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Journal articles on the topic 'Malayalam languages'
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K. Bijimol, T., and John T. Abraham. "A Rule Based Approach for Translation of Causative Construction of English and Malayalam for the Development of Prototype for Malayalam to English and English To Malayalam Bilingual Machine Translation System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24134.
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Malayalam is one of the Indian languages and it is a highly agglutinative and morphologically rich. These linguistic specialties of Malayalam determine the quality of all kinds of Malayalam machine translation systems. Causative sentences translations in Malayalam to English and English to Malayalam were analysed using Google Translation System and identified that causative sentence translation in these languages is not up to the mark. This paper discusses the concept and method of causative sentence handling in Malayalam to English and English to Malayalam Machine Translation Systems. A Rule-based system is proposed here to handle the causative sentence in both languages.
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Sebastian, Mary Priya, and G. Santhosh Kumar. "Verb Phrases Alignment Technique for English-Malayalam Parallel Corpus in Statistical Machine Translation Special issue on MTIL 2017." Journal of Intelligent Systems 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0066.
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Abstract Machine translation (MT) from English to foreign languages is a fast developing area of research, and various techniques of translation are discussed in the literature. However, translation from English to Malayalam, a Dravidian language, is still in the rising stage, and works in this field have not flourished to a great extent, so far. The main reason of this shortcoming is the non-availability of linguistic resources and translation tools in the Malayalam language. A parallel corpus with alignment is one of such resources that are essential for a machine translator system. This paper focuses on a technique that enables automatic setting up of a verb-aligned parallel corpus by exploring the internal structure of the English and Malayalam language, which in turn facilitates the task of machine translation from English to Malayalam.
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Menon, A. Govindankutty. "Some observations on the sub-group Tamil-Malayalam: differential realizations of the cluster *ṉt." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no. 1 (February 1990): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00021285.
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The languages belonging to the South-Dravidian sub-group of the Dravidian languages exhibit various degrees of genetic relationship. Though the common retentions and the later innovations have led to an indisputable consensus on broad issues, details regarding the finer genetic relationship remain to be worked out. This paper tries to analyse the genetic relationship between Tamil and Malayalam in the light of some sound changes, and also discusses the problems involved in the interpretation of the linguistic material.All the comparative evidence points to a closer relationship between Tamil and Malayalam. They preserve alike some of the Proto-South-Dravidian features such as *ḻ, *ṛṛ besides innovating sound changes such as *k– > c–. On the basis of a number of common phonological and morphological features, scholars concluded that at the stage known as late Old and early Middle Tamil, Tamil and Malayalam were most probably basically one language with pre- Malayalam as a diverging western dialect of the spoken form of that common language. The innovations which appeared in the ninth- and tenth-century West Coast inscriptions were linked with the similar tendencies observed in colloquial Tamil. The oldest Malayalam inscriptions and literary texts are not earlier than about the ninth century A.D. Since this period is contemporaneous with Middle Tamil, it was argued that the development of a separate language had to be dated to that period.
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Premjith, B., and K. P. Soman. "Deep Learning Approach for the Morphological Synthesis in Malayalam and Tamil at the Character Level." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457976.
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Morphological synthesis is one of the main components of Machine Translation (MT) frameworks, especially when any one or both of the source and target languages are morphologically rich. Morphological synthesis is the process of combining two words or two morphemes according to the Sandhi rules of the morphologically rich language. Malayalam and Tamil are two languages in India which are morphologically abundant as well as agglutinative. Morphological synthesis of a word in these two languages is challenging basically because of the following reasons: (1) Abundance in morphology; (2) Complex Sandhi rules; (3) The possibilty in Malayalam to form words by combining words that belong to different syntactic categories (for example, noun and verb); and (4) The construction of a sentence by combining multiple words. We formulated the task of the morphological generation of nouns and verbs of Malayalam and Tamil as a character-to-character sequence tagging problem. In this article, we used deep learning architectures like Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) , Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM) , Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) , and their stacked and bidirectional versions for the implementation of morphological synthesis at the character level. In addition to that, we investigated the performance of the combination of the aforementioned deep learning architectures and the Conditional Random Field (CRF) in the morphological synthesis of nouns and verbs in Malayalam and Tamil. We observed that the addition of CRF to the Bidirectional LSTM/GRU architecture achieved more than 99% accuracy in the morphological synthesis of Malayalam and Tamil nouns and verbs.
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Varghese, Simi. "Remapping the Visual Contours: An Enquiry into the Film Narratives of Adoor Gopalakrishnan." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, S1 (February 5, 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.s1.2778.
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Adoor Gopalakrishan has been the greatest film director who had elevated Malayalam film to the level of World Cinema. Truly, he is the master craftsman of Indian cinema second only to Satyajit Ray. He had discovered the identity of Malayalam through his visual narratives. He had metamorphosed each film as an experience and eked out a new visual repertoire for Malayalam films. Hitherto, no serious study has been conducted to absorb the visual magnificence of Adoor films. Concerted efforts have been initiated in other Indian languages and world languages to trace the visual dynamics employed in Adoor films. When foreign film critics approach his films seriously, even today we often falter to imbibe the film sensitivity and culture kickstarted by Mr Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Still, he is the ‘unravished fragrance’ of Malayalam film industry. Adoor has been truly one of the masters of world cinema and had carved a special niche for him in the global film map. My paper tries to portray the new visual fervor inculcated by Adoor films in the Malayalam psyche and will unravel the subtle nuances which deeply touch the labyrinthine milieu of Malayalam film world.
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Mathew, Mili Mary, and Jayashree S. Bhat. "ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL PROSODY IN MALAYALAM AND HINDI." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 3 (September 16, 2010): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v3i0.22.
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Emotional prosody is considered as the ability to express emotions. Intonation is one parameter of prosody that gives information on the production aspects of emotions. The aim was to study the intonation patterns in two languages, Malayalam and Hindi, from two different language groups in India and also to document if there are differences in the patterns produced across gender groups. Eight native speakers of Malayalam and Hindi, in the age range of 18-40 years were considered for the study (two males and two females for each of the languages). Simple sentences with five basic emotions were used as the stimuli and the samples were recorded in Motor Speech Profile software (MSP) of Computerized Speech Lab 4150. The patterns were plotted using the PHH model. Acoustic data were subjected to statistical analysis, using Mann Whitney U Test (SPSS Version 16).The results of this study reveal that across the five emotions, the terminal intonation pattern has a falling contour, except for the emotion of anger in females, which has a raising contour. This was observed in both the languages. On subjective observation, there were instances of differences in the patterns across the genders, but these were not statistically significant.
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Mohan, Dhanya, and Sandeep Maruthy. "Vowel Context Effect on the Perception of Stop Consonants in Malayalam and Its Role in Determining Syllable Frequency." Journal of Audiology and Otology 25, no. 3 (July 10, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7874/jao.2021.00087.
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Background and Objectives: The study investigated vowel context effects on the perception of stop consonants in Malayalam. It also probed into the role of vowel context effects in determining the frequency of occurrence of various consonant-vowel (CV) syllables in Malayalam.Subjects and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional pre-experimental post-test only research design on 30 individuals with normal hearing, who were native speakers of Malayalam. The stimuli included three stop consonants, each spoken in three different vowel contexts. The resultant nine syllables were presented in original form and five gating conditions. The consonant recognition in different vowel contexts of the participants was assessed. The frequency of occurrence of the nine target syllables in the spoken corpus of Malayalam was also systematically derived.Results: The consonant recognition score was better in the /u/ vowel context compared with /i/ and /a/ contexts. The frequency of occurrence of the target syllables derived from the spoken corpus of Malayalam showed that the three stop consonants occurred more frequently with the vowel /a/ compared with /u/ and /i/.Conclusions: The findings show a definite vowel context effect on the perception of the Malayalam stop consonants. This context effect observed is different from that in other languages. Stop consonants are perceived better in the context of /u/ compared with the /a/ and /i/ contexts. Furthermore, the vowel context effects do not appear to determine the frequency of occurrence of different CV syllables in Malayalam.
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C, Sunitha, A. Jaya, and Amal Ganesh. "Automatic summarization of Malayalam documents using clause identification method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 4929. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4929-4938.
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<span>Text summarization is an active research area in the field of natural language processing. Huge amount of information in the internet necessitates the development of automatic summarization systems. There are two types of summarization techniques: Extractive and Abstractive. Extractive summarization selects important sentences from the text and produces summary as it is present in the original document. Abstractive summarization systems will provide a summary of the input text as is generated by human beings. Abstractive summary requires semantic analysis of text. Limited works have been carried out in the area of abstractive summarization in Indian languages especially in Malayalam. Only extractive summarization methods are proposed in Malayalam. In this paper, an abstractive summarization system for Malayalam documents using clause identification method is proposed. As part of this research work, a POS tagger and a morphological analyzer for Malayalam words in cricket domain are also developed. The clauses from input sentences are identified using a modified clause identification algorithm. The clauses are then semantically analyzed using an algorithm to identify semantic triples - subject, object and predicate. The score of each clause is then calculated by using feature extraction and the important clauses which are to be included in the summary are selected based on this score. Finally an algorithm is used to generate the sentences from the semantic triples of the selected clauses which is the abstractive summary of input documents.</span>
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Sivan, Remya. "PROCESSING OF ENGLISH-MALAYALAM CODE MIXED LANGUAGES USING NLP TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 5, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v05.i06.004.
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Premjith, B., M. Anand Kumar, and K. P. Soman. "Neural Machine Translation System for English to Indian Language Translation Using MTIL Parallel Corpus." Journal of Intelligent Systems 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-2510.
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Abstract Introduction of deep neural networks to the machine translation research ameliorated conventional machine translation systems in multiple ways, specifically in terms of translation quality. The ability of deep neural networks to learn a sensible representation of words is one of the major reasons for this improvement. Despite machine translation using deep neural architecture is showing state-of-the-art results in translating European languages, we cannot directly apply these algorithms in Indian languages mainly because of two reasons: unavailability of the good corpus and Indian languages are morphologically rich. In this paper, we propose a neural machine translation (NMT) system for four language pairs: English–Malayalam, English–Hindi, English–Tamil, and English–Punjabi. We also collected sentences from different sources and cleaned them to make four parallel corpora for each of the language pairs, and then used them to model the translation system. The encoder network in the NMT architecture was designed with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and bi-directional recurrent neural networks (Bi-RNN). Evaluation of the obtained models was performed both automatically and manually. For automatic evaluation, the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score was used, and for manual evaluation, three metrics such as adequacy, fluency, and overall ranking were used. Analysis of the results showed the presence of lengthy sentences in English–Malayalam, and the English–Hindi corpus affected the translation. Attention mechanism was employed with a view to addressing the problem of translating lengthy sentences (sentences contain more than 50 words), and the system was able to perceive long-term contexts in the sentences.
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Ranasinghe, Tharindu, and Marcos Zampieri. "An Evaluation of Multilingual Offensive Language Identification Methods for the Languages of India." Information 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080306.
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The pervasiveness of offensive content in social media has become an important reason for concern for online platforms. With the aim of improving online safety, a large number of studies applying computational models to identify such content have been published in the last few years, with promising results. The majority of these studies, however, deal with high-resource languages such as English due to the availability of datasets in these languages. Recent work has addressed offensive language identification from a low-resource perspective, exploring data augmentation strategies and trying to take advantage of existing multilingual pretrained models to cope with data scarcity in low-resource scenarios. In this work, we revisit the problem of low-resource offensive language identification by evaluating the performance of multilingual transformers in offensive language identification for languages spoken in India. We investigate languages from different families such as Indo-Aryan (e.g., Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu) and Dravidian (e.g., Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada), creating important new technology for these languages. The results show that multilingual offensive language identification models perform better than monolingual models and that cross-lingual transformers show strong zero-shot and few-shot performance across languages.
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Krajinović, Ana. "Existence, location, possession, and copula in Malabar Indo-Portuguese." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2019-2007.
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Abstract This paper offers a diachronic and a contact-based analysis of existential, locative, possessive, and copulative constructions in Malabar Indo-Portuguese creole (MIP). The existential, locative, and possessive predicates are all expressed with the copulative verb tæ, and nominal and property-denoting predicates can either have the copula tæ or zero copula. I analyze these copulative constructions by establishing their sources in the Portuguese lexifier and Malayalam substrate/adstrate. I show that although the Portuguese verbs ter ‘have’ and estar ‘be’ have paved the way to the semantics of tæ, Malayalam had a strong impact on the morphosyntax and semantics of existential, locative, possessive, and copulative constructions in MIP. This influence is most notable in the case of possessives, which take dative subjects. These findings are compared to the relevant structures in other South Asian languages and show that the existence of locative possession is a strong areal feature of South Asia. I also show that the variability of copula usage in nominal and property-denoting predicates can be explained by variable input from Portuguese and Malayalam copulative constructions. One of the most salient features influenced by Malayalam is the choice of what are etymologically Portuguese nouns instead of adjectives in property-denoting predicates.
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CHANDRA, Pritha, and Anindita SAHOOA. "Passives in South Asian Languages." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 3, no. 1 (April 11, 2013): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.3.1.9-28.
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Haspelmath (2010) debates whether universal (descriptive) categories of the types that generativists (cf. Newmeyer, 2007) envisage are real and needed for cross-linguistic studies. Instead every language has its own unique set of categories. We raise doubt on this “categorial particularism” position by drawing on underlying similarities of passive constructions of three South Asian languages - Oriya (Indo-Aryan), Malayalam (Dravidian) and Kharia (Austro-Asiatic). Unlike English-type passives, they retain subject properties for their logical subjects and object properties for their logical objects, suggesting commonalities that a “categorial particularism” approach would not allow us to posit. Our further contention is that like English passives, they too satisfy Shibatani’s (1985) minimal condition for passives – the underscoring or the optionality of agents. Passive voice must therefore be a universal found in all languages primarily resulting in the optionality of agents. We also show how adopting this approach helps us re-analyse Meitei and Ao (Tibeto-Burman) as languages involving passives.
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Madappa, Manish, Yozna Gurung, and Madhavi Gayathri Raman. "Spinning a yarn across languages: Adapting MAIN for India." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 64 (August 31, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.64.2020.563.
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The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) was developed to assess the narrative abilities of bi- and multilingual children in the various languages that they speak. This paper presents the details of the adaptation of MAIN to three Indian languages, Kannada, Hindi and Malayalam. We describe some typological features of these languages and discuss the challenges faced during the process of adaptation. Finally, we give an overview of results for narrative comprehension and production from Kannada-English and Hindi-English bilinguals aged 7 to 9.
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Luke, K. K., and Adams Bodomo. "A comparative study of the semantics of serial verb constructions in Dagaare and Cantonese." Languages in Contrast 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.3.2.02luk.
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The serial verb construction (SVC) is a productive syntactic phenomenon in many Asian and African languages and has been the subject of various studies. Many of these studies are, however, mainly based on data from the individual Asian and African languages or language groups (e.g. Jayaseelan 1996 for Malayalam; Schiller 1991 for Khmer; Chang 1990 for Mandarin; Bodomo 1997, 1998 for Dagaare and Akan; and Awoyale 1988 for Yoruba). There is a near lack of comparative studies involving Asian and African languages with regards to SVCs. Given the wide variety of syntactic and semantic manifestations that are characteristic of SVCs, cross-linguistic studies are crucial in developing a clear universal typology of SVCs as a first step towards a universal account of their syntax and semantics. Based on Dagaare (a Gur language of West Africa) and Cantonese (a Yue dialect of Chinese), this paper proposes a semantic typology of SVCs including benefactive, causative (resultative), inceptive, instrumental, and deictic serialization.
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Kumar, M. Anand, B. Premjith, Shivkaran Singh, S. Rajendran, and K. P. Soman. "An Overview of the Shared Task on Machine Translation in Indian Languages (MTIL) – 2017." Journal of Intelligent Systems 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0024.
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Abstract In recent years, the multilingual content over the internet has grown exponentially together with the evolution of the internet. The usage of multilingual content is excluded from the regional language users because of the language barrier. So, machine translation between languages is the only possible solution to make these contents available for regional language users. Machine translation is the process of translating a text from one language to another. The machine translation system has been investigated well already in English and other European languages. However, it is still a nascent stage for Indian languages. This paper presents an overview of the Machine Translation in Indian Languages shared task conducted on September 7–8, 2017, at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India. This machine translation shared task in Indian languages is mainly focused on the development of English-Tamil, English-Hindi, English-Malayalam and English-Punjabi language pairs. This shared task aims at the following objectives: (a) to examine the state-of-the-art machine translation systems when translating from English to Indian languages; (b) to investigate the challenges faced in translating between English to Indian languages; (c) to create an open-source parallel corpus for Indian languages, which is lacking. Evaluating machine translation output is another challenging task especially for Indian languages. In this shared task, we have evaluated the participant’s outputs with the help of human annotators. As far as we know, this is the first shared task which depends completely on the human evaluation.
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Spajić, Siniša, Peter Ladefoged, and P. Bhaskararao. "The trills of Toda." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 26, no. 1 (June 1996): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300005296.
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A hundred years from now a large number of presently spoken languages will no longer be viable means of communication, and the distinctive sounds that they contain will have disappeared. Of the nearly seven thousand languages in the world listed by Grimes (1992), about ten per cent are spoken by around a thousand people or less. As the speakers of these languages grow old, and their children go to schools in which the main languages of the country predominate, phoneticians will no longer have access to the wide variety of sounds currently in use. Toda, a language spoken by about a thousand speakers in the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India, has some unusual sounds that will probably not exist in our great grandchildren's times. Among them are the six trills which this paper will describe. Tongue tip trills occur in about one third of the world's languages (Maddieson 1984). None of the languages in Maddieson's sample has two contrasting apical trills without secondary articulations, although they have been reported in Malayalam (Ladefoged 1971). To the best of our knowledge only Toda has three contrasting trills; and almost certainly no other language has surface contrasts between palatalized and non-palatalized versions of three lingual trills. Toda is a rich source for trill-seeking phoneticians.
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Jacob Soman, Saini, P. Swaminathan, R. Anandan, and K. Kalaivani. "A comparative review of the challenges encountered in sentiment analysis of Indian regional language tweets vs English language tweets." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.12394.
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With the developed use of online medium these days for sharing views, sentiments and opinions about products, services, organization and people, micro blogging and social networking sites are acquiring a huge popularity. One of the biggest social media sites namely Twitter is used by several people to share their life events, views and opinion about different areas and concepts. Sentiment analysis is the computational research of reviews, opinions, attitudes, views and peoples’ emotions about different products, services, firms and topics through categorizing them as negative and positive emotions. Sentiment analysis of tweets is a challenging task. This paper makes a critical review on the comparison of the challenges associated with sentiment analysis of Tweets in English Language versus Indian Regional Languages. Five Indian languages namely Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi and Bengali have been considered in this research and several challenges associated with the analysis of Twitter sentiments in those languages have been identified and conceptualized in the form of a framework in this research through systematic review.
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Thomas, Merin, Dr Latha C A, and Antony Puthussery. "Identification of language in a cross linguistic environment." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp544-548.
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<p class="normal">World has become very small due to software internationationalism. Applications of machine translations are increasing day by day. Using multiple languages in the social media text is an developing trend. .Availability of fonts in the native language enhanced the usage of native text in internet communications. Usage of transliterations of language has become quite common. In Indian scenario current generations are familiar to talk in native language but not to read and write in the native language, hence they started using English representation of native language in textual messages. This paper describes the identification of the transliterated text in cross lingual environment .In this paper a Neural network model identifies the prominent language in the text and hence the same can be used to identify the meaning of the text in the concerned language. The model is based upon Recurrent Neural Networks that found to be the most efficient in machine translations. Language identification can serve as a base for many applications in multi linguistic environment. Currently the South Indian Languages Malayalam, Tamil are identified from given text. An algorithmic approach of Stop words based model is depicted in this paper. Model can be also enhanced to address all the Indian Languages that are in use.</p>
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Gamliel, Ophira. "Voices Yet to Be Heard: On Listening to the Last Speakers of Jewish Malayalam." Journal of Jewish Languages 1, no. 1 (2013): 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340004.
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Abstract Jewish history in Kerala, the southernmost state in modern India, goes back to as early as the tenth century CE. In the mid-twentieth century, Kerala Jews migrated en masse to Israel, leaving behind but a handful of their community members and remnants of eight communities, synagogues, and cemeteries. The paper presents a preliminary attempt to describe and analyze the language—so far left undocumented and unexplored—still spoken by Kerala Jews in Israel, based on a language documentation project carried out in 2008 and 2009. In light of the data collected and studied so far, it is clear that the language in question fits nicely into the Jewish languages spectrum, while at the same time it fits perfectly into the linguistic mosaic of castolects in Kerala. Though the linguistic database described here reflects a language in its last stages, it affords salvaging the remnants of a once rich oral heritage and opens new channels for the study of the history, society, and culture of Kerala Jews.
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Jayaseelan, K. A. "Question words in focus positions." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2003 3 (December 31, 2003): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.3.05jay.
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Malayalam, an SOV language, moves its wh-phrases to a Focus position immediately to the left of V (linearly speaking). Multiple wh-phrases are “stacked” in this position. Wh-extraction from an embedded clause is not possible. When a wh-phrase in an embedded clause has matrix scope, scope-marking is done by two movements: the wh-phrase moves to the Focus position in the embedded clause, and the embedded clause is pied-piped to the Focus position in the matrix clause. It is shown that the device of “Attract” by EPP is inadequate (by itself) to describe these movements (or multiple wh-fronting). We suggest a supplementary device. “Association with focus”, the algorithm by which the question operator accesses question words, is (we suggest) a kind of ‘probe’. In languages which employ strong focusing devices, the question operator’s probe “looks at” only Focus positions. In these languages, wh-phrases must cluster in Focus positions in order to be interpreted.
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Girish, Urmila, and Nikhil Govind. "Evolving Notions and Experiences of English Studies and Pedagogy in Contemporary India." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.50.3.
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The article highlights how new sub-disciplines such as Malayalam literature are increasingly emerging as the mainstay of Literary studies in India. Though there is a debt to the British model that highlighted the canon from Chaucer to the twenty-first century, it has become increasingly clear that India will have to find its own understanding of what English Studies can best represent for contemporary Indian interests. Innovation will thus have to emerge both in terms of the content and a student-centred pedagogy. Shift in languages, with an increasing interest in gender, caste, visual culture has been an important step. In terms of pedagogy, negotiation between the need for articulations in mother tongue and English as a second language requires pedagogical reflections.
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Freeman, Rich. "Rubies and Coral: The Lapidary Crafting of Language in Kerala." Journal of Asian Studies 57, no. 1 (February 1998): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659023.
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This paper addresses the problematic birth of the Malayalam language of Kerala in medieval South India. I say “problematic” because, of course, languages are never really born. Indeed, the dominant tradition of language genesis in India long asserted that all languages there only gradually arose by degenerate mutation out of the primordially beginningless Sanskrit. If there is a general truth to be found here, it is that since there are no human communities without speech, novel forms of language must always be emergent from earlier forms. Language genesis is thus always a matter of linguistic differentiation, away from some standard and towards another. But the sustained contrivance of these particular claims for Sanskrit also reflects another linguistic truth: that languages and their constituent elements are routinely shaped, conditioned, and ideologically figured by being themselves made into objects of discourse. In terms of language differentiation, this means the continuum of transformations that may at some point coalesce into a claim for linguistic separateness is always modeled and monitored in and through language itself. The reflexive or metalinguistic nature of this process, however, is always contextually oriented to the social fields in which it operates, so that the ideological positions and interests in those fields tend to carry over into the discursive products of a language and its literature. This study will attempt to highlight the web of relations among language varieties, ideologies, social contexts, and identities, as documented in a treatise on the language of medieval Kerala when that region first raised its claims for a distinctive linguistic identity.
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Mekala, Shailaja, Avanthi Paplikar, Eneida Mioshi, Subhash Kaul, Gollahalli Divyaraj, Gillian Coughlan, Ratnavalli Ellajosyula, et al. "Dementia Diagnosis in Seven Languages: The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III in India." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 5 (March 19, 2020): 528–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa013.
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Abstract Objective With the rising burden of dementia globally, there is a need to harmonize dementia research across diverse populations. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) is a well-established cognitive screening tool to diagnose dementia. But there have been few efforts to standardize the use of ACE-III across cohorts speaking different languages. The present study aimed to standardize and validate ACE-III across seven Indian languages and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the test to detect dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the context of language heterogeneity. Methods The original ACE-III was adapted to Indian languages: Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Urdu, Tamil, and Indian English by a multidisciplinary expert group. The ACE-III was standardized for use across all seven languages. In total, 757 controls, 242 dementia, and 204 MCI patients were recruited across five cities in India for the validation study. Psychometric properties of adapted versions were examined and their sensitivity and specificity were established. Results The sensitivity and specificity of ACE-III in identifying dementia ranged from 0.90 to 1, sensitivity for MCI ranged from 0.86 to 1, and specificity from 0.83 to 0.93. Education but not language was found to have an independent effect on ACE-III scores. Optimum cut-off scores were established separately for low education (≤10 years of education) and high education (>10 years of education) groups. Conclusions The adapted versions of ACE-III have been standardized and validated for use across seven Indian languages, with high diagnostic accuracy in identifying dementia and MCI in a linguistically diverse context.
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Thomas, Merin, and Latha C.A. "Sentimental analysis using recurrent neural network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.27 (August 2, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.27.12635.
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Sentiment analysis has been an important topic of discussion from two decades since Lee published his first paper on the sentimental analysis in 2002. Apart from the sentimental analysis in English, it has spread its wing to other natural languages whose significance is very important in a multi linguistic country like India. The traditional approaches in machine learning have paved better accuracy for the Analysis. Deep Learning approaches have gained its momentum in recent years in sentimental analysis. Deep learning mimics the human learning so expectations are to meet higher levels of accuracy. In this paper we have implemented sentimental analysis of tweets in South Indian language Malayalam. The model used is Recurrent Neural Networks Long Short-Term Memory, a deep learning technique to predict the sentiments analysis. Achieved accuracy was found increasing with quality and depth of the datasets.
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Kulkarni, Muralidhar M., Veena Ganesh Kamath, Jo Cranwell, John Britton, Gaurang P. Nazar, Monika Arora, Kirthinath Ballal, and Asha Kamath. "Assessment of tobacco imagery and compliance with tobacco-free rules in popular Indian films." Tobacco Control 29, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054613.
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BackgroundExposure to smoking in films causes smoking uptake among adolescents. Investigation of the extent to which tobacco imagery appears, or tobacco control laws are complied with in Indian films is limited, and especially so for films in regional languages. This study presents an analysis of tobacco content and compliance with tobacco control laws in popular films in several languages from the Karnataka state of India.MethodsWe used 5 min interval coding to measure actual tobacco use, implied tobacco use, tobacco paraphernalia and tobacco branding in the top 10 films identified from national box office ratings and regional distributor reports in Karnataka in 2015 and 2016. We also assessed compliance with tobacco-free film rules in India.FindingsA total of 47 films, in English, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Tulu languages were coded. Any tobacco imagery was observed in 72% of films, and actual tobacco use in 50%. Tobacco imagery was equally prevalent in films classified as suitable for universal viewing (U category) or at age 12 or more (U/A category) films; and significantly more common in films made in regional than national language (Hindi). None of the films were fully compliant with legal requirements on health spots, audiovisual disclaimers and health warnings.ConclusionsTobacco content was common in films classified as suitable for viewing by children, more among regional than national languages. Compliance with tobacco control laws was low. Stricter enforcement of tobacco-free film rules will protect children and adolescents from exposure to tobacco use on screen.
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Punnoose, Reenu, Ghada Khattab, and Jalal Al-Tamimi. "The Contested Fifth Liquid in Malayalam: A Window into the Lateral-Rhotic Relationship in Dravidian Languages." Phonetica 70, no. 4 (2013): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000356359.
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Sornicola, Rosanna. "It-Clefts and Wh-clefts: two awkward sentence types." Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (September 1988): 343–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011828.
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The aim of this paper is to examine two constructions, It-Cleft Sentences (e.g. It is me who/that wrote the book) and Wh-Cleft Sentences (e.g. The one who wrote the book is me), which constitute a problematic area of contemporary research in grammar.It-Cleft Sentences and Wh-Cleft Sentences (henceforth ICS and WCS, respectively) appear in a number of languages which are typologically different from each other, and have some, but not all, of their characteristics in common. In Malayalam, for example, in the configuration of the ICS, S¯ is not recognizable: cf. Mohanan, 1978. Both ICS and WCS are present in many European languages (although ICS seem to have a more limited geographic distribution) and in Chinese. In the Semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew) only the WCS type occurs. The present paper will deal mainly with English constructions and will also present, at the syntactic level, a comparative analysis between the constructions in English and the corresponding constructions in the Romance languages (French, Italian and Spanish). This comparison is useful in that it allows us to study the existence of a field of variability in the syntactic properties characterizing the way these types of sentences are realized in European languages.
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Pillai, Meena T. "‘Camera Obscura’ to ‘Camera Dentata’: Women Directors and the Politics of Gender in Malayalam Cinema." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, no. 1 (June 2020): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620939330.
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This article examines women directors in Malayalam cinema as historical subjects, looking at the manner in which they place themselves within Kerala’s cultural semiotics and its popular imaginary, disrupting or legitimising an illusion coded to the measure of gender desires and differences within its semiosphere. The logic of commercial cinema demands that women directors fall in sync with the representative politics of the male gaze and a capitalist libidinal economy, seducing women into passive codes of femininity and aligning men within the registers of a hegemonic masculinity, in effect foreclosing the play of alternative languages of desire. Malayalam cinema has had two kinds of women directors, one who tries to puncture this logic from within the male bastions of popular cinema, and the second who strives to be an ‘other’ to the mythmakers of the phallic order. The article attempts to read the first mode of intervention using the Marxian specular metaphor of the camera obscura as a hierarchical apparatus of ideological inversion where the real is substituted by a spectacle of the illusory. To analyse the latter, the article puts forward the metaphor of camera dentata – that modus of representation which seeks to topple the patriarchal and capitalist ideological predispositions of the cinematic apparatus, thus rendering it capable of diminishing the power of phallic signifiers and ‘the moral panics of sexuality’ they engender.
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BEKEŠ, Andrej. "Foreword." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 3, no. 1 (April 11, 2013): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.3.1.5-6.
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With this volume, Acta Linguistica Asiatica is entering its 3rd year. After the second half of last year, focusing on research in “Lexicography of Japanese as a Second/Foreign Language” we begin this year with selection of papers covering various perspectives and languages, from South Asian Languages, via Indian subcontinent and China all the way to Japan.The first paper, by Pritha CHANDRA and Anindita SAHOO, entitled Passives in South Asian Languages, discusses continuum of passive constructions, spreading over three language families , Indo-Aryan (Oriya), Dravidian (Malayalam) and Austro-Asiatic (Kharia), and forming a kind of sprachbund, based on a generalized notion of passive. This approach also shows that Tibeto-Burman languages such as Meitei and Ao also can be said to have passives.The second paper, by Kalyanamalini SAHOO, entitled Politeness Strategies in Odia, discusses the conceptual basis for politnesess strategies in Odia (spelled also Oriya as in the first paper), pointing out inadequacy of Brown and Levinson’s model of politness, and proposing a new, “community of practice” based model of politeness for Odia.The next two papers deal with neologisms in Chinese language. LIN Ming-chang in his paper A New Perspective on the Creation of Neologisms focuses on the language user’s psychological requirements for devising neologisms, and therefore proposes a new research perspective towards the reasons for devising neologisms. Mateja PETROVČIČ in her paper The Fifth Milestone in the Development of Chinese Language investigates the structure and features of neologisms in the last century. The author suggests that the widening gap between rich and poor should be considered as the fifth milestone for changes in Chinese language.In the fifth paper, We Have It too: A Strategy Which Helps to Grasp the Japanese Writing System for Students from Outside of the Chinese Character Cultural Zone, the author, Andrej BEKEŠ, argues for employment of analogy transfer strategies to help beginner learners of Japanese to overcome cognitive and affecctive blocade when facing the complexities of Japanese writing system.
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Watson, Janet C. E. "Syllabification patterns in Arabic dialects: long segments and mora sharing." Phonology 24, no. 2 (August 2007): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675707001224.
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In Classical Arabic and many modern Arabic dialects, syllables ending in VVC or in the left leg of a geminate have a special status. An examination of Kiparsky's (2003) semisyllable account of syllabification types and related phenomena in Arabic against a wider set of data shows that while this account explains much syllable-related variation, certain phenomena cannot be captured, and several dialects appear to exhibit conflicting syllable-related phenomena. Phenomena not readily covered by the semisyllable account commonly involve long segments – long vowels or geminate consonants. In this paper, I propose for relevant dialects a mora-sharing solution that recognises the special status of syllables incorporating long segments. Such a mora-sharing solution is not new, but has been proposed for the analysis of syllables containing long segments in a number of languages, including Arabic (Broselow 1992, Broselow et al.1995), Malayalam, Hindi (Broselow et al.1997) and Bantu languages (Maddieson 1993, Hubbard 1995).
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Panjikaran, Lloyd Devassy, and Aju Mathew. "Using effective web-based tools to address cancer health care disparities." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.76.
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76 Background: Most of the World’s cancer patients live in non-English speaking world. However, there is a lack of authentic web-based cancer informational tools in non-English language, especially in low and middle-income countries. With increasing access to internet, there is an emergent need to democratize health information in native languages. The senior author was sensitive to this unmet need and created a comprehensive cancer website in Malayalam, a language spoken by more than 35 million people (www.keralacancercare.com). We describe the steps in creating the web resource and provide data on its use across various web and social media platforms. Methods: The senior author produced educational video sessions and cancer literature in Malayalam language. The website had three main sections – cancer basics, cancer A-Z and cancer FAQs. Cancer basics section contained sections on various basic cancer information such as types of malignancies, definitions, staging, symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests and screening. It also included sections on various treatment modalities, treatment side effects and information on cancer risk reduction, genetics and prevention. Cancer A-Z section contained instructional videos on major cancers. Cancer FAQs addressed common cancer myths and questions. A social media profile along with contact information through email service was also launched. The total cost incurred for development of such a web-based tool with presence on social media was less than USD 1500. Results: Since the launch of the web resource in May 2017, the website has now been accessed by more than 5000 unique visitors from 84 countries. More than 50 cancer related questions have been addressed since the launch. The web views of some of the brief informational videos such as ‘how to reduce risk for cancer’ has been viewed more than 150,000 times in social media pages. Conclusions: Creating authentic cancer informational web-based tools will have an immediate impact on addressing cancer healthcare disparities around the world. National and regional cancer societies must foster and encourage creation of novel healthcare informational tools that can truly democratize and empower people.
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Agrawal, Aakash, K. V. S. Hari, and S. P. Arun. "Reading Increases the Compositionality of Visual Word Representations." Psychological Science 30, no. 12 (November 7, 2019): 1707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619881134.
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Reading causes widespread changes in the brain, but its effect on visual word representations is unknown. Learning to read may facilitate visual processing by forming specialized detectors for longer strings or by making word responses more predictable from single letters—that is, by increasing compositionality. We provided evidence for the latter hypothesis using experiments that compared nonoverlapping groups of readers of two Indian languages (Telugu and Malayalam). Readers showed increased single-letter discrimination and decreased letter interactions for bigrams during visual search. Importantly, these interactions predicted subjects’ overall reading fluency. In a separate brain-imaging experiment, we observed increased compositionality in readers, whereby responses to bigrams were more predictable from single letters. This effect was specific to the anterior lateral occipital region, where activations best matched behavior. Thus, learning to read facilitates visual processing by increasing the compositionality of visual word representations.
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Slade, Benjamin. "Quantifier particle environments." Linguistic Variation 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 280–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.17007.sla.
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Abstract I examine the set of environments in which KA-type quantifier particles appear crosslinguistically. These environments include interrogatives, disjunctions, indefinites, all of which arguably involve elements with Hamblin-type ‘alternative’ semantic values. I show that if KA-particles are assigned a uniform denotation as variables over choice functions we can account for their appearance in what otherwise appears to be a set of heterogeneous environments. Crosslinguistic and diachronic variation in the distribution of Q-particles – including, in some cases, the appearance of multiple morphologically-distinct Q-particles in different contexts – can be handled largely in terms of differing formal morphosyntactic features and/or pragmatic components of specific KA-particles. This study focuses on tracking the evolution of KA-type particles in the history of Sinhala, with comparison to other languages of the Indian subcontinent (including Malayalam and Tamil) as well as to Japanese, Tlingit, and English.
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Zimmermann, Malte. "Variation in the expression of universal quantification and free choice." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2008 8 (December 31, 2008): 179–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.8.06zim.
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I argue that the interpretation of expressions consisting of disjunction marker and wh-element (wh-disj expressions), which varies across languages, constitutes a case of semantic variation. In Hausa, these expressions denote universal generalized quantifiers, which give rise to free choice effects in intensional contexts (Giannakidou 2001). The universal meaning is derived in compositional fashion, where the disjunction marker expresses set union over the wh-domain. The free choice effects follow from the scopal interaction of universal quantifier and intensional operator. The account relates to Giannakidou & Cheng’s (2006) analysis of (quasi)universal FCIs, but it does not extend to Japanese and Malayalam wh-disj expressions, which are interpreted with existential force and should be analyzed as indeterminate pronouns (Jayaseelan 2001; Kratzer & Shimoyama 2002). Motivated by the analysis of FCIs in Menendéz-Benito (2005), we finally consider an alternative analysis of koo-wh expressions as selective indeterminate pronouns, which is rejected on conceptual and empirical grounds.
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Gamliel, Ophira. "Back from Shingly: Revisiting the premodern history of Jews in Kerala." Indian Economic & Social History Review 55, no. 1 (January 2018): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464617745926.
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Jewish history in Kerala is based on sources mainly from the colonial period onward and mostly in European languages, failing to account for the premodern history of Jews in Kerala. These early modern sources are based on oral traditions of Paradeśi Jews in Cochin, who view the majority of Kerala Jews as inferior. Consequently, the premodern history of Kerala Jews remains untold, despite the existence of premodern sources that undermine unsupported notions about the premodern history of Kerala Jews—a Jewish ‘ur-settlement’ called Shingly in Kodungallur and a centuries-old isolation from world Jewry. This article reconstructs Jewish history in premodern Kerala solely based on premodern travelogues and literature on the one hand and on historical documents in Old Malayalam, Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic on the other hand. Sources of the early modern period are then examined for tracing the origins of the Shingly myth, arguing that the incorporation of the Shingly legend into the historiography of Kerala Jews was affected by contacts with European Jews in the Age of Discoveries rather than being a reflection of historical events.
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Iyer, Gowri K., Avanthi Paplikar, Suvarna Alladi, Aparna Dutt, Meenakshi Sharma, Shailaja Mekala, Subhash Kaul, et al. "Standardising Dementia Diagnosis Across Linguistic and Educational Diversity: Study Design of the Indian Council of Medical Research-Neurocognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB)." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719001127.
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AbstractObjectives:While the burden of dementia is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, there is a low rate of diagnosis and paucity of research in these regions. A major challenge to study dementia is the limited availability of standardised diagnostic tools for use in populations with linguistic and educational diversity. The objectives of the study were to develop a standardised and comprehensive neurocognitive test battery to diagnose dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to varied etiologies, across different languages and educational levels in India, to facilitate research efforts in diverse settings.Methods:A multidisciplinary expert group formed by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) collaborated towards adapting and validating a neurocognitive test battery, that is, the ICMR Neurocognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB) in five Indian languages (Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam), for illiterates and literates, to standardise diagnosis of dementia and MCI in India.Results:Following a review of existing international and national efforts at standardising dementia diagnosis, the ICMR-NCTB was developed and adapted to the Indian setting of sociolinguistic diversity. The battery consisted of tests of cognition, behaviour, and functional activities. A uniform protocol for diagnosis of normal cognition, MCI, and dementia due to neurodegenerative diseases and stroke was followed in six centres. A systematic plan for validating the ICMR-NCTB and establishing cut-off values in a diverse multicentric cohort was developed.Conclusions:A key outcome was the development of a comprehensive diagnostic tool for diagnosis of dementia and MCI due to varied etiologies, in the diverse socio-demographic setting of India.
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Kalorth, Nithin, and Rohini Sreekumar. "'SEEDS' of 'Good Lessons' through 'Many a Drop'-- Media Initiation in Environmental Education: An Indian Model of Environmental Pedagogy." Earth Common Journal 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.312.
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Environmental communication is now an emerging and a significant curriculum from schools to research centers. The effective and efficient environmental communication occurs when learners interact with their surrounding environment/ecology in which they live and reciprocate for sustainable protection and restoration of it. Developing countries in Asia and Africa are now setting up new role models and practices in curricula of environmental communication. The traditional theory based environmental communication curriculum of the last century is now actively investigated and restructured through community based learning, affirmative actions, and student centered participatory curriculum. Kerala, a southern State in India, serves as an exemplar of this new eco-venture. Through case studies like, Nalla Paadam (Good Lesson), Palathulli Project (Many a Drop Project) by the Malayalam language daily ‘Malayala Manoram’, and SEED project by another Malayalam daily ‘Mathrubhumi’, this paper analyses the innovative curriculum practices in the state of Kerala in India.
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Arnold, B. J., H. Du, S. Eremenco, and D. Cella. "Using the FACT-Neurotoxicity Subscale to evaluate quality of life in patients from across the globe." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 17032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.17032.
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17032 Background: Translation of Patient Reported Outcomes measures is an essential component of research methodology in preparation for multinational clinical trials. One such measure is the FACT-Neurotoxicity Subscale (FACT-Ntx) which is aimed at the evaluation of quality of life of cancer patients suffering from neurotoxicity, a side effect of certain treatments. Methods: This study set out to linguistically validate the FACT-Ntx for use in Denmark, India, Lithuania and S. Africa. The sample consisted of 176 patients (96 males & 80 females), with varying cancer diagnoses and a mean age of 51 years, speaking 11 languages: Afrikaans (15), Danish (25), Gujarati (15), Hindi (15), Kannada (15), Lithuanian (15), Malayalam (15), Marathi (15), Punjabi (15), Tamil (15) and Telugu (16). The FACT-Ntx was translated using standard FACIT methodology. Patients diagnosed with cancer, at any stage, receiving any treatment experiencing neurotoxicity completed the respective translated version and participated in cognitive debriefing interviews to give their opinion on any problems with the translations or the content of the FACT-Ntx. Statistical analyses (descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and reliability analyses) were performed on the quantitative data. Participant comments were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The FACT-Ntx translations showed good reliability and linguistic validity. The internal consistency of all languages combined was .86. All items correlated at an acceptable level. The Ntx score differed across self-reported Performance Status Rating (PSR) groups (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test p<.0001). A nonparametric Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach (with multiple comparison adjusted significance level 0.017) showed a difference between ‘PSR=0’ and ‘PSR=1’ (p=0.0002) and a difference between ‘PSR=0’ and ‘PSR=2’ (p<.0001), both with ‘PSR=0’ patients reporting less neurotoxicity. Conclusions: The FACT-Ntx has shown acceptable reliability and linguistic validity in 11 languages. The instrument has also shown adequate sensitivity in differentiating patients with no symptoms and normal activity from patients reporting some symptoms. We consider these translations acceptable for use in international research and clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Krishnan, Vineetha. "Who Debarred "you‟?" Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.38.5.
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The paper examines the idea of „unqualified public‟ in International Film Festival of Kerala, IFFK. The general notions about the public in IFFK will be described by narrating incidents and tales of hindrances people faced while entering into the above-mentioned space. The criticisms leveled against cinema in the discussions, outside the space, always contributed to number of censures of the Film Festival too, spurring debates centering around who should watch a movie or who should participate in IFFK. A paper that aims to understand the notion of public, in an international festival on films in Kerala, cannot possibly neglect the typical perspectives and publicnotions about movies, especially among a select group of people in Kerala. While unpacking the notions of who these public individuals are and what their opinions on films are, the paper will also raise questions such as: Do films really imagine a homogeneous public, an idea of public without differences? What is the film‟s conception of public sphere? Do films create a new kind of public sphere? Then, what about cinema kottakas and film festivals? The paper takes note of one of the burning controversies in 2014 in the history of IFFK, that each delegate should submit a note on his/her ideas about cinema. Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Malayalam film director had suggested that only those who know English can enjoy all the movies as the Festival includes movies in other languages with subtitles (Ramnath 2014). So I here look at how specifically, language becomes a key factor to determine a „qualified public‟ in IFFK, among other factors that aid in the manufacturing of the „qualified public‟. For this study on IFFK the aim would be to focus on the description and analysis of (unqualified) public in IFFK in relation to the recent controversies, to reveal the multi-layered construction of the „qualified public‟.
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Kidiyoor, Gururaj H., and Prashant V. Yatgiri. "Kannada movie industry in India: strategies for survival." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (July 28, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2016-0226.
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Subject area Strategy. Study level/applicability This case can be used on a strategic management course in the second year of an MBA programme, any special elective course on the media and entertainment industry and in executive education programmes to demonstrate the application of strategic management concepts and frameworks. Case overview The Indian film industry was the largest in the world and the seventh largest in terms of revenue. Significant number of movies were made in languages such as Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada, with Hindi commanding the highest number. The film industry in Karnataka made movies in the Kannada language. The industry was plagued by a host of issues with the industry contributing just 2 per cent of the revenues and box office success rate at just around 25 per cent. The state government had set up Karnataka Chalanachitra Academy with the objective of promotion and development of the movie industry in Karnataka. The Chairman of the academy, Shailesh Singh, was extremely concerned about the poor success rate of Kannada movies and was contemplating various options of reviving the ailing Kannada movie industry. Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are as follows: application of strategic management frameworks in the context of the movie industry; analysis of industry issues from the long-term and short-term perspectives; study of different entities in the movie industry and the roles they play and their interdependence; applying learning to suggest survival strategies in an extremely competitive market; and insights into the role of government in the media/entertainment industry. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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K., Nishanth Krishna, Rashmi Kundapur, N. Udaya Kiran, and Sanjeev Badiger. "FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION CONSUMPTION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SEMI-URBAN FIELD PRACTICE AREA OF K.S. HEGDE MEDICAL ACADEMY, MANGALORE: A PILOT STUDY." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 05, no. 02 (June 2015): 031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703886.
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Abstract Introduction: Food security is defined as “Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life”. The deprivation of basic need represented by food insecurity and hunger are possible precursors to nutritional, health, and developmental problems Objectives: To assess the food security and the pattern of nutrient intake among the households of field practice areas and to describe the relationship between food security with various socio demographic factors and select diseases like diabetes and hypertension. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in households of Kuthar and Manjanady villages of Dakshina Kannada district from June- August 2014. The Food Security Core-Module Questionnaire in the Guide to Measuring Household Food Security (Revised 2000) prepared by United States Department of Agriculture was used in this study. The questionnaire was translated to local languages (Kannada and Malayalam) and linguistic validation was done. The data was analysed using SPSS software. Results: Around 53% of the houses studies were food secure followed by households with food insecurity with no hunger. Majority of the houses had carbohydrate and protein as their predominant nutrient intake. Majority of the households spending 26-50% of the total income on food were food secure. Among the food secure households, diabetes was present in nearly half the houses Conclusions: The study area does not have hunger as a problem but still food insecurity exists, with upto 50% of income spent on food.
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Renjit, Sara, and Sumam Idicula. "Natural language inference for Malayalam language using language agnostic sentence representation." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (May 4, 2021): e508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.508.
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Natural language inference (NLI) is an essential subtask in many natural language processing applications. It is a directional relationship from premise to hypothesis. A pair of texts is defined as entailed if a text infers its meaning from the other text. The NLI is also known as textual entailment recognition, and it recognizes entailed and contradictory sentences in various NLP systems like Question Answering, Summarization and Information retrieval systems. This paper describes the NLI problem attempted for a low resource Indian language Malayalam, the regional language of Kerala. More than 30 million people speak this language. The paper is about the Malayalam NLI dataset, named MaNLI dataset, and its application of NLI in Malayalam language using different models, namely Doc2Vec (paragraph vector), fastText, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers), and LASER (Language Agnostic Sentence Representation). Our work attempts NLI in two ways, as binary classification and as multiclass classification. For both the classifications, LASER outperformed the other techniques. For multiclass classification, NLI using LASER based sentence embedding technique outperformed the other techniques by a significant margin of 12% accuracy. There was also an accuracy improvement of 9% for LASER based NLI system for binary classification over the other techniques.
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Ajees, A. P., K. J. Abrar, Mary Idicula Sumam, and M. Sreenathan. "A Deep Level Tagger for Malayalam, a Morphologically Rich Language." Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, no. 1 (July 5, 2020): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0070.
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Abstract In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in the amount of natural language text through various sources. Computational analysis of this text has got considerable attention among the NLP researchers. Automatic analysis and representation of natural language text is a step by step procedure. Deep level tagging is one of such steps applied over the text. In this paper, we demonstrate a methodology for deep level tagging of Malayalam text. Deep level tagging is the process of assigning deeper level information to every noun and verb in the text along with normal POS tags. In this study, we move towards a direction that is not much explored in the case of Malayalam language. Malayalam is a morphologically rich and agglutinative language. The morphological features of the language are effectively utilized for the computational analysis of Malayalam text. The language level details required for the study are provided by Thunjath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University, Tirur.
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Sebastian, Mary Priya, and G. Santhosh Kumar. "Machine Learning Approach to Suffix Separation on a Sandhi Rule Annotated Malayalam Data Set." South Asia Research 40, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728020915567.
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This article explores in depth various sandhi (joining) rules in Kerala’s Malayalam language, which play a vital role in framing of the inflected and agglutinated forms of words and their compounds. It discusses significant progress in a scientific method to generate a specific annotated data set of Malayalam words that would be useful in many Natural Language Processing tasks which involve Malayalam preprocessing. The article discusses the results and issues encountered in developing this word-splitting tool for Malayalam, mainly in the context of improving the alignments between parallel texts that form a core resource in the Machine Translation task.
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Namboodiripad, Savithry, and Marc Garellek. "Malayalam (Namboodiri Dialect)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000407.
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Malayalam ( /malajaːɭam/; ISO 639) is a Dravidian language (Southern branch) spoken by over 33 million people in India, predominantly in Kerala (Lewis, Simmons & Fenning 2013). The language is diglossic, with the formal register used in written media and orally in formal settings. Colloquial Malayalam, for which there is no standard orthography, varies by region and social community (Asher & Kumari 1997). The speech illustrated below is representative of the variety spoken by the Namboodiri subcaste of Brahmins in and around Kochi, a city in central Kerala. The Namboodiri subcaste was traditionally a land-owning priestly class, and until relatively recently, the community was very insular. Consequently, the dialect differed from standard Malayalam as it is spoken today; this is discussed in some detail in U. Namboodiripad (1989, personal communication).
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Chatterjee, Sebanti. "Performing Bollywood Broadway: Shillong Chamber Choir as Bollywood’s Other." Society and Culture in South Asia 6, no. 2 (July 2020): 304–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393861720923812.
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This article attempts to explore the performativity that surrounds choral music in contemporary India. 1 1 Choral music was discovered in Western civilization and Christianity. As a starting point, it had the Gregorian reforms of the 6th century. Choir primarily refers to a vocal ensemble practising sacred music inside church settings as opposed to chorus which indicates vocal ensembles performing in secular environments. Multiple singers rendered sacred polyphony 1430 onwards. By the end of the century a standardized four-part range of three octaves or more became a feature. The vocal parts were called superius (later, soprano), altus, tenor (from its function of ‘holding’ the cantus-firmus) and bassus (Unger 2010, 2–3). Moving beyond its religious functions, the Shillong Chamber Choir locates itself within various sounds. Hailing from Meghalaya in the north- eastern part of India, the Shillong Chamber Choir has many folksy and original compositions in languages such as Khasi, Nagamese, Assamese and Malayalam. However, what brought them national fame was the Bollywoodisation 2 2 Bollywood refers to the South Asian film industry situated in Mumbai. The term also includes its film music and scores. of the choir. With its win in the reality TV Show, India’s Got Talent 3 3 India’s Got Talent is a reality TV series on Colors television network founded by Sakib Zakir Ahmed, part of Global British Got Talent franchise. in 2010, the Shillong Chamber Choir introduced two things to the Indian sound-scape—reproducing and inhabiting the Bollywood sound within a choral structure, and introducing to the Indian audience a medley of songs that could be termed ‘popular’, but which ultimately acquired a more eclectic framework. Medley is explored as a genre. The purpose of this article is to understand how ‘Bollywood Broadway’ is the mode through which choral renditions and more mainstream forms of entertainment are coming together.
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Raman, Rajiv, Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Janani Surya, Radha Ramakrishnan, Sobha Sivaprasad, Dolores Conroy, Jitendra Pal Thethi, V. Mohan, and Gopalakrishnan Netuveli. "Impact on health and provision of healthcare services during the COVID-19 lockdown in India: a multicentre cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e043590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043590.
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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a national lockdown in India from midnight on 25 March 2020, with conditional relaxation by phases and zones from 20 April. We evaluated the impact of the lockdown in terms of healthcare provisions, physical health, mental health and social well-being within a multicentre cross-sectional study in India.MethodsThe SMART India study is an ongoing house-to-house survey conducted across 20 regions including 11 states and 1 union territory in India to study diabetes and its complications in the community. During the lockdown, we developed an online questionnaire and delivered it in English and seven popular Indian languages (Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telegu, Kannada, Bengali, Malayalam) to random samples of SMART-India participants in two rounds from 5 May 2020 to 24 May 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the overall impact on health and healthcare provision in phases 3 and 4 of lockdown in red and non-red zones and their interactions.ResultsA total of 2003 participants completed this multicentre survey. The bivariate relationships between the outcomes and lockdown showed significant negative associations. In the multivariable analyses, the interactions between the red zones and lockdown showed that all five dimensions of healthcare provision were negatively affected (non-affordability: OR 1.917 (95% CI 1.126 to 3.264), non-accessibility: OR 2.458 (95% CI 1.549 to 3.902), inadequacy: OR 3.015 (95% CI 1.616 to 5.625), inappropriateness: OR 2.225 (95% CI 1.200 to 4.126) and discontinuity of care: OR 6.756 (95% CI 3.79 to 12.042)) and associated depression and social loneliness.ConclusionThe impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on health and healthcare was negative. The exaggeration of income inequality during lockdown can be expected to extend the negative impacts beyond the lockdown.
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Kurian, Cini, and Kannan Balakrishnan. "Automated Transcription System for Malayalam Language." International Journal of Computer Applications 19, no. 5 (2011): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/2360-3091.
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Idicula, Sumam Mary, and Peter S. David. "A Morphological Processor for Malayalam Language." South Asia Research 27, no. 2 (July 2007): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272800702700203.
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