Academic literature on the topic 'Maldescended testes'

Undescended testis one of the common problems in pediatric population. Nearly half of the undescended testis descends into scrotum within six months spontaneously. Current trend of management is to repair as early as possible within the first year of life. Late management or repair may lead to dysplastic changes in the testis and prone for higher malignancy incidence. We have collected the data of the undescended testis in pediatric surgery department of Government General Hospital and Guntur Medical College, Guntur over the period of 5 years from January 2017 to December 2021.&nbsp;<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong>Cryptorchidism means hidden testes or invisible testis and other common names are undescended and maldescended testis. There are many controversies in the management and other aspects of undescended testes. Knowledge of abnormal morphogenesis, hormonal effects, molecular pathology of undescended testes very important to diagnosis as well as treatment of this very common entity. Hormonal therapy is not much useful, Orchiopexy is best successful treatment to relocate the testis into the scrotum. Successful orchiopexy may reduce but not completely prevent potential infertility and testicular malignancy. Proper counseling and regular long-term follow-up of the patient are essential to detect malignancy.&nbsp;<strong>Study design:&nbsp;</strong>Its retrospective observational study of Undescended testis in children with evaluation and management during the period of January 2017 to December 2021.&nbsp;<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong>&nbsp;Data collected during January 1st ,2017 to December 31^st&nbsp;,2019 regarding operated cases of undescended testis in pediatric surgery department of government General Hospital Guntur, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India<strong>.&nbsp;</strong>Total number patients of undescended testis operated during these 5 years are 232 cases. Total number of testes operated was 275.Right side undescended testis 113 cases (48.7%), Left side undescended testis 76 cases (32.7%).&nbsp; Bilateral undescended testis 43 cases (18.5%). Procedures adopted are 1 standard classical inguinal orchiopexy done 230 testes (226 orchiopexies four nubbins, two transverse testicular ectopia noted), 2. Inguinal incision with&nbsp;&nbsp; intra-peritoneal exploration in 19 testes and orchiopexy in 16 testes, two blind ending vas, one nubbin noted, 3. laparoscopy in 26 testes, orchiopexy done in 19 testes, three testes absent,&nbsp; two blind ending vas, two nubbins were noted. Total number of patients were 232. Total testes studied was 275.&nbsp;<strong>Results:</strong>&nbsp;Out of 230 inguinal explorations, 226 testes placed in scrotum (98.2%). Low intra-abdominal testes 19 explorations done,16 orchiopexies, two blind ending vas, one nubbin (84.2% orchiopexies). High intraabdominal position testes, 26 explorations done,3 absent testes,2 blind ending vas, 2 nubbins,19 orchiopexies (73%). Out of 275 exploration, 261 testes placed in scrotum (94.9%). On follow up eight testes were Atrophied (3.16%), eleven testes ascended (4.34%) six wound infections (2.18%).&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;Surgical correction is main treatment for undescended testis. Successful placement of testes in scrotum is possible in almost all cases. Minimum surgical complication operatively. Follow up needed till attaining puberty. Incidence of malignancy, infertility increased if delayed orchiopexy beyond 2years age. Early orchiopexy (6months to one years) may improve the infertility, probably decrease the malignancy. Atrophy of testes, Ascended testes less common than many studies. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;