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Journal articles on the topic 'Malaria – Gene therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Rodrigues, Mauricio M., and Irene S. Soares. "Gene-therapy for malaria prevention." Trends in Parasitology 30, no. 11 (2014): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2014.09.005.

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Shehzad, Raafay. "Gene Therapy: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Malaria." University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 8, no. 2 (2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v8i2.3651.

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    Malaria is a serious illness caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which places approximately 3.5 billion people at risk. Currently, preventative measures are key in combatting this disease. However, gene therapy is an emerging field that shows promising results for the treatment of malaria, by modifying cells through the delivery of genetic material. Most notable was the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, which not only allows deleterious mutations to be repaired, but does so with specificity, speed, and simplicity. There are numerous ongoing trials focusing on gene therapy in

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Zhang, De-Liang, Jian Wu, Binal N. Shah, et al. "Erythrocytic ferroportin reduces intracellular iron accumulation, hemolysis, and malaria risk." Science 359, no. 6383 (2018): 1520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2022.

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Malaria parasites invade red blood cells (RBCs), consume copious amounts of hemoglobin, and severely disrupt iron regulation in humans. Anemia often accompanies malaria disease; however, iron supplementation therapy inexplicably exacerbates malarial infections. Here we found that the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) was highly abundant in RBCs, and iron supplementation suppressed its activity. Conditional deletion of the Fpn gene in erythroid cells resulted in accumulation of excess intracellular iron, cellular damage, hemolysis, and increased fatality in malaria-infected mice. In humans, a pre

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Osman Mirghani, Hyder, Nasser Mansour M Alatawi, Mazan Turki M Alenzi, et al. "Association between Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria: A Systematic Review of Previous Literature." Saudi Medical Horizons Journal 3, no. 3 (2023): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54293/smhj.v3i3.82.

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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary illness that is prevalent in malaria-prone locations. In these endemic locations, it has historically been linked to high rates of childhood death. This shows that SCD patients with malaria should start effective anti-malarial medication very away. Proguanil was a suitable chemoprophylaxis treatment for these individuals to reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitization and avoid malaria. Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) has also demonstrated significant promise in lowering malaria and anemia incidenc

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Ummukulsum Mustapha, Ado Shehu, Attahir Sa’ad Ayuba, et al. "Prevalence of multi drug resistance malaria among patients aged 0 – 14 years attending murtala muhammad specialist hospital Kano State, Nigeria." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 6, no. 2 (2023): 037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0089.

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The Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) is a molecular marker of parasite susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs. This study aimed to evaluate multidrug resistance resistance gene 1 (MDR1) mutation in 0-14years old malaria patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Samples from 100 children with malaria were examined to confirm the malaria parasite density and further genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of two SNPs in pfmdr1on samples with high and moderate parasite densities. All data were analyzed using P

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Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo, Daouda Ndiaye, Hiasindh Ashmi Antony, et al. "Status of Artemisinin Resistance in Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum from Molecular Analyses of the Kelch13 Gene in Southwestern Nigeria." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 3, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2305062.

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Evolution and spread of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum capable of evading antimalarials are the prime concern to malaria control. The currently effective drug, artemisinin (ART), is under threat due to detection of ART-resistant P. falciparum parasites in the Southeast Asian countries. It has been shown that amino acid (AA) mutations at the P. falciparum Kelch13 (Pfk13) gene provide resistance to ART. Nigeria, a part of the Sub-Saharan Africa, is highly endemic to malaria, contributing quite significantly to malaria, and resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP)

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Sinha, Swati, Supriya Sharma, Kuldeep Singh, et al. "Efficacy and safety of Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria across international borders of India." Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 61, no. 1 (2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-9062.392254.

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Background & objectives: Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) remains a major public threat in India. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been the country’s first-line drug for uncomplicated Pf malaria. In 2013-2014, Artesunate plus sulfadoxine (AS+SP) was replaced by Artemether Lumefantrine (AL) as the first- line antimalarial in North East (NE) states of the country which are endemic for Pf malaria. Regular monitoring of antimalarial drugs is of utmost importance to achieve the goal of elimination. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ACT for treating un

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Suwandi, Jhons Fatriyadi, Betta Kurniawan, Hanna Mutiara, and Aila Karyus. "PfCRT GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ISOLATES FROM MALARIA PATIENTS IN MALARIA ENDEMIC AREAS USING ACT AS STANDARD THERAPY." Majalah Kedokteran Sriwijaya 54, no. 1 (2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/mks.v54i1.15137.

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The pfcrt gene is a biomarker to determine the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and amodiaquine. When chloroquine was switched to ACT, it is very likely that there will be an increase in wild type strains (pfcrt K76) due to the absence of exposure to chloroquine. Currently chloroquine has not used for malaria treatment. The aims of this study were to identify polymorphisms in the pfcrt gene and phylogenetic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from malaria patients in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. This research is a laboratory research by analyzing blood samples

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Shittu, Khadijah Abubakar, Ummukulsum Mustapha, Zainab Ummi Mansur, and Abdullahi Abdulkadir Imam. "Detection of Multidrug Resistance Gene 1 (MDR1) Mutation from <i>Plasmodium Falciparum</i> Isolated from some Patients in Kano Metropolis." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1b (2025): 112–25. https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v11i1b.13.

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It has been suspected that the diminishing efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies, which are presently the primary therapy for malaria globally, is causing people most especially in northern Nigeria to resort to using alternative antimalarials. To bolster evidence- based strategies for managing resistance, Scientists studied mutations linked to antimalarial resistance in the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum. The study involved the recruitment of one hundred adult malaria patients. Blood samples were examined via microscopy to ascertain the presence of the malaria parasite. The

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Zubair, Abdulhamid Abubakar, Gabriel Adegboyega Ajibade, Ali Ahmed Haroun, et al. "Molecular Surveillance of Artemisinin Combination Therapy Resistance Markers in Kelch13 Gene of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Collected From Yobe State Nigeria." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 11, no. 2 (2024): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.3524.

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Background: Despite the discovery of artemisinin and artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs), resistance emerged due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the Kelch13 propeller domain of Plasmodium falciparum; the predominant parasite causing malaria. This research aimed at surveying the gene responsible for reduced parasite clearance of the first-line antimalarial ACT in Yobe State, Nigeria. Methods: This study analyzed the blood samples of 300 patients (18-50 years) from 3 different hospitals in Yobe State for malaria using a rapid diagnostic test (malarial strip test). The Giemsa mi

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Magro, Paola, Ilaria Izzo, Barbara Saccani, et al. "A strange case of Malaria in a Nigerian native boy." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (2017): e2017023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2017.023.

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The protective role of SCT in malaria endemic areas has been proved and prevalence of HbS gene in malaria endemic areas is high. Splenic infarction is a well-known complication of SCT, rarely associated with malaria. A Nigerian boy was admitted to our ward after returning from his country of origin, for P. falciparum malaria. He underwent abdominal US for upper right abdominal pain, showing cholecystitis and multiple splenic abscesses. Empiric antibiotic therapy was undertaken. Bartonella, Echinococcus, Entamoeba serologies, blood cultures, Quantiferon test, coproparasitologic exam were negati

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Iwuafor, A. A., G. I. Ogban, U. E. Emanghe, et al. "Artemisinin drug resistance and monitoring: a narrative review." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 24, no. 2 (2023): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.1.

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Artemisinin drug resistance is one of the major reasons for malaria treatment failures in the sub-Saharan African countries where artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. The occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is found to correlate with antimalarial drug resistance. With artemisinin, the SNPs occurs at the Kelch 13-propeller gene locus on chromosome 13. The artemisinin drug resistance surveillance strategy involves continuous monitoring of Kelch 13-propeller biomarker to detect emergence of mutations which could herald

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Santos, Thalita Grazielly, Thatiane Danielly Santos, Nilton Nascimento dos Santos Junior, et al. "Origem da Relação entre Malária e Anemia Falciforme / Origin of the Relationship Between Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia." ID on line. Revista de psicologia 16, no. 61 (2022): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v16i61.3516.

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Resumo: A malária é uma doença tropical e parasitária que mais causa impasses sociais e econômicos em todo o mundo, sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública. É causada pelo protozoário do gênero Plasmodium, sendo três espécies os de maiores ocorrências e transmitida pelo mosquito Anopheles. A anemia falciforme é uma doença sanguínea causada por uma mutação de ponto que permite a formação de uma proteína truncada, a hemoglobina S. Os indivíduos afetados são homozigotos e como consequência fenotípica tem-se o aparecimento de hemácias no formato de foice. O objetivo da revisão narrativa é r

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Das, Sabyasachi, Subhankar Manna, Bhaskar Saha, Amiya Kumar Hati, and Somenath Roy. "Novel pfkelch13 Gene Polymorphism Associates With Artemisinin Resistance in Eastern India." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 7 (2018): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1038.

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Abstract Background Artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASSP) is the frontline artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in India. Random, irrational, subtherapeutic artemisinin doses and self-medication with ACT along with predominance of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance parasite invoked a strong possibility of emerging artemisinin-resistant malaria parasites. Methods This study involved 226 patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection who had successfully completed the 42 days follow-up after ASSP combination therapy from April 2014 to January 2016. We assessed the ASSP trea

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Lefterova, Martina I., Indre Budvytiene, Johanna Sandlund, Anna Färnert, and Niaz Banaei. "Simple Real-Time PCR and Amplicon Sequencing Method for Identification of Plasmodium Species in Human Whole Blood." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 7 (2015): 2251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00542-15.

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Malaria is the leading identifiable cause of fever in returning travelers. AccuratePlasmodiumspecies identification has therapy implications forP. vivaxandP. ovale, which have dormant liver stages requiring primaquine. Compared to microscopy, nucleic acid tests have improved specificity for species identification and higher sensitivity for mixed infections. Here, we describe a SYBR green-based real-time PCR assay forPlasmodiumspecies identification from whole blood, which uses a panel of reactions to detect species-specific non-18S rRNA gene targets. A pan-Plasmodium18S rRNA target is also amp

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Baba, Coulibaly, Aristide Berenger Ako, Serge Brice Assi, et al. "Evaluating the Genetic Landscape of (Plasmodium falciparum) PfKelch13 Gene Polymorphisms in Côte d'Ivoire Following a Decade of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy." Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 16, no. 11 (2024): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i11417.

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Introduction: Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the mainstay of malaria treatment globally. However, their effectiveness is threatened by the emergence of resistance in Plasmodium falciparum (P.f), particularly in Southeast Asia (SEA). Specific mutations within the pfKelch13 gene, such as Cys-580-Tyr, Arg-539-Thr, Tyr-493-His, and Ile-543-Thr, have been strongly linked to delayed parasite clearance following ACT treatment. This study aimed to investigate polymorphisms within the pfKelch13 gene (also known as the K13-propeller or K13 gene) in four regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Côte

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Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo, Naemy Asmorom, Catherine Falade, Olusola Ojurongbe, and Bolaji N. Thomas. "High genetic and haplotype diversity in vaccine candidate Pfceltos but not Pfrh5 among malaria-infected children in Ibadan, Nigeria." PeerJ 11 (December 11, 2023): e16519. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16519.

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Malaria remains a global public health challenge. The disease has a great impact in sub-Saharan Africa among children under five years of age and pregnant women. Malaria control programs targeting the parasite and mosquitoes vectors with combinational therapy and insecticide-treated bednets are becoming obsolete due to the phenomenon of resistance, which is a challenge for reducing morbidity and mortality. Malaria vaccines would be effective alternative to the problem of parasite and insecticide resistance, but focal reports of polymorphisms in malaria candidate antigens have made it difficult

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Nesan, Sarlince Agustin, Budi Santosa, and Mudyawati Kamarudin. "Identifikasi Mutasi Gen kelch 13 Penanda Resistensi Pada Plasmodium falciparum Dengan Pengobatan ACT Setelah 3 Hari Di Manokwari Papua Barat." JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST 6, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v6i1.15840.

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Malaria is almost found all over the world, including Indonesia. WHO data on malaria case transmission in 2020, namely 241 million and 627,000 deaths. Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the main factor in the transmission of parasites, one of which is Plasmodium falciparum which is most dangerous to cause complications to death. Data from the Ministry of Health 2019 the highest transmission in Papua Province is 216,380 cases. The malaria elimination program uses ACT as a treatment therapy for malaria. The first appearance of ACT resistance in Cambodia was in 2008 to Plasmodium falciparum which wa

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Osagiede, Nicholas Osazuyi, H. C. Yayock, and J. Ndife. "MOLECULAR DETECTION OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM OBTAINED FROM OUT-PATIENTS FROM SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KADUNA STATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 1 (2022): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0601-698.

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Molecular detection of Plasmodium falciparum based on PCR amplification is generally very specific and sensitive test for determining the species of Plasmodium present in the blood of an individual than the microscopy-based diagnosis from blood smears. Thirty-two (32) microscopic malaria positive blood samples were collected from some patients between November 2013 to March 2014 from three major hospitals.Plasmodium DNA was extracted from the 32 blood samples collected from the malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopy and the DNA amplification was done by using Polymerase Chain Reacti

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Bacon, David J., Andrea M. McCollum, Sean M. Griffing, et al. "Dynamics of Malaria Drug Resistance Patterns in the Amazon Basin Region following Changes in Peruvian National Treatment Policy for Uncomplicated Malaria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 5 (2009): 2042–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01677-08.

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ABSTRACT Monitoring changes in the frequencies of drug-resistant and -sensitive genotypes can facilitate in vivo clinical trials to assess the efficacy of drugs before complete failure occurs. Peru changed its national treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria to artesunate (ART)-plus-mefloquine (MQ) combination therapy in the Amazon basin in 2001. We genotyped isolates collected in 1999 and isolates collected in 2006 to 2007 for mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes, multidrug resistance gene 1 (Pfmdr-1), the chlor

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Adamu, Al-Mukhtar Yahuza, Olayeni Stephen Olonitola, Helen Ileigo Inabo, and Ahmad Babangida Suleiman. "Detection of antimalarial drug resistance polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum found in Kano State, Nigeria." Calabar Journal of Health Sciences 5 (June 30, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_14_2020.

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Objectives: In 2018, malaria claimed an estimated 380,000 lives in African region, with Nigeria accounting for 24.0% (91,368) of malaria deaths from the region. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr-1) genes had reduced the effective use of artemisinin combination therapy through the development of resistance to these antimalarial agents. Our study set out to determine the antimalarial drug resistance polymorphisms in Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 genes of P. falciparum isolates among patients in Kano State, Nigeria. M

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Sofeu-Feugaing, David Denis, Fabrice Nkengeh Ajonglefac, Marcel Nyuylam Moyeh, et al. "Status of the Multidrug Resistance-1 Gene of Plasmodium falciparum in Four Malaria Epidemiological Strata, Two Decades after the Abolition of Chloroquine as First-Line Treatment for Uncomplicated Malaria in Cameroon." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023 (July 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6688380.

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Drug-resistant malaria parasites pose a threat to global malaria control efforts, and it is important to know the extent of these drug-resistant mutations in each region to determine appropriate control measures. Chloroquine (CQ) was widely used in Cameroon for decades, but its declining clinical efficacy due to resistance prompted health authorities in 2004 to resort to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Despite numerous efforts to control malaria, it persists, and the emergence and spread of resistance to ACTs make the developme

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Kpemasse, Augustin, Fortune Dagnon, Ramani Saliou, et al. "Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Bohicon and Kandi, Republic of Benin, 2018–2019." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no. 3 (2021): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0086.

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ABSTRACT. In 2005, artemether-lumefantrine (AL), an artemisinin-based combination therapy, was introduced as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Benin. Per World Health Organization recommendations to monitor the efficacy of antimalarial treatment, we conducted a therapeutic efficacy study with AL for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Bohicon and Kandi, Benin, from 2018 to 2019. Febrile patients aged 6 to 59 months with confirmed P. falciparum monoinfection received supervised doses of AL for 3 days. We monitored patients clinically and parasitologic

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Mairet-Khedim, Mélissa, Flore Nardella, Nimol Khim, et al. "In vitro activity of ferroquine against artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Cambodia." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 11 (2019): 3240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz340.

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Abstract Background Cambodia is the epicentre of resistance emergence for virtually all antimalarial drugs. Selection and spread of parasites resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is a major threat for malaria elimination, hence the need to renew the pool of effective treatments. Objectives To determine whether ACT resistance haplotypes could have an effect on ferroquine in vitro antimalarial activity. Methods In vitro susceptibility to ferroquine was measured for 80 isolates from Cambodia characterized for their molecular resistance profile to artemisinin, piperaquine and m

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Oléfongo, Dagnogo, Kipré Gueyraud Rolland, Ako Aristide Bérenger, Bla Kouakou Brice, Touré Offianan André, and Djaman Allico Joseph. "Predominance of Wild K13 Propeller Haplotypes in three localities of Côte d'Ivoire one decade after the adoption of Therapeutic Combinations based on Artemisinin Derivatives." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2023): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1206.010.

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Background: The emergence of P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) threatens malaria control in Africa. The monitoring of polymorphisms in molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance is essential for malaria control and elimination efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the polymorphism of the pfK13 propeller gene of P. falciparum to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in three sites in southern Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, blood samples were collected from patients of any sex and aged over 2 ye

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Teoh, Jian-peng, Kyoung-mi Park, Zuzana Broskova, et al. "Identification of gene signatures regulated by carvedilol in mouse heart." Physiological Genomics 47, no. 9 (2015): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2015.

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Chronic treatment with the β-blocker carvedilol has been shown to reduce established maladaptive left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and to improve LV function in experimental heart failure. However, the detailed mechanisms by which carvedilol improves LV failure are incompletely understood. We previously showed that carvedilol is a β-arrestin-biased β1-adrenergic receptor ligand, which activates cellular pathways in the heart independent of G protein-mediated second messenger signaling. More recently, we have demonstrated by microRNA (miR) microarray analysis that carvedilol upregulates a subset

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Acharya, Alisha, Arindam Naskar, Abhijit Chaudhury, et al. "Prevalence of polymorphisms in marker genes associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum following 10 years of artemisinin-based combination therapy implementation in urban Kolkata." Tropical Parasitology 14, no. 1 (2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tp.tp_43_23.

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Context: Resistance to antimalarial drugs is one of the major challenges for malaria elimination. In India, artemisinin combination therapy (artesunate-sulfadoxin pyrimethamine) was introduced in place of chloroquine (CQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in 2010. Periodical monitoring of polymorphisms in antimalarial drug resistance marker genes will be useful for assessing drug pressure, mapping and monitoring of drug resistance status; and will be helpful for searching alternative treatments. Objectives: This study was conducted to study the polymorphisms in antimalarial

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Ducati, Rodrigo G., Hilda A. Namanja-Magliano, Rajesh K. Harijan, et al. "Genetic resistance to purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 9 (2018): 2114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525670115.

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Plasmodium falciparum causes the most lethal form of human malaria and is a global health concern. The parasite responds to antimalarial therapies by developing drug resistance. The continuous development of new antimalarials with novel mechanisms of action is a priority for drug combination therapies. The use of transition-state analog inhibitors to block essential steps in purine salvage has been proposed as a new antimalarial approach. Mutations that reduce transition-state analog binding are also expected to reduce the essential catalytic function of the target. We have previously reported

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Nisipeanu, Brad N., and Robert Lalonde. "A Review of Anthropological Adaptations of Humans Living in Extreme Conditions and Health Implications." Human Biology 94, no. 3 (2022): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2022.a934506.

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abstract: Understanding gene variations in people living under extreme conditions has the potential of curing diseases caused by exposure to heat, cold, fatty diets, hypoxia, and pathogens. One candidate gene associated with heat resistance is ACE1 , encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 1. Associations have also been made between cold resistance or fatty diets and polymorphisms of several genes, including ACTN3 , encoding alpha-actinin-3, and CPTIA , encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A. A prominent role in resistance to hypoxia has been recognized for polymorphisms of EPAS1 , encoding

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Maiga, Hamma, Anastasia Grivoyannis, Issaka Sagara, et al. "Selection of pfcrt K76 and pfmdr1 N86 Coding Alleles after Uncomplicated Malaria Treatment by Artemether-Lumefantrine in Mali." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 6057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116057.

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Background: Artemether-lumefantrine is a highly effective artemisinin-based combination therapy that was adopted in Mali as first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study was designed to measure the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and to assess the selection of the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multi-drug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) genotypes that have been associated with drug resistance. Methods: A 28-day follow-up efficacy trial of artemether-lumefantrine was conducted in patients aged 6 months and older suffering

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Zeng, Janine, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Shaomin Yang, Shakai Pei, Qiyi Tang, and Hua Zhu. "Exploring the Potential of Cytomegalovirus-Based Vectors: A Review." Viruses 15, no. 10 (2023): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15102043.

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Viral vectors have emerged as powerful tools for delivering and expressing foreign genes, playing a pivotal role in gene therapy. Among these vectors, cytomegalovirus (CMV) stands out as a promising viral vector due to its distinctive attributes including large packaging capacity, ability to achieve superinfection, broad host range, capacity to induce CD8+ T cell responses, lack of integration into the host genome, and other qualities that make it an appealing vector candidate. Engineered attenuated CMV strains such as Towne and AD169 that have a ~15 kb genomic DNA deletion caused by virus pas

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Rouault, Tracey. "Ferroportin in Erythrocytes: Importance for Iron Homeostasis and its Role in Infection." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): SCI—27—SCI—27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121071.

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Ferroportin (FPN), the only known vertebrate iron exporter, transports iron from intestinal, splenic, and hepatic cells into the blood to provide iron to other tissues and cells in vivo. Most of the circulating iron is consumed by erythroid cells to synthesize hemoglobin. Recently, we found that erythroid cells not only consume large amounts of iron, but also return significant amounts of iron to the blood. Erythroblast-specific Fpn knockout (Fpn KO) mice developed lower serum iron levels in conjunction with tissue iron overload and increased FPN expression in spleen and liver without changing

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Humphreys, G. S., I. Merinopoulos, J. Ahmed, et al. "Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine Select Distinct Alleles of the Plasmodium falciparum mdr1 Gene in Tanzanian Children Treated for Uncomplicated Malaria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 3 (2006): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00875-06.

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ABSTRACT The artemisinin-based combination therapies artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and amodiaquine (AQ) plus artesunate have been adopted for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many African countries. Molecular markers of parasite resistance suitable for surveillance have not been established for any of the component drugs in either of these combinations. We assessed P. falciparum mdr1 (Pfmdr1) alleles present in 300 Tanzanian children presenting with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, who were enrolled in a clinical trial of antimalarial therapy. Pfmdr1 genotype analysis was also per

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de Abreu-Fernandes, Rebecca, Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira, Bianca Ervatti Gama, et al. "Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine-pfcrt Resistant Haplotypes in Brazilian Endemic Areas Four Decades after CQ Withdrawn." Pathogens 12, no. 5 (2023): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050731.

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(1) Background: Malaria is a public health problem worldwide. Despite global efforts to control it, antimalarial drug resistance remains a great challenge. In 2009, our team identified, for the first time in Brazil, chloroquine (CQ)-susceptible Plasmodium falciparum parasites in isolates from the Brazilian Amazon. The present study extends those observations to include survey samples from 2010 to 2018 from the Amazonas and Acre states for the purpose of tracking pfcrt molecular changes in P. falciparum parasites. (2) Objective: to investigate SNPs in the P. falciparum gene associated with chem

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Bierhaus, A., Ch J. Hemmer, N. Mackman та ін. "Antiparasitic Treatment of Patients with P. falciparum Malaria Reduces the Ability of Patient Serum to Induce Tissue Factor by Decreasing NF-κB Activation". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 73, № 01 (1995): 039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1653723.

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SummarySerum from patients with P. falciparum malaria at day 1 (pretherapy) induces tissue factor (TF) in cultured endothelial cells. TF induction depends on de novo transcription as shown in Nuclear Run On assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated binding of AP-1 and NF- κB/Rel proteins to their recognition sites in the TF promotor. After therapy (day 28), stimulation of TF antigen by patient serum is reduced by 70%. When serum obtained before and after therapy was compared, a decrease of NF-κB activation was evident. Activation of NF-κB-like proteins was in part dependent on

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Dokomajilar, Christian, Samuel L. Nsobya, Bryan Greenhouse, Philip J. Rosenthal, and Grant Dorsey. "Selection of Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 Alleles following Therapy with Artemether-Lumefantrine in an Area of Uganda where Malaria Is Highly Endemic." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 5 (2006): 1893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.5.1893-1895.2006.

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ABSTRACT Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 gene were assayed in pretreatment samples and in samples from patients reinfected following therapy with artemether-lumefantrine. The pfmdr1 alleles 86N, 184F, and 1246D significantly increased in prevalence after treatment. All samples had a single pfmdr1 copy. Treatment with artemether-lumefantrine selects for polymorphisms that may alter antimalarial drug response.

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Malala, Bonface Joel, Francis Makokha, Francis Kimani, and Kevin Mbogo Omolo. "Analysis of <em>Pfmdr1</em> and <em>Pfcrt drug</em> resistant markers in <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> following treatments of patients from Nyando and Mbita, Nyanza region with Artemisinin-based combination therapy." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 7, no. 3 (2024): 2025087. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025087.

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The multidrug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs is a major public health concern in the global management of malaria, especially in developing countries. As of today, malaria treatment is primarily dependent on the sustained efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Recent reports indicating decline in efficacy of ACT and artesunate monotherapy in Southeast Asia are a major threat to global malaria control achievements. Initially, mutations in Pfmdr1 were associated with chloroquine and amodiaquine resistance only, but there are now emerging field study r

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Broyles, Robert H., Visar Belegu, Austin C. Roth, et al. "Ferritin-H and a Phytotherapeutic, Alone or Combined, Reprogram RBC Precursor Cells From SCD Patients to Produce Levels of Fetal Hemoglobin That Constitute a Phenotypic Cure for Sickle Cell As Well As Providing Resistance to Malaria and a Probable Treatment for Beta-Thalassemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.903.903.

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Abstract Abstract 903 OBJECTIVE: To test the phenotypic cure we have discovered for SCD and malaria in vivo in mice and in vitro in human red blood cell precursors from SCD patients in two-phase cultures. BACKGROUND: Gene regulation of developmental hemoglobin switching provides phenotypic cures for beta thalassemias, sickle cell disease, and malaria since it is known that reactivation of fetal globin expression alleviates all these disorders. We discovered a protein that regulates this developmental switch. Ferritin heavy chain (FtH) represses adult β-globin and activates γ(fetal)-globin gene

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Odame, Isaac, and Godwin Nosakhare Bazuaye. "Transfusions, disease-modifying treatments, and curative therapies for sickle cell anemia in Africa: where are we now?" Hematology 2024, no. 1 (2024): 234–39. https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2024000550.

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Abstract The mortality burden of sickle cell anemia (SCA) is centered in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to a lack of systematic programs for early diagnosis, access to disease-modifying treatments is limited to only a few urban centers. Providing a safe and adequate blood supply is a major challenge, heightening mortality from SCA-associated complications that require urgent blood transfusion and making the delivery of regular transfusion therapy for stroke prevention nonfeasible. Hydroxyurea therapy with proven clinical benefits for pain episodes, acute chest syndrome, malaria, transfusions,

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Witmer, Kathrin, Farah A. Dahalan, Michael J. Delves, et al. "Transmission of Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria Parasites to Mosquitoes under Antimalarial Drug Pressure." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 65, no. 1 (2020): e00898-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00898-20.

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ABSTRACTResistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is threatening to reverse recent gains in reducing global deaths from malaria. While resistance manifests as delayed parasite clearance in patients, the phenotype can only spread geographically via the sexual stages and mosquito transmission. In addition to their asexual killing properties, artemisinin and its derivatives sterilize sexual male gametocytes. Whether resistant parasites overcome this sterilizing effect has not, however, been fully tested. Here, we analyzed P. falciparum clinica

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Hu, Yang. "Research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in traditional Chinese medicine." Theoretical and Natural Science 33, no. 1 (2024): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240931.

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the collective term for the medical practices of all ethnic groups in China (both Han Chinese and ethnic minorities), reflecting the Chinese understanding of life, health, and illness over thousands of years. In addition, traditional herbal medicine has demonstrated its effectiveness in treating complex diseases that have challenged modern Western medicine, such as the use of Artemisia annua extracts to treat malaria, preparations based on traditional Chinese pharmacology to combat large-scale influenza outbreaks, and herbal preparations as an adjunctive t

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Rodrigues, Louise A., Gisela Henriques, Sofia T. Borges, et al. "Experimental Evolution of Resistance to Artemisinin Combination Therapy Results in Amplification of the mdr1 Gene in a Rodent Malaria Parasite." PLoS ONE 5, no. 7 (2010): e11593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011593.

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Too, Edwin, Rahma Udu, Francis Kimani, Benard Osero, and Omar Sabah. "Effectiveness of Artemether Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine in Clearance of Gametocytes in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Tiwi Kenya." East Africa Science 4, no. 1 (2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/easci.v4i1.61.

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Background: Over 80 countries worldwide have now implemented WHO recommendations to use Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The sexual stage of P. falciparum is responsible for the transmission of malarial parasites to infectious mosquitoes. Studies on gametocytes are generally based on microscopic detection, which is not sensitive, and there is a need for more sensitive molecular techniques that can detect and quantify gametocytes at densities as low as 0.02 to 0.1 gametocytes per micro-litre. The objective of this study was to de

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Too, Edwin, Rahma Udu, Francis Kimani, Benard Osero, and Omar Sabah. "Effectiveness of Artemether Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine in Clearance of Gametocytes in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Tiwi Kenya." East Africa Science 4, no. 1 (2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/easci.v4i1.61.

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Background: Over 80 countries worldwide have now implemented WHO recommendations to use Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The sexual stage of P. falciparum is responsible for the transmission of malarial parasites to infectious mosquitoes. Studies on gametocytes are generally based on microscopic detection, which is not sensitive, and there is a need for more sensitive molecular techniques that can detect and quantify gametocytes at densities as low as 0.02 to 0.1 gametocytes per micro-litre. The objective of this study was to de

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Hortua Triana, Miryam Andrea, Daniela Cajiao Herrera, Barbara H. Zimmermann, Barbara A. Fox, and David J. Bzik. "Pyrimidine Pathway-Dependent and -Independent Functions of the Toxoplasma gondii Mitochondrial Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 10 (2016): 2974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00187-16.

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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step ofde novopyrimidine biosynthesis and is a proven drug target for inducing immunosuppression in therapy of human disease as well as a rapidly emerging drug target for treatment of malaria. InToxoplasma gondii, disruption of the first, fifth, or sixth step ofde novopyrimidine biosynthesis induced uracil auxotrophy. However, previous attempts to generate uracil auxotrophy by genetically deleting the mitochondrion-associated DHODH ofT. gondii(TgDHODH) failed. To further address the essentiality ofTgDHODH, mutant gene alleles deficient i

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Kanugo, Abhishek. "Recent Advancement of Microneedle Technique in Diagnosis and Therapy of Diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 16, no. 4 (2023): 6907–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2023.16.4.8.

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The therapeutic efficacy and safety of active ingredients are limited in several dosage forms, especially for those where the skin is the prime application area. Injectable has the potential of high efficacy and bioavailability but needle phobia, painful delivery, inflammatory response, and non-compliance make them less usable. Microneedle (MN) delivery overcomes almost all the limitations by offering painless self-administration, is highly effective, economical, avoids waste generation, and has high patient compliance. The MN technique is unique and novel for delivering all therapeutic moieti

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Sutherland, Colin J. "Genetic markers of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium spp. parasites." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 6 (2017): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170100.

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The vast majority of malaria patients worldwide are currently treated with combination therapy comprising one of the artemisinin family of drugs, characterised by rapid action and short plasma half-life, co-formulated with a longer-lasting drug from the amino aryl-alcohol or quinoline families. There is now a widely perceived threat to treatment efficacy, as reduced susceptibility to rapid artemisinin clearance in vivo has become prevalent among populations of Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion since 2008. In vitro and in vivo drug selection studies, heterologous cell expres

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Saksouk, Nehmé, Micah M. Bhatti, Sylvie Kieffer, et al. "Histone-Modifying Complexes Regulate Gene Expression Pertinent to the Differentiation of the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 23 (2005): 10301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.23.10301-10314.2005.

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ABSTRACT Pathogenic apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (malaria) have complex life cycles consisting of multiple stages. The ability to differentiate from one stage to another requires dramatic transcriptional changes, yet there is a paucity of transcription factors in these protozoa. In contrast, we show here that Toxoplasma possesses extensive chromatin remodeling machinery that modulates gene expression relevant to differentiation. We find that, as in other eukaryotes, histone acetylation and arginine methylation are marks of gene activation in Toxoplasma. We have identif

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Idowu, Abel O., Wellington A. Oyibo, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, et al. "Rare mutations in Pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum detected in clinical isolates from patients treated with anti-malarial drug in Nigeria." Malaria Journal 18, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2947-z.

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Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest causative agent of malaria, has high prevalence in Nigeria. Drug resistance causing failure of previously effective drugs has compromised anti-malarial treatment. On this basis, there is need for a proactive surveillance for resistance markers to the currently recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), for early detection of resistance before it become widespread. Methods This study assessed anti-malarial resistance genes polymorphism in patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Lagos, Nigeria. Sanger and Next Ge

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Wotodjo, Amélé Nyedzie, Mary Aigbiremo Oboh, Souleymane Doucoure, et al. "Rebound of multiple infections and prevalence of anti-malarial resistance associated markers following malaria upsurges in Dielmo village, Senegal, West Africa." Malaria Journal 22, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04694-0.

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Abstract Background Thanks to the scale up of malaria control interventions, the malaria burden in Senegal has decreased substantially to the point that the National Malaria Control Programme plans to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. To guide such efforts, measuring and monitoring parasite population evolution and anti-malarial drugs resistance is extremely important. Information on the prevalence of parasite mutations related to drug resistance can provide a first signal of emergence, introduction and selection that can help with refining drug interventions. The aim of this study was to a

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