To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Male circumcision (MC).
Journal articles on the topic 'Male circumcision (MC)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 23 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Male circumcision (MC).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kim, Hana, Adam Branscum, F. DeWolfe Miller, and Diego F. Cuadros. "Geospatial assessment of the voluntary medical male circumcision programme in Tanzania, 2011–2016." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (November 2019): e001922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001922.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionTanzania is one of the 14 priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention. In this study, we assessed the progress of VMMC by evaluating changes in the spatial structure of male circumcision (MC) prevalence and identifying age groups with low MC uptake.MethodsWe use data from two waves of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Tanzania in 2011–2012 and 2015–2016. MC incidence rate was estimated using a method developed to calculate incidence rates from two successive cross-sectional surveys. Continuous surface maps of MC prevalence were generated for both DHS waves and compared with identified areas with high MC prevalence changes and high density of uncircumcised males.ResultsNational MC prevalence in Tanzania increased from 73.5% in 2011–2012 to 80.0% in 2015–2016. The estimated national MC incidence rate was 4.6 circumcisions per 100 person-years (py). The lowest circumcision rate was observed in males aged 20–24 years, with 0.61 circumcisions per 100 py. An estimated 1 567 253 males aged 15–49 years residing in low-MC prevalence areas were uncircumcised in 2015–2016.ConclusionTanzania has shown substantial progress in the implementation of VMMC. However, extensive spatial variation of MC prevalence still exists in the country, with some areas having an MC prevalence <60%. Here, we identified locations where VMMC needs to be intensified to reach the ~1.5 million uncircumcised males age 15–49 living in these low-MC areas, particularly for men aged 20–34.
2
Iliyasu, Zubairu, Isa S. Abubakar, Ibrahim H. Sani, Abubakar M. Jibo, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Hamisu M. Salihu, and Muktar H. Aliyu. "Male Circumcision and HIV Risk Behavior Among University Students in Northern Nigeria." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 2 (August 14, 2012): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312456698.
Full textAbstract:
Recent trials demonstrate the effectiveness of male circumcision (MC) in reducing HIV acquisition in men. However, little is known about the prevalence and acceptability of the practice in northern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was employed to explore knowledge and attitudes to MC among university students in Kano, Nigeria ( n = 375). Almost all respondents (98.1%) reported being circumcised ( n = 368; 95% confidence interval = 96.2% to 99.2%). There was no variation in circumcision status by age, ethnicity, religion, or marital status. Majority of the respondents were circumcised by a health worker (51.2%). Most circumcisions were performed between the ages of 5 and 10 years (57.9%) and for religious reasons (79.2%). Only 38% of the respondents ( n = 104) were aware of the role of MC in reducing HIV acquisition in heterosexual males. Three quarters of the respondents agreed that circumcised men still need to use condoms. The practice of MC is nearly universal in northern Nigeria, despite low awareness of its protective role in HIV transmission. Public health programs should seize the opportunity offered by high MC acceptance rates to integrate safe medical MC services into existing HIV/AIDS prevention initiatives.
3
George, Clemon, Robin Roberts, Lynette Deveaux, Delon F. P. Brennen, and Stanley E. Read. "“Getting to Zero New HIV Infections in the Caribbean”: Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Male Circumcision Among Adolescent Males in The Bahamas." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 4 (July 2019): 155798831987207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319872074.
Full textAbstract:
Male circumcision (MC) plays a significant role in reducing new HIV infections, particularly in high prevalence countries. This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of MC and attitudes toward MC among youth aged 15–18 years in The Bahamas, a medium HIV prevalence country. The survey included 797 young men who completed a questionnaire on MC. Data analyses included chi-squared tests. The self-reported prevalence of MC among youth was 16.7% (121/759). Most of the circumcised youth were circumcised as infants, 84% (107/121) were pleased with their circumcision, and 71% would recommend it to others. For uncircumcised youth, 35% (189/533) would consider voluntary male circumcision (VMC) and 26% would recommend MC to others. In all scenarios, circumcised youth were more likely to be positive about MC. Among uncircumcised young men, being older (17–18 years compared to 15–16 years) was the only variable statistically associated with considering MC or recommending MC. After being presented with information on the benefits of MC for HIV prevention, the number of men who were positive about MC increased. Most of the young men in this cohort would consider VMC for reducing HIV incidence. Also, many stated that, if they had a male child, they would have him circumcised. The attitudes of these youth emphasize the need to provide information on HIV in addition to general health benefits of MC if there were to be a sustainable MC program within this population.
4
Odoyo-June, Elijah, Stephanie Davis, Nandi Owuor, Catey Laube, Jonesmus Wambua, Paul Musingila, Peter W. Young, et al. "Prevalence of male circumcision in four culturally non-circumcising counties in western Kenya after 10 years of program implementation from 2008 to 2019." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0254140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254140.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Kenya started implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention in 2008 and adopted the use of decision makers program planning tool version 2 (DMPPT2) in 2016, to model the impact of circumcisions performed annually on the population prevalence of male circumcision (MC) in the subsequent years. Results of initial DMPPT2 modeling included implausible MC prevalence estimates, of up to 100%, for age bands whose sustained high uptake of VMMC pointed to unmet needs. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among adolescents and men aged 10–29 years to determine the population level MC prevalence, guide target setting for achieving the goal of 80% MC prevalence and for validating DMPPT2 modelled estimates. Methods Beginning July to September 2019, a total of 3,569 adolescents and men aged 10–29 years from households in Siaya, Kisumu, Homa Bay and Migori Counties were interviewed and examined to establish the proportion already circumcised medically or non-medically. We measured agreement between self-reported and physically verified circumcision status and computed circumcision prevalence by age band and County. All statistical were test done at 5% level of significance. Results The observed MC prevalence for 15-29-year-old men was above 75% in all four counties; Homa Bay 75.6% (95% CI [69.0–81.2]), Kisumu 77.9% (95% CI [73.1–82.1]), Siaya 80.3% (95% CI [73.7–85.5]), and Migori 85.3% (95% CI [75.3–91.7]) but were 0.9–12.4% lower than DMPPT2-modelled estimates. For young adolescents 10–14 years, the observed prevalence ranged from 55.3% (95% CI [40.2–69.5]) in Migori to 74.9% (95% CI [68.8–80.2]) in Siaya and were 25.1–32.9% lower than DMMPT 2 estimates. Nearly all respondents (95.5%) consented to physical verification of their circumcision status with an agreement rate of 99.2% between self-reported and physically verified MC status (kappa agreement p-value<0.0001). Conclusion This survey revealed overestimation of MC prevalence from DMPPT2-model compared to the observed population MC prevalence and provided new reference data for setting realistic program targets and re-calibrating inputs into DMPPT2. Periodic population-based MC prevalence surveys, especially for established programs, can help reconcile inconsistencies between VMMC program uptake data and modeled MC prevalence estimates which are based on the number of procedures reported in the program annually.
5
Garasic, Mirko Daniel. "Male Circumcision in India: Some Considerations from the West." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i1.14263.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, I will analyse why Indian authorities find it so difficult to publicly acknowledge the medical benefits of Male Circumcision (MC). In doing so, the medical evidence in favour of the practice, as well as the moral duties that governing authorities have towards their citizens shall be taken to the fore. In addition to this argument, a brief explanation of the cultural dimension that refuses to evaluate the medical dimension of MC a priori shall be taken into account and, in relation to that, a parallel with the past and present Western tradition will be drawn, putting forward the conclusion that both contexts do not provide satisfactory justification for banning MC nor more relevantly for the Indian scenario can any cultural background represent a convincing argument against the public acknowledgement of the medical advantages provided by MC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i1.14263 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2013; 4(1):2-8
6
Rossi, Serena, Giuseppe Buonocore, and Carlo Valerio Bellieni. "Management of pain in newborn circumcision: a systematic review." European Journal of Pediatrics 180, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03758-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMale circumcision (MC) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on neonates. In the last decades, there have been consistent advances in the understanding of pain mechanisms in newborns, and analgesia has become a fundamental part of neonatal care. MC is still often performed with inappropriate analgesic methods, and there is still great variability among the various centers about surgical and anesthethic techniques to do it. The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings in the literature about pain management and analgesia during newborn MC. We performed a systematic review of neonatal MC studies published in the last 20 years. The most effective technique appeared to be the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of analgesia.Conclusion: Combining local anesthesia with non-pharmacological analgesic strategies appears to be effective preventing procedural pain during MC. However, a standardized protocol for analgesia during MC is yet to be determined. Sensorial saturation appeared to help when used in conjunction with the local anesthesia techniques. What is Known:• Male circumcision is a painful procedure and it is frequently performed with inappropriate analgesic methods.• A gold standard practice in analgesia during male circumcision is still lacking and there is a great variability in the modus operandi between centers. What is New:• The combination of RB + EMLA + sucrose appears to be an analgesic strategy superior to other approaches.• We advocate for the integration of sensorial saturation during male circumcision in order to improve the efficacy of current analgesic practices.
7
Jayathunge, Parana H. M., William J. H. McBride, David MacLaren, John Kaldor, Andrew Vallely, and Stuart Turville. "Male Circumcision and HIV Transmission; What Do We Know?" Open AIDS Journal 8, no. 1 (September 30, 2014): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601408010031.
Full textAbstract:
Male circumcision (MC) has been shown to be protective against heterosexual HIV transmission and is being explored in some parts of the world as a means of combating the epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that MC be considered as an important component of HIV prevention in high prevalence settings. We review evidence that demonstrates that the inner foreskin is likely to be the main portal of entry for the HIV virus in males. Whether removal of the inner foreskin accounts for all the protection afforded by circumcision is yet to be established. The proposed mechanisms of protection range from inherent immunohistological factors of foreskin such as difference in thickness of keratin layer and density of target cells for HIV between inner and outer foreskin to physiological mechanisms that follow male circumcision such as drying of secretions underneath foreskin after sexual intercourse, loss of microbiome that attract target cells to the genital mucosa and lack of priming the genital mucosa with less abundant sexual transmitted infections among circumcised men. The aim of this review is to give an updated account on the mechanisms proposed so far on the demonstrated 50-70% protection from HIV transmission through heterosexual intercourse, by male circumcision.
8
Ngodji, Terthu K., Jessica Rebert, Ehimario U. Igumbor, and Vistolina Nuuyoma. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of male circumcision for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention among voluntary counselling and testing clients in a centre in northern Namibia." International Journal of Healthcare 3, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v3n1p42.
Full textAbstract:
Background: There is compelling evidence that male circumcision (MC) is associated with reduced risk of contracting HIV. For this reason, MC is recommended for countries like Namibia where HIV prevalence is high and MC rates are low. Following this recommendation, a national MC campaign was considered to introduce MC as an additional HIV prevention strategy with the intention of rolling it out in communities where MC is not traditionally practised and where heterosexually transmitted HIV infection rates are high. Little is known about the acceptability of MC in traditionally non-circumcising communities in Northern Namibia.Objective: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of MC among men presenting for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) in a traditionally non-circumcising ethnic group in the northern Namibia.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 331 Oshiwambo-speaking males aged 18 years and older, presenting for VCT services. Data was analysed using Epi-Info 2008, Version 3.5.1.Results: The self-reported prevalence of MC in the study sample was 15.4%, with 38% of those reporting being circumcised during their childhood (1-13 years) and 44% being circumcised for health-related reasons. Most respondents (n = 241, 74.4%) had heard that MC reduces the men’s risk of HIV infection. Up to 53.1% of the respondents had good knowledge regarding MC; moreover, the majority of the respondents (n = 194, 66.6%) reported that it is easier for uncircumcised men to acquire HIV infection. It was found that men aged 25 to 34 years were more willing to be circumcised than the other age groups.Conclusions: A high level of knowledge of MC was revealed. Accordingly, the idea of MC is likely to be accepted, especially if it is implemented to reduce the risk of HIV infection.
9
Rivin, Beth E., Douglas S. Diekema, Anna C. Mastroianni, John N. Krieger, Jeffrey D. Klausner, and Brian J. Morris. "Critical Evaluation of Adler’s Challenge to the cdc’s Male Circumcision Recommendations." International Journal of Children’s Rights 24, no. 2 (July 23, 2016): 265–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02402004.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluate Peter Adler’s challenge to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc) draft recommendations on male circumcision (this issue, see pp. 237–262). Thecdcadvocates elective male circumcision (mc) to improve public health in theusabased on strong scientific evidence. In marked contrast to thecdc, Adler’s criticisms depend on speculative claims and obfuscation of the scientific data. Adler’s central argument that circumcision in infancy should be delayed to allow a boy to make up his own mind as an adult fails to appreciate that circumcision later in life is a more complex operation, entails higher risk, is more likely to involve general anaesthesia and presents financial, psychological and organisational barriers. These limitations are avoided by circumcision early in infancy, when it is convenient, safe, quick, low risk, usually involves local anaesthesia and provides benefits immediately. Benefits of male circumcision include: protection against: urinary tract infections that are ten times higher in uncircumcised infants; inflammatory skin conditions; other foreskin problems; sexually transmitted infections and genital cancers in the male and his female sexual partners. Circumcision during infancy is also associated with faster healing and improved cosmetic outcomes. Circumcision does not impair sexual function or pleasure. Some authorities regard the failure to offer circumcision as unethical, just as it would be unethical to fail to encourage paediatric vaccination. Since the benefits vastly outweigh the risks, each intervention is in the best interests of the child. In conclusion, Adler’s criticisms of thecdc’s evidence-based male circumcision policy are flawed scientifically, ethically and legally, and should be dismissed as endangering public health and individual well-being.
10
Nxumalo, Celenkosini Thembelenkosini, and Gugu Gladness Mchunu. "The Role of Female Partners in the uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 7 (May 30, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n7p9.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is a proven biological strategy for reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS by up to 60%. Following recommendations from the World Health Organisation (WHO), Medical Circumcision (MC) was rolled out in South Africa. Several issues, among them being individual perceptual factors and female partner influence, have constituted as both obstacles and drivers to the uptake of VMMC.
AIM: To explore and synthesize research conducted on the role of female partners in the uptake of VMMC.
METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE and CIHNAL, studies included in the review are those that explored the importance of female partner involvement in the uptake of VMMC. The review was limited to sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on peer reviewed articles written in English only.
RESULTS: The review has revealed that considering the gender dimensions of circumcision, the possible utilisation of women as vehicles to drive the uptake of MC could be key to achieving the desired uptake.
CONCLUSION: It is postulated that women play a key role in terms of promoting circumcision in order to facilitate a successful scale up of the service. Further research is therefore necessary so that the benefits of female partner involvement in VMMC may be achieved.
11
Zeng, Yali, Linglin Zhang, Tian Li, Wenhong Lai, Yujiang Jia, Muktar H. Aliyu, Mai Do, et al. "Risk Factors for HIV/Syphilis Infection and Male Circumcision Practices and Preferences among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/498987.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To investigate factors associated with HIV infection and the frequency and willingness of male circumcision among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu city, China.Methods. A cross-sectional survey provided information on participants' demographics, risk behaviors, circumcision, and uptake of HIV prevention services.Results. Of 570 participants, 13.3% were infected with HIV and 15.9% with syphilis. An estimated 43.0% of respondents reported having unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and 58.9% reported having ≥2 male sexual partners in the past 6 months. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that syphilis, more male sex partners, predominantly receptive anal intercourse, and exclusively receptive male sex were associated with HIV infection. Higher level of education and peer education service were inversely associated with HIV infection. Nearly a fifth (18.0%) of participants were circumcised. More than half of uncircumcised participants expressed willingness to be circumcised.Conclusion. This study reveals a high prevalence of HIV and syphilis among MSM in Chengdu province of China. The frequency of unprotected receptive anal intercourse and multiple male sexual partnerships highlight the urgency for an effective comprehensive HIV prevention strategy. Although the willingness to accept male circumcision (MC) is high, further research is needed to assess the protective effective of MC among MSM.
12
Peltzer, Karl, Ayanda Nqeketo, George Petros, and Xola Kanta. "ATTITUDES OF PREINITIATES TOWARDS TRADITIONAL MALE CIRCUMCISION IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 8 (January 1, 2008): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.8.1023.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to assess attitudes of preinitiates towards traditional Male Circumcision (MC) in the context of HIV. The sample included 350 Xhosa preinitiates recruited from 3 different recruitment sites during the preparation prior to MC in the Eastern Cape province. Results indicated that: 10% were to be circumcised before their sexual debut and reported a great deal of sexual risk behavior; 9% had been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months; 20% reported that they had had 3 or more sex partners in their lives; and 47% had not used a condom the last time they had sex. Reasons and attitudes, including barriers, towards MC as well as risky sexual behavior found in this study need to be considered in MC programming.
13
Mosha, Frank Felix, Mwita Wambura, Joseph R. Mwanga, Jacklin F. Mosha, Gerry Mshana, and John Changalucha. "Readiness of health facilities to deliver safe male circumcision services in Tanzania: a descriptive study." Healthcare in Low-resource Settings 1, no. 1 (March 8, 2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hls.2013.e9.
Full textAbstract:
Assessing the readiness of health facilities to deliver safe male circumcision services is more important in sub-Saharan Africa because of the inadequacy state of health facilities in many ways. The World Health Organization recommends that only facilities equipped with available trained staff, capable to perform at least minor surgery, able to offer minimum MC package and appropriate equipment for resuscitation, and compliant with requirements for sterilization and infection control should be allowed to deliver safe circumcision services. A cross-sectional study using quantitative data collection technique was conducted to assess the readiness of the health facilities to deliver safe circumcision services in selected districts of Tanzania. All hospitals, health centres and 30% of all dispensaries in these districts were selected to participate in the study. Face-toface questionnaires were administered to the heads of the health facilities and to health practitioners. Overall, 49/69 (59%) of the facilities visited provided circumcision services and only 46/203 (24%) of the health practitioners performed circumcision procedures. These were mainly assistant medical officers and clinical officers. The vast majority – 190/203 (95%) – of the health practitioners require additional training prior to providing circumcision services. Most facilities – 63/69 (91%) – had all basic supplies (gloves, basin, chlorine and waste disposal) necessary for infection prevention, 44/69 (65%) provided condoms, HIV counselling and testing, and sexuallytransmitted infections services, while 62/69 (90%) had the capability to perform at least minor surgery. However, only 25/69 (36%) and 15/69 (22%) of the facilities had functioning sterilization equipment and appropriate resuscitation equipment, respectively. There is readiness for roll out of circumcision services; however, more practitioners need to be trained on circumcision procedures, demand forecasting. Sterilization equipment for infection prevention and resuscitation equipment should also be made available.
14
Sharma, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar, Joseph Hokello, and Mudit Tyagi. "Circumcision as an Intervening Strategy against HIV Acquisition in the Male Genital Tract." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070806.
Full textAbstract:
Unsafe sex with HIV-infected individuals remains a major route for HIV transmission, and protective strategies, such as the distribution of free condoms and pre-or post-prophylaxis medication, have failed to control the spread of HIV, particularly in resource-limited settings and high HIV prevalence areas. An additional key strategy for HIV prevention is voluntary male circumcision (MC). International health organizations (e.g., the World Health Organization, UNAIDS) have recommended this strategy on a larger scale, however, there is a general lack of public understanding about how MC effectively protects against HIV infection. This review aims to discuss the acquisition of HIV through the male genital tract and explain how and why circumcised men are more protected from HIV infection during sexual activity than uncircumcised men who are at higher risk of HIV acquisition.
15
Bridges, John F. P., Sarah C. Searle, Frederic W. Selck, and Neil A. Martinson. "Engaging Families in the Choice of Social Marketing Strategies for Male Circumcision Services in Johannesburg, South Africa." Social Marketing Quarterly 16, no. 3 (August 26, 2010): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2010.500443.
Full textAbstract:
Male circumcision (MC) prevents HIV acquisition in males, leading to calls for extensive implementation in sub-Saharan Africa. The widespread adoption of male circumcision will require social marketing targeted at various families and family members. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the utility of conjoint analysis in the choice of social marketing strategies tailored to different populations to promote male circumcision in Johannesburg, South Africa. Seven social marketing strategies for MC were identified through open-ended interviews ( n = 25). Preferences were assessed using conjoint analysis, implemented in a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households. An oversampling strategy ensured balance between Blacks (34%), Coloreds (mixed-race; 32%), and Whites (34%). Respondents randomly received a block of 4 conjoint analysis tasks comparing 2 mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets of the 7 strategies. Preferences were then evaluated using logistic regression stratified by ethnicity and family member. Whereas all strategies were attractive, television marketing, endorsement by church/school leaders, and a countrywide program were most preferred ( p < .0001). Stratified analyses identified heterogeneity, e.g., only Coloreds valued radio ( p < .0001) and a lasting presence in the community ( p < .0001). Within families, mothers and sons were most concordant for Blacks ( p < .05) and Coloreds ( p < .01), but fathers were most concordant with sons among Whites ( p <.05). Conjoint analysis provides valuable insight into preferences and can be used in the development of social marketing, especially when aimed at promoting behavioral change.
16
Mukape, Mukape, Elliot Bufuku Kafumukache, and Kaile Trevor. "CCR5 HIV-1 receptor predominance in adult male prepuce; the major entry route for HIV-1 in indigenous black males in zambia?" Anatomy Journal of Africa 7, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 1182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v7i2.174138.
Full textAbstract:
HIV-1 entry requires not only CD4 molecule but also CCR5 (CD 195) and CXCR4 (CD 184) coreceptors. A number of randomised controlled trials in Africa have reported that male circumcision (MC) reduces the risk of HIV-1 acquisition by up to 60%. Other studies have reported that sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of infection by HIV via an inflammatory recruitment of more HIV target cells to the foreskin. Our aim was to compare the density of HIV-1 co-receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) in naïve penile prepuce of neonates and penile prepuce of adults with and without history of ulcerative STIs at Male Circumcision Centres in Lusaka, Zambia. Twenty (20) fresh foreskin samples were included: five (5) from neonates, ten (10) from adult males without history of ulcerative STIs and five (5) from adult males with a history of ulcerative STIs. Immediately following MC, fresh foreskin specimens were fixed using 10% normal buffered formalin and transported to University Teaching Hospital (UTH) where tissues were processed and stained with anti-CD 195 and anti-CD 184 antibodies. Neonatal penile foreskin co-receptor mean density for CCR5 and CXCR4 was 13±5.148/mm2 and 7±1.581/mm2 respectively. CCR5 mean density of adults without past history of ulcerative STIs was 42.1±11.874/mm2 while those with history of ulcerative STIs was 78.6±13.520/mm2. Densities of CCR5 were all statistically significant with both having Pvalue of 0.000. CXCR4 mean density was 18.6±4.812/mm2 in adults without past history ofulcerative STIs and 23.4±4.393/mm2 in those with history of ulcerative STIs giving an insignificant P-value of 0.084. It could be concluded that CCR5 co-receptors provide major entry route for HIV-1 in male adults and that CCR5 seemed to be mobilized more than CXCR4 to the prepuce during inflammation. This supports evidence that MC reduces CCR5 co-receptors for acquisition and transmission of R5 strains of HIV-1.Key words: HIV, CCR5, CD 195, CD 184.
17
Colón-Cabrera, David. "Circumcision and Reproductive Health Services in a Non-Profit Clinic." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 4 (September 1, 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.4.x3110u6731417835.
Full textAbstract:
Male circumcision (MC) has recently become a topic of contention in the United States. Research published in the last five to eight years, conducted in various African countries, has highlighted the prophylactic effects of the procedure against HIV transmission and has influenced the recommendation strategies of the World Health Organization and most recently of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP 2012). Despite this, since the 1970s, 18 states in the United States have defunded the procedure from Medicaid, Colorado being the most recent. In addition, in the spring of 2011, San Francisco citizens sought to ban the procedure, arguing that newborn males' body integrity should be protected—an effort that was subsequently thwarted by the state legislature when it passed a law that prohibited such bans on circumcision.
18
Davis, Stephanie, Carlos Toledo, Lara Lewis, Brendan Maughan-Brown, Kassahun Ayalew, and Ayesha B. M. Kharsany. "Does voluntary medical male circumcision protect against sexually transmitted infections among men and women in real-world scale-up settings? Findings of a household survey in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 3 (May 2019): e001389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001389.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionMale circumcision (MC) confers partial protection to men against HIV and, in research settings, some sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is also associated with protection from some STIs among female partners. However, real-world data on changes in STI transmission associated with large-scale public African medical male circumcision (MMC) conducted for HIV prevention are lacking and would improve estimates of the health impact of MMC.MethodsThe HIV Incidence Provincial Surveillance System is a community-based surveillance platform for HIV prevalence, incidence and intervention coverage trends in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. HIPPS collected cross-sectional self-reported data on circumcision status (from men), partner circumcision status for past three partners (from women) and demographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors; and tested participants for HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), syphilis, hepatitis B, Neisseriagonorrhoeae, Chlamydiatrachomatis, Trichomonasvaginalis and Mycoplasmagenitalium. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed on associations between own (men) or partner’s (women) circumcision status and each STI. Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, demographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors, and incorporated false discovery rate (FDR) correction.ResultsAmong men, MMC had a protective association with HSV-2 (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86), hepatitis B (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.95), HIV (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.65) and M.genitalium (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.88). Among women, partner circumcision had a protective association with HSV-2 (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95) and HIV (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.90). Associations with HIV and HSV-2 remained significant for men and all women after FDR correction.ConclusionThese real-world data, supporting protective associations between MMC conducted for HIV prevention and STIs in men and women, can help clarify the full impact of MMC and support a role in broader sexual health programming.
19
Tarnaud, Chloé, Pascale Lissouba, Ewalde Cutler, Adrian Puren, Dirk Taljaard, and Bertran Auvert. "Association of Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection with Male Circumcision in Young Men: Results from a Longitudinal Study Conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa)." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/567408.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus (LR-HPV) genotypes 6 and 11 cause genital warts. This study investigated the association of LR-HPV infection with male circumcision (MC).Methods. We used data from the South African MC trial conducted among young men. Urethral swabs, collected among intervention (circumcised) and control (uncircumcised) groups, were analyzed using HPV linear array. Adjusted LR-HPV prevalence rate ratio (aPPR) and Poisson mean ratio (aPMR) of number of LR-HPV genotypes were estimated using log-Poisson regression, controlling for background characteristics, sexual behaviour, and HIV and HSV-2 statuses.Results. Compared to controls, LR-HPV prevalence and mean number of genotypes were significantly lower among the intervention group ((8.5% versus 15.8%; aPRR: 0.54,P<.001) and (0.33 versus 0.18; aPMR: 0.54,P<.001), resp.). Mean number of LR-HPV genotypes increased with number of lifetime sexual partners and decreased with education level and consistent condom use.Conclusions. This study shows a reduction in LR-HPV infection among circumcised men.
20
Kigozi, Godfrey, Richard Musoke, Nehemiah Kighoma, Stephen Watya, David Serwadda, Fred Nalugoda, Noah Kiwanuka, et al. "Effects of Medical Male Circumcision (MC) on Plasma HIV Viral Load in HIV+ HAART Naïve Men; Rakai, Uganda." PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (November 21, 2014): e110382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110382.
Full text
21
Obure, Alfredo, Erick Nyambedha, Boniface Oindo, and Hezborn Kodero. "Psychosocial Factors Influencing Promotion of Male circumcision for HIV Prevention in a Non-circumcising Community in Rural Western Kenya." Qualitative Report, December 12, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2009.1373.
Full textAbstract:
Male circumcision (MC) is now recommended as an additional HIV preventive measure, yet little is known about factors that may influence its adoption, especially in non-circumcising communities with generalized HIV pandemic. This qualitative study explored factors influencing MC adoption in rural western Kenya. Twenty-four sex specific focus group discussions were conducted with a purposive sample of Luo men and women (15-34 years). Perceived barriers to circumcision were pain and healing complications, actual and opportunity costs, behavioral disinhibition, discrimination, cultural identity, and reduced sexual satisfaction; perceived facilitators were hygiene, HIV/STI risk reduction, ease in condom use, cultural integration, and sexual satisfaction. To enhance MC adoption, community education, and dialogue is needed to address the perceived fears.
22
Maibvise, Charles, and Thandisizwe R. Mavundla. "“Promote the Uptake of Male Circumcision" for HIV Prevention: A Concept Analysis." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 19, no. 2 (January 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/2873.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past decade, efforts have been made to promote the uptake of male circumcision (MC) in 14 selected high HIV epidemic countries, following reports that MC reduces the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission by about 60 per cent. Despite these efforts, the uptake of MC remains low, partly due to poor and/or subjective understanding of the concept “promote the uptake of MC” in the context of HIV prevention. This study aimed at clarifying the conceptual meaning of “promote the uptake of MC” for HIV prevention in high HIV and low MC prevalent settings. Walker and Avant’s eight-step method of concept analysis was used. An integrative review of literature was conducted. An open online search was conducted using Google and Google Scholar, targeting all relevant literature, grey and scientific. Specific databases were also explored, which included PubMed, Science Direct, SCORPUS, and CINAHL. Accessible relevant hard copy literature was also considered. Data were analysed qualitatively and thematically. Findings show that the concept “promote the uptake of MC” has connotations that extend to several contexts, which include culture and religion, biomedical sciences, education, construction, as well as health and medicine. Conceptually, in HIV prevention, it is a process that involves healthcare providers, uncircumcised men and their social environment. The integral components of the process are educative interactions, the provision of MC services and social support. It is recommended that healthcare providers carefully consider this conceptual understanding in their efforts to promote the uptake of MC for HIV prevention.
23
C, Maibvise, Mavundla TR, and Nsibandze BS. "Psychosocial Motives for Undergoing Male Circumcision (MC) in High HIV Epidemic Areas and the Probable Impact on the Mass MC Strategy of HIV Prevention: A Case Study of Swaziland." Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research 08, no. 04 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000685.
Full text