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Journal articles on the topic 'Malaria ; Antimalarial drugs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Kumar, Lalit, Jyoti Kumar Dinkar, Lalit Mohan, and Harihar Dikshit. "Cost variation analysis of antimalarial drugs available in India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 9 (2017): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173981.

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Background: Malaria has been a problem in India for centuries. There are innumerable brands of antimalarial present in the market. Malaria can be extremely fatal if not treated promptly. Costly drugs can lead to economic burden which results in decreased compliance or even non-compliance. Non-compliance leads to incomplete treatment which tends to increase morbidity. Increase in the patient medication cost was found to be associated with decreased adherence to prescription medication. Hence this study was done to assess the cost variation of malaria therapy.Methods: The maximum and minimum pri

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Dembele, Laurent, Yaw Aniweh, Nouhoum Diallo, et al. "Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum comparative susceptibility to antimalarial drugs in Mali." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 8 (2021): 2079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab133.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate Plasmodium malariae susceptibility to current and lead candidate antimalarial drugs. Methods We conducted cross-sectional screening and detection of all Plasmodium species malaria cases, which were nested within a longitudinal prospective study, and an ex vivo assessment of efficacy of a panel of antimalarials against P. malariae and Plasmodium falciparum, both PCR-confirmed mono-infections. Reference compounds tested included chloroquine, lumefantrine, artemether and piperaquine, while candidate antimalarials included the imidazolopiperazine GNF179, a close ana

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Bhandari, Prasan R., and Apeksha Bhandary. "Variation of cost among anti-malarial drugs available in Indian market." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 11 (2019): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194775.

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Background: There are numerous brands of antimalarial existent in the market. Expensive drugs could result in financial drain that causes reduced compliance or even non-compliance. Non-adherence to therapy could consequently cause partial treatment that leads to higher morbidity and in certain cases mortality too. Thus this evaluation was conducted to measure the cost disparity of malaria therapy.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in Indian rupee rate was noted by using the latest edition of current index of medical specialities. The cost ratio and the percentage

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Choudhary, Amit, Manish Sinha, Arti Devi, Shammy Jindal, and Kamya Goyal. "A Review on Antimalarial 1,2,4-Trioxane Derivatives." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 4-s (2020): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4-s.4268.

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Malaria in recent years becomes a major health hitch globally due to the surfacing of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. In recent times, artemisinin (ART)-based drugs and combination therapies become the drugs of preference for the treatment and prophylaxis of resistant P. falciparum malaria. Endoperoxide compounds natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic signifying a massive number of antimalarial agents which possess a wide structural miscellany with needed antimalarial effectiveness against resistant P. falciparum malaria. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system deficient th

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Tang, Yu-Qing, Qian Ye, He Huang, and Wei-Yi Zheng. "An Overview of Available Antimalarials: Discovery, Mode of Action and Drug Resistance." Current Molecular Medicine 20, no. 8 (2020): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524020666200207123253.

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: Malaria is one of the three most deadly infectious diseases in the world and seriously endangers human health and life. To reduce the public health burden of this disease, scientists have focused on the discovery and development of effective antimalarial drugs, from quinine and chloroquine to antifolates and artemisinin and its derivatives, which all play a profound role in the treatment of malaria. However, drugresistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum have emerged due to frequent use of antimalarials and have become increasingly resistant to existing antimalarial drugs, causing disastrous

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Yousif, M. A., and A. A. Adeel. "Antimalarials prescribing patterns in Gezira state: precepts and practices." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, no. 5-6 (2000): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.5-6.939.

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A longitudinal pharmacoepidemiological study on prescribing patterns of antimalarials was conducted in Gezira State, Sudan. Different core drug prescribing indicators were identified, measured and correlated. Chloroquine and quinine were the most frequently prescribed antimalaria drugs but in 44.7% of cases, the dosage was inappropriate and did not conform to standard regimens. Due to variable and unmonitored patterns of drug resistance, most medical practitioners in Sudan tend to follow their own protocols to treat severe cases of malaria rather than conforming to standard regimens. We attrib

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Ujuamala Uloma Ezeani, Penaere Theresa Osahon, and Michael Chukwudi Ezeani. "Pattern of anti-malarial drugs and artemether combination therapy adherence in an institution based medical centre, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (2020): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0437.

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The change in policy guidelines for treating uncomplicated malaria became necessary because the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and SP had deteriorated. Hence compliance is a necessity to enable effective check on malaria. This work was carried out to evaluate antimalaria drug prescription and to update its usage in line with WHO guideline on Artemeter Combination therapy in a university based medical center. We utilized descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of antimalaria prescriptions purposely carried out among male and female outpatients with mean age of 22.4±2.8 at a Unive

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Orwa, Titus Okello, Rachel Waema Mbogo, and Livingstone Serwadda Luboobi. "Multiple-Strain Malaria Infection and Its Impacts on Plasmodium falciparum Resistance to Antimalarial Therapy: A Mathematical Modelling Perspective." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2019 (June 11, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9783986.

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The emergence of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has contributed significantly to global human mortality and morbidity due to malaria infection. The impacts of multiple-strain malarial parasite infection have further generated a lot of scientific interest. In this paper, we demonstrate, using the epidemiological model, the effects of parasite resistance and competition between the strains on the dynamics and control of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The analysed model has a trivial equilibrium point which is locally asymptotically stable when the parasite’s effective reproduction num

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Afriyie, Daniel Kwame, Seth Kwabena Amponsah, Robert Antwi, Stephen Yayra Nyoagbe, and Kwasi Agyei Bugyei. "Prescribing trend of antimalarial drugs at the Ghana Police Hospital." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 04 (2015): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5578.

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Introduction: Malaria ranks among the top three leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Appropriate use of recommended antimalarial drugs is vital in the effective management of malaria. Methodology: This study sought to assess the prescribing trend of antimalarial drugs at the Ghana Police Hospital. Antimalarial drug prescribing trends from 3,127 patient cards were assessed at the pharmacy unit of the hospital between December 2012 and May 2013 using modified World Health Organization rational drug prescribing indicators. Results: Of the 6,697 drugs assessed from th

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Krishnaswamy, Savitha. "Potent future antimalarials from Indian indigenous plants: a systematic review." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 12 (2019): 5364. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195500.

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Malaria has a global impact due to development of resistance against the frontline anti-malarial drugs which include artemisinin and its derivatives. According to the ancient Indian system of medicine, the Ayurveda, several Indian indigenous plants have been used for treating various ailments. The use of Indian indigenous plants for treatment of malaria is proving to be quite effective and also offers as a cheaper alternative. The purpose of this review is to obtain knowledge about the different Indian indigenous plants that have antimalarial and antiplasmodial biological activities. Literatur

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Bitta, Mary A., Symon M. Kariuki, Clifford Mwita, Samson Gwer, Leah Mwai, and Charles R. J. C. Newton. "Antimalarial drugs and the prevalence of mental and neurological manifestations: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Wellcome Open Research 2 (February 20, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10658.1.

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Background: Antimalarial drugs affect the central nervous system, but it is difficult to differentiate the effect of these drugs from that of the malaria illness. We conducted a systematic review to determine the association between anti-malarial drugs and mental and neurological impairment in humans. Methods: We systematically searched online databases, including Medline/PubMed, PsychoInfo, and Embase, for articles published up to 14th July 2016. Pooled prevalence, heterogeneity and factors associated with prevalence of mental and neurological manifestations were determined using meta-analyti

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Bitta, Mary A., Symon M. Kariuki, Clifford Mwita, Samson Gwer, Leah Mwai, and Charles R. J. C. Newton. "Antimalarial drugs and the prevalence of mental and neurological manifestations: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Wellcome Open Research 2 (June 2, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10658.2.

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Background: Antimalarial drugs affect the central nervous system, but it is difficult to differentiate the effect of these drugs from that of the malaria illness. We conducted a systematic review to determine the association between anti-malarial drugs and mental and neurological impairment in humans. Methods: We systematically searched online databases, including Medline/PubMed, PsychoInfo, and Embase, for articles published up to 14th July 2016. Pooled prevalence, heterogeneity and factors associated with prevalence of mental and neurological manifestations were determined using meta-analyti

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Sá, Juliana M., Jason L. Chong, and Thomas E. Wellems. "Malaria drug resistance: new observations and developments." Essays in Biochemistry 51 (October 24, 2011): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510137.

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Drug-resistant micro-organisms became widespread in the 20th Century, often with devastating consequences, in response to widespread use of natural and synthetic drugs against infectious diseases. Antimalarial resistance provides one of the earliest examples, following the introduction of new medicines that filled important needs for prophylaxis and treatment around the globe. In the present chapter, we offer a brief synopsis of major antimalarial developments from two natural remedies, the qinghaosu and cinchona bark infusions, and of synthetic drugs inspired by the active components of these

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Alven, Sibusiso, and Blessing Aderibigbe. "Combination Therapy Strategies for the Treatment of Malaria." Molecules 24, no. 19 (2019): 3601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193601.

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Malaria is a vector- and blood-borne infection that is responsible for a large number of deaths around the world. Most of the currently used antimalarial therapeutics suffer from drug resistance. The other limitations associated with the currently used antimalarial drugs are poor drug bioavailability, drug toxicity, and poor water solubility. Combination therapy is one of the best approaches that is currently used to treat malaria, whereby two or more therapeutic agents are combined. Different combination therapy strategies are used to overcome the aforementioned limitations. This review artic

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Morozova, L. F., A. V. Kondrashin, E. V. Stepanova, et al. "In vivo effectiveness of the inhibitors of telomerase against malaria parasites." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 4 (2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-4-127-132.

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One of the most dangerous causative agents of malaria is Plasmodium falciparum, transmitted by various Anopheline mosquitoes. Due to widespread drug resistance to practically all antimalarials, novel and effective drugs to manage this important disease are urgently required. In this study we evaluated the antimalarial activity of a series of 14 compounds from the inhibitors of the telomerase group. For in vivo studies we used P. berghei strain NK 65 in white unbread mice. The most antimalarial activity was shown by Imatinib, Phosphazide and Imetelstat. We found that Imatinib is the most potent

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E, Hempelmann. "Plant-Derived Drugs in Malaria Treatment." Journal of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics 4, no. 1 (2018): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/jpt.v4i1.1188.

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Every year 880,000 people are killed by malaria, mostof them children in impoverished regions of the worldlacking adequate medical care. While many preventativemeasures, such as mosquito nets have decreased theincidence of malaria, once the disease is contracted,it must be treated. Many plasmodial species havedeveloped a frightening resistance to antimalarial agents,making the search for new, effective antimalarial agentsan urgent priority of global importance.

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Phillips, R. S. "Current Status of Malaria and Potential for Control." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 1 (2001): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.1.208-226.2001.

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SUMMARY Malaria remains one of the world's worst health problems with 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually; these deaths are primarily among children under 5 years of age and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Of significance, more people are dying from malaria today than 30 years ago. This review considers the factors which have contributed to this gloomy picture, including those which relate to the vector, the female anopheline mosquito; to human activity such as creating new mosquito breeding sites, the impact of increased numbers of people, and how their migratory behavior can increase th

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Yadav, Dharmendra K., Surendra Kumar, Mahesh K. Teli, Ravikant Yadav, and Sandeep Chaudhary. "Molecular Targets for Malarial Chemotherapy: A Review." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 10 (2019): 861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190603080000.

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The malaria parasite resistance to the existing drugs is a serious problem to the currently used antimalarials and, thus, highlights the urgent need to develop new and effective anti-malarial molecules. This could be achieved either by the identification of the new drugs for the validated targets or by further refining/improving the existing antimalarials; or by combining previously effective agents with new/existing drugs to have a synergistic effect that counters parasite resistance; or by identifying novel targets for the malarial chemotherapy. In this review article, a comprehensive collec

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Mylne, Joshua S., and Keith A. Stubbs. "Antimalarial Drugs as Inspiration for Herbicides." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 5 (2020): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_oct_05.

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In addition to good stewardship, the unabated rise in herbicide resistance and dearth of truly new herbicides demands that new molecules be found. Over 30 years ago, a chloroplast-like organelle was found in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and herbicides demonstrated a close relationship existed to plants. Recently this idea was turned on its head by exploiting the boom in malaria research to search for new herbicide chemistry and it provided interesting starting points for development. The merit of such an approach is underlined by tetflupyrolimet, the first truly novel herbicide

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Moolman, Chantalle, Rencia van der Sluis, Richard M. Beteck, and Lesetja J. Legoabe. "An Update on Development of Small-Molecule Plasmodial Kinase Inhibitors." Molecules 25, no. 21 (2020): 5182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215182.

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Malaria control relies heavily on the small number of existing antimalarial drugs. However, recurring antimalarial drug resistance necessitates the continual generation of new antimalarial drugs with novel modes of action. In order to shift the focus from only controlling this disease towards elimination and eradication, next-generation antimalarial agents need to address the gaps in the malaria drug arsenal. This includes developing drugs for chemoprotection, treating severe malaria and blocking transmission. Plasmodial kinases are promising targets for next-generation antimalarial drug devel

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Okoro, Roland Nnaemeka, and Muslim Olakunle Jamiu. "The Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Use of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy for Treatment of Malaria Infection at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2025858.

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In 2005, Nigeria changed its antimalarial drug policy to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of malaria infection, and it is imperative for prescribers to strictly comply with this guideline to harmonize malaria management practices within the country. This study aims to evaluate prescribers’ adherence with the National Antimalarial Treatment Guideline (NATG) in the treatment of malaria infections and to describe the determinants of antimalarial drugs coprescription with antibiotics at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. A cross-sectional, retrospective study of antima

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de Sousa, Ana Carolina C., Keletso Maepa, Jill M. Combrinck, and Timothy J. Egan. "Lapatinib, Nilotinib and Lomitapide Inhibit Haemozoin Formation in Malaria Parasites." Molecules 25, no. 7 (2020): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071571.

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With the continued loss of antimalarials to resistance, drug repositioning may have a role in maximising efficiency and accelerating the discovery of new antimalarial drugs. Bayesian statistics was previously used as a tool to virtually screen USFDA approved drugs for predicted β-haematin (synthetic haemozoin) inhibition and in vitro antimalarial activity. Here, we report the experimental evaluation of nine of the highest ranked drugs, confirming the accuracy of the model by showing an overall 93% hit rate. Lapatinib, nilotinib, and lomitapide showed the best activity for inhibition of β-haema

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Zothantluanga, James H. "Ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry-based review on the antimalarial potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd." Science Vision 20, no. 4 (2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.20.04.02.

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A protozoan infection called malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. In 2018, it infected more than 228 million people and caused 405,000 fatalities. Worryingly, the present antimalarial drugs had developed drug resistance. Furthermore, they are associated with adverse effects and price issues. Amidst the gloomy scenario, drug discovery based on natural products had renewed the hope to overcome the burdens associated with the present antimalarial drugs. Auspiciously, medicinal plants had contributed significantly to the modern pharmacotherapy of malaria. Interestingly, Acacia pennata (L.) W

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Wicht, Kathryn J., Sachel Mok, and David A. Fidock. "Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria." Annual Review of Microbiology 74, no. 1 (2020): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115546.

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Understanding and controlling the spread of antimalarial resistance, particularly to artemisinin and its partner drugs, is a top priority. Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to chloroquine, amodiaquine, or piperaquine harbor mutations in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT), a transporter resident on the digestive vacuole membrane that in its variant forms can transport these weak-base 4-aminoquinoline drugs out of this acidic organelle, thus preventing these drugs from binding heme and inhibiting its detoxification. The structure of PfCRT, solved by cryogenic el

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Van Tyne, Daria, Alessandro D. Uboldi, Julie Healer, Alan F. Cowman, and Dyann F. Wirth. "Modulation of PF10_0355 (MSPDBL2) Alters Plasmodium falciparum Response to Antimalarial Drugs." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 7 (2013): 2937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02574-12.

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ABSTRACTMalaria's ability to rapidly adapt to new drugs has allowed it to remain one of the most devastating infectious diseases of humans. Understanding and tracking the genetic basis of these adaptations are critical to the success of treatment and intervention strategies. The novel antimalarial resistance locusPF10_0355(Pfmspdbl2) was previously associated with the parasite response to halofantrine, and functional validation confirmed that overexpression of this gene lowered parasite sensitivity to both halofantrine and the structurally related antimalarials mefloquine and lumefantrine, pre

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Gidebo, K. D., Thandisizwe Redford Mavundla, and T. E. Masango. "FACTORS INFLUENCING MALARIA TREATMENT AND PATIENT ADHERENCE TO ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 16, no. 2 (2015): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/39.

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In Ethiopia the health system is underdeveloped and much of the rural population has limited access to modern health services. The Ethiopian government introduced the Health Extension Program which is a community-based health care delivery system aimed at accessing essential health services such as malaria treatment through its health extension workers (HEWs). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors influencing malaria treatment practice of health extension workers (HEWs) and patient adherence to antimalarial drugs. A qualitative research design that is explorative and descriptive

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Martí Coma-Cros, Elisabet, Arnau Biosca, Joana Marques, et al. "Polyamidoamine Nanoparticles for the Oral Administration of Antimalarial Drugs." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040225.

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Current strategies for the mass administration of antimalarial drugs demand oral formulations to target the asexual Plasmodium stages in the peripheral bloodstream, whereas recommendations for future interventions stress the importance of also targeting the transmission stages of the parasite as it passes between humans and mosquitoes. Orally administered polyamidoamine (PAA) nanoparticles conjugated to chloroquine reached the blood circulation and cured Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice, slightly improving the activity of the free drug and inducing in the animals immunity against malaria. Liqui

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Alam, Asrar. "Serine Proteases of Malaria ParasitePlasmodium falciparum: Potential as Antimalarial Drug Targets." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/453186.

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Malaria is a major global parasitic disease and a cause of enormous mortality and morbidity. Widespread drug resistance against currently available antimalarials warrants the identification of novel drug targets and development of new drugs. Malarial proteases are a group of molecules that serve as potential drug targets because of their essentiality for parasite life cycle stages and feasibility of designing specific inhibitors against them. Proteases belonging to various mechanistic classes are found inP. falciparum, of which serine proteases are of particular interest due to their involveme

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Wadi, Ishan, Mahendra Nath, Anupkumar R. Anvikar, Pargat Singh, and Abhinav Sinha. "Recent advances in transmission-blocking drugs for malaria elimination." Future Medicinal Chemistry 11, no. 23 (2019): 3047–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2019-0225.

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The scientific community worldwide has realized that malaria elimination will not be possible without development of safe and effective transmission-blocking interventions. Primaquine, the only WHO recommended transmission-blocking drug, is not extensively utilized because of the toxicity issues in G6PD deficient individuals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic interventions that can target malaria parasites and effectively block transmission. But at first, it is imperative to unravel the existing portfolio of transmission-blocking drugs. This review highlights tran

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Cowell, Annie N., and Elizabeth A. Winzeler. "The genomic architecture of antimalarial drug resistance." Briefings in Functional Genomics 18, no. 5 (2019): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz008.

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Abstract Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, the two protozoan parasite species that cause the majority of cases of human malaria, have developed resistance to nearly all known antimalarials. The ability of malaria parasites to develop resistance is primarily due to the high numbers of parasites in the infected person’s bloodstream during the asexual blood stage of infection in conjunction with the mutability of their genomes. Identifying the genetic mutations that mediate antimalarial resistance has deepened our understanding of how the parasites evade our treatments and reveals molec

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Songsungthong, Warangkhana, Supasak Kulawonganunchai, Alisa Wilantho, et al. "The Plasmodium berghei RC strain is highly diverged and harbors putatively novel drug resistance variants." PeerJ 5 (October 5, 2017): e3766. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3766.

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Background The current first line drugs for treating uncomplicated malaria are artemisinin (ART) combination therapies. However, Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to ART and partner drugs are spreading, which threatens malaria control efforts. Rodent malaria species are useful models for understanding antimalarial resistance, in particular genetic variants responsible for cross resistance to different compounds. Methods The Plasmodium berghei RC strain (PbRC) is described as resistant to different antimalarials, including chloroquine (CQ) and ART. In an attempt to identify the genetic

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Fonte, Mélanie, Natália Tassi, Paula Gomes, and Cátia Teixeira. "Acridine-Based Antimalarials—From the Very First Synthetic Antimalarial to Recent Developments." Molecules 26, no. 3 (2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030600.

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Malaria is among the deadliest infectious diseases in the world caused by Plasmodium parasites. Due to the high complexity of the parasite’s life cycle, we partly depend on antimalarial drugs to fight this disease. However, the emergence of resistance, mainly by Plasmodium falciparum, has dethroned most of the antimalarials developed to date. Given recent reports of resistance to artemisinin combination therapies, first-line treatment currently recommended by the World Health Organization, in Western Cambodia and across the Greater Mekong sub-region, it seems very likely that artemisinin and i

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Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Arun Chantra, Julie A. Simpson, et al. "Therapeutic Responses to Different Antimalarial Drugs in Vivax Malaria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 6 (2000): 1680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.6.1680-1685.2000.

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ABSTRACT The therapeutic responses to the eight most widely used antimalarial drugs were assessed in 207 adult patients withPlasmodium vivax malaria. This parasite does not cause marked sequestration, so parasite clearance can be used as a direct measure of antimalarial activity. The activities of these drugs in descending order were artesunate, artemether, chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, halofantrine, primaquine, and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PS). Therapeutic responses to PS were poor; parasitemias did not clear in 5 of the 12 PS-treated patients, whereas all the other patients made an ini

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Hu, Xin-Liang, Chuan Gao, Zhi Xu, Ming-Liang Liu, Lian-Shun Feng, and Guang-De Zhang. "Recent Development of Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Antiplasmodial and Antimalarial Agents." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 2 (2018): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666171215101158.

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Malaria still remains one of the leading deadliest diseases throughout the world, leading to around 1 million deaths annually. The emergence and spread of growing resistance to the firstline antimalarials are an alarming the serious problem in malaria control, demanding the need for new drugs more potent than earlier with improved Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) profiles. Coumarins, which exhibited various biological properties, also displayed potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activities. Moreover, many of coumarin derivatives have already be

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Hershko, C., EN Theanacho, DT Spira, HH Peter, P. Dobbin, and RC Hider. "The effect of N-alkyl modification on the antimalarial activity of 3- hydroxypyridin-4-one oral iron chelators." Blood 77, no. 3 (1991): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.3.637.637.

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Abstract The antimalaria effect of iron chelators is attributed to their interaction with a labile iron pool within parasitised erythrocytes, and it was postulated that increased affinity to iron as well as increased lipophilicity may improve antimalarial activity. In the present study we have examined the antimalarial effect of 3- hydroxypyridin-4-ones, a family of bidentate orally effective iron chelators whose lipophilicity may be modified by altering the length of the R2 substituent on the ring nitrogen. A significant dose-related suppression of Plasmodium falciparum cultures was observed

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Hershko, C., EN Theanacho, DT Spira, HH Peter, P. Dobbin, and RC Hider. "The effect of N-alkyl modification on the antimalarial activity of 3- hydroxypyridin-4-one oral iron chelators." Blood 77, no. 3 (1991): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.3.637.bloodjournal773637.

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The antimalaria effect of iron chelators is attributed to their interaction with a labile iron pool within parasitised erythrocytes, and it was postulated that increased affinity to iron as well as increased lipophilicity may improve antimalarial activity. In the present study we have examined the antimalarial effect of 3- hydroxypyridin-4-ones, a family of bidentate orally effective iron chelators whose lipophilicity may be modified by altering the length of the R2 substituent on the ring nitrogen. A significant dose-related suppression of Plasmodium falciparum cultures was observed with all

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Amelo, Wote, and Eyasu Makonnen. "Efforts Made to Eliminate Drug-Resistant Malaria and Its Challenges." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539544.

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Since 2000, a good deal of progress has been made in malaria control. However, there is still an unacceptably high burden of the disease and numerous challenges limiting advancement towards its elimination and ultimate eradication. Among the challenges is the antimalarial drug resistance, which has been documented for almost all antimalarial drugs in current use. As a result, the malaria research community is working on the modification of existing treatments as well as the discovery and development of new drugs to counter the resistance challenges. To this effect, many products are in the pip

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Kondrashin, A. V., E. V. Stepanova, L. F. Morozova, et al. "Artemether and imatinib combination therapy against malaria infection." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 1 (2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-139-143.

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Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first and second line of treatment for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum, as well as for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax malaria. Despite the large number of antimalarial drugs, there is no any ideal drug, since each individual combination of drugs or monotherapy have their own limitations, ranging from their triple (activity) in relation to certain forms of the development of Plasmodium in the human body, side effects, toxicity and resistance. During the course of the study carr

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Draper, Michael P., Beena Bhatia, Haregewein Assefa, et al. "In VitroandIn VivoAntimalarial Efficacies of Optimized Tetracyclines." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 7 (2013): 3131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00451-13.

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ABSTRACTWith increasing resistance to existing antimalarials, there is an urgent need to discover new drugs at affordable prices for countries in which malaria is endemic. One approach to the development of new antimalarial drugs is to improve upon existing antimalarial agents, such as the tetracyclines. Tetracyclines exhibit potent, albeit relatively slow, action against malaria parasites, and doxycycline is used for both treatment (with other agents) and prevention of malaria. We synthesized 18 novel 7-position modified tetracycline derivatives and screened them for activity against cultured

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Oteng, Gideon, Ernest Kenu, Delia Bandoh, Priscillia Nortey, and Edwin Afari. "Compliance with the WHO strategy of test, treat and track for malaria control at Bosomtwi District in Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.7.

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Background: We reviewed malaria morbidity data to assess compliance to malaria T3 strategy in Bosomtwi District, Ashanti Region, Ghana.Design: The study was descriptive secondary data analysisSetting: Bosomtwi DistrictData source: District Health Information Management Systems (DHIMS2)Main outcome: Proportion of recorded cases tested, proportion of tested cases treated and proportion of cases trackedResults: Data for suspected and tested malaria cases was complete for only 3 years (2014-2016). Malaria testing reduced from 84.4% in 2015 to 76.8% in 2016 (national average 77.3%; regional average

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Sunitha G N, Satyavati Dulipala D, and Girish Gudi. "Effect of ritonavir on pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drug combinations in rats." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2019): 2477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1497.

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The current treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients coinfected with malaria involves the coadministration of antimalarial and antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends artemisinin-based therapy for malaria that usually consists of artemether, artesunate or dihydroartemisinin with non-artemisinin derivatives such as amodiaquine, lumefantrine and mefloquine. Protease inhibitors (PI) such as ritonavir contribute to the improved health of HIV-positive individuals, and the inclusion of ritonavir in antiretroviral regimens is common in clinical prac

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Obonti, Anika Tabassum, Safaet Alam, Taslima Binte Kamal, et al. "Prospective Plants with Corroborated Antimalarial Actions: A Review." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24, no. 2 (2021): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v24i2.54716.

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Malaria is a serious illness resulted from parasites that are communicated to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is still in a worrying trend, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates although it is curable and preventable. In spite of a noteworthy abetment in incidence and death rates caused by malaria, even in 2017, a big number of people (219 million) have been affected by it along with 435 thousand confirmed death cases. Though a lot of synthetic drugs have been commercialized to treat malaria, those are compromised with some serious side eff

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White, Nicholas. "Antimalarial drug resistance and combination chemotherapy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1384 (1999): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0426.

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Antimarial drug resistance develops when spontaneously occurring parasite mutants with reduced susceptibility are selected, and are then transmitted. Drugs for which a single point mutation confers a marked reduction in susceptibility are particularly vulnerable. Low clearance and a shallow concentration–effect relationship increase the chance of selection. Use of combinations of antimalarials that do not share the same resistance mechanisms will reduce the chance of selection because the chance of a resistant mutant surviving is the product of the per parasite mutation rates for the individua

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Allman, Erik L., Heather J. Painter, Jasmeet Samra, Manuela Carrasquilla, and Manuel Llinás. "Metabolomic Profiling of the Malaria Box Reveals Antimalarial Target Pathways." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 11 (2016): 6635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01224-16.

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ABSTRACTThe threat of widespread drug resistance to frontline antimalarials has renewed the urgency for identifying inexpensive chemotherapeutic compounds that are effective againstPlasmodium falciparum, the parasite species responsible for the greatest number of malaria-related deaths worldwide. To aid in the fight against malaria, a recent extensive screening campaign has generated thousands of lead compounds with low micromolar activity against blood stage parasites. A subset of these leads has been compiled by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) into a collection of structurally divers

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Ateacha, Derick N., Christopher Kuhlmann, and Carsten Engelhard. "Rapid screening of antimalarial drugs using low-temperature plasma desorption/ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 11, no. 5 (2019): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02538j.

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OSADCHY, ALLA, THIRUKUMARAN RATNAPALAN, and GIDEON KOREN. "Ocular Toxicity in Children Exposedin Uteroto Antimalarial Drugs: Review of the Literature." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 12 (2011): 2504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110686.

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Objective.The antimalarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used for decades to treat rheumatic diseases. CQ is still beneficial for the management of malaria during pregnancy. A growing body of research suggests that antimalarials are safe during pregnancy. There have been concerns about adverse longterm effects, mainly retinal toxicity, in offspring of women exposed to antimalarials during pregnancy. Our objective was to review the published evidence on safety of antimalarials during pregnancy, focusing on ocular toxicity in the offspring.Methods.Ovid Medline, Em

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Strangward, Patrick, Michael J. Haley, Manuel G. Albornoz, et al. "Targeting the IL33–NLRP3 axis improves therapy for experimental cerebral malaria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 28 (2018): 7404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801737115.

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Cerebral malaria (CM) is a serious neurological complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Currently, the only treatment for CM is the provision of antimalarial drugs; however, such treatment by itself often fails to prevent death or development of neurological sequelae. To identify potential improved treatments for CM, we performed a nonbiased whole-brain transcriptomic time-course analysis of antimalarial drug chemotherapy of murine experimental CM (ECM). Bioinformatics analyses revealed IL33 as a critical regulator of neuroinflammation and cerebral pathology that is down-regula

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Tobón-Castaño, Alberto, Luisa Garcés-Murillo, Alexandra Ríos-Orrego, et al. "Artemeter-Lumefantrine therapeutic efficacy, safety and plasma levels in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria from the Colombian Pacific región." Infectio 22, no. 4 (2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.22354/in.v22i4.738.

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Introduction: In Colombia, the published studies for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with Artemether-Lumefantrine are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of this combination.Methods: A clinical trial was performed in adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria using the 28-day World Health Organization validated protocol. Patients received supervised antimalarial treatment and the primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical and parasitological response. Safety was assessed through adverse events surveillance a

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Cravo, Pedro, Richard Culleton, Paul Hunt, David Walliker, and Margaret J. Mackinnon. "Antimalarial Drugs Clear Resistant Parasites from Partially Immune Hosts." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 10 (2001): 2897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.10.2897-2901.2001.

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ABSTRACT Circumstantial evidence in human malaria suggests that elimination of parasites by drug treatment meets higher success rates in individuals having some background immunity. In this study, using the rodent malaria model Plasmodium chabaudi, we show that drug-resistant parasites can be cleared by drugs when the host is partially immune.

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Ajonina, Marcelus U., Kenric B. Ware, Deodata B. Ngonga, Raphael A. Abong, Carine K. Nfor, and Tobias O. Apinjoh. "Malaria Perceptions among Medicine Vendors in Buea Community: An Assessment of Knowledge of Malaria and Conditions of Antimalarial Drug Dispensing." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 10, no. 3 (2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v10i3.1381.

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Background: Lack of knowledge of rational use of antimalarial drugs among medicine vendors is a serious problem, notably in areas of intense transmission. These misunderstandings increase the risks of resistance and adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to assess knowledge of malaria and environments wherein medicine vendors dispense antimalarials in the Buea community. Methods: Administration of a community-based cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 140 medicine vendors living within the Buea community occurred between March and June 2017. The survey sought to obtain informat

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