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Journal articles on the topic 'Malarial treatments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Afaya, Agani, Solomon Mohammed Salia, Frederick Yaw Opare, Samira Ali, and Richard Adongo Afaya. "Patients’ adherence to antimalarial medication; self-report of patients at the Volta regional hospital of Ho, Ghana." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 10 (2017): 4234. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174552.

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Background: Despite the advancement in malaria treatments and management; malaria morbidity and mortality is still on the increase. This phenomenon has been mostly attributed to the emergence and transmission resistance of the plasmodium parasite to drugs; which is as a result of non-adherence to anti-malaria medication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess patients’ adherence to anti-malarial medications and the factors influencing their adherence in the Volta regional hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. Convenience sampling technique was used in

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Spencer, Lilian M., Andreyna Peña-Quintero, Nieves Canudas, Inexis Bujosa, and Neudo Urdaneta. "Antimalarial effect of two photo-excitable compounds in a murine model with Plasmodium berghei (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae)." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 2 (2018): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i2.33420.

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Malaria represents a major health problem worldwide, affecting around 198 million people in 2016 according to WHO database. For decades, anti-malarial drug therapy has been used in the battle against this disease and its uncontrolled usage in endemic areas has developed the appearance of the drug resistance. Thus, it has emerged the necessity of finding new treatments that could be used as an alternative cure to malaria infection. The aim of this work was the evaluation of two photo-excitable compounds: Compound 1, which is (2E)-3-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-1-(4-imidazol-1-yl-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-

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Amusengeri, Arnold, Lindy Astl, Kevin Lobb, Gennady M. Verkhivker, and Özlem Tastan Bishop. "Establishing Computational Approaches Towards Identifying Malarial Allosteric Modulators: A Case Study of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70s." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (2019): 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225574.

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Combating malaria is almost a never-ending battle, as Plasmodium parasites develop resistance to the drugs used against them, as observed recently in artemisinin-based combination therapies. The main concern now is if the resistant parasite strains spread from Southeast Asia to Africa, the continent hosting most malaria cases. To prevent catastrophic results, we need to find non-conventional approaches. Allosteric drug targeting sites and modulators might be a new hope for malarial treatments. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are potential malarial drug targets and have complex allosteric control me

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Ghartey-Kwansah, George, Qinan Yin, Zhongguang Li, et al. "Calcium-dependent Protein Kinases in Malaria Parasite Development and Infection." Cell Transplantation 29 (January 1, 2020): 096368971988488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719884888.

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Apicomplexan parasites have challenged researchers for nearly a century. A major challenge to developing efficient treatments and vaccines is the parasite’s ability to change its cellular and molecular makeup to develop intracellular and extracellular niches in its hosts. Ca2+ signaling is an important messenger for the egress of the malaria parasite from the infected erythrocyte, gametogenesis, ookinete motility in the mosquito, and sporozoite invasion of mammalian hepatocytes. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have crucial functions in calcium signaling at various stages of the paras

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Khaemba, Emma Nelima, Caroline Ogwang, Sam Kinyanjui, et al. "Comparing drug regimens for clearance of malaria parasites in asymptomatic adults using PCR in Kilifi County, Kenya: an open-label randomised controlled clinical trial (MalPaC)." Wellcome Open Research 5 (February 20, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15627.1.

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Background: To restrict trial endpoints to infections acquired after vaccination in Phase IIb trials of candidate malaria vaccines, participants are treated with anti-malarial drugs to clear existing infections. Anti-malarial drugs with a long half-life may inhibit the acquisition of new infections. This study evaluated the effects of three anti-malarial drug regimens on the clearance of existing infections and acquisition of new infections. Methods: An open-label randomised controlled trial (MalPaC) was conducted between November 2013 and February 2014. Ninety adults were randomised 1:1:1 to

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Mockenhaupt, Frank P., Klaus Reither, Philipp Zanger, et al. "Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Infants as a Means of Malaria Control: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Northern Ghana." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 9 (2007): 3273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00513-07.

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ABSTRACT Morbidity and mortality from malaria remain unacceptably high among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Intermittent preventive treatment in infancy (IPTi) involves the administration of antimalarials alongside routine vaccinations and might be an option in malaria control. In an area of intense, perennial malaria transmission in northern Ghana, 1,200 children received IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or placebo at approximately 3, 9, and 15 months of age. Children were followed up until 24 months of age to assess morbidity and adverse events. During the intervention period (3 to

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Baltzell, Kimberly. "A 14-day follow-up of adult non-malarial fever patients seen by mobile clinics in rural Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 32, no. 1 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v32i1.7.

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BackgroundWhile health providers consistently use malaria rapid diagnostic tests to rule out malaria, they often lack tools to guide treatment for those febrile patients who test negative. Without the tools to provide an alternative diagnosis, providers may prescribe unnecessary antibiotics or miss a more serious condition, potentially contributing to antibiotic resistance and/or poor patient outcomes. MethodsThis study ascertained which diagnoses and treatments might be associated with poor outcomes in adults who test negative for malaria. Adult patients for rapid diagnostic test of malaria s

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Aini, Kholida Nur, Windya Tri Hapsari, Kartika Arum Wardani, Heny Arwati, and Willy Sandhika. "Antimalarial activity of goat bile against Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in BALB/c mice." Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya 4, no. 2 (2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v4i2.3540.

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Abstract Goat bile has been used by some Indonesian people to treat malaria and increase their stamina. This study aimed to prove whether goat bile toxic or not in BALB/c mice and to verify the antimalarial activity of goat bile at various concentrations in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Acute toxicity test was performed using twenty male BALB/c mice with an average body weight of 25 grams, which were divided into four groups. Mice were given 25%, 50%, and 100% goat bile, respectively, while negative control was given distilled water. Any change in weight, odor, color, agitation,

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Pobsuk, Nattakarn, Praphasri Suphakun, Supa Hannongbua, Chanin Nantasenamat, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, and M. Paul Gleeson. "Synthesis, Plasmodium falciparum Inhibitory Activity, Cytotoxicity and Solubility of N2 ,N4 -Disubstituted Quinazoline-2,4-diamines." Medicinal Chemistry 15, no. 6 (2019): 693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666181219100307.

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Background: Despite the development of extensive control strategies and treatment options, approximately 200 million malaria cases, leading to approximately 450,000 deaths, were reported in 2015. Due to issue of disease resistance, additional drug development efforts are needed to produce new, more effective treatments. Quinazoline-2,4-diamines were identified as antiparasitic compounds over three decades ago and have remained of interest to date in industry and academia. Objective: An anti-malarial SAR evaluation of previously unreported N2 ,N4 -disubstituted quinazoline- 2,4-diamines have be

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Schwarzer, E., F. Turrini, D. Ulliers, G. Giribaldi, H. Ginsburg, and P. Arese. "Impairment of macrophage functions after ingestion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes or isolated malarial pigment." Journal of Experimental Medicine 176, no. 4 (1992): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.4.1033.

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Human monocyte-derived macrophages ingest diamide-treated red blood cells (RBC), anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig)G-opsonized RBC, or Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasitized RBC (RPRBC), degrade ingested hemoglobin rapidly, and can repeat the phagocytic cycle. Monocytes fed with trophozoite-parasitized RBC (TPRBC), which contain malarial pigment, or fed with isolated pigment are virtually unable to degrade the ingested material and to repeat the phagocytic cycle. Monocytes fed with pigment display a long-lasting oxidative burst that does not occur when they phagocytose diamide-treated RBC or RPR

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Haidara, Mahamane, Geneviève Bourdy, Nunziatina De Tommasi, et al. "Medicinal Plants Used in Mali for the Treatment of Malaria and Liver Diseases." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 3 (2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100309.

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Today, ethno-pharmacology is a very important resource in order to discover new therapies for the current diseases. Moreover, another good justification for the ethno-pharmacological approach is to obtain new, effective, less expensive and simple therapies, limiting at the same time the cost of pharmaceutical research. Two major anti-malarial drugs widely used today, i.e. quinine and artemisinin, came respectively from Peruvian and Chinese ancestral treatments reported in the traditional medicines. In this contest, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs, due to the critical epi

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Ferreira, J. F. S., J. C. Laughlin, N. Delabays, and P. M. de Magalhães. "Cultivation and genetics ofArtemisia annuaL. for increased production of the antimalarial artemisinin." Plant Genetic Resources 3, no. 2 (2005): 206–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200585.

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Malaria has been treated for over 350 years with quinine and quinine-derived drugs. However, in several areas of the world, some strains of the malarial parasitePlasmodium falciparumhave developed resistance against these drugs. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of artemisinin-combination treatments (ACT) as the first-line treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. The WHO estimates that current supplies of artemisinin are sufficient for only 30 million ACT, and is foreseeing the need for 130–220 million ACT in 2005 (WHO, 2004). Current research on th

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Batiha, Gaber El-Saber, Ahmed Olatunde, Amany El-Mleeh, et al. "Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)." Antibiotics 9, no. 6 (2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060353.

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Plants have been used since ancient times to cure certain infectious diseases, and some of them are now standard treatments for several diseases. Due to the side effects and resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics and most drugs on the market, a great deal of attention has been paid to extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from plant species used in herbal medicine. Artemisia absinthium is an important perennial shrubby plant that has been widely used for the treatment of several ailments. Traditionally, A. absinthium has always been of pharmaceutical and botanical

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Sargolzaei, Mohsen. "Virtual Compound Screening and Molecular Dynamics to Identify New Inhibitors for Human Glutathione Reductase." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, no. 12 (2020): 1465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180817999200724174003.

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Background: Oxidative stress is a defense mechanism against malarial intracellular parasite infection. On the other hand, the Human glutathione reductase enzyme reduces oxidative stress in the cells, making the inhibitors of this enzyme a promising candidate for malaria treatment. Objective: Rational drug design was used in this work to plan new human glutathione reductase inhibitors. Methods: Virtual screening was performed using the ZINC database and molecular docking was used to detect appropriate human glutathione reductase inhibitors. Based on the docking scores obtained, the top three hi

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Olayemi, S. O., A. P. Arikawe, A. Akinyede, A. I. Oreagba, and O. Awodele. "Effect of Malarial Treatments on Biochemical Parameters and Plasma pH of Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei." International Journal of Pharmacology 8, no. 6 (2012): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2012.549.554.

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Zheng, Li, Hui Feng, Di Liu, Yan-Yan Pan, and Ya-Ming Cao. "The expression of malarial invasion-related molecules is affected by two different nitric oxide-based treatments." Folia Parasitologica 60, no. 3 (2013): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2013.023.

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Drinkwater, Nyssa, and Sheena McGowan. "From crystal to compound: structure-based antimalarial drug discovery." Biochemical Journal 461, no. 3 (2014): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20140240.

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Despite a century of control and eradication campaigns, malaria remains one of the world's most devastating diseases. Our once-powerful therapeutic weapons are losing the war against the Plasmodium parasite, whose ability to rapidly develop and spread drug resistance hamper past and present malaria-control efforts. Finding new and effective treatments for malaria is now a top global health priority, fuelling an increase in funding and promoting open-source collaborations between researchers and pharmaceutical consortia around the world. The result of this is rapid advances in drug discovery ap

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Jagessar, RC. "Nanotechnology and Nanoparticles in Contemporary Sciences." Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jnsrr/2021(3)118.

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Nonotechanology has been a rapidly growing field of advanced science at the inception of this century. Many problematic endeavours in sciences have been successfully overcome using nanoparticles. For example, a low risk solution using antibody modified bismuth nanoparticle, in combination with an X-ray dose equivalent to a chest X-ray specifically, has been shown to kill the common bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a set up designed to resemble a deep wound in human tissue. Nanosized gold particle could catalyse the oxidation of carbon monoxide better than anything previously known. Heparin

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Tian, Mengqing, Peiji Zhao, Guohong Li, and Keqin Zhang. "In Depth Natural Product Discovery from the Basidiomycetes Stereum Species." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (2020): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071049.

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Natural metabolites from microorganisms play significant roles in the discovery of drugs, both for disease treatments in humans, and applications in agriculture. The Basidiomycetes Stereum genus has been a source of such bioactive compounds. Here we report on the structures and activities of secondary metabolites from Stereum. Their structural types include sesquiterpenoids, polyketides, vibralactones, triterpenoids, sterols, carboxylic acids and saccharides. Most of them showed biological activities including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, radical scavenging activity, autoph

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Castelli, Francesco, Lina Rachele Tomasoni, and Alberto Matteelli. "ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (2012): e2012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2012.064.

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Malaria still claims a heavy toll of deaths and disabilities even at the beginning of the third millennium. The inappropriate sequential use of drug monotherapy in the past has facilitated the spread of drug-resistant P. falciparum, and to a lesser extend P. vivax, strains in most of the malaria endemic areas, rendering most anti-malarial ineffective. In the last decade, a new combination strategy based on artemisinin derivatives (ACT) has become the standard of treatment for most P. falciparum malaria infections. This strategy could prevent the selection of resistant strains by rapidly decrea

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Saha, Kalyan B., Priyamadhaba Behera, Hrishikesh Munshi, et al. "What affects utilization of malaria control services? A qualitative approach to understanding community perception in highly malarious Gadchiroli district, Maharashtra, India." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 4 (2018): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201800038x.

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AbstractNational Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) data have shown that nearly half of all malaria deaths in India occur in tribal-dominated areas. The present study took a qualitative approach to understanding community perceptions and practices related to malarial infection and anti-malarial programmes. Twelve focus group discussions and 26 in-depth interviews of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were conducted in nine villages in the district of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra state in India in June 2016. A total of 161 village residents (94 males and 67 females) participated

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GEROLD, Peter, Livia VIVAS, A. Solabomi OGUN, et al. "Glycosylphosphatidylinositols of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi: a basis for the study of malarial glycolipid toxins in a rodent model." Biochemical Journal 328, no. 3 (1997): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3280905.

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Free and protein-bound glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of the blood stages of the rodent malarial parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS were identified and characterized. TLC analysis of material extracted by organic solvents from metabolically labelled parasites revealed a distinct set of glycolipids. These glycolipids were identified as GPIs by specific chemical and enzymic treatments and by structural analysis of their glycan and hydrophobic parts. These analyses revealed that P. c. chabaudi AS synthesizes a set of GPI-biosynthesis intermediates and two potential GPI-anchor precurso

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Tewari, D. D., L. A. Braimoh, and K. G. Bokana. "Factors Affecting Malaria Epidemics and Its Economic Impacts on Households in Ajegunle, Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 21, no. 1 (2009): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x09002100107.

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Malaria is one of the most common and deadly diseases, especially in sub-Saharan and tropical African countries, including Nigeria. Over the years, malaria epidemic affected about 3 million people in Nigeria. The disease does not only affect income or spending of individuals and households but also economic growth of the country. The major objectives of this study are (1) to estimate the costs of malaria to a household living in Ajegunle city, and (2) to build a logistic model which predicts the probability of occurrence of malaria based on a set of variables. One apparent pattern of the cost

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Zottig, Victor E., Katherine A. Carr, John G. Clarke, Moshe J. Shmuklarsky, and Mara Kreishman-Deitrick. "Army Antimalarial Drug Development: An Advanced Development Case Study for Tafenoquine." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (2020): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz304.

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Abstract Malaria is classified as a top-tier infectious disease threat associated with a high risk for mortality among U.S. service members deployed overseas. As malarial drug resistance degrades the efficacy of current gold standard drugs for malarial prophylaxis and treatment, it is vitally important to maintain a robust drug pipeline to discover and develop improved, next-generation antimalarial prevention and treatment tools. The U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA) manages the medical product development of the malarial drug tafenoquine for malarial prophylaxis to add

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Ali, Amatul Hamizah, Suhaini Sudi, Ng Shi-Jing та ін. "Dual Anti-Malarial and GSK3β-Mediated Cytokine-Modulating Activities of Quercetin Are Requisite of Its Potential as a Plant-Derived Therapeutic in Malaria". Pharmaceuticals 14, № 3 (2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14030248.

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Although death in malaria is attributed to cerebrovascular blockage and anaemia, overwhelming cytokine production can contribute to the severity of the disease. Therefore, mitigation of dysregulated inflammatory signalling may provide further benefit for malaria treatment. Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is known to inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), a potent regulator of both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Quercetin is therefore a potential therapeutic to modulate the imbalanced cytokine production during malarial infection. Anti-malarial effects of quercetin were e

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Goyal, Shawn, Beth Binnington, Stephen D. S. McCarthy, et al. "Inhibition of in vitro Ebola infection by anti-parasitic quinoline derivatives." F1000Research 9 (April 17, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22352.1.

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There continues to be no approved drugs for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Despite a number of candidate drugs showing limited efficacy in vitro and/or in non-human primate studies, EVD continues to plaque certain areas of Africa without any efficacious treatments yet available. Recently, we have been exploring the potential for anti-malarial drugs to inhibit an in vitro model of Ebola Zaire replication using a transcription-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) assay. We examined the efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine and 36 novel anti-parasite quinoline derivatives at inhibiti

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Kumar, S. E. Praveen, Kurady Laxminarayana Bairy, Veena Nayak, Shiva Kumar Reddy, Amruth Kiran, and Abhijna Ballal. "Amelioration of Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) Induced Neurotoxicity by Combination of Rivastigmine and Memantine with Artesunate in Albino Wistar Rats." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 2 (2019): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1692.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration and accumulation of abnormal proteins. Artesunate, an anti-malarial drug has recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, angiogenic and other pleiotropic effects. It has also improved cognitive decline induced by hepatic coma which is suggestive of its role in learning and memory. In view of this, the current study was planned to assess the effect of the combination of artesunate with rivastigmine and memantine in aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity. The study was conducted on

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Prata, Aluizio, Margarita Urdaneta, Patrick B. McGreevy, and Mauro Shugiro Tada. "Infrequency of asymptomatic malaria in an endemic area in Amazonas, Brazil." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 21, no. 2 (1988): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821988000200003.

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A malaria survey was conducted in an area of high transmission (Costa Marques, Rondonia, Brazil) to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and its clinical significance. Most of the people surveyed were immigrants who had lived in the endemic area < 5 years. The people had easy access to free diagnostic and treatment services at the Malaria Clinic in the town of Costa Marques. The prevalence of plasmodial parasitemia in 344 people was 22%. There were 36 individuals with asymptomatic infections among the 77 parasitemic patients. During the two days following the initial examina

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BETSON, MARTHA, JOSÉ C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO, AARON ATUHAIRE, et al. "Detection of persistent Plasmodium spp. infections in Ugandan children after artemether-lumefantrine treatment." Parasitology 141, no. 14 (2014): 1880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201400033x.

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SUMMARYDuring a longitudinal study investigating the dynamics of malaria in Ugandan lakeshore communities, a consistently high malaria prevalence was observed in young children despite regular treatment. To explore the short-term performance of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), a pilot investigation into parasite carriage after treatment(s) was conducted in Bukoba village. A total of 163 children (aged 2–7 years) with a positive blood film and rapid antigen test were treated with AL; only 8·7% of these had elevated axillary temperatures. On day 7 and then on day 17, 40 children (26·3%) and 33 (22·

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Klouda, Christina B., and William L. Stone. "Oxidative Stress, Proton Fluxes, and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine Treatment for COVID-19." Antioxidants 9, no. 9 (2020): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090894.

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Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been proposed as treatments for COVID-19. These drugs have been studied for many decades, primarily in the context of their use as antimalarials, where they induce oxidative stress-killing of the malarial parasite. Less appreciated, however, is evidence showing that CQ/HCQ causes systemic oxidative stress. In vitro and observational data suggest that CQ/HCQ can be repurposed as potential antiviral medications. This review focuses on the potential health concerns of CQ/HCQ induced by oxidative stress, particularly in the hyperinflammatory stage

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Faranita, Tri, Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu, Muhammad Ali, Munar Lubis, and Syahril Pasaribu. "Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 52, no. 5 (2012): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi52.5.2012.260-6.

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Background Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) has been usedas a firsdine treatment for uncomplicated faldparum malariain Indonesia since 2004. Its efficacy depends on amodiaquineresistance of the infecting parasites. Artemether-lumefantrine(AL) has been shown to be highly efficacious in treatinguncomplicated faldparum malaria in several countries. However,there have been few studies on these anti-malarial medicationsin Indonesia.Objective To compare the efficacy of AL to ASAQ for treatinguncomplicated faldparum malaria in children.Methods An open, randomized, controlled trial wasconducted in school

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Kaur, Prabhjot, Arun Bhatia, Kanav Midha, and Mampi Debnath. "Malaria: A Cause of Anemia and Its Effect on Pregnancy." World Journal of Anemia 1, no. 2 (2017): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10065-0012.

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ABSTRACT Malaria is one of the major health problems in the world. It remains an important cause of very high human morbidity and mortality, especially, among children and pregnant women. It results from the infection of parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the major pathogens responsible for causing human malaria. Approximately 75% of cases are caused by P. falciparum and associated with the mortality rate of approximately 0.5 to 1.0%. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax induce anemia during their erythrocytic stages of infection. Most of the

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Smits, A., M. Coosemans, W. Van Bortel, M. Barutwanayo, and Ch Delacollette. "Readjustment of the malaria vector control strategy in the Rusizi Valley, Burundi." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 4 (1995): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033046.

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AbstractBased on a longitudinal survey performed in 1982–1983, a vector control strategy was implemented from 1985 onwards in a malarial-dense area of Burundi. One annual round of indoor spraying with malathion greatly reduced both the parasite load and the parasite rate in the population until 1989. However, from 1990 to 1993, a progressive resurgence of malaria was observed in most villages. For the present study, two villages were selected on the basis of their differential response to house spraying. In the village of Mulira surrounded by rice fields, the excellent results observed in the

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De, Sangeeta, Pragnadyuti Mandal, Dipak K. Sarkar, et al. "Assessment of anti-malarial drug prescribing pattern in pediatric and adult malaria patients in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 4 (2019): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193279.

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Background: Kolkata, one of the major metropolitan cities of India, is also the capital of the state West Bengal, contributes largest number of malaria cases reported from West Bengal. The present study was undertaken to assess the anti-malarial prescribing pattern in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kolkata.Methods: This was an observational, prospective, cross-sectional study for a period of one year (from March 2017 to February 2018) in which prescriptions of diagnosed pediatric and adult malaria patients were scanned and reviewed for anti-malarial use pattern. Core drug use indicators

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Soma-Pillay, P., and A. P. Macdonald. "Malaria in pregnancy." Obstetric Medicine 5, no. 1 (2012): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2011.110063.

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Malaria is a complex parasitic disease affecting about 32 million pregnancies each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women are especially susceptible to malarial infection and have the risk of developing severe disease and birth complications. The target of Millennium Development Goal 6 is to end malaria deaths by 2015. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality due to malaria may be reduced by implementing preventive measures, early diagnosis of suspected cases, effective antimalarial therapy and treatment of complications.

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Nanyunja, Miriam, Juliet Nabyonga Orem, Frederick Kato, Mugagga Kaggwa, Charles Katureebe, and Joaquim Saweka. "Malaria Treatment Policy Change and Implementation: The Case of Uganda." Malaria Research and Treatment 2011 (September 19, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/683167.

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Malaria due to P. falciparum is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda where it is highly endemic in 95% of the country. The use of efficacious and effective antimalarial medicines is one of the key strategies for malaria control. Until 2000, Chloroquine (CQ) was the first-line drug for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Uganda. Due to progressive resistance to CQ and to a combination of CQ with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Uganda in 2004 adopted the use of ACTs as first-line drug for treating uncomplicated malaria. A review of the drug policy change process and postimpleme

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Fonjungo, Peter N., Ibrahim M. Elhassan, David R. Cavanagh, et al. "A Longitudinal Study of Human Antibody Responses toPlasmodium falciparum Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 in a Region of Seasonal and Unstable Malaria Transmission." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 6 (1999): 2975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.6.2975-2985.1999.

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ABSTRACT Rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a nonpolymorphic merozoite antigen that is considered a potential candidate for a malaria vaccine against asexual blood stages. In this longitudinal study, recombinant RAP1 (rRAP1) proteins with antigenicity similar to that of P. falciparum-derived RAP1 were used to analyze antibody responses to RAP1 over a period of 4 years (1991 to 1995) of 53 individuals naturally exposed to P. falciparum malaria. In any 1 year during the study, between 23 and 39% of individuals who had malaria developed immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodi

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Tyagi, Amit G., Rupal A. Tyagi, Prema Ram Choudhary, and Jaidev Singh Shekhawat. "Study of antioxidant status in malaria patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (2017): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171281.

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Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of metabolic changes in malaria patients. During infection RBCs are exposed to continual oxidative stress. The univalent reduction of oxygen results in a series of cytotoxic oxygen species such as O2-, H2O2, OH•. Objective was to determine the level of oxidative stress in patients suffering from malaria.Methods: The present study was conducted on 551 malaria patients and 211 age-sex matched controls, in department of Biochemistry, C U Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat from April 2012 to May 2013. In stage-I, day

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K, Affan. "Cost of Illness of Malaria in Coastal Karnataka, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 02 (2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202122.

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Background: Malaria is one of the major health issues in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is considered to be one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality. This study intends to estimate the cost of illness of malaria at the household level and health service utilisation pattern for malaria treatment in coastal Karnataka. Materials and Methods: It was a secondary data-based cross-sectional study comprising people suffering from malaria during the period from September to December 2016. Result: The median gross total cost of illness (a single episode of malaria) was 4,000 INR,

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Nguta, Joseph Mwanzia, James Mucunu Mbaria, Daniel Waweru Gakuya, Peter Karuri Gathumbi, John David Kabasa, and Stephen Gitahi Kiama. "Cytotoxicity of antimalarial plant extracts from Kenyan biodiversity to the brine shrimp, Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae)." Drugs and Therapy Studies 2, no. 1 (2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/dts.2012.e12.

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<em>Artemia salina</em> (Artemiidae), the brine shrimp larva, is an invertebrate used in the alternative test to determine toxicity of chemicals and natural products. In this study the medium lethal concentration fifty (LC50 values) of 45 antimalarial plant extracts and positive controls, cyclophosphamide and etoposide were determined using <em>Artemia salina</em> (Artemiidae). Out of the 45 organic extracts screened for activity against <em>Artemia salina </em>larvae, 23 (51%) of the crude extracts demonstrated activity at or below 100 μg/mL, and were categ

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Ellis, Jayne, Prosperity C. Eneh, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, et al. "Case Report: Three's a crowd: a case report examining the diagnostic and pharmacokinetic challenges in HIV-tuberculous meningitis-malaria co-infection." Wellcome Open Research 3 (September 6, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14726.1.

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In 2016, 10.4 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported globally. Malaria also continues to be a global public health threat. Due to marked epidemiological overlap in the global burden of TB and malaria, co-infection does occur. An HIV-infected, 32-year-old male presented with a two-week history of headache with fevers to Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda. Five months prior, he was diagnosed with pulmonary TB. He endorsed poor adherence to anti-tuberculous medications. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in CSF was confirmed on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. On day 2, he was initiated on dexametha

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Ellis, Jayne, Prosperity C. Eneh, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, et al. "Case Report: Three's a crowd: a case report examining the diagnostic and pharmacokinetic challenges in HIV-tuberculous meningitis-malaria co-infection." Wellcome Open Research 3 (January 15, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14726.2.

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In 2016, 10.4 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported globally. Malaria also continues to be a global public health threat. Due to marked epidemiological overlap in the global burden of TB and malaria, co-infection does occur. An HIV-infected, 32-year-old male presented with a two-week history of headache with fevers to Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda. Five months prior, he was diagnosed with pulmonary TB. He endorsed poor adherence to anti-tuberculous medications. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in CSF was confirmed on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. On day 2, he was initiated on dexametha

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Datta, Pratyay Pratim, Anju Prasad, Chaitali Pattanayak, Ashok Singh Chouhan, and Parbaty Panda. "Pattern of drug prescription for the treatment of falciparum malaria in a medical college in Eastern India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (2016): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i4.14614.

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Background: Drug prescription pattern for the treatment of falciparum malaria differs widely from place to place; but there is also some intra organizational variation of prescription pattern of anti-malarial drugs for the treatment of falciparum malaria.Aims and Objectives: The present study was planned to study the drug utilization pattern for the treatment of falciparum malaria in a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India.Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based study conducted in the department of medicine among the patients admitted with confirmed diagnosis of falciparum ma

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MARTÍNEZ-de la PUENTE, J., S. MERINO, G. TOMÁS, et al. "Factors affecting Culicoides species composition and abundance in avian nests." Parasitology 136, no. 9 (2009): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009006374.

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SUMMARYMechanisms affecting patterns of vector distribution among host individuals may influence the population and evolutionary dynamics of vectors, hosts and the parasites transmitted. We studied the role of different factors affecting the species composition and abundance of Culicoides found in nests of the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). We identified 1531 females and 2 males of 7 different Culicoides species in nests, with C. simulator being the most abundant species, followed by C. kibunensis, C. festivipennis, C. segnis, C. truncorum, C. pictipennis and C. circumscriptus. We conducted a

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Biggs, D. "The effectiveness of pre-impregnated permethrin in military clothing in the prevention of insect bites." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 104, no. 2 (2018): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-104-80.

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AbstractIntroductionWhen on operational deployment, or where a vector-borne disease threat has been identified, military personnel wear uniform that has been pre-impregnated with permethrin insecticide to prevent insect bites, as part of an integrated approach to bite avoidance in order to reduce disease non-battle injury. This article reports a study that was carried out to investigate whether the clothing treatments currently in use are effective at preventing insect bites.MethodsA human volunteer study was conducted using two different species of mosquito and clothing subjected to different

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Skrzypek, Ruth, and Richard Callaghan. "The “pushmi-pullyu” of resistance to chloroquine in malaria." Essays in Biochemistry 61, no. 1 (2017): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20160060.

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Malarial infection continues to impart devastating health problems in the developing world. Treatment of malaria has involved chemotherapy since 168 BC, with the most prevalent and successful forms using plant alkaloids. Perhaps the greatest treatment success against malaria was by chloroquine, a synthetic derivative of the quinines found in the Cinchona tree bark. Chloroquine is able to kill parasites by interfering with haem metabolism in the parasite’s digestive vacuole. The widespread use of chloroquine predictably resulted in the development of drug-resistant malaria and the most highly i

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Porter, Kimberly A., Stephen R. Cole, Joseph J. Eron, et al. "HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors and Clinical Malaria: a Secondary Analysis of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5208 Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 2 (2011): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05322-11.

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ABSTRACTHIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) have antimalarial activityin vitroand in murine models. The potential beneficial effect of HIV-1 PIs on malaria has not been studied in clinical settings. We used data from Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5208 sites where malaria is endemic to compare the incidence of clinically diagnosed malaria among HIV-infected adult women randomized to either lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) or to nevirapine (NVP)-based ART. We calculated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We conducted a recurrent events analysis that include

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Patrocínio-Jesus, Rita, João Cunha, Diva Trigo, Bárbara Flor-de-Lima, and Patrícia Pacheco. "Artemether/Lumefantrine for the Treatment of P. malariae in a Patient on Hemodialysis." Case Reports in Medicine 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1326171.

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The combination of artemether/lumefantrine is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. There have been no clinical trials to assess the efficacy of this medication in patients with renal impairment. While it is unlikely that artemether/lumefantrine would be removed during dialysis, clinical experience regarding drug use in this setting is limited. In this article, the authors report successful treatment of Plasmodium malariae malaria on a patient with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

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Yusuf, Yenni. "ANTI-MALARIAL DRUG RESISTANCE." Majalah Kedokteran Andalas 37, no. 1 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22338/mka.v37.i1.p64-69.2014.

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AbstrakTujuan studi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan mekanisme resistensi parasit malaria danusaha-usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghadapi munculnya strain parasit yangresisten terhadap artemisinin. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. ResistensiP.falciparum terhadap obat-obat anti malaria disebabkan oleh perubahan spontan yangterjadi pada beberapa gen seperti P.falciparum multi drug resistance1 (Pfmdr1), P.falciparumchloroquine transporter (Pfcrt), P.falciparum dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps), P.falciparumdihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr), and P.falciparum multidrug resistance-ass

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Gordeuk, Victor R., Ishmael Kasvosve, Janneke van Dijk, et al. "Altered Immune Response in Severe Malaria Anemia in Children." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1303.1303.

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Abstract We prospectively assessed immune markers in children &lt;6 years with severe malarial anemia (hemoglobin &lt;5.0 g/dL; n = 72) and uncomplicated malaria (n = 69) who presented to Macha Mission Hospital in Zambia’s Southern Province. We also studied 70 children &lt;6 years who presented to well child clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe as controls. Compared to controls, children with uncomplicated malaria had significantly higher temperatures and parasite counts, lower hemoglobin and platelet concentrations, higher plasma levels of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and

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