To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Malay language.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malay language'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 44 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Malay language.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Salleh, Ramli Md. "Fronted constituents in Malay : base structures and Move- ga sin a configurational non-Indo-European language /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8402.
Full text
2
Mudmarn, Saynee. "Language use and loyalty among the Muslim-Malays of southern Thailand." [S.l. : s.n.], 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/65091316.html.
Full text
3
Salleh, Romaizah. "Brunei children's understanding of science: the influence of change in language of instruction on conceptual development." Thesis, Curtin University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67.
Full textAbstract:
In 1987, as a matter of utmost urgency and importance, Negara Brunei Darussalam called for a new system of education that emphasized nationalistic commitment: “Languages for Bruneians”. With the era of globalization, the Brunei Ministry of education argued that new patterns of communication were necessary and implemented a bilingual policy where children are taught in Malay until the fourth year of primary school when the medium of instruction changes to English. While the new policy supports Bruneians’ proficiency in two languages, rumour has been magnified through recent established research findings that a large percentage of pupils are underachieving in science. The main focus of this study is the effect of language transfer, from Malay to English as the medium of instruction, on the development of children’s conceptual understanding in science. Two clusters of science concepts, evaporation and condensation and living and non-living, provide the science context through which children’s understanding is explored. The theoretical framework that includes viewing and examining children’s conceptual understanding from conceptual development and epistemological and ontological perspectives of conceptual change informs the analysis of this study. The research design employed a cross sectional case study method involving the administration of interviews to a total of 255 children aged between 6 and 12 years of age. The interviews about the concepts of evaporation and condensation involved two phases. For the first phase, 60 children from each primary level of 1, 3 and 4 (total n = 180) were interviewed. Fourteen months later, 18 children from the same sample were selected based on their fluency in the first interviews and revisited for more detailed interviews.For the concepts of living and non-living, 75 children were chosen from a wider range of primary levels, fifteen from each level of Primary 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Each participant in this study was asked 2 types of questions; forced-response and semi-structured. For the forced-response questions, scores were entered into the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software based on a 5- point scale. For the semi-structured questions, analysis involved initial grouping of responses before entry into the software and quantitative manipulation. The data from the semi-structured interviews also were analysed qualitatively with systematic searches for themes and evidence that supported and disconfirmed the quantitative results. As this study produced qualitative as well as quantitative data, rigour was determined by two sets of parallel criteria. Ensuring rigour for the quantitative data involved the criteria of validity and reliability. Within the qualitative paradigm, the criteria that evolved in response to the quality of the research were credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The results indicated a steady progress of conceptual understanding when the pupils’ explanations about the concepts of evaporation and condensation were in Malay. However, the pattern of development of understanding did not reach projected patterns i n Primary 4 when only English responses were analysed. The findings show that the change in language of instruction significantly hampered communication about and possibly conceptual understanding of the cluster of concepts associated with evaporation and condensation.Similarly, the findings about children’s conceptual understanding of living and non-living suggested that the expected patterns of development were not realised. Closer qualitative inspection of the data revealed that the idiosyncratic nature of the bilingual system perpetuated particular misconceptions specifically related to the nature of the Malay and English languages in both clusters of concepts. The primary conclusion of the study was that the change in language of instruction from Malay to English in Brunei primary schools had a significant, detrimental impact on the children’s expressed understanding of the concepts associated with evaporation and condensation and living and non-living.
4
McLellan, James A. H. "Malay-English language alternation in two Brunei Darussalam on-line discussion forums." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/581.
Full textAbstract:
This is a study of language choice and language alternation patterns in a corpus of messages posted on two Brunei Darussalam on-line discussion forums. It aims to break new ground by investigating Malay-English language alternation in the context of computer-mediated communication (CMC), in contrast to previous research which has mostly studied alternation or code-switching in informal conversations. The corpus of texts consists of 21 1 messages posted on the 'Bruclass' and 'Brudirect' forums. These were analysed in terms of their grammatical and discoursal features to determine what role is played by each of the contributing languages. Chapter 1 outlines the major research questions: how much alternation is there between Malay and English, how is this alternation achieved, and why do the bilingual text producers make these language choices when posting their messages in the on-line forums? This chapter also includes outline description of the sociolinguistic context of Brunei Darussalam in terms of its population, history, system of education, and discussion of the varieties of Malay and of English used by Bruneians. In Chapter 2 relevant literature on language alternation is reviewed, with a gradual narrowing of the focus: from theories of code-switching and language alternation to studies dealing specifically with Malay-English code-switching in Malaysia and in Brunei Darussalam. Studies on language use and alternation in the CMC domain are also reviewed. Chapter 3 discusses the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the rationale for these. Findings from the grammatical and discoursal analyses are reported and discussed in Chapter 4. Whilst monolingual English messages are the most frequent, almost half of the corpus texts are found to include a measure of Malay-English alternation.Many of these display an asymmetric alternation pattern, in which one language supplies the grammar and the other the lexis, but there are also examples of equal alternation, where Malay and English both contribute to the grammar and to the lexis. The reasons for these choices are investigated through a questionnaire survey, which includes a text ranking task, and through other published texts in which Bruneians discuss their use of language. Chapter 5 discusses these findings, and the concluding Chapter 6 considers connections between the analysis of the texts and the questionnaire survey, especially the preference for monolingual English. Chapter 6 also includes discussion of questions of identity as reflected in the language choices and of language use in the CMC domain.
5
McLellan, James A. H. "Malay-English language alternation in two Brunei Darussalam on-line discussion forums." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Language and Intercultural Education, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16277.
Full textAbstract:
This is a study of language choice and language alternation patterns in a corpus of messages posted on two Brunei Darussalam on-line discussion forums. It aims to break new ground by investigating Malay-English language alternation in the context of computer-mediated communication (CMC), in contrast to previous research which has mostly studied alternation or code-switching in informal conversations. The corpus of texts consists of 21 1 messages posted on the 'Bruclass' and 'Brudirect' forums. These were analysed in terms of their grammatical and discoursal features to determine what role is played by each of the contributing languages. Chapter 1 outlines the major research questions: how much alternation is there between Malay and English, how is this alternation achieved, and why do the bilingual text producers make these language choices when posting their messages in the on-line forums? This chapter also includes outline description of the sociolinguistic context of Brunei Darussalam in terms of its population, history, system of education, and discussion of the varieties of Malay and of English used by Bruneians. In Chapter 2 relevant literature on language alternation is reviewed, with a gradual narrowing of the focus: from theories of code-switching and language alternation to studies dealing specifically with Malay-English code-switching in Malaysia and in Brunei Darussalam. Studies on language use and alternation in the CMC domain are also reviewed. Chapter 3 discusses the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the rationale for these. Findings from the grammatical and discoursal analyses are reported and discussed in Chapter 4. Whilst monolingual English messages are the most frequent, almost half of the corpus texts are found to include a measure of Malay-English alternation.Many of these display an asymmetric alternation pattern, in which one language supplies the grammar and the other the lexis, but there are also examples of equal alternation, where Malay and English both contribute to the grammar and to the lexis. The reasons for these choices are investigated through a questionnaire survey, which includes a text ranking task, and through other published texts in which Bruneians discuss their use of language. Chapter 5 discusses these findings, and the concluding Chapter 6 considers connections between the analysis of the texts and the questionnaire survey, especially the preference for monolingual English. Chapter 6 also includes discussion of questions of identity as reflected in the language choices and of language use in the CMC domain.
6
Salleh, Romaizah. "Brunei children's understanding of science: the influence of change in language of instruction on conceptual development." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15256.
Full textAbstract:
In 1987, as a matter of utmost urgency and importance, Negara Brunei Darussalam called for a new system of education that emphasized nationalistic commitment: “Languages for Bruneians”. With the era of globalization, the Brunei Ministry of education argued that new patterns of communication were necessary and implemented a bilingual policy where children are taught in Malay until the fourth year of primary school when the medium of instruction changes to English. While the new policy supports Bruneians’ proficiency in two languages, rumour has been magnified through recent established research findings that a large percentage of pupils are underachieving in science. The main focus of this study is the effect of language transfer, from Malay to English as the medium of instruction, on the development of children’s conceptual understanding in science. Two clusters of science concepts, evaporation and condensation and living and non-living, provide the science context through which children’s understanding is explored. The theoretical framework that includes viewing and examining children’s conceptual understanding from conceptual development and epistemological and ontological perspectives of conceptual change informs the analysis of this study. The research design employed a cross sectional case study method involving the administration of interviews to a total of 255 children aged between 6 and 12 years of age. The interviews about the concepts of evaporation and condensation involved two phases. For the first phase, 60 children from each primary level of 1, 3 and 4 (total n = 180) were interviewed. Fourteen months later, 18 children from the same sample were selected based on their fluency in the first interviews and revisited for more detailed interviews.For the concepts of living and non-living, 75 children were chosen from a wider range of primary levels, fifteen from each level of Primary 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Each participant in this study was asked 2 types of questions; forced-response and semi-structured. For the forced-response questions, scores were entered into the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software based on a 5- point scale. For the semi-structured questions, analysis involved initial grouping of responses before entry into the software and quantitative manipulation. The data from the semi-structured interviews also were analysed qualitatively with systematic searches for themes and evidence that supported and disconfirmed the quantitative results. As this study produced qualitative as well as quantitative data, rigour was determined by two sets of parallel criteria. Ensuring rigour for the quantitative data involved the criteria of validity and reliability. Within the qualitative paradigm, the criteria that evolved in response to the quality of the research were credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The results indicated a steady progress of conceptual understanding when the pupils’ explanations about the concepts of evaporation and condensation were in Malay. However, the pattern of development of understanding did not reach projected patterns i n Primary 4 when only English responses were analysed. The findings show that the change in language of instruction significantly hampered communication about and possibly conceptual understanding of the cluster of concepts associated with evaporation and condensation.
Similarly, the findings about children’s conceptual understanding of living and non-living suggested that the expected patterns of development were not realised. Closer qualitative inspection of the data revealed that the idiosyncratic nature of the bilingual system perpetuated particular misconceptions specifically related to the nature of the Malay and English languages in both clusters of concepts. The primary conclusion of the study was that the change in language of instruction from Malay to English in Brunei primary schools had a significant, detrimental impact on the children’s expressed understanding of the concepts associated with evaporation and condensation and living and non-living.
7
Damio, Siti Maftuhah. "Seeking Malay trainee English teachers' perceptions of autonomy in language learning using Q methodology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594590.
Full textAbstract:
Greater learner autonomy has, in recent decades, become recognised as a worthy goal in the field of foreign language learning. However, it is difficult to find a consensus view in the literature concerning the definition of the concept. One area of debate is the extent to which autonomy in language learning (ALL) is universally applicable, or whether versions of autonomy exist which are defined culturally or contextually. To attempt to address this debate, a study was carried out in the specific context of Malaysian higher education. The subjects were four cohorts. totalling 31 participants, of Malay trainee English teachers in a Malaysian public university. The aim was to examine the conceptions, practices and cultural influences of autonomy in language learning. Q Methodology was chosen as a means of systematically exploring subjective viewpoints, enabling pattern recognition of perspectives obtained. To provide further insight into the topic, three interviews were carried out. Findings relating to the conceptions found in the data obtained showed that there were four perspectives to autonomy in language learning in this particular context. To the questions on practices, findings indicated that practices of autonomy in language learning were more prominently located in the classroom, although the role of learning outside of the classroom was acknowledged. Findings on the role of culture suggested that an amalgamation of the individual and the social is encouraged. In addition to looking at the perspectives on autonomy in language education, this study carried out an investigation concerning the extent of effectiveness of Q Methodology for researching subjectivities in autonomy in language learning. The findings showed that the prospect is encouraging for Q Methodology is found to be educational. creative and environmentally friendly. This study offers a development to the dynamic concept of autonomy in language learning by suggesting that the incorporation of the collectivist and Islamic perspectives of Malay culture to the concept will encourage greater autonomy in language learning among Malay trainee teachers. The use of Q Methodology, which can be constructive for participants and researchers alike, is enriching, and using Q Methodology in appropriate language learning research is encouraged.
8
Wong, Bee Eng. "Acquistion of Wh-movement in English questions and relative clauses by speakers of Malay." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285871.
Full text
9
Subhan, Sophiaan Bin. "Linguistic Negotiations of Identity Among Malay-Muslim Male Youths in Singapore." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367235.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the lived experiences of four young Malay/Muslim males in Singapore. Through a critical sociolinguistic approach, the dissertation draws on individual and group observations, interactions and interviews to elicit perspectives on postnationalistic constructions of identity and language in a localised setting. The analysis shows how the negotiation of identities is tied closely to the Malay/Muslim male youths’ experiences growing up, against a backdrop of inherited social structuration and ethnolinguistic marginality, within the rigid management of ethnicity by the State and, its intrusions into the affairs of Islam. The dissertation argues that the relationship between language and ethnicity is not entirely about agency (i.e. what a person chooses to be). Instead, it is about markets within which agency and habitus work themselves out in the contexts of specific histories and politics. The negotiation of the Malay/Muslim identity in dominant discourses is further implicated by the ideological construction of homogeneity and linguistic difference, and has essentialised the Malay/Muslim habitus. In many cases, this has resulted in the normalisation of marginality, exclusion and symbolic domination by those in the market. The examples of constrained agency, of structural marginalisation and of investments in the Malay/Muslim identity that support this research shed some critical light on the complicated political economy of language and identity in the Malay/Muslim market.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Languages and Linguistics
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
10
Abdul-Ghani, Aniswal. "The language of advertising : a contrastive study of advertising texts in British English, Malaysian English and Malay." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322546.
Full text
11
Ismail, S. F. S. "The publishing phenomenon of Enid Blyton in Malay language in the 1970s : socio-cultural context and strategies employed." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508886.
Full text
12
Haroon, Haslina. "The publication of Malay literary works in English translation : problems of translating from a language of limited diffusion (LLD)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2924/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the issue of the publication of translations, specifically the under-representation of literary works in one language of limited diffusion (LLD), the Malay language, in English translation. It sets out to examine the role of two parties which are thought to play a vital role in the publication of Malay literary works in English translation for international consumption: publishers in the United Kingdom and the translation organisation in Malaysia. The aim of the research, more specifically, is to investigate how both parties bear upon the translation of Malay literary works into English. Some of the questions which are central to the issue of the publication of Malay literary works in English translation include: To what extent are the two parties involved in the publication of Malay literary works in English translation for international consumption? What are the policies of these organisations where the translation of Malay literary works and other literary works in LLD are concerned? Who decides what to translate? What factors are taken into account in deciding what to publish in English translation? Given that this thesis sets out to examine the role of the two parties mentioned above, two main strategies have been employed: surveys and case studies. Drawing on responses from individuals from publishing companies, translation organisations, and other organisations which support translation, I have been able to show that the problem in the publication of Malay literary works in English translation is not merely a translation problem but also a problem of image and promotion. This study thus details the different forces working against the translation of Malay literary works into English for international consumption.
13
Giridharan, Beena. "An investigative study of English vocabulary acquisition patterns in adult L2 tertiary learners with Chinese/Malay L1." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2416.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates patterns of second language (L2) learners’ vocabulary acquisition of English in pedagogical contexts, and develops a vocabulary acquisition model, specifically a pre-receptive to productive vocabulary (PR-PV) model which analyses the patterns of inferencing strategies, the role of context on the strategies, and the influence of teaching explicit strategies on vocabulary development. Research in the area of vocabulary development is unclear on the interrelationships among various aspects of lexical competence, learning, and production processes in second language lexical acquisition. Models of vocabulary acquisition in English as a second language are scarce and the lack often prompts L2 researchers to draw from first language vocabulary study models to correlate vocabulary developmental patterns. Research is also uncertain about how L2 learners respond to reading texts however, it is quite clear that the receptive vocabulary of L2 learners is larger than productive vocabulary.The study employed a mixed-method research approach and the findings suggest that both content and context play significant roles in the extent to which L2 learners interact efficiently with reading texts. The findings from the study may have pedagogical and theoretical implications for curriculum developers, instructors and policy makers in second language tertiary English learning contexts.
14
Mohd, Nawi Abdullah. "Applied Drama in English Language Learning." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Literacies and Arts in Education, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9584.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a reflective exploration of the use and impact of using drama pedagogies in the English as a Second Language (ESL)/ English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. It stems from the problem of secondary school English language learning in Malaysia, where current teaching practices appear to have led to the decline of the standard of English as a second language in school leavers and university graduates (Abdul Rahman, 1997; Carol Ong Teck Lan, Anne Leong Chooi Khaun, & Singh, 2011; Hazita et al., 2010; Nalliah & Thiyagarajah, 1999). This problem resonates with my own experiences at school, as a secondary school student, an ESL teacher and, later, as a teacher trainer. Consequently, these experiences led me to explore alternative or supplementary teaching methodologies that could enhance the ESL learning experience, drawing initially from drama techniques such as those advocated by Maley and Duff (1983), Wessels (1987), and Di Pietro (1983), and later from process drama pedagogies such as those advocated by Greenwood (2005); Heathcote and Bolton (1995); Kao and O'Neill (1998), and Miller and Saxton (2004). This thesis is an account of my own exploration in adapting drama pedagogies to ESL/EFL teaching. It examines ways in which drama pedagogies might increase motivation and competency in English language learning.
The main methodology of the study is that of reflective practice (e.g. Griffiths & Tann, 1992; Zeichner & Liston, 1996). It tracks a learning journey, where I critically reflect on my learning, exploring and implementing such pedagogical approaches as well as evaluate their impact on my students’ learning. These critical reflections arise from three case studies, based on three different contexts: the first a New Zealand English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) class in an intermediate school, the second a Malaysian ESL class in a rural secondary school, and the third an English proficiency class of adult learners in a language school. Data for the study were obtained through the following: research journal and reflective memo; observation and field notes; interview; social media; students’ class work; discussion with co-researchers; and through the literature of the field.
A major teaching methodology that emerges from the reflective cycles is that of staging the textbook, where the textbook section to be used for the teaching programme is distilled, and the key focuses of the language, skills, vocabulary, and themes to be learnt are identified and extracted. A layer of drama is matched with these distilled elements and then ‘staged’ on top of the textbook unit, incorporating context-setting opportunities, potential for a story, potential for tension or complication, and the target language elements.
The findings that emerge through critical reflection in the study relate to the drama methodologies that I learn and acquire, the impact of these methodologies on students, the role of culture in the application of drama methodologies, and language learning and acquisition. These findings have a number of implications. Firstly, they show how an English Language Teaching (ELT) practitioner might use drama methodologies and what their impact is on student learning. While the focus is primarily on the Malaysian context, aspects of the findings may resonate internationally. Secondly, they suggest a model of reflective practice that can be used by other ELT practitioners who are interested in using drama methodologies in their teaching. Thirdly, these findings also point towards the development of a more comprehensive syllabus for using drama pedagogies, as well as the development of reflective practice, in the teacher training programmes in Malaysia.
The use of drama pedagogies for language learning is a field that has not been researched in a Malaysian context. Therefore, this account of reflective practice offers a platform for further research and reflection in this context.
15
Mallan, Vijay Kumar, and n/a. "The influence of contextual factors on revision strategies : the case of four Malaysian native speakers of English in a mainstream E.S.L. classroom." University of Otago. Department of English, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061024.115955.
Full textAbstract:
This case study explored the revision strategies of four Malaysian native speakers of English when they composed aloud while writing an argumentative essay. Think aloud verbal protocols were analysed using the grounded theory approach in conjunction with written texts.
The findings suggest that contextual factors influenced classroom practices. The contextual factors included a teacher who was not provided with adequate training, administrative policies which did not provide support for the development of writers based on their abilities, writing instruction which viewed revision as a process of error correction and public assessment practices which were non-transparent. These classroom practices influenced the participants� beliefs about revision. These beliefs affected the quality of their essays as judged by Malaysian public examiners. Additionally, the findings suggest a mismatch between classroom instruction and public examination.
Suggestions are made to address these concerns by considering the theoretical underpinnings of the cognitive process, socio-cultural and community of practice models of writing and learning. These include instruction on revision strategies, considering alternative assessment practices, providing formative feedback, ability streaming, focussing on critical reading skills and providing adequate support to the teacher.
16
Sulistyo, Dore Corr. "Error analysis as an introduction to interference in Indonesian ESL composition." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1661.
Full textAbstract:
An overview of the historical background of error analysis and interference issues, followed by a sample error analysis in a case study context. This investigation of errors is significant in bringing to light the impact on English student writing of the differnces between English versus the indirect nature of various levels of Indonesian.
17
Mohamad, Jamil Siti Nurnadilla. "Selling race and God during GE13 : a discourse-historical analysis of editorials and columns in mainstream Malay- and English-language newspapers during the 13th General Election in Malaysia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34933.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis conducts a critical analysis of editorials and columns in mainstream newspapers during Malaysia's 13th General Election (GE13) campaign. In a country that practises parliamentary democracy but simultaneously observes a close cooperation (Mustafa, 2010, p. 51) between the ruling party and the mainstream press, this study explores the links between the two. The thesis demonstrates the continuing power of the mainstream press in the country. It also explores how a so-called parliamentary democracy can lead to authoritarian rule, as well as the role of the press in this process. Adhering to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) principles, the thesis describes and explains how particular relations of power are enacted, reproduced and legitimized within government-owned media, in this case Malaysia where control is institutionalized. This study specifically focuses on the discursive strategies of legitimation in editorials and columns, and how they present particular narratives or arguments in the interests of the powerful. The thesis offers a greater understanding of the deep ideological structures of mainstream newspapers and, in particular, their construction and (de)legitimisation of the government and opposition during the GE13 campaign. This investigation draws on various methods, from quantitative content analysis to the Discourse-historical Approach (DHA), and insights from a range of disciplines, to examine the discursive features of mainstream newspapers discourse during the GE13 campaign. The main contributions of the thesis are on theoretical, methodological and empirical grounds. It contributes to the body of knowledge on political communication research by focusing on the Asian-Malaysian context and moving away from Western-centric models that often overlook the key element of culture. The application of the DHA provides a novel and valuable contribution to the understanding of Malaysian election communication discourse through its interdisciplinary methods and analyses. The empirical investigation provides conclusive evidence that revolves around the issues of the perversion of developmental journalism, race/ethnicity, Islam and its abuses, as well as change and time. This thesis also reviews and reveals the extent to which the press in Malaysia is controlled, dominated and manipulated, thereby challenging those, including the ruling elite, who have claimed that Malaysia is a democratizing nation state.
18
Abdullah, Mohd Nor Azan Bin. "Étude comparative des structures et des systèmes verbaux du français et du malais." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1018/document.
Full textAbstract:
En parcourant l’histoire des deux langues malaise et sanscrite, nous avons non seulement mis encore plusen lumière que le malais puise dans la langue sanscrite mais également remarqué que les mots sanscritsempruntés ont subi des modifications au niveau phonologique. Par ailleurs, le préfixe sanscrit est toujoursutilisé pour créer de nouveaux mots. Nous avons proposé que le malais soit alors rattaché à la branche« Indo-malaisienne ». Nous mettons en évidence dans ce travail des structures phrastiques canoniquesd’une part du malais et d’autre part nous comparons les systèmes verbaux du français et du malais. Le malais présente un degré d’agglutination élevé alors que pour le français le phénomène est très rare. Nous voyons par exemple aussi qu’en français le complément indirect est introduit par une préposition alors que le malais omet la préposition, que le verbe « ada » en malais exprime certains sens des verbes « être et avoir », que les structures de transitivité du verbe et les structures aspectuelles ne sont pas identiques dans les deux langues, etc. Nous avons mis en place un formalisme qui permet de comparer les deux systèmes en nous inspirant des microsystèmes établis par S. Cardey et pour créer d’autres microsystèmes verbaux. Nous voyons ainsi mieux les convergences et divergences au niveau des structures et des systèmes verbaux du français et du malaisHaving closely examined the history of Malay and Sanskrit, we have not only shed new light on Malay’sdrawing on Sanskrit but we have also observed that words borrowed from Sanskrit have beenphonologically modified. Furthermore Malay still uses Sanskrit prefixes to generate new words. Wepropose that Malay be attached to the ‘Indo-Malaysian’ language branch. We have analyzed canonicalsentence structures and have also compared the verbal system of French and Malay. Malay is a highlyagglutinative language whilst for French verbs this phenomenon is very rare. We have observed forexample that the indirect object is introduced by a preposition in French whilst prepositions are absent inMalay; that the Malay verb “ada” can represent certain meanings of ‘be and have’ in French (être andavoir); that transitive and aspectual structures are not the same in the two languages, etc. We havedeveloped a formal representation which enables comparing the French and Malay languages systems, thisbeing inspired by S. Cardey’s micro-systemic approach which has also enabled creating other verbal microsystems.In doing so, we have clarified the similarities and differences concerning French and Malaystructures and verbal systems
19
Leow, Rachel. "Language, nation, and the state in the decolonisation of Malaya, c.1920-1965." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252253.
Full text
20
Muthiah, Kalaivahni. "What Happens to the Where, When and How in Malay?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2512/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I analyze three positions of the wh-word in Malay and attempt to explain what accounts for the differences between them. Specifically, I consider if the movement of the wh-interrogative is really wh-movement or if something else is going on. In regard to the the in-situ wh-words and the partially moved wh-words, I consider whether these move covertly and if they do, if this is feature movement or covert phrasal movement.
21
Woan, Lim Hui. "Phonological acquisition in three languages : a cross-sectional study in English, Mandarin and Malay." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14537/.
Full textAbstract:
The complex multiracial/multilingual situation of Malaysia poses challenges for local professionals, such as speech and language therapists, who work with children. The present cross-sectional study investigated ethnic Chinese children's simultaneous phonological acquisition of English, Mandarin and Malay, which are the three major local languages for the Malaysian Chinese population. The aims were to provide preliminary normative data on phonological acquisition for this population, as well as to investigate processes underlying multilingual phonological acquisition. Sixty-four pre-school children aged between 2;06-4;05 were recruited. A single-word naming test, a word consistency production subtest and an intonation imitation sub-test were devised for each of the three languages. Particular attention was paid to the characteristics of the local adult speech varieties as the benchmark for assessing and analyzing the children's responses on the tests. This sociolinguistic dimension has often been neglected in previous research with similar populations, where non-local, e.g. "standard" adult varieties have been taken to be the language model for the children being studied. The children's phonological acquisition was analysed in term of consonants, vowels, syllable structures, word production consistency, intonation and tones (Mandarin only). Overall, significant developmental trends were evident for all three languages. Most phonological components under study were acquired by 4;00-4;05. Similar phonological milestones were achieved as those reported in the literature for monolingual and bilingual peers acquiring the same languages, though some qualitative and quantitative differences were observed. Overall, the patterns of phonological development that were identified reflect the interaction of common cross-linguistic tendencies with the specific characteristics of the three ambient languages. As well as having clinical implications, the present findings contribute to the development of theory and models for multilingual phonological acquisition. The reliability and validity of the test battery indicate that it will prove a valuable tool for speech and language therapy practice and for future research.
22
Ibrahim, Hasnah binti Haji. "Oh Babel! : the problems of translating Malay verse into English." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110586/.
Full textAbstract:
The study, as explained in the Prologue, was begun with the aim of compiling and analysing the problems of translating Malay verse into English. However, because the tradition is little known outside its birthplace. Chapters I and II trace the birth and perpetuation of the Malayo-English tradition of verse translation, giving examples of the translations carried out. and drawing attention to the problems encountered. These chapters also seek to identify the reasons for translating. The anomalous practice of translating into a language which is not the translator's native language-- which is rampant in the tradition studied-as well as the variety of modes encountered, necessitate a search for a theoretical framework which would accomodate such facts of the tradition. Chapter III elaborates on the theoretical considerations made out and the methodology adopted. The theoretical considerations show that such a framework could be provided by a working definition, if it is rigorous enough to differentiate translation from its kindred activities, such as parody, yet flexible enough to accomodate the various acceptable modes of translation. A pro-tern working definition of the translation process is proposed in Chapter IV. The practical implications of this definition are discussed in Chapters V and VI. Chapter V discusses the effects of the independent variables on the actual translating process; i.e., how each of the independent variables identified in the definition of the process could give rise to a spectrum of translation pathways, and thereby to a variety of translation products. It is realised at this juncture that to enable a descriptive analysis of the translation process/products, these modes have not only to be identified but also to be systematically named. Chapter VI describes the translation spectrum and proposes a system of labelling the components of the translation spectrum. Chapter VII attempts an objective reviewal of the study, assessing its contribution to knowledge, whilst making clear its limitations and its dependence on earlier works. The study closes with an Epilogue.
23
Leong, Phoebe Christina. "The Study of Malaysian Learners' Strategies while Studying a Second Language." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4597.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, the process by which language acquisition took place was largely ignored. Learning strategies were found to reveal much of the processes that occurred in a learner. In recent years, however, there was a greater emphasis in discovering learner's strategies because of the important role it played in helping the learner control his learning. Most researchers (e.g., Rubin 1975, Stern 1974, O'Malley 1985) emphasize not only the importance of learner strategies in helping the student direct his own learning, but they also emphasize the usefulness of transferring strategies used by successful learners to less successful learners. In order to discover the number and type of strategies that Malaysian learners actually use, it was necessary to distinguish first the successful and unsuccessful learners as well as to distinguish the three different ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese, and Indians) that live in Malaysia. This study examines an aspect of learner strategies in a multi-cultural environment, and attempts to answer research questions regarding the following: 1 . The kind of strategies used by successful and unsuccessful learners within each ethnic group. 2. The number of strategies used by successful and unsuccessful learners within each ethnic group. 3. The kind of strategies used by successful learners among the three groups. 4. The number of strategies used by successful and unsuccessful learners among the three groups. To examine these questions, Oxford's Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was employed on ninety-eight Malaysian subjects. The inventory consisted of 50 questions consisting of six major strategy groups (memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective, and social). The data from the questionnaires was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test. It was discovered that successful and unsuccessful Malaysian learners in general did not use strategies very differently from each other. The only strategy that seemed to be used differently was memory and effective strategies. The number of strategies used did not also· differ very significantly from each other. Their close mean scores indicated that the difference in the number of strategies used was minimal. Also, the most frequently used strategies appeared to be metacognitive and compensation strategies for all three ethnic groups. It would seem surprising that given the multi-cultural environment, and the differences in the Malaysian learners background, the type and number of strategies did not appear to differ very much from each other. The reason could lie in Oxford's inventory which seemed to be more Western-based than Easternbased, or it could be that something else was happening here, and Malaysian learners were using a whole different set of strategies not listed in Oxford's SILL. Nevertheless, the differences in findings among different countries may reveal to us that findings in one country are greatly linked to their cultural backgrounds, and thus one should be cautious in trying to generalize it for other countries.
24
Krsto, Jakšić. "Razvoj malih preduzeća i preduzetništva u uslovima krize." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101496&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
U uslovima krize pokazalo se da je za mala i srednja preduzeća najbitnije širenje trţišta i da Akt EU o malim i srednjem preduzećima ne utiĉe na uspešnost njihovog poslovanja.In the crisis conditiones market spreading is crutial for small and midle firms business success.
25
Danica, Zrnić. "Razvoj modela konkurentnosti malih i srednjih preduzeća u tranzicionim uslovima." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=87638&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
U disertaciji je kreiran novi modelkonkurentnosti malih i srednjih preduzeća utranzicionim uslovima u funkciji optimizacijeperformansi, održanja i sticanja konkurentnosti.Istraživanje omogućuje identifikovanje ključnihindikatora konkurentnosti malih i srednjihpreduzeća u tranzicionim uslovima, ali i njihovuevaluaciju, na taj način pružajući malim isrednjim preduzećima neophodan alat kojiomogućuje efikasno praćenje i procenukonkurentnosti, merenje efikasnosti poslovanja,upoređivanje sa konkurentima, kao iformulisanje adekvatne konkurentske strategije.U disertaciji se na odgovarajući način možesagledati signifikantnost eksternih faktoraokruženja, kao i konkurentskih strategija injihova korelacija sa identifikovanim ključnimindikatorima konkurentnosti malih i srednjihpreduzeća u tranzicionim uslovima, čime seuspostavlja veza između konkurentnosti malih isrednjih preduzeća u tranzicionim uslovima iprimene odgovarajućih strategija u poslovanju.A new competitiveness model of small andmedium sized enteprises in transitional contexthas been created in this dissertation, as afunction of performance optimization,maintenance and acquisition of competitiveness.This research enables identification of keycompetitiveness indicators of small and mediumsized enterprises in transition economies, as wellas their evaluation, thus providing small andmedium sized enteprises with a necessary toolfor efficient monitoring and assessment ofcompetitiveness, business efficiencymeasurement, benchmarking, as well asformulation of adequate competitive strategies.The significance of external environmentalfactors, as well as of competitive strategies, andtheir correlation with the identified keycompetitiveness indicators of small and mediumsized enteprises in the transitional context canbe adequately observed, thus establishing therelationship between competitiveness of smalland medium sized enterprises in transitioneconomies and implementation of adequatebusiness strategies.
26
Zdenka, Dudić. "Razvoj modela za ocenu inovativnih aktivnosti malih i srednjih preduzeća." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107265&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Merenje inovativnih aktivnosti je važno da bi se moglo upravljati i uspešnije poslovati preduzećem. Mnogi alati su se pojavili na tržištu ali uglavnom svi su posmatrali uspešnost preduzeća isključivo kroz finansijske aspekte. Model koji je uključivao sve aspekte u preduzeću, ne samo finansijsku komponentu i koji se pokazao kao efikasan alat je Balanced Scoredcard (BSC) model. Pojavom ovog modela stvara se sinergija na nivou celog preduzeća, jer pomoću ovog modela moguće je identifikovati strateške indikatore koje preduzeće treba da postigne da bi unapredilo svoje poslovanje. Ovaj rad posmatra trenutnu situaciju po pitanju inovacija i uvođenja inovativnih aktivnosti u poslovanje u preduzećima na teritoriji Republike Srbije, ali i to da li BSC model primenljiv za ocenu i praćenje inovativnih aktivnosti u preduzećima. Modifikovan BSC model uz pažljivo odabrane faktore sa fokusom na inovativne aktivnosti je dobar pomoćni alat za merenje i neprekidno praćenje performansi preduzeća. Primena ovakvih alata u malim i srednjim preduzećima bi unapredila i poboljšala njihovo poslovanje.Measuring innovative activities is important in order to manage and operate the enterprise more effectively. Many tools appeared on the market, but most of them measured the business success based on financial results. The Balanced Scoredcard (BSC) model, however, included all the aspects of the company, not just a financial component, and it was proven to be an effective tool. The emergence of this model created synergy throughout the company, because this model enabled identification of the strategic indicators that the company should achieve in order to improve its business. This paper shows the current situation regarding to innovation and the introduction of innovative activities in business operations in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, but also explores whether the BSC model is applicable for the evaluation and monitoring of innovative activities in enterprises. A modified BSC model with very carefully selected factors with a focus on innovative activities is a good auxiliary tool for measuring and continuously monitoring the performance of the company. The application of such tools in small and medium-sized enterprises would improve their business.
27
Alaperä, Marja. "El juego del poder sexual de la mujer en la novela de la niña mala de Mario Vargas LLosa." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-84183.
Full text
28
Đorđe, Ćelić. "Ključni faktori uspešnosti malih i srednjih preduzeća u uslovima tranzicije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101321&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je ambijent ekonomije znanja iposlovanje malih i srednjih preduzeća u tom ambijentu. Problemistraživanja je analiza faktora koji utiču na uspešnost malih isrednjih preduzeća. Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrde ključni faktoriuspešnosti malih i srednjih preduzeća u Srbiji kako bi sedefinisale mere za povećanje konkurentnosti ovog sektora i razviomodel upravljanja malim i srednjim preduzećima u ekonomiji znanja nabazi ključnih faktora uspešnosti. Vrednost dobijenih rezultataproističe iz cilja istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije, koji u širemsmislu podrazumeva pružanje informacija naučnoj i stručnoj javnostikoje mogu doprineti daljem razvoju sektora MSP i boljem upravljanjuna bazi ključnih faktora uspešnosti.The subject of this work is the environment of the knowledge economy andthe business of small and medium enterprises in this environment. Theproblem of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the performanceof small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of the research is to identifythe key success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises in Serbia inorder to define measures to increase the competitiveness of the sector anddeveloped a model of management of small and medium enterprises in theknowledge economy based on the key factors of success. The value of theresults of this study arises from the research objectives within the frameworkof this thesis, which in a broader sense means providing information to thescientific and professional community that can contribute to the furtherdevelopment of the SME sector and better management of SMEs on thebasis of the key success factors
29
Appleby, Joshua. "Making the most of life’s uncertainty: An analysis of the philosophies and musical language of David Ades." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2446.
Full textAbstract:
This project explores the compositional and improvisational techniques idiosyncratic to David Ades, specifically within his last two recordings as leader: A Glorious Uncertainty and A Life in a Day. Interviews were conducted with collaborators and those musically associated with Ades to provide a deep understanding of the philosophical values governing his musical approach. In association with this, selected recordings from the aforementioned albums were transcribed for analysis. Areas of analytical focus were arrangement, form and structure, pitch arrangement, rhythmic devices, articulation, effects, dynamics, and interaction. Due to the freedom Ades sought within his music, the work of musicologists such as Ekkehard Jost in his book Free Jazz, Dave Liebman’s and Lewis Porter’s analyses of Coltrane’s music, and Stroessner’s adaptation of Jan LaRue’s work have been employed for analysis. Having established a comprehensive overview of Ades’s musical idiosyncrasies and the philosophy behind them, this document acts not only as an insight into the musician, but a potential source for application to artistic practice, encouraging the development of a personal musical lexicon.
30
Mirjana, Brdar. "Dvoparametarski singularno perturbovani konturni problemi na mrežama različitog tipa." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100302&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
U tezi se istražuje uniformna konvergencija Galerkinovog postupka konačnih elemenata na mrežama različitog tipa za dvoparametarske singularno perturbovane probleme.Uvedene su slojno-adaptivne mreže za probleme konvekcije-reakcije-difuzije: Bahvalovljeva, Duran-Šiškinova i Duranova za jednodimenzionalni i Duran-Šiškinova i Duranova mreža za dvodimenzionalni problem. Za pomenute probleme na svim ovim mrežama analizirane su greške interpolacije, diskretizacije i greška u energetskoj normi i dokazana je uniformna konvergencija Galerkinovog postupka konačnih elemenata. Sva teorijska tvrđenja su potvrđena numeričkim eksperimentima. The thesis explores the uniform convergence for Galerkin nite elementmethod on various meshes for two parameter singularly perturbed problems.Layer-adapted meshes are introduced for convection-reaction-diusionproblems: Bakhvalov, Duran-Shishkin and Duran meshes for a one dimensionaland Duran-Shishkin and Duran meshes for a two dimensional problem.We analyze the errors of interpolation, discretization and error in the energynorm and prove the parameter uniform convergence for Galerkin nite elementmethod on mentioned meshes. Numerical experiments support theoreticalndings.
31
Miloš, Vorkapić. "Модел за обезбеђење унапређења процеса производње и лансирање новог производа у предузећима малосеријског типа производње на територији Републике Србије." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnički fakultet Mihajlo Pupin u Zrenjaninu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=99802&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
У овом раду приказан је модел заобезбеђење унапређења процесапроизводње у предузећимамалосеријског типа производње натериторији Републике Србије. Модел јетестиран у малосеријској производњи.Веродостојност модела се огледа кроз:дефинисање основних функција,дефинисање фактора окружења, значајресурса, анализу улаза и излаза упроцесу малосеријске производње.Модел даје решење за унапређењеконкурентске способности домаћихпредузећа при освајању и лансирањуновог производа. Модел је применљив упредузећима на територији РепубликеСрбије чије се пословање заснива наистом или сличном технолошкомпоступку. На основу податакаистраживања евидентирани су пробеми упредузећима са малосеријскомпроизводњом: знање појединаца, поделаи реализација задатака, неусклађеностпослова, трошкови операција, слабакомуникација са потрошачима, давањеодложеног плаћања.U ovom radu prikazan je model zaobezbeđenje unapređenja procesaproizvodnje u preduzećimamaloserijskog tipa proizvodnje nateritoriji Republike Srbije. Model jetestiran u maloserijskoj proizvodnji.Verodostojnost modela se ogleda kroz:definisanje osnovnih funkcija,definisanje faktora okruženja, značajresursa, analizu ulaza i izlaza uprocesu maloserijske proizvodnje.Model daje rešenje za unapređenjekonkurentske sposobnosti domaćihpreduzeća pri osvajanju i lansiranjunovog proizvoda. Model je primenljiv upreduzećima na teritoriji RepublikeSrbije čije se poslovanje zasniva naistom ili sličnom tehnološkompostupku. Na osnovu podatakaistraživanja evidentirani su probemi upreduzećima sa maloserijskomproizvodnjom: znanje pojedinaca, podelai realizacija zadataka, neusklađenostposlova, troškovi operacija, slabakomunikacija sa potrošačima, davanjeodloženog plaćanja.
This paper shows a model for improvementof manufacturing process in small-scaleenterprises on the territory of Republic ofSerbia. The model was tested on smallscaleproduction. The validity of the modelcan be seen through: defining basicfunctions, defining environmental factors,importance of resources, analysis of inputand output in the process of small-scaleproduction. The model provides thesolution for improvement of competitiveability of domestic enterprises inconquering and launching a new product.The model is applicable in enterprises onthe territory of Republic of Serbia whosebusiness is based on the same or similartechnological procedure. Based on researchdata, problems in enterprises with smallscaleproduction were evident: knowledgeof individuals, distribution and realizationof the project, mismatch of jobs,operational expenses, poor communicationwith consumers, granting differed payment.
32
Sanja, Stanisavljev. "Развој стохастичког модела оптимизације времена трајања циклуса производње у малим и средњим предузећима." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104398&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
У докторској дисертацијиприказан је развој стохастичког модела оптимизације времена трајања циклуса производње у малим и средњим предузећима. Модел ће омогућити ефикасно праћење и анализу елемената врема циклуса производње у малим и средњим предузећима, у циљу оптимизације серијске производње и побољшања конкурентности у савременом пословању. Циљ је боље управљање производњом у малим и средљим предузећима као носиоцима привредног раста и развоја. Модел је примењен и експериментално доказан у три предузећа где је истраживање спроведено у периоду 2011-2014 године.U doktorskoj disertacijiprikazan je razvoj stohastičkog modela optimizacije vremena trajanja ciklusa proizvodnje u malim i srednjim preduzećima. Model će omogućiti efikasno praćenje i analizu elemenata vrema ciklusa proizvodnje u malim i srednjim preduzećima, u cilju optimizacije serijske proizvodnje i poboljšanja konkurentnosti u savremenom poslovanju. Cilj je bolje upravljanje proizvodnjom u malim i sredljim preduzećima kao nosiocima privrednog rasta i razvoja. Model je primenjen i eksperimentalno dokazan u tri preduzeća gde je istraživanje sprovedeno u periodu 2011-2014 godine.
The Doctoral Dissertation presents the development of stochastic optimization model of production cycle time in small and medium size enterprises.The model will enable efficient tracking and analysis of production cycle time elements in small and medium size enterprises in order to optimize assenibly line production and to improve competitiveness in modern business.The aim is better production contol in small and medium size enterprisesas industial growth and development holders. The model was applied and proved experimentally in three enerprises where the research was caried out from 2011 to 2014.
33
Nataša, Pavlović. "Примена концепта маркетинга тоталног односа у пословању малих и средњих туристичких предузећа у Војводини." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95445&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Мала и средња предузећа су тренутно најважнији покретач свих економских токова у привреди неке земље. Основна тежња у докторској дисертацији била је да се испитају специфичне карактеристике које мала и средња туристичка предузећа у Војводини разликују од великих, а самим тим и потврди значај мале привреде у односу на велике пословне формате у туристичкој привреди. Маркетиншким активностима малих и средњих туристичких предузећа дуго времена се приступало у контексту постојећих традиционалних модела који су се ослањали на маркетинг стратегије и праксе великих компанија. Међутим, специфичности туристичког МСП сектора, као и ограничења која ова предузећа имају у сопственом пословању, указују на потребу развијања нових приступа и маркетинг модела.Истраживање у докторској дисертацији било је мотивисано проблематикомутврђивања примене маркетинга тоталног односа и релација које су њимедефинисане у пословању малих и средњих туристичких предузећа у Војводини.Основни циљ истраживања је компарација теоријски присутних релација, описаних у литератури, са њиховом присутношћу на туристичком тржишту и у пословању малих и средњих туристичких предузећа. Такође, у докторској дисертацији су најбитније релације маркетинга тоталног односа за пословање ових испитани су ставови запослених о примени 30 маркетинг релација ипримени интерног маркетинга, као једног од значајнијих сегмената маркетингатоталног односа. Сам истраживачки процес, путем квалитативних иквантитативних метода, односно примарних и секундарних истраживања трајао је две године и обухватио је укупно 675 испитаника.Спроведенa истраживања упућују на закључак да мала и средња туристичкапредузећа, у зависности од природе посла који обављају и потреба пословања,примењују савремене маркетиншке стратегије. Интензивнија примена би ипактребало да укључи све остале учеснике који се јављају у туристичкој дестинацији.Блиски и дугорочни односи са њима довешће до јачања конкурентности Војводине на туристичком тржишту. Маркетинг тоталног односа требало би да прожима све аспекте пословања малих и средњих туристичких предузећа, као и осталих заинтересованих страна.Mala i srednja preduzeća su trenutno najvažniji pokretač svih ekonomskih tokova u privredi neke zemlje. Osnovna težnja u doktorskoj disertaciji bila je da se ispitaju specifične karakteristike koje mala i srednja turistička preduzeća u Vojvodini razlikuju od velikih, a samim tim i potvrdi značaj male privrede u odnosu na velike poslovne formate u turističkoj privredi. Marketinškim aktivnostima malih i srednjih turističkih preduzeća dugo vremena se pristupalo u kontekstu postojećih tradicionalnih modela koji su se oslanjali na marketing strategije i prakse velikih kompanija. Međutim, specifičnosti turističkog MSP sektora, kao i ograničenja koja ova preduzeća imaju u sopstvenom poslovanju, ukazuju na potrebu razvijanja novih pristupa i marketing modela.Istraživanje u doktorskoj disertaciji bilo je motivisano problematikomutvrđivanja primene marketinga totalnog odnosa i relacija koje su njimedefinisane u poslovanju malih i srednjih turističkih preduzeća u Vojvodini.Osnovni cilj istraživanja je komparacija teorijski prisutnih relacija, opisanih u literaturi, sa njihovom prisutnošću na turističkom tržištu i u poslovanju malih i srednjih turističkih preduzeća. Takođe, u doktorskoj disertaciji su najbitnije relacije marketinga totalnog odnosa za poslovanje ovih ispitani su stavovi zaposlenih o primeni 30 marketing relacija iprimeni internog marketinga, kao jednog od značajnijih segmenata marketingatotalnog odnosa. Sam istraživački proces, putem kvalitativnih ikvantitativnih metoda, odnosno primarnih i sekundarnih istraživanja trajao je dve godine i obuhvatio je ukupno 675 ispitanika.Sprovedena istraživanja upućuju na zaključak da mala i srednja turističkapreduzeća, u zavisnosti od prirode posla koji obavljaju i potreba poslovanja,primenjuju savremene marketinške strategije. Intenzivnija primena bi ipaktrebalo da uključi sve ostale učesnike koji se javljaju u turističkoj destinaciji.Bliski i dugoročni odnosi sa njima dovešće do jačanja konkurentnosti Vojvodine na turističkom tržištu. Marketing totalnog odnosa trebalo bi da prožima sve aspekte poslovanja malih i srednjih turističkih preduzeća, kao i ostalih zainteresovanih strana.
Small and medium enterprises are currently the most important driver of every country. Since tourism is representing a fertile ground for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is important to emphasize that the synergy between them will improve comparative advantages and achieve more effective results in tourism industry. The main tendency in this doctoral dissertation was to examine specific characteristics that small and medium tourism enterprises differ from large, and thus confirms the importance of small business in relation to large commercial formats in the tourism industry. Marketing activities of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises for a long time has been approached in the context of the traditional model, which relied on marketing strategies and practices of large companies. However, the specifics of SME tourism sector, as well as the constraints that these companies have in their own operations, point to the need for development of new approaches and marketing models.The research in this doctoral dissertation was motivated by determining the application of the total relationship marketing by small and medium-sized tourism enterprises in Vojvodina as well as the relationships defined by total relationship marketing. The aim of the research is a comparison of the theoretically present relationships described in literature, with their presence in the tourism market and in the operations of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises in Vojvodina. One of the objectives is to determine the most important relationships for small and medium-sized tourism enterprises, as well as the attitudes of employees about the present relationships in enterprises, and the implementation of internal marketing as a significant segment of the total relationship marketing. The research process, through qualitative and quantitative methods, and primary and secondary research, included a total of 675 respondents.Research reports indicate that small and medium-sized tourism enterprises, depending on the nature of their work and the needs of the business, are applying modern marketing strategies. Intensive implementation should still include all t he other participants in the tourist destination. Close and long-term relations with them will strengthen the competitiveness of Vojvodina in the tourist market. Total relationship marketing should permeate all aspects of the business of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises, as well as all other interested parties.
34
Tengroth, Vibeke. "La masculinidad en la literatura de Vargas Llosa : Análisis de la masculinidad en los dos protagonistas de Pantaleón y las visitadoras y Travesuras de la niña mala." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för spanska, portugisiska och latinamerikastudier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28572.
Full textAbstract:
A través de un análisis de dos protagonistas en dos libros diferentes de Mario Vargas Llosa: Pantaleón de Pantaleón y las visitadoras y Ricardo de Travesuras de la niña mala, se investiga en este estudio si los personajes del análisis tienen rasgos que, según las teorías elegidas pueden verse como masculinos. Al principio del trabajo se presentan algunos estudios científicos y sus resultados de la investigación sobre lo que es la masculinidad. Luego, en el análisis, se investigan las características de los dos personajes en relación a tres puntos teóricos (relaciones extramatrimoniales con mujeres de clase subordinada, confirmación de la masculinidad teniendo relaciones extramatrimoniales y logos y el hombre racional), cada cual conteniendo diferentes aspectos de la masculinidad. En oposición a nuestra hipótesis, que el Pantaleón de Pantaleón y las visitadoras iba a tener más rasgos comunes con la teoría que Ricardo en Travesuras de la niña mala, hemos visto que, Pantaleón se aparta bastante de la teoría, sobre todo en cuanto a la racionalidad. Existen, tanto semejanzas entre los dos personajes y la teoría, como diferencias. En cuanto al concepto de la masculinidad, hemos visto en el análisis que, al igual que lo que dicen los teóricos presentados, la masculinidad puede cambiar o variarse con el tiempo, ya que los libros fueron escritos en dos épocas diferentes.
35
Cumming, Susanna Arens. "Syntactic function and constituent order change in Malay." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23630426.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1988.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-298).
36
Paauw, Scott H. "A historical analysis of the lexical sources of Sri Lanka Malay /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ99370.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Theoretical Linguistics.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-81). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ99370
37
MawYuan-Ng and 黃懋元. "Spatial Writing by Malay Building Language." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89411146222084701734.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
98
This thesis contains two parts: the first part is a study of traditional Malay houses, the second part is to apply the study results in design and planning. The building language of Malay house is made up by 5 unique “characters” in the structure as reflected in the truss form; and ways of spatial layout as found in house extension and house grouping. The language has been systematically explored as follows: I. Deform exercise: Knowing the building language by doing some deformation, under the rule of proportion and parameters control. II. New type design: Using a new idea as a mutation factor, that is folding the volume of Malay spaces, to create new type. III. Forming house clusters: exploring different combinations to create meaningful spatial experiences as new dwelling opportunity for Malay community. IV. Settlement planning: Using the ‘patch’ idea to make a new settlement. The site is located at countryside of Kulai, Malaysia, between a nature woodland and over-developing area. The ‘patch’ idea is precisely suitable to balance the chosen environment. This design thesis exercises the concept of typological design and patch-making idea, which bring the new eyeshot and attempt to Malay tradition. The inherent of Malay house do not vanish, only the external appearances witness changes. Learning from the tradition, design can achieve innovations.
38
Koh, Ann Sweesun. "Topics in colloquial Malay." 1990. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2271.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a description of some common linguistic features of Colloquial Malay, a spoken variety of the Malay language used by native Malay speakers of Malaysia among themselves in everyday unmarked speech situations. While linguistic works and grammars of Standard Malay (or, Bahasa Malaysia), the national language of Malaysia are numerous, there are very few works on the less formal varieties and dialects of Malay spoken in Malaysia. Little importance is given to studying Colloquial Malay and scholarly works on Colloquial Malay are very rare. This thesis seeks to explore and compare various formal properties of Colloquial Malay and Standard Malay and in doing so, to contribute to this largely unexplored area of study in the Malay language.In this work I aim to provide a description of some of the major characteristics of CM in contrast with SM based on a comparison of one sizeable CM text with a comparable SM narrative text. An inductive method is used in analysing inter-and intra-textual shifts in register, that is, shifts in the degree of formality or informality, which correlate with the use of CM-like properties and SM-like properties. From this I build up a description of a set of CM features which can be expected to be characteristic of actual colloquial Malay usage, which will provide a basis for further study. The types of CM features described are diverse and include lexical, morphological and syntactic properties.
The lexical features examined include variant phonological forms, colloquial lexical roots, semantic shifts in the colloquial usage of some common roots, code-switching and English loans, the class of emotive, modal and illocutionary particles, and the classes of pronouns and prepositions in Colloquial Malay. Some typical Colloquial Malay expressions, phrases and constructions are dealt with briefly. Several grammatical features are considered: affixation and its frequency in Colloquial Malay relative to Standard Malay; ‘passive’ and causative constructions; the structure of the noun phrase; the Modifier-punya-Head construction, a typical Colloquial Malay construction; verbal auxiliaries; and typical uses of the adverbial saja/(a)je ‘only, just’ in Colloquial Malay. Clause combining strategies, which include subordination, coordination, verb serialization and juxtaposition, are discussed as well.
39
Carroll, Diana June. "William Marsden and his Malayo-Polynesian legacy." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109582.
Full textAbstract:
William Marsden (1754-1836) exercised a strong influence on the study of island
Southeast Asia. After early experience in Sumatra, he returned to England in December
1779. His journal publications quickly established him among the intellectual elite. In
1783 some months before the publication of the History of Sumatra Marsden was elected
to the Royal Society. Between 1795 and 1807 he was a high-ranking civil servant at the
Admiralty. His scholarly life was thus neatly divided into an eighteenth century and an
early nineteenth century period. Inspired and informed by the publication of Cook's
voyages, Marsden was instrumental in identifying the Malayo-Polynesian language
family, especially through his 1783 History of Sumatra.
Marsden identified the major components of Malay languages and culture as MalayoPolynesian,
Islamic and Hindu-Buddhist. The Malayo-Polynesian and Islamic were
dominant in the 1783 History; the third emerged from an article completed from his
work in the 1790s. These three elements effectively dictated the future directions of
Malay studies. Although there were radical changes in the nature of scholarship during
the nineteenth century Marsden's article identifying Hindu elements in Malay culture
was immensely influential in the formative years of Peninsular Malay studies.
The two main versions of his History were written for entirely different audiences. The
1783 History was intended as a scholarly work that would explain and provide evidence
for Marsden' s linguistic theories. It is a work of its time. This thesis elucidates the
eighteenth century world view and ideas of civilisation which underlay the work, as well
as analysing the work itself. The revisions in the 1811 History were intended to improve
its practical usefulness and reflect the changed intellectual context of the early nineteenth
century. In the 1783 edition of his History Marsden employed the eighteenth century concept of
"national character" to explain the "physical" and "moral" causes of similarities and
difference. He demonstrated that similarities between the Sumatrans and the Polynesians
had "physical" causes. Marsden argued that the Sumatran languages were more
"improved" and that the Malay language was the most "improved" of the MalayoPolynesian
language group. Further the literate Sumatran peoples were more "advanced"
and the Malays the most "advanced" of the Malayo-Polynesian peoples. To this end he
also argued that there were significant differences between the Malays and all other
Malayo-Polynesians of the Archipelago. Marsden introduced the issue of Malay
"identity" in Malay studies and argued that the Malays had a "national character" that
was distinct from that of "other" Sumatrans. His description of Malay "identity" is very
similar to that found in Malay literature of the period.
The 1811 edition of Marsden's History is more encyclopaedic than the 1783 edition. The
delineation of Sumatra's economic potential and the incorporation of material collected
from a variety of sources to update and expand the account tends to overshadow the
former scholarly focus on the peoples of Sumatra and on his original observation.
In the final chapter, the mixed legacy of Marsden's scholarship is traced, chiefly through
the papers published by other British scholars over the succeeding century.
40
Salehuddin, Khazriyati. "The acquisition of numeral classifiers by Malay children." Thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/489538.
Full textAbstract:
Numeral classifiers are typically used in counting or referring to objects. Numeral classifiers acquisition is of interest to researchers as researchers are able to examine how children learn to categorise and label objects in their environment using a constrained framework, and how this ability develops and becomes more refined with age. Cross-linguistic studies on numeral classifier acquisition provide researchers with greater insights into patterns that are both universal and language-specific. Malay numeral classifier acquisition has not been previously investigated. Thus, the current research aimed to investigate Malay numeral classifier acquisition to identify the acquisition patterns that are specific to Malay and also common with other numeral classifier languages previously studied. Four experiments were conducted on 6- to 9-year-old Malay children and a comparison group of adults in this thesis: Experiment 1 (Elicited Production Task), Experiment 2 (Matching Comprehension Task), Experiment 3 (Strong-Weak Contrasts Discrimination Task) and Experiment 4 (Select The Odd-One-Out Task). Preliminary and supplementary data was collected. A survey on typicality of exemplars was initially conducted to select the test stimuli to be used with each shape-based numeral classifier. An analysis of numeral classifier frequency occurring in a general Malay database and a database constructed from materials relevant to children was conducted. In addition, numeral classifier usage occurring in caretaker-child interactions was investigated using a counting game. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted to investigate the acquisition order of Malay numeral classifier production and comprehension, and the factors that affect their order. In Experiment 1, children were asked to count the items they saw in a range of picture stimuli depicting objects that require numeral classifiers in counting processes. In Experiment 2, children were asked to match a numeral classifier name to the items that require the use of the particular numeral classifier in counting activities. It was found that children used omission and substitutions as strategies in place of unknown numeral classifiers. These substitutions and omissions revealed that children depend, to a large extent, on perceptual features in categorizing objects. In addition, the relative complexity of semantic features of numeral classifiers and children’s linguistic environment, which includes both informal usage and formal instruction of numeral classifiers, affect Malay numeral classifier acquisition order. Experiments 3 and 4 were conducted to investigate how children categorise items into particular numeral classifier categories. In Experiment 3, children were requested to select an item from a picture-pair stimulus that would match the numeral classifier name correctly when the stimulus was presented to them. In Experiment 4, children were requested to select an item from a series of picture stimulus that does not belong to the named numeral classifier category. It was found that children categorise objects with more correct responses when there are strong rather than weak contrasts between the exemplars of shape-based numeral classifiers. Children also sorted typical exemplars more correctly with faster responses in Experiment 3. In Experiment 4, the youngest children (the 6-year-olds) selected the perceptually different member as the odd-one-out rather than the perceptually similar non-member. In contrast, the older children predominantly selected the perceptually similar non-member as the odd-one-out. This indicates that young children are strongly influenced by the perceptual features in the categorisation of objects into numeral classifier categories, and that children’s knowledge of the semantics of numeral classifier categories gradually develops and becomes more refined as they grow older. The Malay numeral classifier system is
shaped by both universal cognitive-based and language-specific categorisation processes. This thesis has shown that numeral classifier acquisition order and the way children classify objects into the numeral classifier categories are influenced by multiple factors, which includes semantic complexity, linguistic environment, exemplar typicality, and young children’s tendency to rely on perceptual features. This research further indicates that the acquisition of Malay numeral classifiers is a relatively prolonged process in comparison to other numeral classifier languages because numeral classifier usage is less obligatory in Malay in comparison to other numeral classifier languages.
41
Mohd, Ibrahim Hasherah. "Nasality in the Malay language: development of an assessment protocol for Malay speaking children with cleft lip and/or palate." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5658.
Full textAbstract:
The need for a standard approach for the diagnosis of speech disorders, in particular resonance disorders associated with cleft lip and/or palate, has been recognised. A reliable and valid measure of nasality is important, because it not only affects clinical decision making but is also essential for the evaluation of treatment outcomes. In order to allow cross-linguistic comparisons of the assessment of resonance, language specific stimuli developed according to a common set of guidelines have been recommended. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the development of an assessment protocol for use in Malay speaking individuals with clefts of the lip and/or palate, specifically focusing on the detection of nasality. A series of four studies were completed which systematically developed and then validated a set of stimuli in the Malay language using both perceptual and instrumental measures.In the first study, three stimuli were developed for the assessment of nasality based on both the proportion of nasal phonemes in typical conversation samples in Malay and guidelines from the current international literature. The phonetic content of the stimuli were comparable to similar passages used in English and comprised of an Oral Passage, a Nasal Passage and a Set of Sentences.
In the second study, the stimuli constructed were tested in a large number of typically developing (non-cleft) Malay speaking children using both instrumental and perceptual methods of assessment. The results of this study provide the first set of normative data of nasalance scores for the three newly developed stimuli. The mean nasalance score for the Oral Passage was 13.86% (SD = 5.11, 95% CI = 13.04–14.68), 60.28% (SD = 6.99, 95% CI = 59.15–61.41) for the Nasal Passage, and 27.72% (SD = 4.74, 95% CI = 26.96–28.49) for the Set of Sentences. These scores were significantly different from each other suggesting that they can be used to detect the different types of resonance disorder in speech (e.g. hypernasality and/or hyponasality).
In the third study, the stimuli were validated in a sample of Malay speaking children with cleft of the lip and/or palate and compared with a control population. Nasality was measured using perceptual evaluation and nasometry. The results suggested that the Oral Passage and Set of Sentences developed in Malay were valid measures for detecting hypernasality for both perceptual evaluation of nasality, and for nasometry. Due to the small number of participants that were hyponasal, the validity of the Nasal Passage could not be determined.
For nasometry to be clinically relevant threshold values that indicate abnormal nasality are required. The threshold values for each of the stimuli were first ascertained after obtaining typical nasality levels from a group of healthy Malay speaking children and then tested in a sample of cleft and non-cleft Malay speaking children. In contrast to the nasalance cutoffs obtained from typical Malay speaking children, the cutoffs obtained from the cleft children yielded better outcomes for detecting resonance disorders. The cutoffs were: ≥ 22% for the Oral Passage (sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.93, overall efficiency = 0.92), ≥ 30% for the Set of Sentences (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.85, overall efficiency = 0.88) and ≤ 39 on the Nasal Passage (sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.99, overall efficiency = 0.99).
Finally, the fourth study explored the application of recently developed techniques for assessing nasality using spectral voice analysis and compared these results with nasometry using a sub-sample of Malay speaking children from the third study. The participants were children with cleft lip and/or palate with perceived hypernasality and a group of healthy controls perceived to have normal resonance. The potential of assessing nasality using vowels, which ideally can be an easier option to administer clinically and have minimal impact on language and literacy skills, were investigated.
The findings showed that only the one-third-octave analysis method could be successfully used to detect hypernasality in the cleft population compared to the VLHR method. Using the one-third-octave analysis, the spectral characteristics of nasalised vowel /i/ taken from /pit/ and /tip/ showed an increase in amplitude in F1, between F1 and F2 regions. The amplitude of the formants at F3 region was lower in the cleft group but did not differ from the control group as reported in previous studies. Although, the one-third-octave analysis has some potential in detecting hypernasality, the accuracy of the analysis compared to perceptual ratings of nasality was only moderate. Compared to nasometry, the diagnostic value of the one-third-octave analysis in detecting hypernasality was lower.
The overall findings suggest that, except for the Nasal Passage, the Oral Passage and the Set of Sentences developed in Malay using this systematic approach were culturally appropriate and valid for the assessment of nasality. Furthermore, by comparing two instrumental methods (nasometry and spectral analysis) with perceptual evaluation in a large number of cleft and typically developing children, the present thesis was able to demonstrate the clinical benefits of two recently proposed methods of spectral voice analyses and compare them to existing methods. Compared to spectral analysis, nasometry remains a superior method for assessing nasality. Threshold values that indicate abnormal nasality levels for the newly developed stimuli in Malay have been recommended.
42
Fane, Brenda M. "Love and lust in the Indies : an analysis of the representation of njais in a selection of pre-World War II Malay language literature." Master's thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133227.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation explores how the njai was represented in Malay
language literature of the Indies up to the outbreak of World War
II. Njais were the native mistresses of foreigners, usually
Europeans. They could be required to fulfil many duties: that of
housekeepers, cooks, laundry maids, language teachers, financial
consultants and mothers, but it is in the role of sexual partners or
mistresses that njais are best known. There are many other
facets to the meaning of njai that I shall explore more thoroughly
later in this chapter.[v. 1. Text] -- [v. 2. Appendices - Plot synopses to Love and lust in the Indes]
43
Mohamed, Salleh Rabiah T. A. "Bilingual first language acquisition in Malay and English : a morphological and suprasegmental study in the development of plural expressions in a bilingual child." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:46378.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the development of plural marking in a child raised in Malay and English simultaneously, from the morphological and prosodic perspective. For the morphological plural development, the child’s plural acquisition is analysed within the Processability Theory (PT) framework de Bot (1992) de Bot (1992) thus widening PT’s typological range of application to a language such as Malay, which belongs to the Austronesian family (Dryer & Haspelmath, 2013). PT has been tested for morphological development in L2 English (Di Biase, Kawaguchi, & Yamaguchi, 2015; Johnston, 2000) and several typologically different languages as well as bilingual first language acquisition (BFLA) such as Japanese-English (Itani-Adams, 2013). However, PT has not been empirically tested for any language of the Austronesian family nor in a Bilingual First Language Acquisition (BFLA) constellation involving Malay and English. The Malay-English language pair is interesting because of the remarkably different linguistic mechanisms used for encoding plurality in the two languages; morphologically, Malay marks plurality through distinct forms of reduplication such as rumah-rumah ‘houses’, buah-buahan’ (plural form of buah ‘fruit’) and bukit-bukau ‘hills’ (Sew, 2007). In contrast, English uses morphological inflections -s suffixed to the stem, e.g., cat/cats, dog/dogs, book/books (Carstairs-McCarthy, 2002). Malay reduplication, as previously shown, involves more than a single word, however, functionally speaking it is equivalent to one word plus a marker of plurality. Thus, prosodic mechanisms play a crucial role in distinguishing between mere repetition and grammatical reduplication in Malay (Gil, 2005). Since plurality is expressed very differently in each language, this study investigates how a bilingual child develops simultaneously two grammatical systems. The participant in this research is a female child named Rina, who was raised in Malay-English environment from birth. This investigation comprises of two parts; first is the longitudinal investigation of her plural acquisition from age 2;10 to 3;10. During this period, Rina was living in Australia, where the environmentally predominant language was English. The second complementary part is an investigation of Rina’s plural marking systems at age 4;8 when she had returned to Malaysia, where the predominant environmental language was Malay. For the longitudinal study, the database for the analyses was obtained from separate Malay and English recording sessions, which were conducted weekly from age 2;10 to 3;10. Likewise, the data for Rina’s plural expression at 4;8 was also obtained from separate Malay and English environment recordings. For the morphological plural development, results indicate that Rina developed two different systems to mark plurality in Malay and English. Her plural marking developed in the sequence predicted by PT. However, though she clearly distinguished the two languages, bidirectional influences from English to Malay and Malay to English were found in the corpus, both in the longitudinal study as well as at age 4;8. In the longitudinal study, it was found that in expressing plurals in Malay and English, Rina used various linguistic devices: one of the predominant strategies she employed in both languages was iteration, a strategy in which Rina expressed more than one objects by repeating the lexical item according to the number of individuated entities (hence four cats would be expressed as cat cat cat cat). Reduplication, the target grammatical Malay plural, only emerged at 3;8. Thus, we examine the prosodic development of the child’s iteration up till the emergence of reduplication. Findings indicate that the development from iteration to reduplication is gradual; the main acoustic correlate that she employed during the longitudinal study was final-syllable lengthening. She only began differentiating various prosodic mechanisms (such as pausing, duration and pitch) to distinguish repetition and reduplication in her plural marking at age 4;8. This study offers a new perspective on the interplay between the two languages in the early stages of grammatical development in a bilingual child. The specific features of plurality in Malay and English and how they develop in the bilingual child may shed light on the applicability of PT to BFLA. Also, the link between the child’s morphological development and prosodic mechanisms show that in acquiring the prosodic structures of reduplication, Rina creates partial and increasingly specific analyses of the grammatical forms, gradually approaching the conventional adult form.
44
Greksakova, Zuzana. "Tetun in Timor-Leste: the role of language contact in its development." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/80665.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de doutoramento em Língua Portuguesa, na especialidade de Investigação e Ensino, apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de CoimbraFrom the first Chinese and Malay traders, to the Portuguese exploration of Southeast Asia in the sixteenth century and their colonization of Timor until now, the Tetun language has kept on acquiring many words and features from Portuguese, Malay and other languages to fill lexical gaps in certain semantic areas. At the same time, it has co-existed with Portuguese, Asian Creole Portuguese and Malay for many centuries. The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the role of language contact in the continuing development of Tetun Prasa in Timor-Leste from a socio-historical perspective. The main focus is on Tetun Prasa’s contact with Portuguese, Indonesian, and Asian varieties of restructured Portuguese and Malay at different historical periods while describing stages of its development in terms of not only lexis, but also phonology, morphology and syntax as far as this is possible. To this day, no extensive research has been conducted in the area of language contact in Timor-Leste, although various authors tried to put a label on Tetun Prasa, classifying it as a ‘creole’, ‘pidgin’, or ‘hybrid language’. I believe it would be more fitting to consider the possibility of Tetun Prasa being a koine with heavy Portuguese lexical influence, especially when compared with the more conservative varieties of Tetun Terik and Tetun Fehan. Consequently, this work aims to show the influence of the language contact and the sociohistorical context on the development of Tetun Prasa as a distinct variety of Tetun. The research objectives include reviewing the available literature on Tetun, considering works written in different historical periods by mostly Portuguese, Indonesian, Dutch, Timorese and Australian authors; collecting natural-speech data and creating oral and written corpora of Tetun Prasa and an oral corpus of Tetun Terik; documenting and describing the actual state of Tetun Prasa, focusing on inter- and intra-speaker variation; and analysing the degree of influence of Portuguese (including Portuguese-based creoles), Indonesian (including Malay and Malay-based creoles), English and local Timorese languages on the phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax of Tetun.
Desde os primeiros comerciantes chineses e malaios, à exploração portuguesa do Sudeste Asiático no século XVI através da colonização de Timor, até ao presente, a língua tétum continuou a adquirir muitas palavras e características do português, malaio e outras línguas, para preencher lacunas em certas áreas semânticas, coexistindo com o português, malaio e crioulo português asiático por muitos séculos. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é investigar o papel do contacto entre línguas no desenvolvimento contínuo do tétum-praça em Timor-Leste a partir de uma perspetiva socio-histórica. O foco central é no contacto do tétum-praça com português, indonésio e variedades asiáticas de português e malaio reestruturadas, em períodos históricos diferentes, enquanto é feita a descrição dos estágios do seu desenvolvimento em termos não só de léxico, mas também de fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe, tanto quanto possível. Até ao momento, não foi realizada investigação extensiva na área de línguas em contacto em Timor-Leste, embora vários autores tenham tentado rotular o tétum-praça, classificando-o como um “crioulo”, “pidgin”, ou “língua híbrida”. Cremos ser mais adequado considerar a possibilidade do tétum-praça ser um koiné com grande influência lexical do português, especialmente quando comparado com variedades mais conservadoras, tais como tétum-térique e tétum-fehan. Consequentemente, este trabalho procura demonstrar a influência do contacto entre línguas e o contexto sócio-histórico no desenvolvimento do tétum-praça como variedade distinta do tétum. Os objetivos desta investigação incluem revisão da bibliografia disponível sobre tétum, considerando obras escritas em períodos históricos diferentes, em sua maior parte por autores portugueses, indonésios, holandeses, timorenses e australianos; coleta de dados de fala natural e criação de corpora oral e escrito de tétum-praça e corpus oral de tétum-térique, com foco na variação entre falantes, assim como na fala de cada falante; análise do grau de influência do português (incluindo crioulos de base portuguesa), indonésio (incluindo malaio e crioulos de base malaia), inglês e línguas timorenses locais, na fonologia, morfologia, léxico e sintaxe do tétum.