Academic literature on the topic 'Malaria'

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Journal articles on the topic "Malaria"

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Rahman, Md Arifur, Md Anwar Husain, Mahabubur Rahman Chowdhury, and Kanti Priyo Das. "Panmalarial Immunochromatographic Test May Help in Detection of Rare Species of Malaria." Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 27, no. 1 (October 8, 2016): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v27i1.62287.

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We detected a case of Plasmodium malariae in Chittagong, Bangladesh, using traditional microscopy and pan malarial Immunochromatographic Test (ICT). The person was an adult male, presented clinically as severe malaria. Blood slide examination by microscopy and pan malarial ICT revealed the case as Plasmodium malariae infection. The patient presented as severe malaria case for which he was hospitalized and recovered after seven days of quinine treatment.
 JCMCTA 2016 ; 27 (1) : 59 - 60
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Salutondok, Welly, Nolly O. H. Rantung, Ronny ., and Michelle P. C. Nugroho. "A Case Report of Plasmodium Malaria Infection." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 9, no. 4 (January 8, 2025): 105–8. https://doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20240411.

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Background: Malaria is a human infection caused by Plasmodium species. The Indonesia Ministry of Health reported 418,546 positive cases of malaria in Indonesia throughout 2023. Among the five major Plasmodium species, Plasmodium malariae infection is relatively rare and often overlooked by light microscopy due to its low parasitemia. Case Report: A 67-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a fever for almost one week. The fever went down for three days but rose again on the fourth day. The patient had a history of traveling to Papua. Vital signs were normal. Laboratory examinations revealed decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and hematocrite. The serological examination was positive for malaria, and occult blood examination detected Plasmodium malariae schizont. The patient was subsequently treated with combination drug therapy for malaria and recovered successfully. Conclusion: The symptoms of the patient were attributed to malaria infection. Treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy is the most effective anti-malarial drug. Early and accurate diagnosis was also crucial delays in appropriate treatment could result in severe complications. Keywords: plasmodium malariae, malaria, tropical infection
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Utpat, Sandeepa, Fahad Hussain, Cem Dikengil, Nishka Utpat, and Vinod Nookala. "Antimalarial prophylaxis failure: Malaria in a returning traveler despite mefloquine prophylaxis." Tropical Parasitology 14, no. 1 (2024): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tp.tp_39_23.

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This case report presents a perplexing case of Plasmodium malariae breakthrough infection despite prophylaxis with appropriate antimalarial prophylactic regimen of mefloquine in a compliant patient. A 78-year-old missionary who travels each year to the African subcontinent for multiple weeks to months, over 25 years, adheres to stringent antimalarial prophylaxis with Mefloquine as prescribed, starting prior to the trip and continuing after the return to the U.S.A. She gave no prior history of malaria during her 25 years of travel to Africa and back. Since she had no prior history of malaria and due to her excellent compliance with antimalarial regiment, despite her presentation which were suggestive of malaria, neither the patient nor her providers recognized the onset of malaria in this case. Infectious diseases physicians approached this case with an open mind, investigated appropriately, requested appropriate tests, found the presence of malarial parasite, identified as P. malariae species thereafter. She was started on antimalarial treatment in a timely fashion and showed an excellent response. This intriguing recovery of malarial parasite and response to treatment despite the patient being on antimalarial prophylaxis raised the possibility of mefloquine failure as an antimalarial prophylactic agent against P. malariae species.
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Haque, Muhammad Ehsanul, Muhammad Anwar Husain, Nasima Akter, Muhammad Abdul Mazed, Khan Mashrequl Alam, Muhammad Tipu Sultan, Arup Kanti Dewanjee, Muhammad Shaqil Ahmed, Muhammad Arifur Rahman, and Muhammad Zakir Hossain. "Plasmodium malariae in Chittagong, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 5, no. 2 (November 10, 2013): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16936.

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We detected a case of Plasmodium malariae in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The person was an adult male, presented clinically as severe malaria. B lood slide examination by microscopy and pan malarial immunochromatographic test (ICT) revealed the case as Plasmodium malariae infection. The patient presented as severe malaria case for which he was hospitalized and recovered after seven days of quinine treatment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16936 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 30-31
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Haldar, Kasturi, and Narla Mohandas. "Malaria, erythrocytic infection, and anemia." Hematology 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.87.

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Abstract Malaria is a major world health problem. It results from infection of parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the major human malarias, with P falciparum being the more virulent. During their blood stages of infection, both P falciparum and P vivax induce anemia. Severe malarial anemia caused by P falciparum is responsible for approximately a third of the deaths associated with disease. Malarial anemia appears to be multi-factorial. It involves increased removal of circulating erythrocytes as well as decreased production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow. The molecular mechanisms underlying malarial anemia are largely unknown. Over the last five years, malaria parasite ligands have been investigated for their remodeling of erythrocytes and possible roles in destruction of mature erythrocytes. Polymorphisms in cytokines have been associated with susceptibility to severe malarial anemia: these cytokines and malaria “toxins” likely function by perturbing erythropoiesis. Finally a number of co-infections increase susceptibility to malarial anemia, likely because they exacerbate inflammation caused by malaria. Because of the complexities involved, the study of severe malarial anemia may need a “systems approach” to yield comprehensive understanding of defects in both erythropoiesis and immunity associated with disease. New and emerging tools such as (i) mathematical modeling of the dynamics of host control of malarial infection, (ii) ex vivo perfusion of human spleen to measure both infected and uninfected erythrocyte retention, and (iii) in vitro development of erythroid progenitors to dissect responsiveness to cytokine imbalance or malaria toxins, may be especially useful to develop integrated mechanistic insights and therapies to control this major and fatal disease pathology.
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Aqeel, Ahmad1 and Sultan Ahmad2*. "A Review: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies [ACTs] and K13 Polymorphism." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 1, no. 4 (August 13, 2020): 088–09. https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1124.

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Malaria is caused by four plasmodium species in humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale) which spread from one person to another via the bite of female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum causes most deaths from malaria [1] and is most prevalent on the African continent whereas P. vivax has a wider geographical distribution [2]. According to the latest WHO estimates, released in December 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria in 2015 and 438,000 deaths [3]. Existing strategies to control malaria include vector control, chemoprevention and case management [4]. Without a fruitful antibody that would offer security against malaria, we have to depend on anti-malarial prescription to treat just as lessen the odds of getting the disease [5-8]. Artemisinin in mix with other moderate acting medications is suggested for the treatment of P. falciparum.
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Dr., Tehmina Hayat Dr. Arshia Maqbool Dr. Muhammad Adnan Akbar. "PREVALANCE OF MALARIA IN EASTERN AREAS OF BALUCHISTAN AT BORDERS OF OTHER PROVINCES." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 05 (May 28, 2018): 4395–400. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1254447.

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Objective:<em> The objective of the study was to decide the occurrences of parasites causing malaria in far flung human populations of Balochistan. </em> Methodology:<em> A large group of 3340 subjects was examined for malarial parasites by testing the blood samples during the timeframe of 2 years i.e. July 2015 to June 2017.</em> Results:<em> The laboratory tests revealed that 1095 (32.78%) cases were diagnosed with malaria out of total suspected sample of 3340. Among 1095 infected cases, 579 were due to </em>Plasmodium falciparum<em> infection and 516 cases were infected with </em>Plasmodium vivax.<em> No other malarial parasites (</em>P malariae<em> and P </em>ovale)<em> were noticed in our case.</em> Conclusion:<em> The incidences of falciparum and ovale plasmodium were observed in Barkhan and Kohlu&nbsp;&nbsp; border areas of Balochistan. The existence of P. </em>falciparum and P. vivax is a great<em> health hazard because both the infections are closely associated with drastic complications such as cerebral malaria. &nbsp;No significant relation could be developed among the malarial parasites and subjects&rsquo; age groups. </em> Keywords:<em> Malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax.</em>
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Dr, Fatima Altaf Dr. Namra Tufail Dr. Shifa Batool. "PREVALANCE OF MALARIA IN EASTERN AREAS OF BALUCHISTAN AT BORDERS OF OTHER PROVINCES." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 05 (June 1, 2018): 4593–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1257636.

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Objective:<em> The objective of the study was to decide the occurrences of parasites causing malaria in far flung human populations of Balochistan. </em> Methodology:<em> A large group of 3340 subjects was examined for malarial parasites by testing the blood samples during the timeframe of 2 years i.e. July 2015 to June 2017.</em> Results:<em> The laboratory tests revealed that 1095 (32.78%) cases were diagnosed with malaria out of total suspected sample of 3340. Among 1095 infected cases, 579 were due to </em>Plasmodium falciparum<em> infection and 516 cases were infected with </em>Plasmodium vivax.<em> No other malarial parasites (</em>P malariae<em> and P </em>ovale)<em> were noticed in our case.</em> Conclusion:<em> The incidences of falciparum and ovale plasmodium were observed in Barkhan and Kohlu&nbsp;&nbsp; border areas of Balochistan. The existence of P. </em>falciparum and P. vivax is a great<em> health hazard because both the infections are closely associated with drastic complications such as cerebral malaria. &nbsp;No significant relation could be developed among the malarial parasites and subjects&rsquo; age groups. </em> Key Words:<em> Malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax.</em>
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Fakdul, Timloh, Shangshikmwa K. Gaknung, Mercy O. Simon, Nelson J. Nwankwo, Joel Paul, Hafsat S. Jagab, Daniel G. ThankGod, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum Infections Using PCR-based Assays in Jos, Nigeria-cross-sectional Study." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1273.

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Background: Malaria remains a significant health threat globally, with Plasmodium falciparum being the predominant and lethal parasite in Africa. Nigeria is still faced with ongoing cases of asymptomatic malaria, hindering effective control measures.&#x0D; Aim: The aim was to generate epidemiological data that will provide good background and guide strategies for driving malaria control efforts, research, and resource allocation in the region.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, where the samples were originally collected within about 16 months between October 2019 and January 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study was conducted using 136 microscopically screened 2 plus (++) and above positive malarial whole blood samples obtained in EDTA bottles from two hospitals in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The DNA extraction was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions using Zymo Research extraction kits. Plasmodium genus and Plasmodium falciparum were detected in the samples using the PCR method and gel electrophoresis.&#x0D; Results: In the results, using PCR techniques, 47.8% (65/136) of the total malaria-positive samples collected were confirmed for the presence of the Plasmodium genus. Out of these 65 positive samples, 63 were found to be Plasmodium falciparum.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Plasmodium falciparum remains the predominant malaria species in Jos, Plateau State, comprising approximately 96.9% (63/65) of the malarial cases. This indicates that only about 3% of malaria cases affecting the residents of Jos, Plateau State might be caused by the other four species of malaria parasites (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi).
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Mandala, Wilson L., Chisomo L. Msefula, Esther N. Gondwe, James J. Gilchrist, Stephen M. Graham, Paul Pensulo, Grace Mwimaniwa, et al. "Lymphocyte Perturbations in Malawian Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, no. 2 (November 18, 2015): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00564-15.

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ABSTRACTLymphocytes are implicated in immunity and pathogenesis of severe malaria. Since lymphocyte subsets vary with age, assessment of their contribution to different etiologies can be difficult. We immunophenotyped peripheral blood from Malawian children presenting with cerebral malaria, severe malarial anemia, and uncomplicated malaria (n= 113) and healthy aparasitemic children (n= 42) in Blantyre, Malawi, and investigated lymphocyte subset counts, activation, and memory status. Children with cerebral malaria were older than those with severe malarial anemia. We found panlymphopenia in children presenting with cerebral malaria (median lymphocyte count, 2,100/μl) and uncomplicated malaria (3,700/μl), which was corrected in convalescence and was absent in severe malarial anemia (5,950/μl). Median percentages of activated CD69+NK (73%) and γδ T (60%) cells were higher in cerebral malaria than in other malaria types. Median ratios of memory to naive CD4+lymphocytes were higher in cerebral malaria than in uncomplicated malaria and low in severe malarial anemia. The polarized lymphocyte subset profiles of different forms of severe malaria are independent of age. In conclusion, among Malawian children cerebral malaria is characterized by lymphocyte activation and increased memory cells, consistent with immune priming. In contrast, there are reduced memory cells and less activation in severe malaria anemia. Further studies are required to understand whether these immunological profiles indicate predisposition of some children to one or another form of severe malaria.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Malaria"

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MacCormick, I. "Malarial retinopathy and neurovascular injury in paediatric cerebral malaria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2049100/.

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Background Diseases of the brain are difficult to study because this organ is relatively inaccessible. Only one part of the central nervous system is available to direct, non-invasive observation – the retina. The concept of the retina as a window to the brain has created much interest in the retina as a source of potential markers of brain disease. Paediatric cerebral malaria is a severe neurological complication of infection with the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is responsible for death and disability in a significant number of children in sub-Saharan Africa. As with many neurological diseases, the precise mechanisms by which this infection causes damage to the brain remain unclear, and this hampers efforts to develop effective treatments. It may be that studying the retina in paediatric cerebral malaria could both illuminate pathogenesis specific to this disease, and also provide an illustration of how to approach retinal biomarkers in a new, and potentially more effective way. Methods I approached the aim of developing retinal features as markers of brain disease in paediatric cerebral malaria via several objectives. I made use of an existing clinical study to collect new retinal data from ophthalmoscopic examinations and fundus fluorescein angiograms from patients over three successive malaria seasons in Malawi, and added these to historical data obtained previously at the same site. I devised a new method for grading retinal images. I reviewed the biological plausibility of associations between retina and brain in cerebral malaria, and then considered analytical methods to interpret my retinal data effectively. Finally I estimated associations between retinal features, outcomes, and a radiological measure of brain swelling using combinations of regression models. Results My review of retinal and cerebral histopathology, vascular anatomy and physiology indicated that certain retinal and brain regions may be similarly prone to damage from sequestration as a result of interactions between aberrant rheology and microvascular geometry, such as branching patterns and arteriole to venule ratios. My review of evaluations of analogy and surrogacy suggested that biological similarities between retina and brain could be used to justify statistical evaluation of the amount of information the subject and object of the inference share about a common outcome, as used to assess surrogate end points for clinical trials. This kind of approach is able to address questions about whether a particular retinal feature is effectively equivalent to an analogous disease manifestation in the brain. I report analyses on three overlapping groups of subjects, all of whom had retinopathy positive cerebral malaria: children with admission ophthalmoscopy (n=817), children with admission fluorescein angiography (n=260), and children with admission angiography and MRI of the brain (n=134). Several retinal features are associated with death and longer time to recover consciousness in paediatric cerebral malaria. Broadly speaking, these features appear to reflect two processes: neurovascular sequestration (e.g. orange vessel discolouration and death), and neurovascular leakage (e.g. >5 sites of punctate leak and death). Respective adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for these particular associations are: 2.88 (1.64-5.05); and 6.90 (1.52-31.3). Other related processes may also be important, such as ischaemia, which can be extensive. Associations between retina and brain are less clear, in part because of selection bias in the samples. Conclusions Neurovascular leak is important in fatal paediatric cerebral malaria, suggesting that fatal brain swelling may occur primarily as a result of vasogenic oedema. Other processes are also likely to be involved, particularly neurovascular sequestration, which is visible on retinal imaging as orange vessels or intravascular filling defects. Sequestration may plausibly cause leak through direct damage to tight junctions and by increasing transmural pressure secondary to venous congestion. Several types of retinal leakage are seen and some of these may represent re-perfusion rather than acute injury. Future work to investigate temporal changes in retinal signs may find clearer associations with radiological and clinical outcomes. The steps taken to evaluate retinal markers in cerebral malaria illustrate a more rigorous approach to retinal biomarkers in general, which can be applied to other neurological diseases.
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Herricks, Thurston E. "Malaria pathogenesis : deformability limits of malaria infected erythrocytes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8622.

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Abdullah, Mohamed Rusli. "Malaria and malaria control in Jeli Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266047.

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Huot, Chantheany Pornthep Chanthavanich. "Clinical manifestation of uncomplicated falciparum malaria and vivax malaria in Thai children /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd363/4638516.pdf.

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Melzig, Daniela. "Malaria Epidemiologie, Klinik und Verläufe bei Patienten mit importierter Malaria /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968578845.

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Kownatzki, Christine. "Malaria und Schwangerschaft." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-54343.

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Ohashi, Taryn M. "Eradicating Malaria: Improving a Multiple-Timestep Optimization Model of Malarial Intervention Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/273.

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Malaria is a preventable and treatable blood-borne disease whose complications can be fatal. Although many interventions exist in order to reduce the impacts of malaria, the optimal method of distributing these interventions in a geographical area with limited resources must be determined. This thesis refines a model that uses an integer linear program and a compartmental model of epidemiology called an SIR model of ordinary differential equations. The objective of the model is to find an intervention strategy over multiple time steps and multiple geographic regions that minimizes the number of days people spend infected with malaria. In this paper, we refine the resolution of the model and conduct sensitivity analysis on its parameter values.
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Owusu-Ofori, Alex. "Transfusion-transmitted malaria and bacterial infections in a malaria endemic region." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/6173/.

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Background and Methods: Blood transfusion saves lives and improves health but the presence of transfusion transmissible infections can have untoward consequences. When undetected, these infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality to transfusion recipients. On the other hand, a high prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) leading to rejection of a large proportion of donated blood can result in blood shortages and subsequent increase in mortality. Malaria and bacterial infections are transfusion transmissible but there is limited data concerning these infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the burden of transfusion-transmitted malaria in malaria endemic countries are unknown, it is recommended that all donated blood is screened for malaria parasites and presumptive treatment be given to transfusion recipients. Bacterial contamination in sub-Saharan Africa has been reported to occur in between 8 - 17% of stored blood but the effect of contamination on transfusion recipients has not been determined. Syphilis is currently the only bacterial infection for which routine screening is recommended but screening is not being performed in many blood centres including Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana where this study took place. This study examined the effects of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) and bacterial infections (including syphilis) on transfusion recipients in a malaria endemic area. Four malaria screening tests were compared to assess their usefulness in the context of African blood banks. Pregnant women, children and immune-compromised transfusion recipients from the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Medicine and Oncology in KATH were enrolled into the study. Results: Anti-malarial drugs were routinely prescribed with paediatric transfusions. Fifty patients were evaluated after receiving blood transfusions that were positive for P. falciparum by PCR and seven recipients developed PCR-detectable parasitaemia. In only one recipient (2%) was TTM confirmed. The prevalence of P. falciparum malaria in transfused blood was 4.7% (21/445) by microscopy, 13.7% (60/440) by rapid diagnostic test, 18% (78/436) by polymerase chain reaction and 22.2% (98/442) by enzyme immunoassay. Bacterial contamination was found in 11.5 %( 95% CI 7.0-16.0%) (23/200) of donated blood units but only half of the recipients were observed to developed adverse signs of transfusion related sepsis. The mean duration of storage of blood was 2 days. The prevalence of syphilis sero-positivity in donated blood was 8.0% (95% CI 4.3-11.7%). Seroconversion took place in an 8 year old girl, after receiving a syphilis sero-positive unit of blood. Conclusions: This thesis has shown that malaria parasites may be commonly detected in donor blood but TTM occurs infrequently in recipients living in malaria endemic areas. The high rate of bacterial contamination and its associated transfusion related sepsis poses a safety risk to transfusion recipients. Transfusion-transmitted syphilis remains a risk for transfusion recipients in blood centres with a high prevalence and short duration of storage of donor blood.
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Tek, F. Boray. "Computerised diagnosis of malaria." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/92068/computerised-diagnosis-of-malaria.

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Buitrago, Amanda Elena Maestre. "Immunity to malaria using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi AS as a model of the human malaria Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298916.

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Books on the topic "Malaria"

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Frischknecht, Friedrich. Malaria. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25300-4.

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Ménard, Robert, ed. Malaria. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-026-7.

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Mota, Maria M., and Ana Rodriguez, eds. Malaria. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45210-4.

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Melba, Gomes, ed. Malaria. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993.

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G, Dziedzic Nancy, ed. Malaria. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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G, Dziedzic Nancy, ed. Malaria. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Dziedzic, Nancy G. Malaria. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010.

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.), ed. Malaria. [Bethesda, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2000.

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Dziedzic, Nancy G. Malaria. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Goldsmith, Connie. Malaria. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Malaria"

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Plowe, Christopher V. "Malaria malaria Vaccines malaria vaccines." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 6291–309. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_536.

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Usluca, Selma. "Malaria and Molecular Diagnosis." In Molecular Approaches in Medicine, 21–48. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359524.2.

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It is an endemic vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In each endemic area, malaria is transmitted by a specific set of Anopheles species. Plasmodium consists of over 200 species, infecting mammals, birds, and reptiles, and malaria parasites generally tend to be host-specific. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi are the five known species of the genus Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. Of the five Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans, P. falciparum causes severe malaria. P. vivax is the most widespread malaria parasite globally. P. malariae is the least frequent and pathogenic, causing mainly asymptomatic infections with submicroscopic parasitemia, leading to low morbidity and mortality, although it can occasionally evolve with chronic renal disease. Different malaria species require distinct treatment regimens. Early and accurate diagnosis to specifically identify the infecting agent among all five malarial species is thus crucial for correct treatment and disease control. Prompt treatment is key to averting severe malaria and relies on access to accurate diagnosis and effective therapeutics. Several methods, such as microscopy-based analysis, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), serological methods, and molecular methods are available to diagnose malaria. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which have advantages, such as high sensitivity and processivity and the capacity to identify drug-resistant strains, despite being more time consuming and expensive than microscopy and RDTs. PCR-based tests are also ideal for diagnosing mixed Plasmodium infections. However, PCR reliance on electricity, costly reagents and laboratory facilities for sample preparation have limited PCR to reference laboratories. To eliminate malaria, control and prevention efforts are necessary to reduce the prevalence of the disease and limit the development of drug resistance of the parasite. This requires a robust monitoring and surveillance system. Vector surveillance, larvae and vector control are also important. Vaccines and more recently, the use of monoclonal antibodies is needed for control of the disease. Enhanced surveillance and investigation of Plasmodium spp. genetic variations will contribute to the successful diagnosis and treatment of malaria in future.
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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde, et al. "Avian Malaria, Bird Malaria." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 341–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10427.

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Hangay, George, Susan V. Gruner, F. W. Howard, John L. Capinera, Eugene J. Gerberg, Susan E. Halbert, John B. Heppner, et al. "Malaria." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2273–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1689.

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Dhanireddy, Shireesha, and John B. Lynch. "Malaria." In Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics, 1103–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_101.

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Pomares, Christelle. "Malaria." In Infectious Disease and Parasites, 195–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30009-2_1047.

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Janitschke, K. "Malaria." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 893–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08626-1_112.

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Georgiev, Vassil St. "Malaria." In National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 163–91. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-297-1_20.

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McGrew, Roderick E. "Malaria." In Encyclopedia of Medical History, 165–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05429-9_11.

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Carter, Keith H., Rainier P. Escalada, and Prabhjot Singh. "Malaria." In Arthropod Borne Diseases, 325–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13884-8_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Malaria"

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Arun, K., Sebastian Terence, Titus, Jude Immaculate, and Angeline Lydia. "Malaria Detection Using Residual Network." In 2024 10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), 1630–34. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs60874.2024.10716951.

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Singh, Bhumi, Namrata Dhanda, and Rajat Verma. "Malaria Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques." In 2024 4th International Conference on Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE), 533–38. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/aece62803.2024.10911225.

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Azad, Saeed, Koffi Novignon Amouzou, Ricardo Izquierdo, Ahmad Al-Shboul, and Bora Ung. "Detection of malaria pigment crystals employing submicron air-holes photonic crystal fiber." In Specialty Optical Fibers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sof.2022.som4h.3.

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Malaria pigments were synthesized and characterized via FTIR and SEM analysis. We further demonstrate the magneto-optical malaria diagnosis using submicron-sized photonic crystal fiber. Our results constitute another step towards quick and cost-effective malarial detection.
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Bravo-Salgado, Angel, Jessica Beckham, and Armin R. Mikler. "Modeling malaria." In the 2nd ACM Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2147805.2147891.

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Berry, Drew. "The malaria lifecycle." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Computer Animation Fesitval. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1596685.1596768.

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Trapsilowati, Wiwik, Mega Tyas Prihatin, Riyani Setyaningsih, Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, Aryani Pujiyanti, and Arief Mulyono. "Receptivity Status of Malaria Transmission Toward Malaria Elimination in Indonesia." In 5th Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Public Health Conference (UPHEC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200311.033.

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Prasher, Shikha, Leema Nelson, and S. Gomathi. "Inception Model for Malaria Detection Using Malaria Cell Images Dataset." In 2024 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idciot59759.2024.10467370.

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Bauwens, I., J. Franke, and M. Gebreslasie. "Malareo - Earth observation to support Malaria Control in Southern Africa." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351988.

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Foy, Brian D. "Targeting malaria vectors through their blood meals for malaria transmission control." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94825.

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Yost, Olivia, and Peter Williams. "Preventing Malaria Through Housing Design." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.15.22.

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Malaria is an issue of global importance. This parasitic disease, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, currently threatens 44% of the world’s population. In 2013, there were an estimated 198 million infections and over 580,000 deaths from malaria. Like many diseases, malaria is opportunistic, quickly feeding into the cycle of poverty and infecting the most vulnerable members of society who lack access to protection and car
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Reports on the topic "Malaria"

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_1. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301448.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_2. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301451.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_3. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301458.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_4. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301461.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_5. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301464.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_6. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301470.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_7. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301472.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_8. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301486.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_9. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301546.

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Hersey, Anne. Malaria Box 2015_10. EMBL-EBI, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl3301550.

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