulates fluid balance, osmolarity and pH. It also ensures blood filtration to excrete metabolism end products and drugs. The initiation of definitive mammalian kidney development is marked by the emergence of the ureteric bud (UB) from the Wolffian Duct (WD). The UB subsequently undergoes a complex and stereotyped process of branching to give rise to the entire urinary collecting duct (CD) system and the ureter. As the UB undergoes branching morphogenesis, the tip cells control multiple events including mesenchymal-to-epithelial conversion and subsequent formation of regionalized nephrons, the filtering units of the kidney. The POUhomeodomain transcription factor HNF1B plays a critical role in the early differentiation of various organs including pancreas, liver and kidney. In humans, HNF1B heterozygous mutations cause the complex syndrome known as Renal Cysts and Diabetes, characterized by kidney, genital tracts and pancreas abnormalities as well as early onset of Diabetes. Our lab has previously shown that HNF1B is involved in early mouse kidney development for UB timing outgrowth and branching, as well as for induction of nephrogenesis. However, Hnf1b is also expressed during branching in UB and CDs, and at every nephrogenesis steps, suggesting a later and specific role during both processes. Given the reciprocal interactions between the UB and the metanephric mesenchyme, to discriminate the specific Hnf1b functions in these compartments, we inactivated this gene individually in those two tissues, through the use of appropriate Cre-recombinase mouse lines. Hnf1b-specific inactivation in nephron progenitors, using the Wnt4-EGFPCre mouse line, leads to mutant newborns death soon after birth, with mild hypoplastic kidneys that lack all nephron segments but exhibit rather correct UB branching. Mutant renal vesicles develop and polarize normally but fail to progress to correctly patterned “S” shaped bodies (SSB). This is associated with strong downregulation of the Notch pathway components Lfng, Dll1 and Jag1 and the Irx1/2 factors, which are potential regulators of proximal and Henle’s loop segment fates. Moreover, HNF1B is recruited in vivo to the regulatory sequences of most of these genes. Overexpression of a HNF1B dominant-negative construct in Xenopus embryos causes downregulation specifically of proximal and intermediate pronephric segment markers. Our results show that HNF1B is required for the acquisition of a proximointermediate segment fate in vertebrates, thus uncovering a previously unappreciated function of a novel SSB subcompartment in global nephron segmentation and further differentiation. By removal of Hnf1b from the WD and the UB using the Hoxb7-Cre mouse line, we observe multiple urogenital tract abnormalities in part due to an early mosaic Hoxb7-Cre activity. Analyzing kidney tree architecture, we found that tips number and length are massively reduced and UB branching is severely miss-patterned in mutants. Combining the Hnf1b mosaic deletion with a reporter line expressing a membrane-associated fluorescent protein EGFP or Tomato, we developped an original genetic approach that allows visualize the behavior of recombined and WT cells within the UB branches. By time lapse on organotypic kidney cultures we observe, at different stages, that cells lacking Hnf1b become excluded from the UB tips. This suggests that HNF1B may be required cell autonomously at the tip domain for the branching process. Moreover, collecting duct cell polarity appears impaired in mutants and do not further maturate properly becoming either dilated or over cystic both in vivo and in vitro [...]
Proslier, Dominique. "L'atteinte rénale dans le syndrone branchio-oto-rénal." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11145.
Full textEstève, Emmanuel. "Applications des outils physicochimiques à la physiologie et physiopathologie rénale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS283.
Full textKidney histology has led to better description and understanding of renal diseases. Kidney biopsy analysis only relies on visible light after staining. The goal of this work was to assess whether other kinds of illumination could be used on standard renal samples. In a first part we have demonstrated that synchrotron radiation mediated micro-X ray fluorescence can identify platinum with micrometric resolution in platinum-based chemotherapy exposed mice and humans kidneys. In a second work we show that UV fluorescence can be used to detect oxalate in hyperoxaluric patient kidneys. It highlights standard intratubular large oxalate crystals but also small non usually detectable microcristals and diffuse intracellular oxalate accumulation. In a third part we have manage to perform atomic force microscopic enhanced infrared spectroscopy on renal biopsies of vancomycine cast nephropathies patients biopsies. It allowed us to acquire nanoscopically resoluted infrared spectra of intratubular vancomycin casts and to demonstrate the chemical heterogeneity of such pathological precipitations. Taken together these works illustrate the feasibility and high potential of physicochemical analytic method to further describe kidney biopsies
Gjorgjieva, Monika. "Identification des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans le développement des pathologies hépatiques et rénales dans des modèles murins de glycogénose de type 1a." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1007/document.
Full textGlycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare genetic disease, due to a deficiency in glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in the endogenous glucose production. Besides severe hypoglycemia, the loss of G6Pase leads to the accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and kidneys. On the long term, most patients develop hepatic tumors and chronic kidney disease (CKD).The goal of this thesis was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and CKD, thanks to viable and unique mouse models with specific deletion of G6Pase in the liver or kidneys, which exhibit all hallmarks of hepatic and renal pathologies, respectively.On a hepatic level, our study allowed us to highlight a « Warburg-like » metabolic reprogramming, very similar to what is observed in cancer cells, associated with a loss of cellular defenses and tumor suppressors. Furthermore, we showed that formation of hepatocellular adenoma, which transform later in carcinoma, occurs in the absence of liver fibrosis, due to the fact that pro-fibrotic pathways are not activated. In the kidneys, the study of CKD highlighted the development of renal cysts in mice with GSDI, as well as in the patients presenting an advanced stage of CKD. Finally, the last study on the activation of the oxidation of lipids, by treating the mice with fenofibrate, allowed us to suggest a deleterious role of lipid accumulation in the development of the hepatic and renal pathologies
Guivier, Emmanuel. "Variabilité de la résistance/tolérance des campagnols roussâtres à lhantavirus Puumala et conséquences épidémiologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20194.
Full textThe bank vole Myodes glareolus is the main reservoir of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), the agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE) in Europe. This work aims at describing the variability of M. glareolus resistance / tolerance to PUUV and at exploring its role in the distribution and transmission of the virus. We hypothesized that tolerance to PUUV should favour its persistence and transmission, what could increase the risk of NE emergence.We developed a candidate gene approach to determine the role of three immune genes in the resistance / tolerance to PUUV. Both the detection of positive associations between Drb alleles and PUUV infection and the negative relationship observed between Tnf-α gene expression and PUUV prevalence corroborated the evolution of tolerance in NE endemic areas. The costly inflammatory response activated against PUUV infection could mediate this evolution.Using landscape population genetics, we revealed the role of M. glareolus population dynamics in PUUV epidemiology. The comparison of Drb and Tnf-α genetic differentiation with the neutral pattern detected at microsatellites indicated that selection weakly acted on these immune genes. This result suggested the potential effect of phenotypic plasticity in the balance of resistance/tolerance to PUUV. The study of helminth communities confirmed this hypothesis as it revealed the impact of two nematode species on the risk of PUUV infection
Clec'h, Christophe. "Modèle à risques compétitifs et analyse de propension appliqués à l'atteinte rénale aiguë en réanimation." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS036.
Full textAcute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly encountered in critically ill patients. Although it has been extensively studied so far, may key issues remain unresolved. This aim of this thesis is to bring a new insight in the field through rigorous and original methodological approaches. In the first part, the prognostic impact of AKI is assessed through the Fine and Gray competing risks model. In the second part, the efficacy of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is evaluated by the propensity score technique. Finally, concerns about contrast-induced AKI, which has been surprisingly under investigated in the intensive care unit, are addressed in the third part. Results emphasize the poor outcome associated with AKI, cast some doubt on RRT efficacy and stress the need for urgent validation of early and sensitive diagnostic markers, and standardization of AKI management