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Journal articles on the topic "Malawi. Department of Animal Health and Industry"
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Al Amin, Md, M. Nazmul Hoque, Amam Zonaed Siddiki, Sukumar Saha, and Md Mostofa Kamal. "Antimicrobial resistance situation in animal health of Bangladesh." Veterinary World 13, no. 12 (2020): 2713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2713-2727.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a crucial multifactorial and complex global problem and Bangladesh poses a regional and global threat with a high degree of antibiotic resistance. Although the routine application of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has largely contributed to the health and productivity, it correspondingly plays a significant role in the evolution of different pathogenic bacterial strains having multidrug resistance (MDR) properties. Bangladesh is implementing the National Action Plan (NAP) for containing AMR in human, animal, and environment sectors through "One Health" approach where the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) is the mandated body to implement NAP strategies in the animal health sector of the country. This review presents a "snapshot" of the predisposing factors, and current situations of AMR along with the weakness and strength of DLS to contain the problem in animal farming practices in Bangladesh. In the present review, resistance monitoring data and risk assessment identified several direct and/or indirect predisposing factors to be potentially associated with AMR development in the animal health sector of Bangladesh. The predisposing factors are inadequate veterinary healthcare, monitoring and regulatory services, intervention of excessive informal animal health service providers, and farmers' knowledge gap on drugs, and AMR which have resulted in the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, ultimate in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in all types of animal farming settings of Bangladesh. MDR bacteria with extreme resistance against antibiotics recommended to use in both animals and humans have been reported and been being a potential public health hazard in Bangladesh. Execution of extensive AMR surveillance in veterinary practices and awareness-building programs for stakeholders along with the strengthening of the capacity of DLS are recommended for effective containment of AMR emergence and dissemination in the animal health sector of Bangladesh.
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Hilton, W. Mark. "BRD in 2014: where have we been, where are we now, and where do we want to go?" Animal Health Research Reviews 15, no. 2 (October 31, 2014): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252314000115.
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AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a worldwide health concern and is the number one disease of stocker, backgrounder, and feedlot cattle in North America. In feedlots in the USA, BRD accounts for 70–80% of all feedlot morbidity and 40–50% of all mortality. In 2011, the US Department of Agriculture's National Animal Health Monitoring System conducted a feedlot study that showed 16.2% of all feedlot cattle were treated for BRD. It is universally accepted that this number is distressingly high and that our industry has the tools available to reduce the incidence of BRD.
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Hullinger, P. J., D. Bickett-Weddle, T. Goldsmith, J. Roth, and J. Zack. "(A188) Foot and Mouth Disease Continuity of Business Planning for the U.S. Dairy Industry." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001841.
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If foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was detected in the United States (U.S.), a national animal health emergency would be declared and livestock and allied industries would feel the immediate impacts of animal and product movement restrictions, animal quarantines, disease surveillance activities and other necessary measures implemented to control the disease. These control measures, while necessary to contain the outbreak, would have impacts on the normal business practices of uninfected livestock producers in affected regions, and potentially disrupt interstate commerce. Such impacts would be most disruptive to industries producing perishable products and utilizing ‘just-in-time’ supply models. One significantly impacted sector would be the U.S. dairy industry whose operations rely upon daily animal, product and other supportive movements, and do not have the capacity to store milk for more than 24-48 hours. Disruption of normal milk movement in the U.S. could affect the provision of milk and milk products, as well as create significant milk disposal, environmental and animal welfare issues. The challenge of controlling and eliminating FMD while at the same time maintaining the long term viability of the U.S. dairy industry, represents a complex and multifaceted challenge. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is collaborating in preparedness initiatives and pre-event, academia-facilitated emergency management planning efforts with states and livestock industries. A key element, critical to a successful outcome from this initiative is the involvement of industry throughout the process. One such effort is the ‘Secure Milk Supply’ (SMS) Plan project and its initial goal is to develop agreed upon processes and procedures to pick up, transport, and pasteurize milk from uninfected farms in FMD control areas thus helping to maintain business continuity for dairy producers, haulers, and processors. This presentation will describe the current approach to FMD control in the U.S., issues of special relevance to the dairy industry and the progress and planned future directions of the USDA sponsored SMS Plan.
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Callaway, Todd R., Hyun Lillehoj, Rungtip Chuanchuen, and Cyril G. Gay. "Alternatives to Antibiotics: A Symposium on the Challenges and Solutions for Animal Health and Production." Antibiotics 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050471.
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Antibiotics have improved the length and quality of life of people worldwide and have had an immeasurable influence on agricultural animal health and the efficiency of animal production over the last 60 years. The increased affordability of animal protein for a greater proportion of the global population, in which antibiotic use has played a crucial part, has resulted in a substantial improvement in human quality of life. However, these benefits have come with major unintended consequences, including antibiotic resistance. Despite the inherent benefits of restricting antibiotic use in animal production, antibiotics remain essential to ensuring animal health, necessitating the development of novel approaches to replace the prophylactic and growth-promoting benefits of antibiotics. The third International Symposium on “Alternatives to Antibiotics: Challenges and Solutions in Animal Health and Production” in Bangkok, Thailand was organized by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University and Department of Livestock Development-Thailand Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative; supported by OIE World Organization for Animal Health; and attended by more than 500 scientists from academia, industry, and government from 32 nations across 6 continents. The focus of the symposium was on ensuring human and animal health, food safety, and improving food animal production efficiency as well as quality. Attendees explored six subject areas in detail through scientific presentations and panel discussions with experts, and the major conclusions were as follows: (1) defining the mechanisms of action of antibiotic alternatives is paramount to enable their effective use, whether they are used for prevention, treatment, or to enhance health and production; (2) there is a need to integrate nutrition, health, and disease research, and host genetics needs to be considered in this regard; (3) a combination of alternatives to antibiotics may need to be considered to achieve optimum health and disease management in different animal production systems; (4) hypothesis-driven field trials with proper controls are needed to validate the safety, efficacy, and return of investment (ROI) of antibiotic alternatives.
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Myers, L. M., and L. Fromberg. "(A324) Emergency Management Preparedness and Response Planning in the US: Aphis Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PREP)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003086.
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BackgroundPreparing for and responding to foreign animal diseases are critical missions to safeguard any nation's animal health and food supply. A specific challenge of foreign animal disease preparedness and response is the ability to rapidly incorporate and scale-up veterinary functions and countermeasures into emergency management operations during a disease outbreak. The United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services has established a Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP) which provides a framework for FAD preparedness and response. The FAD PReP goal is to integrate, synchronize, and de-conflict preparedness and response capabilities, as much as possible, before an outbreak by providing goals, guidelines, strategies, and procedures that are clear, comprehensive, easily readable, easily updated, and that comply with the National Incident Management System (NIMS). An overview of FAD PReP will be presented.BodyThe APHIS FAD PReP incorporates and synchronizes the principles of the National Response Framework (NRF), the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and the National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS). The FAD PReP contains general plans and disease specific plans that include incident goals, guidelines, strategies, procedures and timelines for local, State, Tribal and Federal responders. The FAD PReP helps raise awareness of the required veterinary functions and countermeasures, helps identify gaps or shortcomings in current response preparedness and planning, and helps to provide a framework to the States, Tribes, and Industry sectors in developing their individual response plans for specific diseases such as HPAI and FMD. The FAD PReP will also identify resources and personnel for potential zoonotic disease outbreaks and large-scale outbreaks, define stakeholder expectations for successful and timely outcomes, identify and resolve issues that may become competing interests during an outbreak and provide a systems approach to preparedness issues that need additional time, attention and collaboration.
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Pawestri, Wari, Gagak Dhony Satria, Nisa Hakimah, and Doddi Yudhabuntara. "Deteksi Kejadian Residu Tetrasiklin pada Daging Ikan Nila di Kota Yogyakarta dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT)." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 37, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.34463.
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Food products of animal origin which are free from biological and chemical contamination are an absolute requirement of food safety. Antibiotics residues in the food of animal origin is one of the chemical contaminants in food are harmful/hazardous to human health. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is often used in the fishing industry. The study aims to detect the occurrence of tetracycline residues in tilapia sold in traditional markets in Kota Yogyakarta. The research was conducted with detection test (detect disease). The study used 61 samples of tilapia fish from 16 traditional markets in Kota Yogyakarta. Tilapia meat samples are prepared according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). The existence of tetracycline residues in meat can be detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Residue analysis in fish meat was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Gadjah Mada University using HPLC Shimadzu version 6.1. The results showed that 24 samples of tilapia meat marketed in Kota Yogyakarta was positively contained tetracycline antibiotic residues. A total of 19 samples contained residues above maximum residue limits (MRL). The conclusion of the study is 31% of tilapia marketed in Kota Yogyakarta contains tetracycline residues above MRL. Surveillance of residues in food of animal origin and further research in terms of reducing antibiotic residue in tilapia meat is highly recommended to improve the quality and safety of food of animal origin.
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Bindon, B. M. "Genesis of the Cooperative Research Centre for the Cattle and Beef Industry: integration of resources for beef quality research (1993-2000)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 7 (2001): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00067.
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The Cooperative Research Centre for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) was formulated in 1992 by CSIRO, the University of New England (UNE), NSW Agriculture and Queensland Department of Primary Industries (QDPI) to address the emerging beef quality issue facing the Australian beef industry at that time: the demand from domestic and export consumers for beef of consistent eating quality. An integrated program of research involving meat science, molecular and quantitative genetics and growth and nutrition was developed. To meet the expectations of the Commonwealth of Australia, additional projects dealing with animal health and welfare and environmental waste generated by feedlot cattle were included. The program targeted both grain- and grass-finished cattle from temperate and tropical Australian environments. Integration of research on this scale could not have been achieved by any of the participating institutions working alone. This paper describes the financial and physical resources needed to implement the program and the management expertise necessary for its completion. The experience of developing and running the Cooperative Research Centre confirms the complexity and cost of taking large numbers of pedigreed cattle through to carcass and meat quality evaluation. Because of the need to capture the commercial value of the carcass, it was necessary to work within the commercial abattoir system. During the life of the Cooperative Research Centre, abattoir closure and/or their willingness to tolerate the Research Centre’s experimental requirements saw the Cooperative Research Centre operations move to 6 different abattoirs in 2 states, each time losing some precision and considerable revenue. This type of constraint explains why bovine meat science investigations on this scale have not previously been attempted. The Cooperative Research Centre project demonstrates the importance of generous industry participation, particularly in cattle breeding initiatives. Such involvement, together with the leadership provided by an industry-driven Board guarantees early uptake of results by beef industry end-users. The Cooperative Research Centre results now provide the blueprint for genetic improvement of beef quality traits in Australian cattle herds. Heritabilities of beef tenderness, eating quality, marbling, fatness and retail beef yields are now recorded. Genetic correlations between these traits and growth traits are also available. Outstanding sires for beef quality have been identified. Linked genetic markers for some traits have been described and commercialised. Non-genetic effects on beef quality have been quantified. Australian vaccines against bovine respiratory disease have been developed and commercialised, leading to a reduction in antibiotic use and better cattle performance. Sustainable re-use of feedlot waste has been devised.
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Wetzler, Lee M., Ian M. Feavers, Scott D. Gray-Owen, Ann E. Jerse, Peter A. Rice, and Carolyn D. Deal. "Summary and Recommendations from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Workshop “Gonorrhea Vaccines: the Way Forward”." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, no. 8 (June 22, 2016): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00230-16.
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ABSTRACTThere is an urgent need for the development of an antigonococcal vaccine due to the increasing drug resistance found in this pathogen. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have identified multidrug-resistant gonococci (GC) as among 3 “urgent” hazard-level threats to the U.S. population. In light of this, on 29 to 30 June 2015, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) sponsored a workshop entitled “Gonorrhea Vaccines: the Way Forward.” The goal of the workshop was to gather leaders in the field to discuss several key questions on the current status of gonorrhea vaccine research and the path forward to a licensed gonorrhea vaccine. Representatives from academia, industry, U.S. Government agencies, and a state health department were in attendance. This review summarizes each of the 4 scientific sessions and a series of 4 breakout sessions that occurred during the one and a half days of the workshop. Topics raised as high priority for future development included (i) reinvigoration of basic research to understand gonococcal infection and immunity to allow intervention in processes essential for infection; (ii) clinical infection studies to establish parallels and distinctions betweenin vitroand animal infection models versus natural human genital and pharyngeal infection and to informin silicomodeling of vaccine impact; and (iii) development of an integrated pipeline for preclinical and early clinical evaluation and direct comparisons of potential vaccine antigens and adjuvants and routes of delivery.
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Murphy, Andrew R. J., Emma R. Travis, Victoria Hibberd, David Porter, and Elizabeth M. H. Wellington. "Evaluation of a Fecal Shedding Test To Detect Badger Social Groups Infected with Mycobacterium bovis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 59, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): e01226-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01226-20.
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ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an economically important disease affecting the cattle industry in England and Wales. bTB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, also causes disease in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), a secondary maintenance host. Disease transmission between these two species is bidirectional. Infected badgers shed M. bovis in their feces. The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) of the United Kingdom organized a comparative trial to determine the performance of tests in detecting M. bovis in badger feces for the Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Here, we assessed the performance of the existing Warwick Fast24-qPCR test and its modified version based on a high-throughput DNA extraction method (Fast96-qPCR). We found Fast24-qPCR to have a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.5 to 99%; n = 244) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI, 97.8 to 100%; n = 292). Fast96-qPCR requires further optimization. Determining the disease status of badger social groups requires multiple tests per group. Therefore, to increase specificity further, we independently repeated the Fast24-qPCR test on positive samples, increasing stringency by requiring a second positive result. Fast24-qPCR with repeat testing had a sensitivity of 87.3% (95% CI, 83.1 to 91.5%; n = 244), and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 100 to 100; n = 201) on an individual-sample level. At the social-group level, this repeat testing gives Fast24-qPCR high herd specificity, while testing multiple samples per group provides high herd sensitivity. With Fast24-qPCR, we provide a social-group-level test with sufficient specificity and sensitivity to monitor shedding in badgers via latrine sampling, delivering a potentially valuable tool to measure the impacts of bTB control measures.
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Bickel, Michael. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20067801viii.
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Trace elements may have different functions in human and animal metabolism: some are toxic (e.g., Hg), others are essential to maintain good health (e.g., Ca), or they can be essential but also toxic, depending on the concentration in the body or in parts thereof (e.g., Se).The importance of various aspects of trace elements in relation to food is steadily increasing in the perception of the consumer and the respective authorities: food contaminants, essential and toxic elements, bioavailability and speciation, nutritional value and fortified food, reliable measurement of contents, etc. In addition, through the many minor and major food-related incidents during recent years the consumer is becoming more concerned about the quality and safety of food. As a result, research and development efforts in this area have also been increased and/or been redirected.TEF-2 was organized in Brussels 7-8 October 2004 by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, with the support of the Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology of the University of Warzaw, Poland and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. It was carried through under the auspices of IUPAC.The objectives laid down for the symposium were- presenting state-of-the-art analytical methods for the enforcement of legal limits of trace elements in food;- disseminating new ideas and findings within the scientific community;- providing a forum for the exchange of new knowledge and experience between R&D, authorities, and industry; and- bringing together experts in the field with newcomers.TEF-2 was attended by 93 participants from 60 different institutions in 23 countries. It consisted of 26 lectures and 56 posters, structured according to the following four main topics:- trace elements in the food chain (from the environment to shelf product) including the effects of processing and of legislation- trace element bioavailability-toxicological and nutritional aspects- fortified food and supplementation legislation, manufacturing and labeling, standards- advances in trace element analysis in food matricesIt was emphasized that the field of trace elements in food is a lively research area, which generates interest and involvement from researchers, authorities, and industry, of course triggered and nurtured by the equally high interest of the consumer. A selection of the invited contributions to TEF-2 is presented in the subsequent seven papers in this issue.The importance of scientific exchange in this field was, again, recognized during TEF-2. Therefore, the continuation of this series of conferences was discussed, and the venue for the subsequent TEF-3 was decided. It will be organized by R. Lobinski of CNRS in Pau, France, at the beginning of October 2008.Michael BickelConference Editor
Books on the topic "Malawi. Department of Animal Health and Industry"
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Malawi. Dept. of Animal Health and Industry. Review of activities of the Department of Animal Health and Industry and the strategies for implementation: Proceedings of a conference held at Kudya Discovery Lodge, Liwonde, 2nd-7th November, 1987. [Lilongwe]: DAHI, 1987.
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Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Importation of beef from Argentina. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Department of Agriculture, animal and plant health inspection service: Importation of beef from Argentina. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Department of Agriculture, animal and plant health inspection service: Importation of beef from Argentina. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Animal Identification and Traceability: Background and Issues. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2011.
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Morgan, Kevin, Terry Marsden, and Jonathan Murdoch. "The Regulatory World of Agri-food: Politics, Power, and Conventions." In Worlds of Food. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199271580.003.0010.
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The history of agriculture in developed countries over the past seventy years is first and foremost a political history because of the intense interplay between farming and the state. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any other ‘industry’ which has been so comprehensively regulated by the state, over such a long period of time, as agriculture. Even neo-liberal governments in OECD countries have accepted the political compact between farming and the state on account of the ‘exceptionalism’ of agriculture. The rationale for its exceptional status might vary from country to country, but it invariably has something to do with one major aspect that distinguishes agriculture from all other industries: the fact that we ingest its products. In other words, the centrality of agriculture to human health is far and away the most important reason why many countries have sought to ensure a measure of food security by protecting their national farm sectors through permutations of production subsidies, price supports, and import controls—the origins of which stretch back to the 1930s in the case of the US and as far back as the nineteenth-century Corn Laws in the case, for example, of the UK. Agricultural history can be read in a number of different ways. The most polarized readings are the productivist and the ecological interpretations. The productivist discourse, which emphasizes the phenomenal productivity gains that have been achieved since the Second World War, is essentially a story of unalloyed economic success due to a tripartite alliance of state, science, and farmers. The ecological discourse, by contrast, points not to the economic benefits of the post-war productivity miracle, but to the social and environmental costs of agricultural intensification. In the US, where intensive farming practices are most advanced, such problems as soil erosion and animal welfare were attributed to the regulatory regime operated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which actively encouraged unsustainable farming practices. Similar connections have been made in Europe, where the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was deemed to be the main culprit.