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Journal articles on the topic 'Malaya Malaya'
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1
Malhi, Amrita. "Race, Space, and the Malayan Emergency: Expelling Malay Muslim Communism and Reconstituting Malaya's Racial State, 1945–1954." Itinerario 45, no. 3 (November 24, 2021): 435–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115321000279.
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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the physical and discursive displacement of Malay Muslim advocates of a cosmopolitan and multiracial form of Malayan citizenship from the arena of “legitimate” national politics between the Second World War and the mid-1950s. It discusses the trajectory of the Malayan Left during this period, with a special focus on the work of Abdullah C. D., a Malay Muslim leader of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). Abdullah's work included helping to build the Malay Nationalist Party of Malaya (PKMM) under the MCP's United Front strategy from 1945, creating the MCP's Department of Malay Work in 1946, and establishing the Tenth Regiment of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) in 1949. This work was essential to the MCP's outreach to Malay Muslims after Malaya's failed national revolution, which collapsed into racial conflict without achieving independence for the British colony. The Malayan Emergency was declared in 1948, and its military and social campaigns eliminated or displaced the MCP's leadership and much of the MNLA, including Abdullah and the rest of the Tenth Regiment, to Thailand by 1954. Despite his continued engagement with political movements in Malaya, Abdullah's vision for a new politics for Malay Muslims was effectively displaced into the realm of nostalgia. His ideas, outlined in MNLA pamphlets and periodicals like Tauladan (Exemplar), never made significant inroads in Malaya, whose racial state the Emergency re-established, using race to manage the threat to its interests posed by leftist politics.
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AHMAD, MOHD ABDUL AZIZ, and MOKHTARRUDIN AHMAD. "PERCUBAAN FAHAMAN KOMUNIS MENGUASAI PARTI KEBANGSAAN MELAYU MALAYA (PKMM)." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v5i1.208.
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Penyebaran fahaman komunis di Tanah Melayu dilakukan oleh Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM), fahaman komunis pada peringkat awalnya disebarkan di kalangan masyarakat Cina sahaja, kemudiannya mereka menyebarkan fahaman mereka kepada masyarakat Melayu. Fahaman komunis disebarkan kepada masyarakat Melayu melalui dua kaedah. Pertama, penyebaran secara langsung kepada orang Melayu (propaganda atau penyebaran ideologi komunis dilakukan secara terus melalui Parti Komunis Malaya); dan kedua, melalui penguasaan parti politik Melayu (menguasai parti politik Melayu dan menyebarkan ideologi komunis dalam parti politik Melayu tersebut). Kajian mengenai kaedah pertama sudah banyak dihasilkan oleh penyelidik sebelum ini. Oleh itu, artikel ini bermatlamat meneliti kaedah kedua komunis iaitu melalui penguasaan parti politik Melayu iaitu Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). Perkara yang menjadi persoalan kajian ialah sejauh manakah fahaman komunis berjaya menguasai PKMM? Bagi menjawab persoalan kajian, kaedah kualitatif digunakan berdasarkan kepada analisis teks bertemakan sejarah politik. Hasil analisis ini pengkaji telah mendapati fahaman komunis tidak dapat menguasai kepimpinan dan dasar parti kerana dalam PKMM mempunya tiga aliran iaitu aliran nasionalis, aliran agama dan aliran komunis. Aliran yang menguasai kepimpinan adalah aliran nasionalis dan agama. Kegagalan fahaman komunis menguasai PKMM juga disebabkan oleh kerjasama yang terjalin antara mereka adalah atas sebab kepentingan masing-masing. The spread of communism in Malaya was undertaken by the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). The movements of communism were initially diffused only among the Chinese community, then later on to the other communities. Communism was disseminated to the communities through two methods. Firstly, the ideology was spread directly to the Malays (the propaganda of communist ideology was made directly through the Malayan Communist Party); and secondly, it was carried out through the control of Malay political parties (by dominating the Malay political parties and spread the communist ideology in the Malay political parties). The study of the first method has been widely produced by the researchers before. Therefore, this article aims to examine the second method utilized by the communists to control the Malay political party, Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). A question arises as to what extent the communists successfully gained control of PKMM? To answer the research question, a qualitative method is used based on the analysis of political history themed texts. The result of the analysis, researcher found that communists did not dominate the leadership and policy of the party for PKMM consists of three streams which are the nationalist, religious and communist streams. The streams that took control of the leadership are the streams of nationalism and religion. The failure of communists to dominate PKMM was due to the cooperation linked between them and also because each of the streams cared for their own interests.
3
Wah, Yeo Kim. "Student Politics in University of Malaya, 1949–51." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 2 (September 1992): 346–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006226.
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On the Foundation Day of the University of Malaya on 8 October 1949, Malcolm MacDonald, the Chancellor of the new university and British Commissioner-General in Southeast Asia, proudly declared that the university was founded “at a timely and auspicious moment” when “we are witnessing in Malaya the birth of a nation”. MacDonald rested his inspiring theme on the British postwar policy of preparing Malaya for eventual self-government within the British Commonwealth. Under this policy Singapore was constituted a distinct crown colony with a legislature in which only six of the twenty-two members were popularly elected, whereas the other Settlements and the Malay States were merged into the Malayan Union which had fully nominated federal and state legislatures. It seems clear from the postwar political reorganization that the British policy-makers had intended to take Malaya slowly, stage by stage, to self-government and eventual independence.
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Soh, Byungkuk. "Malay Society under Japanese Occupation, 1942–45." International Area Review 1, no. 2 (June 1998): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386599800100205.
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This study aims to understand how Malay national awareness matured during the wartime period, and is primarily concerned with the exact nature of the impact of the three and a half years of Japanese rule on the political, economic, and social aspects of Malay society. With this aim in view, first of all, this paper examines the historiography of the Japanese occupation of Malaya, focusing on “interruption” and “transformation” arguments. Secondly, this study considers Japan's objectives in invading Malaya. Thirdly, this work examines the development of Malay national awareness under Japanese rule, highlighting the hidden dynamics behind the Malay struggle for the development. Based upon this investigation, this paper shows that Malay national awareness was consolidated mainly by the creative adaptation of the Malays to the new circumstances, not as a result of the deliberate intentions of the Japanese as the “interruption” school argues.
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AHMAD, MOKHTARRUDIN AHMAD. "IDEA POLITIK GERAKAN RADIKAL DAN KONSERVATIF DALAM PERJUANGAN KEMERDEKAAN TANAH MELAYU TAHUN 1946-1957." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v4i1.333.
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AbstrakArtikel ini bermatlamat meneliti idea Gerakan Konservatif dan Radikal dalam perjuangan kemerdekaanTanah Melayu antara tahun 1946 hingga tahun 1957 yang melibatkan kedudukan raja Melayu, bahasaMelayu, ekonomi Melayu, kerakyatan Tanah Melayu, dan geografi politik. Setiap gerakan politik Melayumempunyai pandangan mereka tersendiri dalam memperjuangkan isu kepentingan Melayu ini.Perkarayang menjadi persoalan kajian ialah bagaimanakah idea ini diutarakan untuk kemerdekaan TanahMelayu? Adakah idea politik kedua-dua gerakan politik Melayu ini diterima pakai selepas KemerdekaanTanah Melayu? Bagi menjawab persoalan tersebut, kajian dilakukan berdasarkan tema sejarah politikyang menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan berdasarkan kepada duasumber iaitu sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara yang terdiridaripada surat perseorangan, fail pentadbiran penjajah British, majalah dan akhbar pada zaman tersebut.Sumber sekunder pula terdiri daripada jurnal, tesis dan buku.Hasil daripada penilaian yang dibuat ideaidea gerakan Radikal dan Konservatif telah memberi sumbangan yang besar kepada kemerdekaanTanah Melayu dan juga sebahagian idea-idea gerakan Konservatif dan Radikal diterima pakai dalamperlembagaan Tanah Melayu 1957
AbstractThis article aims to look into the Conservative and Radical Movements for the independence of Malayabetween 1946 and 1957 that had involved the status of Malay Kings, Malay language, Malay economics,Malayan citizenship, and political geography. Every Malay political movement reflectsits own views inthis important issue of Malaya people. Two questions are raised in this study for examples: How was theidea being emphasized for the independence of Malaya? Was the political idea of the two Malay politicalmovements being used after the independence of Malaya?To answer the questions, the study wasconducted based on the theme of historical politics that utilized qualitative methods combining with contentsanalytical approach indulging into the primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were obtainedfrom National Archive consisting of individual letters, British colonial administrative files, magazines andnewspapers during that era. Secondary sources were taken from journals, thesis and books. The resultsof the evaluation upon the two movements had contributed widely toward independence of Malaya, andsome ideas of the movements were adopted into the 1957 constitution of Malaya.
6
Lau, Albert. "Malayan Union Citizenship: Constitutional Change and Controversy in Malaya, 1942–48." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 2 (September 1989): 216–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400018105.
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Responding to the new forces unleashed by the Second World War, Whitehall planners devised a new scheme that envisaged the creation of Malayan Union Citizenship. In a fundamental break from past practice, the new scheme sought to confer citizenship privileges on Malaya's non-Malay population. In the aftermath of the War the implementation of the new policy embroiled the Colonial Office in a major constitutional controversy that threatened not only Britain's traditional relationship with the indigenous Malay community but also the bases of British rule in Malaya.
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Wan Husain, Datuk Assoc Prof Dr Wan Ahmad Fauzi. "THE INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INDIGENOUS MALAYA." Journal of Governance and Integrity 4, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.4.2.2021.5794.
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This article attempts to explore the Islamic interpretation within the legal framework of the Malayan indigenous sovereignty. The position of Islam within the country’s legal framework became important when the Court’s decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs the Public Prosecutor, made the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. This is a qualitative study applying the legal history design. The findings showed the indigenous sovereignty was sourced from the Islamic teachings which had not been dissolved despite the introduction of the doctrine of advice by the British. Besides, the agreement made between the Malay Rulers and the British retained the indigenous sovereignty despite of various policies introduced by the British throughout their interference in Malaya which was subjected to the old Malayan Constitution. In conclusion, the accurate interpretation of Islam should be based on the al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah because it is in line with the principle of the indigenous sovereignty inherited from the Malay Sultanate of Malacca.
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Fauzi Abdul Hamid, Ahmad. "Malay Anti-Colonialism in British Malaya." Journal of Asian and African Studies 42, no. 5 (October 2007): 371–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909607081115.
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Emmanuel, Mark. "Viewspapers: The Malay press of the 1930s." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409990233.
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There was a tremendous acceleration in newspaper publishing between 1930 and 1941 despite the Great Depression. The Malay press began to evolve into a site for discussing and debating the circumstances of Malay life in the 1930s. Rather than news, opinions, commentaries, leading articles and editorials made up the bulk of column space in Malay newspapers and magazines of the 1930s. It was a ‘viewspaper’ rather than a newspaper. New forms of public-opinion making like the editorial, increased participation in the media through letters to the editor and contributors' articles, public readings of newspapers, and the extension of newspapers into classrooms meant that a broader cross-section of Malays were able to access debates and discussions on issues of the day and raises new questions about public life in Malaya among Malays.
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Hong, Lysa. "Revisiting Malaya: Malayan dream or Singapore nightmare." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2015.1003124.
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Fernando, Joseph M. "Elite intercommunal bargaining and conflict resolution: The role of the Communities Liaison Committee in Malaya, 1949–51." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 43, no. 2 (April 20, 2012): 280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463412000069.
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Between 1949 and 1951, the Communities Liaison Committee (CLC), an unofficial body comprising leaders from the main Malayan ethnic communities, served as a prototype for elite intercommunal conflict resolution during a very challenging period amid an ongoing communist insurgency. Drawing upon previously inaccessible primary sources, this article reassesses the CLC's work towards resolving divisive issues such as Malay economic backwardness, federal citizenship, national identity, education and language in Malaya. This article argues that the CLC played a significantly bigger role than previously recognised and influenced government policy considerably. Equally importantly, it entrenched the concept of consociationalism, which was to shape the Malayan political landscape long thereafter.
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Wan Hussain, Wan Ahmad Fauzi, Anisah Che Ngah, Mohamed Anwar Omar Din, and Hanif Md Lateh. "RAJA-RAJA DALAM PENGINSTITUSIAN PERLEMBAGAAN PERSEKUTUAN TANAH MELAYU 1957: SATU KAJIAN SEJARAH PERUNDANGAN MALAY RULERS IN INSTITUTIONALIZING THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATION OF MALAYA 1957: A STUDY OF LEGAL HISTORY." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp27-39.
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This Article explores the involvement of the Malay Rulers in institutionalizing the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya 1957. It aims to examine the validity of the popular statement that claims the Federal Constitution is the end-result of a social contract negotiated among the multi-ethnic society championed by the elite nationalists in Malaya. It further examines the allegation that the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers and the power of the state governments had been retained by the British due to the demand fought by the above group. This qualitative research uses primary sources collected from the historical records and presented in legal history design. The findings show that the Malay Rulers are the supreme authority in institutionalizing the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya 1957 upon consultation with the Constitution Working Committee for the establishment of a single independent self-governing unit for a Federation. It concludes that the legitimacy of the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya 1957 originates from the sovereignty of the Malaccan Sultanate, its local conditions have been entrenced in the fundamental provisions of the said Constituton, and they are stil preserved to date. Keywords: Institutionalization, sovereignty, legacy, independance, social contract.Cite as: Wan Hussain, W.A.F., Che Ngah, A., Anwar, Od. M., Md Lateh, H. (2017). Raja-raja dalam penginstitusian perlembagaan persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1957: Satu kajian sejarah perundangan [Malay rulers in institutionalizing the constitution of the federation of Malaya 1957: A study of legal history]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 27-39.
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SEVEA, TEREN. "Pawangs on the Frontier: Miracles, prophets, and divinities in the ricefields of modern Malaya." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 04 (February 15, 2019): 1106–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000834.
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AbstractThis article unearths two Jawi manuscripts pertaining to Muslim miracle-workers, orpawangs, who were key intermediaries of agrarian change in the interior of modern Malaya. These compendia of frontier patois are analysed to recount a history of rice worlds and environments wherein forest clearing and rice cultivation were directly associated with the Islamic esoteric science (ilmu) ofpawangs. As professional miracle-workers,pawangswere employed to spearhead a broad range of socio-economic activities in western Malaya. As pivots of cults joined by Malay peasants,pawangswere venerated as heirs of agrarian prophets and saints from earlier Islamic periods, and esteemed for their fertility rituals and miracles in contemporary forests and ricefields. This article analyses the elaborate Islamic genealogies ofpawangsand popular historical traditions that were recorded in these texts, and investigates how these documents were informative about the religio-economic sensibilities of cultivators. This article also pays particular attention to howpawangsnegotiated with a variety of Islamic and African spirits in Malayan forests, to lead forest clearing and rice production and to mobilize labourers. It further presents explorations into the social and spiritual cosmopolitanism ofpawangsand peasants upon the modern Malay frontier, whose labour and connected histories are yet to be written.
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Manickam, Sandra Khor. "Common ground: Race and the colonial universe in British Malaya." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 593–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409990087.
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This article explores the common bases of knowledge on race among Malay intellectuals and British scholar-officials in British Malaya. It focuses on genealogies of knowledge that not only lead back to Europe, but to contexts in the Malay Archipelago, encompassing both coloniser and colonised as agents of production of colonial knowledge on race. Race was a strategy adopted by Malay intellectuals in a colonial milieu, in line with histories and conditions before and during the period of British control over Malaya. The notion of complicities is explored in studying the interaction between British and Malay intellectuals which produced colonial knowledge on race.
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Fong, Leong Yee. "The Impact of the Cold War on the Development of Trade Unionism in Malaya (1948–57)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400011292.
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In the aftermath of World War Two, Malaya saw the emergence of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) and its attempt to mobilize labour support against the returning British colonial government. The Pan Malayan General Labour Union (PMGLU), later renamed the Pan Malayan Federation of Trade Union (PMFTU), was established as a front organization to harness multiracial labour support and to work in close liaison with other left-wing political groups. Trade unions that mushroomed after the War were invariably dominated by the PMGLU and used as tools for the realization of communist political objectives in Malaya.
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Wan Husain, Datuk Assoc Prof Dr Wan Ahmad Fauzi. "INSIGHTS: THE INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INDIGENOUS MALAYA." Journal of Governance and Integrity 4, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.4.2.2021.5794.
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This article promotes Islam's interpretation within the legal framework of the indigenous Malayan based on its principle of sovereignty. At present, Islam is popularly defined by the Court's decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs Public Prosecutor, where the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers was made as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. The said decision confines Islam only in the context of personal laws due to the Pangkor Treaty, 1874. This is a qualitative study applying the legal history design. The findings showed that the indigenous sovereignty sourced from the Islamic teachings had not been affected despite the introduction of doctrine of advice and various British policies throughout their intervention in Malaya. In fact, many agreements made between the Malay Rulers and the British retained the indigenous sovereignty as those agreements were subjected to the old Malayan Constitution, the principle of Islam as the law of the land as well as the contemporary local thinking. The above three local circumstances explained the principle of sovereignty, thus the position of Islam in the indigenous Malaya's legal framework. This article concludes that the accurate interpretation of Islam should be based on the al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah because the Malay Rulers have retained their position as a caliph even after the British intervened in their internal state affairs.
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Kaur, Amarjit. "Hewers and Haulers: A History of Coal Miners and Coal Mining in Malaya." Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (February 1990): 75–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001177.
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The history of coal mining in Malaya is synonymous with the history of Malayan Collieries and Batu Arang town since coal was only ever economically mined in this small area in Ulu Selangor. The town of Batu Arang, the Malayan Collieries and the mines left an indelible mark on Malayan history. Previous accounts of the history of coal mining are restricted to mentions in general works on labour and the labour unrest of 1936–37 and 1946–47. This paper outlines the role of coal mining in the Malayan economy in the first half of the twentieth century. It also focuses on the history of labour at the collieries and the significant role that labour played in the development and growth of industrial activism in Malaya.
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Milner, A. C. "Colonial Records History: British Malaya." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 4 (October 1987): 773–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009318.
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Although often well-written and carefully researched, many recent studies of the political history of Colonial Malaya seem dated. This is not to say that they are generally pro-British; nevertheless, when considered alongside historical work on many other areas of Southeast Asia, the ‘British Malayan’ histories appear ‘colonial’ in their preoccupations and perspectives. Why does so much Malayan history have this character? One cannot point to a lack of talent.
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Barnard, Timothy P. "Film Melayu: Nationalism, modernity and film in a pre-World War Two Malay magazine." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409990257.
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Prior to World War Two many of the Malay-language films released in Singapore and Malaya were made in Java and the Philippines. Beginning in 1940 the Shaw Brothers began producing Malay films in Singapore for distribution to their theatre network throughout Malaya. The first Malay film magazine, Film Melayu, which began publishing in May 1941, documented the production and release of a number of these pre-war films in Singapore, providing one of the few avenues for a better understanding of the origins of Malay cinema. More importantly, this periodical was firmly ensconced within the Malay publishing community and thus reflects debates over issues ranging from the proper script to use in publishing to technology and its relationship to the nation (or community, bangsa).
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Wan Husain, Wan Ahmad Fauzi. "Insight: The Interpretation of Islam within the Legal Framework of the Indigenous Malaya." Journal of Governance and Integrity 4, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.4.2.2021.6545.
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This article promotes Islam's interpretation within the legal framework of the indigenous Malayan based on its principle of sovereignty. At present, Islam is popularly defined by the Court's decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs Public Prosecutor, where the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers was made as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. The said decision confines Islam only in the context of personal laws due to the Pangkor Treaty, 1874. This is a qualitative study applying the legal history design. The findings showed that the indigenous sovereignty sourced from the Islamic teachings had not been affected despite the introduction of the doctrine of advice and various British policies throughout their intervention in Malaya. In fact, many agreements made between the Malay Rulers and the British retained the indigenous sovereignty as those agreements were subjected to the old Malayan Constitution, the principle of Islam as the law of the land as well as contemporary local thinking. The above three local circumstances explained the principle of sovereignty, thus the position of Islam in the indigenous Malaya's legal framework. This article concludes that the accurate interpretation of Islam should be based on the al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah because the Malay Rulers have retained their position as caliph even after the British intervened in their internal state affairs.
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Esa, Mohd Sohaimi, Irma Wani Othman, Romzi Ationg, Mohd Azri Ibrahim, Sharifah Darmia Sharif Adam, Jais Abdul Hamid, and Mohd Nur Hidayat Hasbollah Hajimin. "THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF THE REID COMMISSION: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLIANCE PARTY’S LEADERSHIP." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 23 (April 30, 2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.6230011.
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By independence, the leader of the Alliance Party has failed to reach a consensus on some controversial issues such as citizenship, the national language, and the special position of the Malays. Such matter was later handed over to an independent commission with the hopes that all races in Malaya will be fairly treated. Subsequently, the British government and the Malay Rulers were agreed to the formation of an independent commission namely the Reid Commission draw up a draft of Independent Malaya’s Constitution in March 1956. By applying a historical approach/method through an analysis of historical documents sought from the Public Records Office, London, and the National Archives of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, this paper discusses the significance of the Alliance Party leadership in the Reid Commission. This paper also discusses the dilemma faced by the Alliance Party leaders in seeking the consensus on the number of issues, including the key characteristics of a nation-state they intended to create after the independence. Moreover, debates between the delegation of the Alliance Party and the Reid Commission have also been given due attention. Accordingly, the study found that the credibility, as well as the tolerance shown by the leaders of the Alliance Party significantly, made the Reid Commission accepts the motion of independence. This is crucial as it was a key to the creation of the Federation of Malaya Constitution that led to the independence of Malaya in 1957.
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Md Yunus, Marzudi. "PENGARUH TURKI TERHADAP SOSIO-BUDAYA DUNIA MELAYU." Jurnal Pengajian Melayu 32, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jomas.vol32no1.4.
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Turkey is the heir to the Ottoman Islamic Caliphate, extending significant influence on Muslims worldwide. All aspects of the Turkish socio-culture will, directly and indirectly, influence the socio-culture of Muslims. This situation also applies to Muslims in Malaysia, specifically Malays. The influences range from political and administrative to cultural and artistic, and even the way of thinking. Research and analysis conducted towards the writings and historical texts proved that Turkish influence exists in the Malay world. For example, there is a Malay state administration modelled from the Ottoman Caliphate to advance it to synchronise with modern changes in the West. During the 1930s, Turkey’s modernisation drew Malay intellectuals’ attention, spreading the ideas through writing in newspapers and magazines. Developments in Turkey exposed the Malays to various polemics resulting from Kemal’s modernisation and secularisation when he led the Turkish government. For Malays, events in Turkey serve as lessons in their effort to develop their community towards progress in all aspects. Development in Turkey has also attracted various newspapers and magazines like ‘Pengasoh’, ‘Al-Ikhwan’, ‘Malaya’, ‘Majalah Guru’, ‘Al-Hedayah’, ‘Bahtra’ and ‘Saudara’. They celebrated Kemal establishing the Turkish republic and its various modernisation plans. Turkish influence was also pervasive in filmmaking, therefore, proving developments in Turkey influence various aspects of the Malay world. For Malays, events in Turkey serve as lessons and examples towards charting its progress in all aspects. Keywords: Turkey, Malay, Socio-Culture, Culture, Civilisation, Art.
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Shanmugavelu, Ganesan, Khairi Ariffin, Nadarajan Thambu, and Zulkufli Mahayudin. "Development of British Colonial Education in Malaya, 1816 - 1957." Shanlax International Journal of Education 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v8i2.2072.
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The aim of this study is to discuss the development of education during the British Colonial rule in Malaya. The scope of this study is focussed on four school systems under British colonialists, namely the Malay Vernacular School, Chinese Vernacular School, Tamil Vernacular School, and English Schools and its implications to the society and nation. The introduction of these four school systems is aimed at the economic and political interests of the British in Malaya. The Colonial Education System does not have a National Education Policy and brings many implications to the society and nation. It has caused class and status disparities among the societies and also caused socio-economic differences between races in Malaya. The process of socialization is not achieved among all races in Malaya under the Colonial Education. This study is qualitative and is approached through the library and archival research.
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AI LIN, CHUA. "Nation, Race, and Language: Discussing transnational identities in colonial Singapore, circa 1930." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000801.
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AbstractAround 1930, at a time of rising nationalisms in China and India, English-educated Chinese and Indians in the British colony of Singapore debated with great intensity the issue of national identity. They sought to clarify their own position as members of ethnic communities of immigrant origin, while remaining individuals who identified the territory of British Malaya as their home. Readers' letters published in the Malaya Tribune, an English-medium newspaper founded to serve the interests of Anglophone Asians, questioned prevailing assumptions of how to define a nation from the perspectives of territory, political loyalty, race, and language. Lived circumstances in Malaya proved that being Chinese or Indian could encompass a range of political, cultural, and linguistic characteristics, rather than a homogenous identity as promoted by nationalist movements of the time. Through these debates, Chinese and Indians in Malaya found ways to simultaneously reaffirm their ethnic pride as well as their sense of being ‘Malayan’.
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LEOW, RACHEL. "‘Do you own non-Chinese mui tsai?’ Re-examining Race and Female Servitude in Malaya and Hong Kong, 1919–1939." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 6 (March 12, 2012): 1736–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1200011x.
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AbstractThis paper considers the abolition of the mui tsai (young female bondservants) as it unfolded in British Malaya, and challenges the overemphasis on Hong Kong as the primary focus of mui tsai scholarship. While the mui tsai system was defended as a time-honoured Chinese tradition, this paper uses new material to show that trans-racial considerations figured prominently in mui tsai abolition in Malaya, particularly in helping to recast it as a wider problem of child welfare. It is argued that this neglected aspect of mui tsai abolition only comes clearly to light in the Malayan case; for only in the intensely multi-racial conditions of peninsular Malaya could the question be asked: ‘Do you own non-Chinese mui tsai?’
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Tahir, Azian, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, and Suffian Mansor. "An Analysis of Reports by The Illustrated London News (ILN) and The Graphic against Social Activities in Malaya in the 19th Century." Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 20 (December 27, 2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/ws2021.20.5.
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Unlike in the West, the emergence of visual printing and printing press in Malaya was comparatively lagged behind. Publication and printing reached the Malayan shore through the Straits Settlements after the first publication was brought in and introduced by A. B. Bone in 1806. Since then, various visual reports regarding Malaya made their way into the well-known newspapers in Britain, The Illustrated London News (ILN) and The Graphic. Social activities in Malaya became part of the main visual report in these newspapers. Nonetheless, it was found that these newspapers were not objective in reporting the news on social activities in Malaya. In lieu of this, the current research attempted to find out the extent of the action of ILN and The Graphic in manipulating visual news report about the social activities in Malaya in the 19th century. In addition, this research also aimed to find out how far the ideas and thoughts of both newspapers in describing the news reports related to social activities in Malaya in the 19th century. This research focuses on the 19th century, within the specified period, of which the two respective presses released many visual news reports regarding social activities in Malaya. The qualitative method and visual approach were chosen as the research itself was conducted in London, especially at the National Art Library, situated in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In Malaysia, materials and resources were obtained from the Malaysian National Archive, National Museum, National Library, and libraries at higher learning institutions.
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Lyozin, Alexander Ivanovich, and Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Nesterov. "The «British way» of counterinsurgency struggle: RAND, decolonization and «emergency» in Malaya (1948-1960)." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871216.
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This paper discusses the state of emergency imposed by the British in Malaya. The work in Malaya is based on the analytical work of the American RAND Corporation members. The Malaya conflict is successful for the British in the field of colonial knowledge. That is why the conflict was carefully studied by the RAND Corporation as a model of counter-insurgency; therefore, we can see the interest of the United States to the analysis and methods of struggle against the rebel movement before the era of the Vietnam conflict. Of course, RAND worked for the US government, i.e. the Ministry of defense has signed contracts with this Corporation. The United States will try to practice certain methods of fighting guerrillas in Vietnam, but it is worth considering that each conflict is individual. The paper shows the Communist movement evolution in Malaya - from the inception to the victory of the British and the gradual disappearance of the rebel movement. The conflict was successful for the UK, as the main population of Malaya was not interested in the departure of the British; the local elite supported the British crown. The paper demonstrates features of the Malay conflict.
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WHITE, NICHOLAS J. "Capitalism and Counter-insurgency? Business and Government in the Malayan Emergency, 1948-57." Modern Asian Studies 32, no. 1 (February 1998): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x98002996.
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Contemporary critics argued that counter-insurgency in Malaya represented more than the defeat of militant communism. Britain's campaign against the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) was seen as resulting from British government collaboration with British capitalists to maintain profits at the expense of the legitimate aspirations of Malayan workers. More recently, it has been argued that the declaration of the emergency in June 1948 was a pre-emptive strike intended to ‘resolve the problem of political control’ and prevent the ‘radical nationalist forces organized around the MCP’ from gaining a nation-wide following. According to this view, government strategy was to ‘manage nationalism’ and ‘control’ decolonization so as to preserve the position of British capital in Malaya. For marxists, the emergency is seen as part of the process of establishing ‘neo-colonialism’. Even for less determinist models, the general complicity between British government and British business in colonial counter-insurgency campaigns is apparently clear. In primary-producing territories like Malaya, the harmony of interests between ‘gentlemanly capitalist’ officials and unofficials (centred on the City of London) ensured that after 1945 ‘coercion tended to be the first resort of policy’. The majority of scholarly output on the emergency has focused on official and guerrilla strategies leaving aside the role of business interests. As a result, the relationship between British business and British government has not been explored in depth. The present article seeks to fill this historiographical gap by reassessing official and commercial interaction in politically disturbed Malaya.
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Wilson, Hugh. "Tengku Mahmud Mahyiddeen and the Dilemma of Partisan Duality." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400011280.
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Lingering recollections of Pattani's proud tradition as an independent state were crystallized into a popular desire for the separation of the predominantly Malay Southern Provinces from Thailand, largely as a result of the aggressively nationalistic policies of Phibul Songkhram's wartime administration; when the war ended, widely circulated rumours encouraged Malays in the area to believe that the United Kingdom intended to annex the region to British Malaya as part of a peace settlement. Although this hope was dashed by the Agreement between the two countries of January 1, 1946, the idea of separation from Thailand continued to provide a goal towards which a variety of groups struggled by means ranging from polemics to sporadic acts of violence.
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A Rahman, Puteh Noraihan. "Ada apa dalam "Hutan Melayu"? Naratif fizikal dan spiritual hutan Melayu di zaman British-Malaya." Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/jm.14(1)no1.
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According to the WWF, forests cover 30% of the earth’s surface and act as important support systems in balancing the world ecosystem (World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) n.d.). They are home to many plant and animal species and a critical source for sustaining human livelihood. Human dependency on forest products is the backbone of not only the survival of a nuclear family but also contributes to the economy of the local community. As known, Malaysian forests consist of mountainous forests, tropical rainforest, swamps and coastal forests. As for traditional Malay society, they relied heavily on forests for survival. Besides its functioning as a source of food, forests also contribute to the cultural aspects of society in the Malay civilisation. Hence, this study will analyse the image and description of the Malay forests based on the writing of British officers and writers during the colonial era such as Maxwell, Clifford, Swettenham, Fauconnier, Endicott, Winstedt, Skeat, Wilkinson and Annandale. By using a narrative approach and auto-ethnography, views of the Malay forest will be assessed from Western perspectives, which are based predominantly on the observations of British-Malaya colonial officers and Western scholars involved directly in the Malay community and their communal activities at the time. In summary, this writing will depict the worldview of the Malays about their forests, physically and spiritually, through the lens of Westerners.
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Mohd Noor, Zaidin, and Khairi Ariffin. "SOURCE IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF BRITISH MALAYA IN BETWEEN 1786-1957." International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia 4, no. 12 (March 3, 2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijham.412003.
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This paper aims at the archival sources from the interval the British administered Malaya ranging from the year 1786 to 1957 kept in the National Archives of Malaysia (NAM). The British Administration records were the biggest and virtually complete collection found in NAM and the most popular among researchers who perform the study relating to social, economic, and political in Malaya from the 18th to 20th century. These records shrouded vast of major historical events that happen in Malaya either before and after independence. During the British Malaya epoch, there are as many as 958 sets of record groups containing as many as 714,634 files and 3,652,691 pieces of attachments preserved in NAM. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the record groups and record descriptions, namely the Selangor State Secretary, the Federal Secretariat, the High Commissioner Office, the Malayan Union, and the British Military Administration. These groups are collections of prime records that shaped the country during the existence of the British administration in Malaya. All metadata of these record groups have been included in the COMPASS System (Computerized Archival System and Services). Although there are various other materials in NAM such as materials during the Portuguese, Dutch, and even Japanese invasions, due to the relatively small amount of material added with language constraints make the materials at that timeless popular among researchers, especially the local researchers.
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Aljunied, S. M. K. "Against Multiple Hegemonies: Radical Malay Women in Colonial Malaya." Journal of Social History 47, no. 1 (August 21, 2013): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/sht056.
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Husain, Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan. "Malaysia's States and Regions : From the Legal History of the Malacca Malay Empire (The Law of the Malacca Code) To the Federation of Malaya (The Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957)." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 2228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201921.
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Rice, Tom. "Distant Voices of Malaya, Still Colonial Lives." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 430–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0149.
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Through the example of the Crown film Voices of Malaya (1948), this article examines interrelated postwar shifts in colonial history and British documentary cinema. Produced over three tumultuous years (1945–8) – in Malaya and England, with local film-makers and British documentarians – Voices of Malaya is a hybrid text torn between traditions of British documentary cinema and an emerging instructional, colonial cinema; between an international cinema for overseas audiences and a local cinema used within government campaigns and between an earlier ideal of empire and a rapidly changing, late liberal imperialism. The article challenges the traditional decline and fall narrative of the British documentary movement, as I examine the often overlooked ‘movement overseas’ of film-makers, practices and ideologies into the colonies after the war. In charting the emergence of the Malayan Film Unit, I examine the role of the British documentary movement in the formation of local postcolonial cinemas.
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Mobeen, Bazilah. "The Administration of Hajj in Brunei under the British Residency (1906 – 1954): A Historical Perspective." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 5, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v5i1.8008.
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This article explores the historical perspective of the administration of hajj in Brunei under the British Residency from 1906 until 1954. The pilgrimage reports were initially issued by the British and the British-Indian Officers. Malaysian pilgrims were previously misclassified as Javanese due to oversimplification of the officers in charge before the 1920s. Nevertheless, Bruneian pilgrims might interrelate with the same problem as they shared the same hajj routes. Eventually in the 1920s, the pilgrimage reports were mainly handled by the Malay Pilgrimage officer who was also known as the Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner in 1948. The Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner was responsible in handling the pilgrims from Brunei, Federation of Malaya, Sarawak, North Borneo, and Singapore during the pilgrimage season in Mecca at the time. Even though the Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner eliminated the misclassification of Malaysian pilgrims, Bruneian pilgrims continued to be enumerated together with pilgrims from Malaysia under the rubric of ‘Malay Pilgrims’. Primary and secondary research method are conducted for this article where various primary and secondary sources related to the administration of hajj in Brunei from 1906 until 1954 are used. This article discusses the roles and duties of the British Residents, local officers, Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner, Medical Officers, and Sheikh Haji (Hajj Sheikh) in the hajj administration of the pilgrims from Brunei. This article further analyses British interests behind their involvements in the hajj administration.
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RAHIMIN AFFANDI ABD RAHIM, SYAMSUL AZIZUL MARINSAH, and AHMAD FARID ABD JALAL. "KONSEP JIHAD ULAMA MELAYU-ISLAM DALAM KITAB JAWI TERPILIH: SATU ANALISIS." MANU Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa (PPIB) 33, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/manu.v33i1.3772.
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Sejarah Malaysia membuktikan perjuangan orang Melayu menentang penjajah di Tanah Melayu dilakukan oleh pelbagai pihak dan gerakan. Namun begitu, perjuangan golongan ulama dalam membebaskan Tanah Melayu daripada belenggu penjajahan kurang didedahkan. Justeru, objektif kajian ini cuba menganalisis konsep jihad ulama Melayu-Islam yang terkandung dalam kitab Jawi terpilih. Hal ini perlu bagi membuktikan peranan ulama Melayu Islam dalam menyemarakkan semangat nasionalisme seperti yang terkandung dalam fakta sejarah karya-karya kitab Jawi tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen. Hasil kajian mendapati, peranan ulama Melayu-Islam dalam kebangkitan menentang penjajah terbukti, khususnya Ashab Jawi. Fakta sejarah dalam kitab Jawi yang dipilih membuktikan hal ini walaupun peranan mereka sering ditenggelamkan oleh paparan sejarah tajaan British. Mereka menonjolkan tokoh feudal Melayu sebagai pejuang kemerdekaan terawal. Pandangan palsu ini wajib diperbetulkan demi menimbulkan kebenaran dan menunjukkan dimensi jihad ulama Melayu bercirikan semangat keagamaan dan nasionalisme. The history of Malaysia proves that various parties and movements carried out the struggle of the Malays against the colonialists in Malaya. However, the struggle of the ulama in liberating Malaya from the shackles of colonialism is less exposed. Thus, the objective of this study is an attempt to analyze the concept of jihad of Malay-Muslim scholars contained in selected Jawi books. This is necessary to prove the role of Malay Islamic scholars in igniting the spirit of nationalism as contained in the historical facts of the works of the Jawi book. Therefore, this is a qualitative study that employs data collection techniques such as library research and document analysis. The study results found that the Malay-Muslim scholarsplayed a signficant role in the uprising against the colonialists, specifically the Ashab Jawi. Historical facts in selected Jawi scriptures prove this even though their role is often over shadowed by British -sponsored historical displays. They highlighted Malay feudal figures as the earliest independence fighters. This false view must be addressed to reveal the truth and show the dimension of jihad of Malay scholars characterized by religious spirit and nationalism.
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STOCKWELL, A. J. "‘The Crucible of the Malayan Nation’: The University and the Making of a New Malaya, 1938–62." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 5 (September 2009): 1149–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x08003752.
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AbstractLike so many features of the British Empire, policy for colonial higher education was transformed during the Second World War. In 1945 the Asquith Commission established principles for its development, and in 1948 the Carr–Saunders report recommended the immediate establishment of a university in Malaya to prepare for self-government. This institution grew at a rate that surpassed expectations, but the aspirations of its founders were challenged by lack of resources, the mixed reactions of the Malayan people and the politics of decolonisation. The role of the University of Malaya in engineering a united Malayan nation was hampered by lingering colonial attitudes and ultimately frustrated by differences between Singapore and the Federation. These differences culminated in the university's partition in January 1962. In the end it was the politics of nation-building which moulded the university rather than the other way round.
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Hack, Karl. "“Iron Claws on Malaya”: The Historiography of the Malayan Emergency." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (March 1999): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400008043.
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This article addresses the historiography of the Malayan Emergency (1948–60). It does so by challenging two archetypal works on the conflict: those of Anthony Short and Richard Stubbs. These argue the Emergency was locked in stalemate as late as 1951. By then, a “population control” approach had been implemented — the so-called Briggs Plan for resettling 500,000 Chinese squatters. The predominantly Chinese nature of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) had also ensured that most Malays — who constituted nearly half the 1950 population of five million — opposed the revolt. The several thousand strong Communist-led guerrillas thus laboured under severe limitations.
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Saefullah, Asep. "Tumasik: Sejarah Awal Islam di Singapura (1200-1511 M)." Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/jlk.v14i2.507.
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This article attempts to trace the early history of Islam in Temasek, a former name of Singapore. The city was also known as the ‘Sea Town’, and was a part of the Nusantara. In the 12th-14th century, Tumasik and Kedah were important ports in the Malay Peninsula. Tumasik, at that time, was important enough to figure in international trade networks. The very strategic location of Tumasik, at the very tip of the Malay Peninsula, made it a significant prize for the master. Kingdoms that once ruled it: the Sriwijaya kingdom until the end of the 13th century AD and Majapahit kingdom that ruled it until the 14th century. In the 15th century AD, Tumasik came under the rule of Ayutthaya-Thailand; and subsequent occupation controlled by the Sultanate of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511 AD. Speaking on the comming of Islam in Tumasik that was along with the influx of Muslim merchants, both Arabic and Persian, between the 8th – 11th century which the trading activity increased in the Archipelago. Coastal cities and ports, one of which Tumasik, on the Malay Peninsula became the settlements of Muslim tradespeople. Most of them settled and married there. Thus, it is strongly suspected that Islam has been present in Tumasik since perhaps the 8th century AD. Up until the beginning of the 16th century, the old Singapore remains a Muslim settlement, along with other vendors, both from Europe, India, and China, and also became an important port under the Sultanate of Malacca. That Malaccan empire was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511.
Keywords: early history of Islam, Tumasik, Singapore, Sultanate of Malacca
Artikel ini mencoba menelusuri sejarah awal Islam di Tumasik, kada disebut juga Temasek, nama dulu bagi Singapura. Kota ini juga disebut sebagai Kota Laut (Sea Town), dan merupakan bagian dari Nusantara masa lalu. Pada abad ke-12 s.d. 14 M, Tumasik bersama Kedah merupakan pelabuhan-pelabuhan penting di Semenanjung Malaya. Pada masa itu, Tumasik merupakan kota perdagangan yang cukup besar dan penting dalam jaringan perdagangan internasional. Posisinya yang sangat strategis di ujung Semenanjung Malaya, menjadikan Tumasik menggiurkan untuk dikuasai. Kerajaan-kerajaan yang pernah menguasai Tumasik yaitu Sriwijaya sampai akhir abad ke-13 M dan Majapahit sampai abad ke-14 M. Pada abad ke-15 M, Tumasik berada di bawah kekuasaan Ayutthaya-Thailand; dan selanjutnya dikuasai Kesultanan Malaka sampai pendu¬dukan Portugis 1511 M. Adapun proses masuknya Islam di Tumasik terjadi bersamaan dengan masuknya para pedagang Muslim, baik dari Arab maupun Persia pada abad ke-8 s.d. 11 M yang mengalami peningkatan aktivitas perdagangan. Kota-kota pesisir dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan, salah satunya Tumasik, di Semenanjung Malaya menjadi pemukiman-pemukiman bagi para pedagang Muslim tersebut. Sebagian dari mereka menetap dan berkeluarga di sana. Dengan demikian, diduga kuat bahwa Islam telah hadir di Tumasik antara abad ke-8 M - ke 11 M. Hingga permulaan abad ke-16 M, Singapura lama tetap menjadi pemukiman Muslim, bersama para pedagang lain, baik dari Eropa, India, maupun Cina, dan sekaligus menjadi pelabuhan penting di bawah kekuasaan Kesultanan Malaka, sampai dengan kesultanan ini ditaklukan oleh Portugis pada 1511 M.
Kata kunci: sejarah awal Islam, Tumasik, Singapura, Kesultanan Malaka
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Kheng, Cheah Boon. "Feudalism in Pre-Colonial Malaya: The Past as a Colonial Discourse." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, no. 2 (September 1994): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400013503.
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Colonial discourse analysis has proven one of the most fruitful and significant areas of research in recent years. This paper considers the orientalist discourse and its context in the case of pre-colonial Malaya. It discusses the concept of “feudalism” as employed by historians of western Europe, by those of precolonial Malaya and, thirdly, by selected post-colonial writers. In discussing the works of Clifford, Maxwell and other nineteenth-century British officials on Malay feudalism, the author argues that the truth value of their analyses should not be dismissed out of hand, for they have much of value to say, that would repay careful study.
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Che Cob @ Ab Ghafar, Saiful Akram, and Mohammad Rusdi Mohd Nasir. "KARTUN-KARTUN PROPAGANDA PRO-JEPUN SEWAKTU PENDUDUKANNYA DI MALAYA, 1942-1945." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v3i1.259.
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AbstrakPenulisan ini akan membicarakan fungsi kartun sebagai satu medium dalam usaha penyebaranpropaganda sewaktu pendudukan Jepun selama 3 tahun 8 bulan di Malaya. Penyelidikan terhadapkartun-kartun bercorak propaganda yang pro kepada pemerintahan Jepun (Dai Nippon) masih belumdianalisis secara kritis dalam konteks sumbangannya sebagai salah satu kaedah indoktrinasi yangberkesan selain daripada kaedah propaganda melalui tetuang udara (siaran radio), risalah bertulis danfilem-filem propaganda. Kartun-kartun yang tersiar di akhbar-akhbar seperti Malai Sinpo, The Malay Mail,Syonan Times dan Penang Daily News memberi gambaran kepada penduduk Malaya pada waktu itumengenai doktrin romantik pembebasan ’Asia untuk Asia’ dan ’Lingkungan Kemakmuran Bersama AsiaTimur Raya’ (kempen Dai Toa Senso) yang dicanang megah oleh Kerajaan Dai Nippon. Kartun-kartunpropaganda turut tersiar di majalah-majalah utama seperti Semangat Asia, Fajar Asia dan Suara Timor.Sumbangan kartun sebagai salah satu sumber perekodan sejarah pendudukan Jepun di Malaya dilihatsignifikan seperti mana rekod-rekod dan laporan-laporan bertulis. Tambahan pula, hal-hal yang kurangdiperkatakan dalam dokumentasi persejarahan negara, iaitu propaganda yang pro kepada pemerintahanJepun menjadi inti kepada penyelidikan ini. Lebih istimewa, dokumentasi tersebut menggunakan kuasavisual (kartun) sebagai daya tarik naratif pensejarahannya. Abstract This paper will discuss the function of cartoons as a medium for the efforts to spread propaganda duringthe occupation of Japan for 3 years and 8 months in Malaya. The study on the cartoons designedspecifically for the propaganda to support the reign of Japanese (Dai Nippon), besides the propagandamethods used, have not been critically analyzed in the context of its contribution as one of the effectivemethods of indoctrination through the air-cast (radio broadcast), writing leaflets and propaganda films.The cartoons were published in newspapers such as Malai Sinpo, The Malay Mail, Syonan Times andDaily News gave the pictures to the people of Malaya at the time of the release of the romantic doctrine‘Asia for Asia’ and ‘Prosperity Ring with Great East Asia’ (Dai Toa Senso campaign) that are bandiedstately by the Government Dai Nippon. Propaganda cartoons also appeared in major magazines suchas The Spirit of Asia, Fajar Asia and Suara Timor. Contributions of the cartoons as a source of recordedhistory of the Japanese occupation in Malaya are seen as significant as other records and writing reports.Furthermore, things are less talked about in the historical documentation of the country, namely proJapanese government propaganda became the core of this research. Exceptionally, the documentationuses the visual power (cartoons) as an attraction of historical narratives.
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Huff, W. G. "Boom-or-Bust Commodities and Industrialization in Pre–World War II Malaya." Journal of Economic History 62, no. 4 (December 2002): 1074–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050702001651.
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This article links the terms of trade, money supply, labor market, and money and credit markets to explore a puzzle in Malayan economic history: why, despite rapid growth and high per capita income, did pre–World War II Malaya industrialize so little? A range of data is drawn together to show how for Malayan manufacturers economic boom was accompanied by precipitate deterioration in the real exchange rate, while in a slump credit contracted sharply and with it the size of the Malayan market for manufactures. Analysis of Malayan experience may be relevant for understanding slight industrialization elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
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Byungkuk Soh. "Malay Nationalism in Literary Activities in the Late Colonial Malaya." 동남아연구 21, no. 2 (September 2011): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21485/hufsea.2011.21.2.003.
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Kadir, Norizan. "Conceptualizing the Malay World: Colonialism and Pan-Malay Identity in Malaya (Book review)." Kajian Malaysia 39, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.1.10.
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ALAGIRISAMY, DARINEE. "The Self-Respect Movement and Tamil Politics of Belonging in Interwar British Malaya, 1929–1939." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 5 (March 6, 2015): 1547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000304.
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AbstractThis article explores ideas of belonging that gained prominence among Indian Tamils in interwar British Malaya by revisiting a transnational dialogue that has been under-represented in the community's history. Through an analysis of the developments that unfolded during and in the decade following Periyar E. V. Ramasamy's first visit to Malaya in 1929, it positions the diaspora within the politics of a reform movement that had a profound impact on Tamil cultural and political consciousness in two colonial societies. Having originated in the former Madras Presidency, the Self-Respect movement entered Malaya at a time when both societies were engulfed in momentous change. Led by the middle class, the movement's subsequent ‘Malayanization’ raised salient questions of political allegiance as it was adapted, challenged, and ultimately reapplied to India in the interest of defending the Tamil homeland. Through an analysis of the contentious loyalties that Malayan Self-Respecters encouraged, and the responses that surfaced in the process, this article will demonstrate that the movement opened up critical new discursive spaces through which the diaspora engaged with its ‘home’ and ‘host’ societies.
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Altalib, Omar. "The International Conference on Islam and Development in Southeast Asia." American Journal of Islam and Society 8, no. 3 (December 1, 1991): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i3.2617.
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The International Conference on Islam and Development in SoutheastAsia was held during September 25-26, 1991, at the Equatorial Hotel, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Academyof Malay Studies (University of Malaya), the Islamic Academy (Universityof Malaya), and the Information and Resource Center (Singapore) and wassponsored by the Hanns-Seidel Foundation. The conference's stated aim wasto demonstrate the differences in programs for cooperation between Islamiccountries, the integration attempts of developing countries, and the actualeconomic and political situations of Southeast Asian countries.There were four main panels in the program: a) Islam and Developmentin Southeast Asia: A Historical Perspective; b) Islam and the Political Process;c) Islam and Economic Development; and 4) Islam and the Future of theRegion.In the first panel, Khoo Kay Kim (professor of Malaysian history,University of Malaya) pointed out that Muslims have historically emphasizededucation, while in modern times they have tended to allow education tobe shaped by outside rather than inside influences. In addition, Muslimeducation in Southeast Asia has lagged behind national development. Atpresent, the education system in Malaysia continues to produce students who ...
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Sykes, Jim. "Towards a Malayan Indian sonic geography: Sound and social relations in colonial Singapore." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 46, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463415000351.
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From the mid-1920s, Indian music scenes developed in Singapore that were not just about the construction of regional and religious forms of Indian diasporic belonging. Drawing upon European, Chinese and Malay influences (musical and otherwise), and performing in contexts that were uncommon in India, Singaporean Indian musicians contributed to non-Indian musics, while incorporating non-Indian influences into Indian genres. Such musical–communal interactions functioned in colonial Singapore to locate the island as a hub for the constitution of a ‘Malayan Indian sonic geography’. By encouraging links between various Indian and other communities throughout the peninsula via radio, films, recordings, touring networks, and performances at hotels and amusement parks, music became a means for Indian communication and integration in colonial Malaya — a sonic geography that would be significantly transformed, though not eliminated, after Singapore and Malaysia parted ways in 1965.
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Pannu, Paula. "The Production and Transmission of Knowledge in Colonial Malaya." Asian Journal of Social Science 37, no. 3 (2009): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853109x436810.
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AbstractThis article aims to highlight how knowledge played an integral role in the cultural reconstruction of the Malay world during the colonial period. The British produced knowledge about the Malays through scholarly writings in history books and the creation of the census report. This knowledge was, for the most part, constructed and did not necessarily correspond to the social reality of the Malays. The education system played a vital role in transmitting this knowledge to the masses, thus beginning a process of internalisation on their part. This led to a rapid disintegration of Malay cultural practices and way of life as they comprehended alien Western concepts, such as history, territory and community. The nationalist movement in present day Malaysia with its emphasis on race and boundaries attests to the degree to which the British has succeeded in transforming the identity of the Malays. The core of this paper is aimed at demonstrating the connection between British administrative procedures and its impact in reconstructing the thought patterns of the people. This permanent invasion upon the minds of the Malays can be said to the most lasting legacy of British colonial rule.
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Wood, Jeffrey J., and L. B. Segerback. "Orchids of Malaya." Kew Bulletin 48, no. 2 (1993): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4117960.
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Corbett, G. H. "ALEURODIDAE OF MALAYA." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 2, no. 6 (March 26, 2009): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00985.x.
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