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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malaria – immunology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Thompson, Fiona Mary. "Malaria immunology and vaccine development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67626/.

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This thesis describes work undertaken by the author at the University of Oxford. It begins by providing an introduction to malaria infection and pathophysiology, and a review of the latest attempts to produce an effective malaria vaccine. It goes on to describe the rationale behind the vaccines developed by the University of Oxford and others. A brief introduction to the process of planning and carrying out clinical trials of vaccines is then provided, and is followed by chapters describing two clinical trials, designed to test the safety, immunogenicity and then efficacy of candidate malaria

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2

Mangano, Valentina D. "Dissecting the complexity of human susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria : genetic approaches /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Wenner-Gren Institute for Experimental Biology, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8310.

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3

Israelsson, Elisabeth. "The role of antibody mediated parasite neutralization in protective immunity against malaria." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm University, Wenner-Gren Institute for Experimental Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7137.

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4

Andersson, Josefin. "Utvärdering av Malaria Antigen ELISA kit för diagnostik av malaria vid Christian Medical College and Hospital i Vellore, Indien. : en jämförande studie mellan Quantitative buffy coat och enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) metodik." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-4889.

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Malaria är ett globalt hälsoproblem som orsakar många dödsfall runt om i världen varje år och nästan hälften av jordens befolkning ligger i riskzonen att drabbas av sjukdomen. I Indien drabbas mellan 2-3 miljoner människor varje år och det inträffar omkring 900 dödsfall. Malaria orsakas av Plasmodium sp. som är en protozoe, och det finns fyra olika arter som är patogena för människor, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparium samt P. malariae. Vanliga metoder för att diagnostisera malaria är genom tunna och tjocka blodutstryk som färgas till exempel med Giemsa, Fields eller Leishmans färgningsteknik

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5

Farouk, Salah Eldin. "T cell and antibody responses in Plasmodium falciparum malaria and their relation to disease susceptibility." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-320.

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6

Othoro, Caroline. "Investigations of cellular immune mechanisms to malaria during pregnancy in a malaria holoendemic region of Western Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8597.

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Bibliography: leaves 132-155.<br>Women during pregnancy in holoendemic regions of malaria are at an increased risk for peripheral malaria infections with potential for developing placental malaria. The immunological basis of protection and pathogenesis are incompletely understood. This thesis investigates both processes. Research on maternal placental immune responses necessitates the collection of reliable placental intervillous blood; an appropriate method for placental blood collection was therefore ﬁrst determined. Five documented methods of collection (perfusion, incision, biopsy, tissue

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7

Bolad, Ahmed Kamal. "Antibody responses in Plasmodium falciparum malaria and their relation to protection against the disease." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Wenner-Grens institut, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37.

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8

Maestre, Buitrago Amanda Elena. "Immunity to malaria using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS as a model of the human malaria Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2036/.

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The role of IFN in acquisition of immunity against erythrocyte forms of P.c. chabaudi AS was studied. Inbred NIH mice given the construct 7 days before malaria infection, showed a significant delay in the onset and in the level of the recrudescent parasitaemia in comparison with controls. No differences, however, were observed in the recrudescent parasitaemia between the groups. NIH mice infected with malaria 3 days after or on the same day as the administration of the IFN construct, showed a primary peak of infection similar to controls, but the resolution of this patent parasitaemia occurred

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9

Awah, Nancy. "Studies on Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stage antigens : RAP-2/RSP-2 and Pf332 in focus." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-57255.

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The life cycle of the malaria parasite is very complex and provides a number of potential targets for vaccination. In this thesis, data on two plasmodial asexual blood stage antigens (RAP-2 and Pf332) are presented. A partial aim of the work presented herein was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the destruction of erythroid cells in anaemia, and more specifically to define the role of the rhoptry associated protein (RAP)-2 and other members of the RAP complex, RAP-1 and -3 in processes resulting in anaemia. Antibodies to the RAP complex were shown to have the potential to mediate t

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10

Weber, Grace E. "Memory B Cell Dysfunction in Human Malaria." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1512731469728517.

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11

Anderson, Laura Fay. "Malaria proteins implicated in host-parasite interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1965.

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The invasive and transmission stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum express several proteins with domains implicated in host-parasite interactions, that are potential vaccine candidates or drug targets. The expression patterns of two proteins PfTRAMP (Plasmodium Related Apical Merozoite Protein) and PCRAGS (Plasmodium cysteine related antigen of gametocytes and schizonts), containing such putative domains, are examined and their potential roles in merozoite invasion and egress are discussed. PfTRAMP has a possible role in merozoite invasion. Transcription occurs in mature schizo

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12

Schreiber, Melissa. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CHLOROPLAST-DERIVED ANTIGENSAGAINST MALARIA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2135.

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Malaria is the most prevalent vector-borne parasitic disease worldwide and a major cause of death from infections. There is a great need to develop a low cost vaccine for malaria to control transmission of infection and impact of disease, due to the emergence of anti-malarial resistance. Two leading blood stage malarial vaccine candidates are the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) and the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1). The aim of this project is to express malarial antigens in tobacco plants via plastid transformation and deliver them by subcutaneous or oral gavage of minimally processed

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13

Long, Gráinne Helen. "Immunopathology and virulence evolution in rodent malaria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1962.

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From an evolutionary perspective, natural selection is expected to maximize transmission to new hosts. If a live, mobile host often benefits parasite transmission, the question arises as to why malaria parasites are virulent? The favoured trade-off view of virulence evolution assumes that virulence arises as an unavoidable consequence of parasite resource exploitation within the host that is necessary to maximise parasite transmission. However, virulence is not always a simple function of parasite density and can arise as a result of immune-mediated virulence (immunopathology). This thesis exp

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14

Nyakeriga, Alice. "Relation of nutritional status, immunity, hemoglobinopathy and falciparum malaria infection." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-369.

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The interaction between nutritional status and malaria disease is complex and often controversial. Nutritional deficiencies (macro- or micro-nutrient) are thought to lead to malnutrition with subsequent susceptibility to malaria infection. On the other hand severe malaria or repeated malaria infections lead to malnutrition. While the cause and effect are difficult to attribute, micronutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency and malaria infection often co-exist and show complex interactions leading to mutually reinforced detrimental clinical effects. That iron deficiency has adverse effects

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15

Vasconcelos, Nina-Maria. "Vaccine development strategies applied to the Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen 332." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1263.

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Malaria is one of the major infectious diseases in the world with regard to mortality and morbidity, and the development of a vaccine against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is considered of high priority. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to develop and characterize recombinant vaccine constructs based on the P. falciparum asexual blood-stage antigen Pf332. We have studied the humoral responses in mice elicited by various types of constructs, including naked DNA plasmids, naked mRNA, alphavirus, and peptides. Immunological memory was successfully induced against the

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16

Bate, Clive Alan Winston. "Induction of TNF by exoantigens of Plasmodial species." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262292.

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17

Greene, Jennifer A. "Toll-like Receptor Polymorphisms and Cerebral Malaria." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270153850.

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18

Yates, Simon N. R. "Human genetic diversity and selection by malaria in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260867.

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19

Spottiswoode, Natasha. "Hepcidin regulation in malaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea5646aa-9c64-4158-9de8-1d6b7fc9d41d.

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Epidemiological observations have linked increased host iron with malaria susceptibility. At the same time, blood-stage malaria infection is associated with potentially life-threatening anemia. To improve our understanding of these relationships, this work presents an examination of the mechanisms controlling the upregulation of the hormone hepcidin, the master regulator of iron metabolism, in malaria infection. Chapter 2 presents data from a mouse model of malaria infection which indicate that hepcidin upregulation in malaria infection is associated with increased activity of the sons of moth

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20

Longley, Rhea Jessica. "Liver-stage vaccines for malaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b5c9821c-db32-4b66-a315-02541e62f566.

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The development of an efficacious P. falciparum malaria vaccine remains a top priority. Pre-erythrocytic vaccine efforts have traditionally focussed on two well- known antigens, CSP and TRAP, yet thousands of antigens are expressed throughout the liver-stage. The work described in this thesis aimed to assess the ability of other pre-erythrocytic antigens to induce an immune response and provide protective efficacy against transgenic parasites in a mouse model. Research undertaken in our laboratory has demonstrated the ability of prime-boost viral vectored sub-unit vaccination regimens to elici

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21

Atcheson, Erwan. "Prospects for enhancing malaria vaccine efficacy by combining pre-erythrocytic antigens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6506c003-7065-4d48-b049-f5e9136443d5.

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Malaria causes almost half a million deaths each year. Existing interventions will almost certainly not be enough to tackle this enormous public health problem on their own. An effective vaccine is urgently needed. The leading malaria vaccine, RTS,S, confers suboptimal protective efficacy, and in addition targets only Plasmodium falciparum and not the other major species of human malaria, P. vivax. This thesis investigates the potential of combining pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines as a means of enhancing protective efficacy. A novel mathematical model was developed which expresses probabilit

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22

Rowe, Jane Alexandra. "Rosetting of Plasmodium falciparium infected erythrocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260775.

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23

Spencer, Valero Lilian Maritza. "Monoclonal antibodies binding to malarial merozoite surface protein 1 protect in vivo against plasmodium yoelii infection." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363486.

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24

De, Aguiar J. C. S. "Studies on the polymorphic schizont antigen of Plasmodium chabaudi." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383640.

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25

Kassa, Fikregabrail. "Proteomic analysis of serum proteins from malaria patients and identification of hemozoin-binding proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66961.

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Malaria is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide and remains to be a major public health problem in most parts of the world with more than 250 million cases and over one million deaths each year. The malaria parasite, Plasmodium, infects red blood cells (RBCs) and catabolizes hemoglobin which results in the formation of hemozoin. Using proteomic approaches, we compared the serum protein profiles of malaria patients and healthy individuals in order to identify malaria biomarkers. Furthermore, we used the malarial hemozoin to identify hemozoin-binding serum pr

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26

Lundqvist, Jenny. "Malaria and relapsing fever Borrelia : interactions and potential therapy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-21845.

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Infectious diseases such as malaria and relapsing fever borreliosis (RF), cause severe human mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites, is estimated by the World Health Organization to cause 1.5-2.7 million deaths annually. RF, caused by Borrelia spirochetes, has the highest prevalence described for any bacterial disease in Africa, with infection outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. RF borreliosis manifests in humans as a recurring fever and with other symptoms very similar to those of malaria. RF borreliosis has been regarded as a tr

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27

Nelson, Maria. "Host responses to malaria and bacterial co-infections." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102795.

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The two main causes of child mortality and morbidity in Africa are malaria and invasive bacterial diseases. In addition, co-infections in sub-Saharan Africa are the rule rather than the exception. However, not much is known about the host-pathogen interaction during a concomitant infection or how it affects the outcome of disease. In order to study the immunological responses during malaria and bacterial co-infections, we established a co-infection mouse model. In these studies we used two pathogenic bacteria found in malaria co-infected patients: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Relapsing fever B

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28

Nasr, Amre. "Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to immune responses in Plasmodium falciparum malaria." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8168.

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The current research is directed towards dissection of host genetic factors involved in host immune response and the malaria disease outcome. A possible association between FcγRIIa polymorphism and anti-malarial antibody (A.M.A) responses were investigated in Sudanese patients in relation to clinical outcome of falciparum malaria. The frequency of the R/R131 genotype was significantly higher in patients with severe malaria as compared with mild malaria. A.M.A IgG3 was shown to be associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria in individuals carrying the H/H131 genotype. Low levels of IgG2 re

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Pattaradilokrat, Sittiporn. "Linkage group selection to investigate genetic determinants of complex traits of malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3139.

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Malaria parasites of the species infecting humans and animal hosts exhibit genetic and phenotypic diversity. Some of this diversity, including the responses to anti-malarial drugs, growth rate and virulence and antigenic variability, is medically significant. This is because these phenotypes may determine the existence and survival of the parasites in the host and, in turn, contribute to the clinical outcome of infection. Understanding of the biological characteristics and the genetic basis underlying these complex phenotypes can thus lead to the development of effective control strategies aga

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30

Israelsson, Elisabeth. "Host genetic factors and antibody responses with potential involvement in the susceptibility to malaria." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm university, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8301.

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31

Yap, George So. "Role of the spleen in erythropoietic and acquired immune responses during murine blood stage malaria." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41794.

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Plasmodium chabaudi AS infections in mice result in lethal and non-lethal infections in a strain-dependent fashion. Resistant C57BL/6 mice exhibit moderate levels of peak parasitemia and anemia and survive the infection. Susceptible A/J mice develop significantly higher parasitemias, severe anemia and succumb to infection. Resistance is controlled by a single or tightly linked, dominant, autosomal, non-H-2 linked locus(i), and is associated with the development of enhanced splenomegaly during infection and enhanced reticulocytic response to phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia. In this the

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32

Bauza, Karolis. "Malaria pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines : targeting antigen combinations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f96234df-74fa-4461-ba2e-a3cc4f8abfa0.

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Consistent efficacy in human clinical trials has been achieved by two leading malaria vaccine candidates encoding either the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CSP) or thrombospondin-related adhesion (TRAP) proteins. However, protection in humans relies on high antibody (Ab) titers or potent T cells, respectively, when these antigens are used individually. Therefore, a concurrent induction of both anti-CSP antibodies and TRAP-specific T cells may further improve the protective efficacy associated with these immunogens. This thesis investigates the protective potential associated with CSP and TRAP

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33

Sam, Hakeem. "Mechanism(s) of interleukin-12-induced protection against early murine blood-stage P. Chabaudi AS malaria." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35939.

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Previous studies suggest that IL-12, the potent Th1-inducing cytokine, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) contribute to resistance against blood-stage malaria. Early Th1 responses correlate with resistance, whereas predominantly Th2 responses are associated with susceptibility. In the present studies, the requirements for endogenous IL-12 and its role in host defense against blood-stage P. chabaudi AS malaria were investigated. Our results reveal, for the first time, significant differences in the kinetics of endogenous IL-12 p70 synthesis and splenic IL-12R beta1 and beta2 mRNA expres

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34

Olotu, Ally Ibrahim. "Long term efficacy of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine and correlates of protection in children residing in a malaria endemic country." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fcbab1a-689a-41bd-8685-4762941f7b0c.

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Malaria remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa despite recent reductions in malaria incidence in some parts of Africa. Current control tools face threats such as the emergence of drug resistant parasites and insecticide resistant mosquitoes. A malaria vaccine is needed to complement and/or replace existing tools in order to achieve better malaria control and eventually eliminate the disease. RTS,S/AS01E is the most clinically advanced pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate and is currently being tested in a phase III trial. The short-term

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35

Elias, Sean C. "Analysis of b cell responses to blood-stage malaria antigens in humans following immunization with candidate vaccines and controlled human malaria infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7dd65dc8-f831-49a7-8885-34072016eebb.

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The apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most severe and deadly form of human malaria. The production of an efficacious malaria vaccine is seen as one of the key steps towards the eradication of the disease, however to date only one candidate has progressed to application for licensure. Candidate malaria vaccines target the different stages of the P. falciparum lifecycle through induction of a functional immune response. Vaccines targeting the blood-stage parasite require induction of high titre neutralising antibodies. To achieve this, vaccine regimens hav

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Douglas, Alexander D. "Developing novel blood-stage malaria vaccines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ca728f5-6b5e-4f59-ae4b-dd81c8d9e2e8.

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Natural exposure to Plasmodium falciparum’s asexual blood-stage results in protection against severe disease, but no vaccine using the widely-studied blood-stage antigens apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) or merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) has proven convincingly protective in clinical trials. Challenges include antigenic polymorphism, the apparent requirement for exceptionally high antibody concentrations for protection, and clinical-grade production of conformationally-accurate recombinant protein antigens followed by formulation with a human-compatible adjuvant. This thesis describes the

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Giusti, Pablo. "Characterization of antigen-presenting cell function in vitro and ex vivo." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-60433.

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Long-term protective immunity depends on proper initiation of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Autoimmune disorders and certain infections can cause disease through modulation of APCs and thereby affecting the outcome of these diseases. This work aimed to investigate the behaviour of different APC subsets during conditions known to cause improper immune responses. In Paper I, the effects of an anti-inflammatory compound called Rabeximod, intended for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were investigated on different subsets of APCs. The results showed that Rabeximod affected the dif

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Steiner, Kevin Lee. "Prenatal priming to malaria antigens increases susceptibility to HIV infection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1321827400.

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Ing, Rebecca Yat Loo 1971. "Mechanisms of innate immunity to blood-stage malaria infection : role of dendritic cells in host-parasite interactions and induction of protective immunity." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102510.

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A favorable outcome of blood-stage malaria infection requires immune responses that effectively eliminate the infection with minimum pathology to the host. There is strong evidence that the innate immune system is critical for initiating and shaping the subsequent adaptive immune response to blood-stage Plasmodium parasites. As sentinels of infection and potent activators of immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotally positioned to control the immune response to malaria and thereby influence the outcome of infection. Experiments performed in this thesis work aimed to determine the role of DC

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Appiah, Simon K. "Space-time statistical analysis of malaria morbidity incidence cases in Ghana: A geostatistical modelling approach." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1398.

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Malaria is one of the most prevalent and devastating health problems worldwide. It is a highly endemic disease in Ghana, which poses a major challenge to both the public health and socio-economic development of the country. Major factors accounting for this situation include variability in environmental conditions and lack of prevention services coupled with host of other socio-economic factors. Ghana’s National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) risk assessment measures have been largely based on household surveys which provided inadequate data for accurate prediction of new incidence cases cou

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Gadsby, Naomi Jane. "A genetic analysis of two strains of Plasmodium chabaudi adami that differ in growth and pathogenicity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2760.

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Malaria is still a significant public health problem in the Tropics, with an estimated 200 million cases a year and more than 1 million deaths, mostly in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite responsible for the majority of the morbidity and mortality due to malaria. We know from the historical use of malaria to treat neurosyphilis that there were several different strains of P. falciparum, some of which were more pathogenic and had higher multiplication rates than others. High multiplication rates of P. falciparum isolates have been associated with severe

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Llewellyn, David C. C. "Assessment of anti-merozoite antibody function in the context of blood-stage malaria vaccine development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:72e325e5-504c-480a-8b89-6a3ecb73f699.

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In regions endemic for malaria, natural exposure results in an acquired immunity which protects individuals from severe disease. However, no vaccine against the blood-stage of malaria, against which naturally-acquired immunity is targeted, currently exists that is capable of emulating, or out-performing, natural protection. To rationally direct the next generation of blood-stage malaria vaccine development, a greater understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in clinical protection is required. To date, the assessment of naturally-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity to the blood-

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Bucsu, Eva. "Plasmodium chabaudi adami : vaccine antigens and antigenic variation /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2881.

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There is an abundance of information available on the molecular mechanisms of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum. The variant antigen PfEMP1, which mediates antigenic variation as well as cytoadherence and rosetting, has been extensively characterised. Genes coding for the antigen belong to the gene family var, and several var genes have been cloned and characterised. The rodent malaria parasite P. chabaudi is a widely studied in vivo model for P. falciparum. The P. c. chabaudi AS parasite strain has been shown to exhibit antigenic variation and the variant antigen has been detected

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St-Pierre, Jessica. "The role of CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ naturally-occurring regulatory T cells in the host immune response to Plasmodium chabaudi AS /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111941.

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Naturally-occurring CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTreg) play a central role in maintaining immune self-tolerance as well as modulating immunity towards pathogens. Pathogens may establish chronic infections in immunocompetent hosts by engaging nT reg in order to promote immunosuppression. The goal of the research described here is to test the hypothesis that nTreg modulate protective immunity to malaria, and consequentially affect susceptibility to the parasite. To investigate this question, the functional dynamics of CD4+Foxp3 + nTreg cells were evaluated in mice infected with blood-stage Pl

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Biswas, Sumi. "Prime boost vaccination with viral vectors targeting apical membrane antigen 1." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a17ab4e4-9b81-4ab3-b02f-41d9da36c6ab.

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Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a leading candidate vaccine antigen against blood stage malaria and several clinical trials using mostly protein-in-adjuvant vaccines have shown limited success. This thesis describes the development of recombinant adenoviral (AdHu5) and poxviral (MVA) vectors encoding AMA1 from Plasmodium chabaudi murine parasites. In this murine malaria model, AdHu5 and MVA encoding AMA1 when used in a heterologous prime boost regime showed excellent immunogenicity, both humoral and cellular. The vaccination regime was protective against blood stage challenge and both anti

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Kapulu, Melissa Chola. "Pre-clinical development of viral vectored transmission-blocking malaria vaccines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5610025-28e1-433f-9487-aaa1f6d641a0.

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Malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens have been developed to induce antibodies using different delivery systems, mainly protein-in-adjuvant formulations, independently in various laboratories giving varied transmission-blocking activity (TBA). However, only one candidate antigen has been tested in clinical trials. In order to advance the most efficacious target(s) for possible clinical development, a rank order of the leading antigens based on TBA in a head-to-head comparison using a single delivery platform was made. Candidate antigens, AnAPN1, PfsHAP2, Pfs230-C, Pfs25, and

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Forbes, Emily K. "Enhancing the efficacy of viral vector blood-stage malaria vaccines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a51e20cd-dfdb-45fe-9fe0-7231c77afe1f.

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Replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing single Plasmodium falciparum antigens can induce potent T cell and antibody responses and have entered clinical testing using a heterologous prime-boost immunisation approach (Ad_MVA). This thesis describes a number of pre-clinical approaches aimed at enhancing the efficacy of these viral vectored vaccines targeting the blood-stage of malaria. First, the development of a highly efficacious malaria vaccine is likely to require a multi-antigen and/or multi-stage subunit vaccine. The utility of an Ad

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Gola, Anita. "The role of antigen in the maintenance and localisation of CD8+ T-cells in the context of liver stage malaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b1ce436-316f-43da-bacf-3b1e178f2f40.

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A highly effective vaccine against malaria is urgently needed, with leading vaccination strategies involving the induction of protective antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells via heterologous prime-boost viral vector immunization, targeting primarily the pre- erythrocytic liver stages of the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle. To date, the greatest immunogenicity has been obtained through a heterologous prime boost regimen, where vaccination with an Adenoviral vector is followed 8 weeks later by a Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) boost. Experimental work directed at providing a greater und

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Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C. "Antibody responses and Fc gamma receptor IIa polymorphism in relation to Plasmodium falciparum malaria." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-27541.

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Immunity to asexual blood-stage of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is believed to be associated with protective antibodies of certain immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. This thesis addressed the importance of antibodies in relation to malaria infection and their effective interactions with Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcyRIIa) polymorphisms. Our data indicate that the frequency of FcyRIIa-R/R131 genotype was statistically significantly higher in Sudanese patients with severe malaria, while the FcyRIIa-H/H131 genotype showed a significant association with mild malaria. The levels of IgG1 and IgG3 s

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Alonso, Galindo Selena. "Effect of maternal HIV and malaria on the transplacental transfer of antibodies against prevalent pathogens and vaccines in Mozambican women." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672103.

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Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of mortality in newborns born in Mozambique. Transplacental transfer of antibodies is essential for conferring protection during the first months of life against these diseases. In this doctoral thesis, we have assessed the impact of maternal HIV infection and malaria during pregnancy on cord blood levels of antibodies and on the efficiency of placental transfer of IgG subclasses. The effect of other maternal factors and pregnancy outcomes has also been assessed. We have measured total IgG and IgG subclass levels in maternal and cord blood by q

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