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1
Peretti, Peter O., and Beverly Lowrey. "Intimacy in the Confidant Role in Closest Friendships of Nonconfined Aged Males." Psychology and Human Development: an international journal 1, no. 2 (1986): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6316.
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It has been suggested that elderly individuals need intimate social contact to enhance their well-being. Closest friendships can be the greatest source of social contact within the confidant role of the friendship unit. In this study, we aimed to determine self-perceived intimacy criteria in the confidant role in closest friendships of nonconfined aged males. For this purpose, we examined the most frequently perceived intimacy criteria with reference to the males' particular structural friendship units. Results showed that the most frequently self-perceived criteria were communication, personal concern, belongingness, commitment, and self-worth.
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Mumford, Elizabeth A., Bruce G. Taylor, and Peggy C. Giordano. "Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Relationship Abuse: The Role of Conditional Tolerance for Violence and Friendship Factors." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 5-6 (2017): 1206–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517693002.
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Research has pointed to the salience of friendships in predicting abuse in adolescent dating relationships. The current study investigates the perpetration of physical and sexual dating abuse as predicted by individual conditional tolerance for dating abuse within the context of friendship behaviors and group characteristics. Using two waves of the National Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV; N = 511 daters aged 12-18 years), we investigated the effects of baseline individual tolerance for hitting dating partners and friendship factors on perpetration of physical and sexual adolescent dating abuse (ADA) approximately 1 year later. Conditional tolerance for hitting boyfriends was associated with ADA perpetration in the absence of friendship characteristics. Daters who reported recent discussion of a problem with friends and female daters who named all-girl friendship groups were more likely to report ADA perpetration. Close friendships are an avenue for preventing ADA perpetration. Furthermore, ADA perpetration may be reduced by targeting conditional tolerance for violence particularly against male partners within female friendship groups.
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Heverly-Fitt, Sara, Maureen A. Wimsatt, Melissa M. Menzer, et al. "Friendship Quality and Psychosocial Outcomes among Children with Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 7 (2014): 684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617714000393.
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AbstractThis study examined differences in friendship quality between children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and orthopedic injury (OI) and behavioral outcomes for children from both groups. Participants were 41 children with TBI and 43 children with OI (Mage=10.4). Data were collected using peer- and teacher-reported measures of participants’ social adjustment and parent-reported measures of children’s post-injury behaviors. Participants and their mutually nominated best friends also completed a measure of the quality of their friendships. Children with TBI reported significantly more support and satisfaction in their friendships than children with OI. Children with TBI and their mutual best friend were more similar in their reports of friendship quality compared to children with OI and their mutual best friends. Additionally, for children with TBI who were rejected by peers, friendship support buffered against maladaptive psychosocial outcomes, and predicted skills related to social competence. Friendship satisfaction was related to higher teacher ratings of social skills for the TBI group only. Positive and supportive friendships play an important role for children with TBI, especially for those not accepted by peers. Such friendships may protect children with TBI who are rejected against maladaptive psychosocial outcomes, and promote skills related to social competence. (JINS, 2014,21, 1–10)
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Ellis-Sloan, Kyla, and Amy Tamplin. "Teenage Mothers and Social Isolation: The Role of Friendship as Protection against Relational Exclusion." Social Policy and Society 18, no. 2 (2018): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746418000106.
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This article explores links made between teenage mothers and isolation: in particular, the notion of ‘relational exclusion’ (Kidger, 2004). Political conceptualisations of social exclusion often ignore this aspect and instead focus on the economic dynamics of exclusion. As a consequence, policies aimed at addressing the exclusion of teenage parents often focus on education and employment as solutions. This article argues that friendships are overlooked as a source of potential support. It therefore builds on work that has observed teenage mothers’ isolation and loneliness to examine how a teenage pregnancy affects a young woman's friendship networks. It then goes on to expand understanding of how new friendships are formed and the types of support they provide. The article concludes by proposing that social policy has a role in facilitating friendship support through investment, integrating group support with one-to-one methods and tackling stigma.
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Sharabany, Ruth, Yohanan Eshel, and Caesar Hakim. "Boyfriend, girlfriend in a traditional society: Parenting styles and development of intimate friendships among Arabs in school." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 1 (2008): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407084053.
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The development of intimate same- and other-sex friendships in Arab children and adolescents in Israel was investigated in relation to their perceived parenting styles. It was hypothesized that girls would show higher levels of intimacy than boys, and that cross-sex intimacy in both groups would increase with age, whereas same-sex intimate friendship maintains rather stable over the school years. We hypothesized further that intimate friendship would be contingent more readily on perceived parental authoritative style rather than on either permissive or authoritarian styles. Participants were 723 Arab students drawn from four schools, and from the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th grades. The Parental Authority Questionnaire and Intimate Friendship Scale were employed as measures. Findings indicated that girls were more intimate with their female friends than boys were with their male friends, especially in the higher grades, replicating previous studies. However, boys tended to score higher than girls on intimacy with the other gender. Girls equaled their level of intimacy only at the 11th grade. These findings suggest that traditional societies may foster specific characteristics of intimate friendship. A novel finding is the central role of the authoritative parenting style in determining intimate friendships. Results are discussed in terms of universal aspects of friendship and of their expression in the investigated cultural setting.
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Lim, Emily, Changmin Peng, and Jeffrey Burr. "Volunteering and Friendship in Later Life: Does Gender Moderate the Relationship?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1341.
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Abstract Friendship, which is an essential part of social life and beneficial to individuals’ well-being, plays a crucial role in maintaining social connectedness in late life. Volunteering is an avenue for older adults to stay socially engaged, and also provides older adults the opportunity to meet and make new friends. A limited literature suggests that volunteering may be associated with friendship, but many studies are limited by reliance on small, non-probability samples and overly simplistic analytic approaches. The literature is also unclear with respect to how volunteering behaviors relate to specific characteristics of friendships and whether there are gender differences underlying these relationships. Using the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N=5,306), this study investigates the association between volunteering characteristics (i.e., volunteer status and hours) and friendship characteristics (i.e., the number of close friends, friendship quality, and contact frequency) among community-dwelling older adults. We also examine whether gender moderated these relationships. Results from linear regression analyses indicate that volunteer status and the number of volunteer hours were positively associated with each dimension of friendship. Also, the positive association between volunteering at 1–99 hours, 100–199 hours, and 200 hours or more and number of close friends, friendship quality, and contact frequency were stronger for older women than for older men. Findings demonstrated that volunteering is integral in shaping late-life friendships. The differential benefits of volunteering between older men and women also suggest that volunteering might be more critical for older women’s friendships.
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Langlands, Rebecca. "Latin Literature." Greece and Rome 60, no. 2 (2013): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383513000132.
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Among this latest batch of books to review are a number whose endeavour, very much to my own taste, is intellectual and cultural history through the study of Latin literature. Cream of the crop is Craig Williams’ study of Roman friendship. Admirers of Williams’ excellent Roman Homosexuality, recently reissued in second edition, will recognize the approach; this is a theoretically informed and meticulously argued work of cultural history that also shows fine appreciation of philological, linguistic, and literary issues. In Chapter 1 (Men and Women), Williams has a simple and compelling point to make: basing their idealization of friendship on our male-authored ancient literary texts (Cicero's De amicitia, Seneca's Letters), the great thinkers of Western civilization have asserted that ideal friendship is a man's game, and even that women are by and large incapable of real friendship, at the very least being excluded from the most interesting parts of friendship's history. As Williams shows, the epigraphic evidence tells a different story; here we can gain a new appreciation of friendships between women, and indeed between men and women. In its divergence from the well-trodden literary tradition, the epigraphic material opens up new ways of understanding the ancient world, but it can also be used to bring a fresh perspective to familiar literary texts, especially when one is as open-minded and attentive to linguistic nuance as Williams. Chapter 2 explores some of the key conceptual issues and themes related to the (vexed) distinction between amor and amicitia, and then in Chapter 3 Williams turns to the close reading of particular Latin texts, bringing his new interpretative framework to Catullus, Horace, Virgil, and Propertius, Petronius’ Satyricon, and the letters of Cicero and of Fronto. The fourth and final chapter, ‘Friendship and the Grave’, turns again to the epigraphic evidence, and funerary inscriptions in particular, where friends are shown to play an important role in the commemoration of the dead, usually associated in the Western tradition with close family. Williams’ work showcases Classics as a vitally and productively interdisciplinary academic subject, where significant new readings can be achieved with the right methodologies and approach. He has some big claims to make about Roman society, of which ancient historians will certainly want to take note, but his fresh analysis of familiar literary texts is also highly illuminating and the book has many smaller-scale insights to offer as well.
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Gasser-Haas, Olivia, Fabio Sticca, and Corina Wustmann Seiler. "The longitudinal role of early family risks and early social-emotional problems for friendship quality in preadolescence—A regression model." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0253888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253888.
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The quality of a best friendship provides information about how developmentally beneficial it is. However, little is known about possible early risk factors that influence later friendship quality. The present study examined the role of family risks and social-emotional problems (behavioral problems, peer problems, anxious, and depressive symptoms) in early childhood for positive (i.e., support and help) and negative (i.e., conflicts and betrayal) dimensions of friendship quality with their best friend in preadolescence. 293 children (47.9% female) aged 2–4, their parents and teachers participated in the study with three measurement occasions (T1; Mage = 2.81, T2; Mage = 3.76, T3; Mage = 9.69). The last measurement occasion was at the age of 9–11 years. Results of the longitudinal regression model showed that depressive symptoms in early childhood were associated with a lower positive dimension of friendship quality in preadolescence. In contrast, early anxious symptoms were related to a higher positive dimension of friendship quality six years later. Neither family risks, nor behavioral problems and peer problems in early childhood were linked to the positive dimension of friendship quality in preadolescence. No early predictors were found for the negative dimension of friendship quality. Possible reasons for the lack of associations are discussed. Findings suggest that children with early depressive symptoms at 3–5 years of age should be the targets of potential interventions to form high quality friendships in preadolescence. Possible interventions are mentioned.
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Garcia, Agnaldo, Tayssa Grassi Rodrigues, Lorena Schettino Lucas, and Daniela Marisol Pérez-Angarita. "Friendship and internal migration in Brazil: Vulnerability and coping." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 11, Supp1 (2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v11isupp1.232.
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Friendship has been investigated in the context of international migration, but little is known about the subject in relation to internal migration, a phenomenon of great social importance in Brazil. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss data obtained in an investigation on the relations between internal migration and friendship as perceived by citizens from the state of Espírito Santo who were living in other states of Brazil, in the North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions. Twenty adults born in the state and who had migrated to another Brazilian state participated in the investigation. The participants have been interviewed about how they perceived the relationship between friendship and migration and the data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Among the results difficulties to maintain friendships with people of the place of origin as well as difficulties in forming new friendships were observed. Friends were considered relevant for adaptation to the new state, affecting the perception of the same. The article also discusses the origin of friends, the perception of cultural differences and difficulties to make friends in another state. It is concluded that friends play a relevant role in the lives of Brazilian internal migrants and further investigations are necessary.
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Eom, Mi-Sun, and Yen-Yoo You. "A Study on the Effect of Workplace Friendship Level on Consultant's Customer Orientation - Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Job Commitment." Research in World Economy 11, no. 2 (2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n2p136.
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Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the relationship between human resources and members on the consultant's customer service orientation as a way to secure a competitive advantage in order to continuously grow and develop a consulting firm.Methods/Statistical analysis: This study surveyed the consultants of consulting firms. The total number of samples used in the study was 180. The survey items consisted of 33 questions and the Likert 5-point scale was used for the measurement. As an empirical analysis, SPSS 22.0 was used for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis.Findings: According to the results of this study, the results were summarized as follows. First, Supervisor's friendship will affect the consultant's Job commitment. Second. Co-worker's friendship will affect the consultant's Job commitment. Third, Subordinate's friendship will affect the consultant's Job commitment. Fourth Supervisor's friendship will affect the consultant's customer orientation. Fifth, Co-worker's friendship will affect the consultant's customer orientation. Sixth, Subordinate's friendship will affect the consultant's customer orientation. In addition, there is no direct influence on customer orientation in the mediation of job commitment between friendship with supervisors, friends with co-workers, friends with subordinates, and consultants' customer orientation. Job involvement between friends, friends with subordinates, and consultants' customer orientation has been found to play a full mediating role as an indirect effect.Improvements/Applications: As a means of securing sustainable competitiveness, the relationship between the level of friendship in the workplace and the customer orientation of consultants was identified. Therefore, by measuring the level of friendships for the bosses, colleagues, and subordinates in various ways, the group that had the most positive influence was identified, and the opportunity to make practical contributions was prepared. However, in the future, it is required to consider the contract type of the members of the organization, the project status of each team, and the compensation system as a control variable.
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Helgeson, Vicki S., Kerry A. Reynolds, Oscar Escobar, Linda Siminerio, and Dorothy Becker. "The Role of Friendship in the Lives of Male and Female Adolescents: Does Diabetes Make a Difference?" Journal of Adolescent Health 40, no. 1 (2007): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.07.007.
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Caldwell, Cam, Verl Anderson, and Marija Runic Ristic. "Employee Engagement and the Ethic of Friendship." Business and Management Research 10, no. 1 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v10n1p54.
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The failure of managers and supervisors to earn the trust and followership of the employees with whom they work is well documented in recent research about employee engagement (Clifton & Harter, 2019). Without that employee commitment, organizations inevitably struggle to compete in the global marketplace and fail to achieve their potential (Cameron, 2012). Although much has been discussed in the light of the findings of concerned scholars (HR Research Institute, 2019), disagreement nonetheless exists about the factors which make up employee engagement, as well as the most effective approach that can be taken to increase engagement and those factors. Though there has not been full agreement about the nature of employee engagement, it is widely accepted that the failure of organizations to engage employees has been a serious deterrent to achieving organization results (Clifton & Harter, 2019).Objective: The purposes of this paper are to offer insights into the precise nature of employee engagement and to identify the value of employers adopting the Ethic of Friendship – an ethical perspective that has begun to be written about more frequently in the management literature.Methods: We begin the paper by proposing an integrated and updated definition of employee engagement – identifying nine factors which contribute to its makeup.Results: We suggest that each of these nine factors significantly impact employee engagement and warrant increased attention by organizational leaders. We then address the Ethic of Friendship and its increasingly important role in today’s arms-length and transactional relationship between employers and employees.Conclusions: The paper then clarifies how the Ethic of Friendship addresses all nine of the factors which constitute employee engagement and explains how the Ethic of Friendship can increase the ability of organization leaders, managers, and supervisors to bridge the gap of distrust that often exists in the modern organization. After identifying five important contributions made by this paper, we conclude by encouraging leaders to adopt the Ethic of Friendship’s commitment to treating employees as valued partners and, by so doing, create a culture in which employee engagement is likely to thrive.
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Kim, Jingu, and Eunha Kim. "Bullied by Siblings and Peers: The Role of Rejecting/Neglecting Parenting and Friendship Quality Among Korean Children." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 11 (2016): 2203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516659659.
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The primary aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect links of rejecting/neglecting parenting, sibling victimization, and friendship quality with peer victimization using a convenience sample of 584 Korean children in Grades 3 to 6. In addition, we tested whether these associations differed between male and female students. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data. The results revealed rejecting/neglecting parenting indirectly influenced peer victimization through sibling victimization for both males and females, although such effects were stronger for females than males. Sibling victimization had a direct effect on peer victimization across both sexes, although it indirectly influenced peer victimization through poor friendship quality only for males. Therefore, bullying prevention and intervention programs must involve parents to make them aware of the important role they play in this process and to improve their parenting styles and involvement in sibling conflicts. Furthermore, while the role of friendship quality needs to be highlighted to prevent peer victimization among males, future research continues to explore other peer variables that are related to decreased peer victimization for females.
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Aisyah, Heriatul, and Ivan Muhammad Agung. "CORRELATION BETWEEN FORGIVENESS AND ADOLESCENCE FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY MODERATED BY GENDER." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 3 (2020): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.3.211-218.
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Friendship intimacy is one of the critical developing aspects of adolescence. Previous research shows that forgiveness has a vital role in the interpersonal relationship. This research aims to find a correlation between forgiveness and adolescent friendship intimacy based on gender. Research’s participant consists of 250 teenagers (125 male and 125 female, M = 16.2, SD = .7, with 15-18 years old age range) in a Pekanbaru school. The sample was collected through convenience sampling. This study used the Friendship Intimacy Scale with α = .82 and Forgiveness Scale, with α = .94. Based on data analysis, a product-moment correlation shows a positive correlation between forgiveness and adolescence friendship intimacy (r = .273, p < .01), which means the higher the level of individual forgiveness is, the higher the friendship intimacy become. The moderator variable analysis shows that gender becomes a relationship moderator variable between forgiveness and adolescence friendship intimacy (p < .01), which means that correlation between forgiveness and friendship intimacy is more substantial on males than females.
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Kostera, Monika, and Marta Szeluga-Romańska. "Among Friends: The Role of Friendship in Alternative Organizations." Zarządzanie Mediami 9, no. 2 (2021): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23540214zm.21.015.13410.
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Friendship, a mutual and profound relationship, permeates history of human culture and occurs in all social situations, including professional and informal human activities. In organizations, it develops through processes of communication and generates a communication culture of kindness and support. Organizational friendship enhances work engagement and satisfaction, as well as helps to promote individual ends. This article investigates the more vital significance of friendship in alternative organizations. Such organizations, operating at the margins of the currently dominant profit-oriented business model, offer a plethora of insights of possible structures and practices. Our ethnographic qualitative research shows the implications of workplace friendship as organizing principle. It helps to make organizations more humane, and redressed the moral imbalance, so prevalent in contemporary organizing and management. This has important implications for any kind of communication, creating social awareness around important themes related to management and organizations. Patterns of friendship are meaningful for organizing and organizations and their most vital significance concerns the area of social communication.
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McDiarmid, Emily, Peter Richard Gill, Angus McLachlan, and Lutfiye Ali. "“That whole macho male persona thing”: The role of insults in young Australian male friendships." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 18, no. 4 (2017): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/men0000065.
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Raymond, Janice. "Female Friendship: Contra Chodorow and Dinnerstein." Hypatia 1, no. 2 (1986): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1986.tb00836.x.
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The author critiques two widely-used works in Women's Studies for their hetero-relational content and the ways in which they minimize the necessity for affinities between women. Dinnerstein and Chodorow give us in theory what movies such as Kramer vs. Kramer depict in the film. It is not co-parenting and the inclusion of the male in an equal parenting role that will remedy present “sexual arrangements,” without first giving attention to women's relations with each other.
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Murrell, Audrey J., and Thomas J. Zagenczyk. "The gendered nature of role model status: an empirical study." Career Development International 11, no. 6 (2006): 560–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13620430610692953.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand better the gendered nature of role model status within organizations. The paper aims to argue that women require organizational legitimacy to be perceived as a role model, whereas men rely primarily on the strength of social ties within their friendship networks.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study of admissions department employees at a large eastern university within the USA was conducted. Using a social network approach, participants were asked to identify advice, friendship and role model relationships and provide information about awards and recognition received from the organization.FindingsThe results showed that, in order to be perceived as a role model, females needed to give (but not ask for) advice, earn organizational rewards, hold leadership positions in the organization, and maintain strong ties with other employees. Males only had to have a number of friendship or advice ties to be seen as a role model.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are consistent with the idea that females need to establish formal organizational status or legitimacy (e.g. leadership roles, rewards) in order to be perceived as a role model. In addition, balancing advice‐giving versus advice‐seeking is more important for female compared with male role models.Originality/valueThis paper examines the concept of role modeling using a social network analysis, thus providing new insight about the impact of advice and friendship network centrality on role model status in organizations.
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Vitiello, Giovanni. "Exemplary Sodomites: Chivalry and Love in Late Ming Culture." NAN NÜ 2, no. 2 (2000): 207–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852600750072259.
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AbstractThis essay explores the ideological allegiances between the chivalric (xia) and the romantic (qing) in late Ming fiction and culture. Focusing on notions of friendship and love between men and their role in the formation of the late Ming romantic ideal, it also discusses the discourse on sodomy articulated in two treatises on male friendship by the Jesuit missionaries Matteo Ricci and Martino Martini, and the hypothesis of a late Ming homoerotic fashion.
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van Zalk, Maarten Herman Walter, Nejra Van Zalk, Margaret Kerr, and Hakan Stattin. "Influences between Online–Exclusive, Conjoint and Offline–Exclusive Friendship Networks: The Moderating Role of Shyness." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 2 (2014): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1895.
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Prior research has indicated that shy adolescents are more motivated to form friendships online than to form friendships offline. Little is known about whether having friendships found exclusively online may impact self–esteem and forming offline friendships for these adolescents. This study therefore aimed to provide insight into the moderating role of shyness in the longitudinal interplay between friendships in online and offline contexts in early adolescence. Adolescents and their friends (193 girls, 196 boys; Mage = 13.29) were followed with three consecutive measurements with intervals of eight months. Results showed that particularly for shy adolescents, having friends exclusively online predicted increases in self–esteem. Self–esteem, in turn, was found to predict forming more friendships found both offline and online and forming more friendships found exclusively offline. Thus, findings supported the social compensation perspective that shy adolescents may benefit from having friends exclusively online, as these friendships may increase self–esteem, thereby facilitating the formation of friendships found partially and completely offline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Larsen, Helle, Susan J. T. Branje, Inge van der Valk, and Wim H. J. Meeus. "Friendship quality as a moderator between perception of interparental conflicts and maladjustment in adolescence." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 6 (2007): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407080578.
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The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine the moderating role of friendship quality in the association between adolescent perception of interparental conflicts and maladjustment. Participants were 1294 adolescents enrolled in the Dutch CONAMORE 2001—2006 study ( Mage = 13.6 years). AMOS multigroup analyses were utilized. Results show that low friendship quality is a risk factor for both boys and girls, aggravating the effect of interparental conflicts on anxiety, whereas for aggression this was only the case for boys. No convincing support was found for high friendship quality's protective function against the effect of perceived interparental conflict on maladjustment. These findings show the substantial importance of not being in a low quality friendship when adolescents perceive interparental conflicts.
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Kaeppel, Kristi, Robin S. Grenier, and Emma Björngard-Basayne. "The F Word: The Role of Women’s Friendships in Navigating the Gendered Workplace of Academia." Human Resource Development Review 19, no. 4 (2020): 362–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534484320962256.
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This conceptual paper contributes a new perspective on the role of women academics’ friendships in helping them navigate and counter the masculine culture of academia. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and Relational Cultural Theory, we contend that women’s friendships allow women to thrive by meeting core psychological needs that are threatened in a marginalized work environment. Women’s intra-gender friendships act as counterspaces that challenge deficit notions women often hold about themselves, which are particularly prevalent for early career academics and women of color. We examine these workplace friendships through the belief that the academy is a gendered workplace which results in women often experiencing significant challenges to their career success. Furthermore, we consider how women’s friendships can mitigate the effects of workplace marginalization and enhance well-being that results in career success. We conclude by challenging HRD scholars to consider how academia can make space for and value women’s friendships in the workplace to benefit both individuals and institutions.
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Bowman, Jonathan M. "Gender Role Orientation and Relational Closeness: Self-Disclosive Behavior in Same-Sex Male Friendships." Journal of Men's Studies 16, no. 3 (2008): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.1603.316.
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Lo, Chih-Cheng, Chun-Hsien Wang, and Yi-Wen Lin. "Professional or Interpersonal Trust? Effect of Social Network on the Intention to Undergo Cosmetic Procedures." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (2021): 215824402110401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040122.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the influence of friendship and medical advice networks on customers’ intention to undergo cosmetic procedures and its relationship to the role of professional and interpersonal trust in seeking cosmetic information. We propose that both interpersonal and professional trust play a mediating role in medical cosmetic information-seeking behaviors. In doing so, a purposive sampling of 289 customers from 21 cosmetic clinics was surveyed while all these customers received medical cosmetics treatment. The empirical analysis has shown that customers who are central to the friendship network have a high level of interpersonal trust, which positively mediates the relationship between friendship networks and their decisions to adopt cosmetic procedures. Our findings suggest that the understanding of friendship and advice networks enables us to explore the explicit details of how customers exchange information related to cosmetic surgery. Finally, our findings also made practical contributions, while the counseling service of medical clinic is required to take not only professional but also interpersonal trust into consideration.
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Liu, Fangsong, Harold Chui, and Man Cheung Chung. "The effect of parent–adolescent relationship quality on deviant peer affiliation: The mediating role of self-control and friendship quality." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 10-11 (2020): 2714–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520937358.
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Previous research demonstrated the association between parent–adolescent relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation, but it is unclear whether this relation is mediated by other psychological and interpersonal variables, whether father– and mother–adolescent relationship quality have different pathways in predicting deviant peer affiliation, and whether gender moderates these associations. A sample of 543 students from grades 10 to 12 (42.7% male; age M = 16.2 years, SD = 1.0) was selected from a Chinese high school in Shenzhen, China. They provided demographic variables and completed self-report measures of father– and mother–adolescent relationship quality, self-control, friendship quality, and deviant peer affiliation. The results showed that lower father–adolescent relationship quality was associated with lower self-control, which in turn was associated with higher deviant peer affiliation. Mother–adolescent relationship quality did not have direct or indirect association with deviant peer affiliation. In addition, male and female adolescents had no significant difference in the associations between father– and mother–adolescent relationship quality, self-control, friendship quality, and deviant peer affiliation. Implications and limitations of these findings were discussed.
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Matsui, Motohiro, Kanako Taku, Rina Tsutsumi, et al. "The role of peer support in psychosocial outcomes among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e22528-e22528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e22528.
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e22528 Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) who experienced cancer treatment sometimes show posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and yet report positive psychological changes, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Literature suggests PTSS and PTG are not on opposite ends of a single spectrum but rather coexist. It is expected to have distinct relationships with social support, and yet, the roles of peer support remain unknown. This study examines PTG and PTSS, and their correlates with peer support among AYA cancer survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire survey with AYA cancer survivors. A total of 212 AYA survivors were recruited from 11 cancer centers and 12 cancer patients’ communities. They completed a self-report measure of the PTG Inventory and the Impact of Event Scale revised (IES-R) to assess PTSS. Diagnosis, treatment, peer support (i.e., affiliation to AYA patients’ community and friendship with other AYA cancer patients), and social status information was also collected from questionnaires. A series of multiple regression analyses was used to identify significant correlates among peer support, PTG and PTSS. Results: PTG and PTSS were not significantly correlated with each other, being consistent with the previous studies. PTG was positively associated with male gender, years since diagnosis, good communication with others, and friendship with other AYA cancer patients. Friendship with other AYA cancer patients was positively associated with not just the overall PTG but all five domains of PTG. PTSS was associated with years since diagnosis, unemployed status, and symptom of late effects. PTSS was, however, unlike PTG, not related with friendship with other AYA cancer patients or affiliation to AYA patients’ community. Conclusions: Good communication and friendship with other AYA cancer patients is suggested to play an important role in PTG but not PTSS. Psychosocial intervention to facilitate peer support among AYA cancer patients would possibly contribute to revive their lives through PTG. Future studies should further investigate what factors would contribute to alleviation of PTSS and foster PTG. Clinical trial information: UMIN000035439.
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Orlova, Tatiana G. "The Implementation of the Conception of Friendship on the Basis of Comparative Structural-semantic Analysis of English and Russian Proverbs." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 2 (2020): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-2-301-318.
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The article is devoted to the study of the conception of friendship based on the results of comparative structural-semantic analysis of English and Russian proverbs about friendship. The study includes two complementary steps. The first step consists in formulating the main aspects of the conception of friendship. The second consists in comparing fragments of this proverbial field, which made it possible to explore the implementation of eight aspects of the conception of friendship on the material studied. The clarification of similarities and differences made it possible to identify the specific national and cultural characters of thinking and mentality of the two non-related peoples towards understanding of friendship. The relevance of the study is determined by the novelty of the proposed approach to the study of the conception of friendship based on the comparative structural and semantic analysis of proverbs of two linguistic-cultural ethnic groups, as well as the insufficient knowledge of proverbs expressing the concept of “friendship” from the point of view of identifying their figurative and motivational basis, figurative means (metaphor, metonymy, comparison, personification, gradation, hyperbole, irony, allegory, antithesis), semantics of lexical components, syntactic structures (repetitions, parallelism, ellipsis, compression), expressive means, as well as rhythmic organization. There were selected and systematized similar and unique meanings of English and Russian proverbs as a result of research on the material of these languages. The analysis of these meanings allowed us to explore conception of friendship, thereby providing the basis for deeper rethinking both the conception and the proverbial material. As the part of the study there were observed differences in understanding of a person, personal relationships with others, mutual help, etc. These differences are largely due to the different origins of English and Russian proverbs. Most of the English proverbs are short sayings, which were formed under the influence of Latin expressions and quotations from Bible. Most of the Russian proverbs are peasant by origin and therefore they are closely connected with a specific and imaginative perception of the world. Their expressiveness is much higher at the expense of using the means of oral folk creativity. This analysis made it possible to reveal the role of linguistic means in expressing the mentality of the representatives of both peoples.
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Kopala-Sibley, Daniel C., David C. Zuroff, Nicola Hermanto, and Keven Joyal-Desmarais. "The development of self-definition and relatedness in emerging adulthood and their role in the development of depressive symptoms." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 4 (2015): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415573640.
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According to Blatt (2004; Blatt & Luyten, 2009) and others (e.g., Beck, Epstein, Harrison, & Emery, 1983), establishing positive self-definition and mature relatedness to others represent core lifespan developmental tasks. In a sample of emerging adults, this study examined the effects of the quality of one close friendship and changes in romantic relationship status on the development of maladaptive personality traits from each domain (self-criticism and neediness and connectedness), and the effects of changes in these personality factors on the development of depressive symptoms. Participants consisted of 82 (13 male) emerging adults ( Mage = 19.00, SD = 0.75) and a single corresponding close friend. At baseline, participants and their friends completed measures of the quality of their relationship (i.e., acceptance and autonomy support). At baseline and again 12 months later, participants completed measures of self-criticism, neediness, connectedness, depressive symptoms, and current romantic relationship status. Adjusting for gender and baseline age, structural equation models showed that better friendship quality predicted decreases in self-criticism, which in turn predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms. Entering into a romantic relationship predicted increases in connectedness. Connectedness was unrelated to depression, although increases in neediness over time predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Results highlight the role of one close friend and changes in romantic relationship status in the development of self-definition and relatedness during emerging adulthood, and the role of those personality factors in the development of depression.
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Gauthier, Patricia. "Entre mondanité et libertinage : figures de l’amitié dans les romans de Charles Sorel." Romanica Wratislaviensia 64 (October 27, 2017): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.64.3.
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BETWEEN WORLDLY FRIENDSHIP AND LIBERTINAGE : FIGURES OF FRIENDSHIP IN CHARLES SOREL’S NOVELSFriendship was an essential ferment in the advent of a new kind of sociability in the seventeenth-century France. The comic novel — and especially Sorel’s works— with its ambition to accurately portraiting the world, provides a unique vantage point for observing this phenomenon. Whether honest friendship is praised or mocked, Sorel offers various images of a link between the characters that is often tantamount to belonging to the same environment. As a criterion of social discrimination, friendship is shown in an ambivalent light: thus, Lysis is mocked by his friends because he does not control gallantry codes Berger extravagant. Yet, the purpose is not to denigrate a virtue regarded as fundamental in the social life. The reason why Neophile and Polyandre are friends yet love rivals Polyandre, just as are Francion and Cléandre Francion, is that narrative techniques shift the painting of friendship towards an aesthetic of varietas meant to make it plausible. Thus the characters embody different variations of the stereotype of worldly friendship, allowing the reader to question its role in the society of the time. This worldly aspect is complemented by Sorel with another one in which the society of friends constitutes a crucible for other values that are capable to transcend the artifice of the most commonly shared social codes to assert a libertine credo Francion.
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Baril, Anne. "THE ROLE OF EPISTEMIC VIRTUE IN THE REALIZATION OF BASIC GOODS." Episteme 13, no. 4 (2016): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2016.19.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper, I argue that, contrary to popular opinion, there is good reason to think that the qualities that make people good reasoners also make them better off. I will focus specifically on epistemic virtue: roughly, the kind of character in virtue of which one is excellently oriented towards epistemic goods. I propose that epistemic virtue is importantly implicated in the realization of some of the goods that are widely believed to be instrumental to, or even constitutive of, well-being. Here I focus on one such good: friendship.
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Chima, V., Oluwatobi Abel Alawode, A. F. Awoleye, O. Hawa, and L. I. Chima. "Demographic and Psychosocial Determinants of Life Satisfaction Among Youths in Nigeria: Evidence from the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey." International Journal of Social Science Research 8, no. 2 (2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v8i2.16802.
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Subjective Wellbeing, implying an evaluation of one’s life has recently received intellectual attention, especially in developed countries. Measuring this concept entails both an effective and cognitive evaluation of life. Life satisfaction plays a vital role in positive life outcomes as a key part of the cognitive component of subjective wellbeing. Various factors could determine the current state of wellbeing on an individual. Leveraging on one of the surveys that collect data on subjective wellbeing in Nigeria, we examined the determinants of life satisfaction among youths in Nigeria, with a concentration on the demographic and psychosocial factors. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data for Nigeria (n = 18,454) was analyzed using chi-square tests and binomial logistic regression in Stata 14. The result showed that gender, residence, and region significantly determined life satisfaction. For psychosocial factors influencing life satisfaction; health, family life satisfaction, friendship, treatment by others, and perceived improvement in comparison to last year, significantly determine life satisfaction. Specifically, male resident in rural areas of Nigeria were more likely to report satisfaction with life. Further, youths that reported satisfaction with family life were more likely to be satisfied with life in general, while satisfaction with health, friendships, treatment by others, and improved condition from last year influenced satisfaction with life. In conclusion, it has been shown that beyond the socio-demographic factors, psychosocial determinants play vital roles in determining life satisfaction among youths. It is therefore imperative that government agencies consider policies and interventions that address psychosocial support for youths in Nigeria.
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Ríos-González, Oriol, Mimar Ramis-Salas, Juan Carlos Peña-Axt, and Sandra Racionero-Plaza. "Alternative Friendships to Improve Men’s Health Status. The Impact of the New Alternative Masculinities’ Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042188.
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Background: Men who develop behaviors connected with the model of hegemonic masculinity present several health problems. Previous research has shown the types of problems that men commonly suffer in this regard such as chronic diseases, dietary disorders, and traffic accidents. To combat and overcome this situation, several campaigns, policies and recommendations have been undertaken, and consequently, their influence has been analyzed. However, there have been few investigations into the role of men’s friendship in the reduction of these physical health problems. The findings presented in this article are focused on this issue, illustrating the impact of male friendship on the shaping of healthy behaviors. Methods: Drawing upon a qualitative-based methodology articulated in a case study of the Men in Dialogue association, located in Spain, the study has followed the premises of the communicative approach, a total of 15 structured online open-ended questionnaires have been performed and analyzed. The median age of the participants is 37.5 years. Results: The findings show how men involved in Men in Dialogue are promoting a kind of masculine friendship that is improving men’s emotional well-being and, consequently, their physical health.
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Colovic, Petar, Jasmina Kodzopeljic, Dusanka Mitrovic, Bojana Dinic, and Snezana Smederevac. "Roles in violent interactions in early adolescence: Relations with personality traits, friendship and gender." Psihologija 48, no. 2 (2015): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1502119c.
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The aim of this study is to examine the relations between roles in violent interactions and personality traits (congruent to dimensions of Big Seven lexical model), number of friends, and gender. The study was conducted on a sample of 1095 elementary school students from Serbia (51.4% female), aged 11-14. The results revealed that membership in the victims group corresponds to smaller number of friends, low Extraversion, high Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and male gender, while higher Aggressiveness, Negative and Positive Valence, lower Neuroticism, and male gender increase the odds of membership in the bullies group. The role of bully-victims corresponds to smaller number of friends, higher Negative Valence and Neuroticism, and male gender. The results point to differences between roles in violent interaction with regard to patterns of personality traits and social behavior.
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Rowsell, H. Claire, Joseph Ciarrochi, Patrick C. L. Heaven, and Frank P. Deane. "The role of emotion identification skill in the formation of male and female friendships: A longitudinal study." Journal of Adolescence 37, no. 2 (2014): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.11.005.
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van Rens, Fleur E. C. A., Erika Borkoles, Damian Farrow, and Remco C. J. Polman. "Domain Specific Life Satisfaction in the Dual Careers of Junior Elite Football Players: The Impact of Role Strain." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, no. 3 (2018): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0011.
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Using a holistic perspective on athlete talent development, this study examines the impact of role strain on the life satisfaction in various life domains of junior elite Australian Rules Football players. One hundred and twelve talent-identified male Australian Rules Football players (Mage = 16.8; SD = .71) completed measures of role strain and multidimensional life satisfaction. The results indicated that role strain explained twelve to twenty-four percent of the variance in life satisfaction in the players’ life domains. Experiences of role strain related to the players’ dual careers were associated with decreased life satisfaction in sport, friendships, family, yourself, and global life satisfaction domains. Situations in which the players perceived that their abilities were underutilized were also negatively associated with life satisfaction across various life domains. This study thus evidences the importance of a domain specific, holistic approach to investigate the life satisfaction in junior athletes’ dual careers.
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Ferreira, Milene, Cecília Aguiar, Nadine Correia, Margarida Fialho, and Júlia Serpa Pimentel. "Friendships and Social Acceptance of Portuguese Children With Disabilities: The Role of Classroom Quality, Individual Skills, and Dosage." Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 39, no. 3 (2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271121419864419.
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Positive social experiences with peers are important for children with disabilities attending inclusive early childhood education (ECE). This study investigated the associations between classroom quality; children’s verbal, social, and behavioral skills; and the friendships and social acceptance of children with disabilities, while testing the moderating effects of ECE dosage. Eighty-six children with disabilities (63 boys; Mage = 67.53 years, SD = 10.54 years), attending 86 inclusive ECE classrooms from the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon, Portugal, participated in the study. We found no effects of classroom quality on children’s social acceptance and friendships and ECE dosage did not moderate this association. However, ECE dosage moderated the association between children’s individual skills and their social acceptance and friendships. Findings suggest that more time in ECE is not enough to support children’s social acceptance, particularly for children with increased language and behavioral difficulties, who likely require more intensive and individualized interventions to support their peer-related social experiences.
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Guvensel, Kan, Andrea Dixon, Catherine Chang, and Brian Dew. "The Relationship Among Gender Role Conflict, Normative Male Alexithymia, Men’s Friendship Discords With Other Men, and Psychological Well-Being." Journal of Men's Studies 26, no. 1 (2017): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826517719543.
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Haggerty, George E. "“Alas, Poor Yorick!”: Elegiac Friendship in Tristram Shandy." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 5 (2015): 1450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.5.1450.
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Not far into the first volume of laurence sterne's tristram shandy, we are presented with the death scene of yorick, the country parson who plays a central role in the novel. Yorick has barely made his appearance before his death is lamented in one of the novel's most arresting passages. This death scene is unexpected and out of sync with the way the story has been told so far. Readers are not yet aware that events transpire according to a system all their own; nor do they realize that in Tristram Shandy death is implicit in the lives of its characters as perhaps in no other novel, certainly no other comic novel, of the last half of the eighteenth century. Of course, in Tristram Shandy there is no law about when things happen or how they relate to matters around them, except some supple notion of memory and the association of ideas, as articulated by John Locke. Still, Sterne, who uses the self-effacing parson to represent himself, has made no bones about his ill health and how short a time he has for writing his novel, and in that sense this scene could be placed anywhere and it would be perfectly intelligible. One critic, at least, reads the novel as a direct reflection of Sterne's awareness of his own mortal illness.
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Nelson, George W. "Factors of Friendship: Relevance of Significant Others to Female Business Owners." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 13, no. 4 (1989): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225878901300403.
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An exploratory analysis of the identity, characteristics, and business contributions of persons designated significant others by 102 female business owners was conducted. Drawing on social interaction theories, a typology of attributes for such others was developed, and elements of those attributes were assessed. Significant other contribution dimensions were identified, and further elaborated in terms of identity and characteristic variables. The most meaningful contributions were to specific business needs, and were provided by spouses, siblings, and male friends. The results showed a pragmatic approach to accepting aid from significant others, based not on the role of the other but on his or her actual ability to contribute.
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Dion, Kenneth L., and Karen K. Dion. "Gender and Ethnocultural Comparisons in Styles of Love." Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, no. 4 (1993): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00656.x.
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Ethnocultural background and gender were investigated as correlates of love styles in an ethnically diverse sample of university students in Toronto. Women viewed love as more friendship oriented, more pragmatic, but less permissive than did men, findings consistent with previous research with American college students. Ethnocultural differences or Gender x Ethnocultural Background interactions were also found. In line with an expected contrast between Asian and Western cultural traditions regarding love, Chinese and other Asian respondents of both sexes were more friendship oriented in their love relationships than were respondents of Anglo-Celtic or European ethnocultural backgrounds. Expectations of greater gender role differentiation among Asians were partly supported by finding that women from Asian ethnocultural backgrounds other than Chinese were less likely to view “love as a game” than were either their female or male counterparts. Women from Asian ethnocultural backgrounds other than Chinese also expressed a more altruistic view of love than did Anglo-Celtic women.
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Kapoor, Usha, Karen S. Pfost, Alvin E. House, and Eric Pierson. "Relation of Success and Nontraditional Career Choice to Selection for Dating and Friendship." Psychological Reports 107, no. 1 (2010): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.17.pr0.107.4.177-184.
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Women who succeed in traditionally male-dominated fields have previously been found to experience lower social acceptance, both from men in romantic contexts and from women in platonic contexts. The present study examined whether such preferences continue to exist. Participants were 256 university students (110 men, 146 women) with an average age of 21.4 yr. ( SD = 3.6). They answered the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Modern Sexism Scale and also responded to four descriptions of stimulus persons which represented the variables of traditional versus nontraditional field and successful versus nondescribed academic performance. Results indicated that men preferred to date women in traditional careers (independent of their success). This finding was unrelated to men's scores on sex role orientation or egalitarianism and sexism. However, in platonic relationships, women favored women in nontraditional careers as friends.
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MACDONALD, LAURA, and MYRTE HALMAN. "Geen Grenzen Meer: An American Musical's Unlimited Border Crossing." Theatre Research International 39, no. 3 (2014): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883314000479.
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Since its 2003 Broadway debut, Wicked's international audiences have embraced productions of the musical in a variety of countries. Wicked has thus conquered the world with its ideological framework of American values, as much as with its story of friendship between two young women. In transcending national borders, Wicked becomes a transnational commodity. We interview Dutch actress Willemijn Verkaik, who discusses her multiple, multilingual and transnational performances as Elphaba in Wicked, and analyse Dutch–American relations and the Netherlands’ lasting role as cultural middleman, suggesting that Verkaik's multinational Elphabas, constructed through a Dutch filter, make her a cultural diplomat, one consistent with the Netherlands’ larger role since the Pilgrims migrated there prior to crossing the Atlantic. The pilgrimages made by the actress, as well as by her international fan base, offer insight into Wicked's powerful position in constructing identities and communities that may no longer be bound by borders.
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Bizzozzero, M. R., S. J. Allen, L. Gerber, et al. "Tool use and social homophily among male bottlenose dolphins." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (2019): 20190898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0898.
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Homophilous behaviour plays a central role in the formation of human friendships. Individuals form social ties with others that show similar phenotypic traits, independently of relatedness. Evidence of such homophily can be found in bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, where females that use marine sponges as foraging tools often associate with other females that use sponges. ‘Sponging’ is a socially learned, time-consuming behaviour, transmitted from mother to calf. Previous research illustrated a strong female bias in adopting this technique. The lower propensity for males to engage in sponging may be due to its incompatibility with adult male-specific behaviours, particularly the formation of multi-level alliances. However, the link between sponging and male behaviour has never been formally tested. Here, we show that male spongers associated significantly more often with other male spongers irrespective of their level of relatedness. Male spongers spent significantly more time foraging, and less time resting and travelling, than did male non-spongers. Interestingly, we found no difference in time spent socializing. Our study provides novel insights into the relationship between tool use and activity budgets of male dolphins, and indicates social homophily in the second-order alliance composition of tool-using bottlenose dolphins.
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Staszewski, Wojciech Szczepan. "Polityka traktatowa Polski w zakresie umów o przyjaźni i współpracy po „Jesieni ludów” 1989 r." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 17, no. 1 (2019): 281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2019.1.13.
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A state’s treaty policy constitutes a significant aspect of the foreign policy to every country. The transformations in Poland and in the other Central and Eastern European countries launched by the events described as “Autumn of Nations” of 1989 have brought fundamental changes to the several governments and the international community, including Poland’s, which demanded a revision of the Polish treaty policy. Due to the fact that the bilateral Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation reflect the priorities of foreign policy and indicate the characteristics of the bilateral relations, they play particularly important role in the treaty relations of every country. Through the outlook on the transformations in the Polish treaty policy with respect to the Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation made after the governmental changes, this paper attempts to present the interest areas for the Polish foreign policy after 1989.
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Engebretsen, Solveig, Arnoldo Frigessi, Kenth Engø-Monsen, et al. "The peer effect on pain tolerance." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 18, no. 3 (2018): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0060.
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Abstract Background and aims Twin studies have found that approximately half of the variance in pain tolerance can be explained by genetic factors, while shared family environment has a negligible effect. Hence, a large proportion of the variance in pain tolerance is explained by the (non-shared) unique environment. The social environment beyond the family is a potential candidate for explaining some of the variance in pain tolerance. Numerous individual traits have previously shown to be associated with friendship ties. In this study, we investigate whether pain tolerance is associated with friendship ties. Methods We study the friendship effect on pain tolerance by considering data from the Tromsø Study: Fit Futures I, which contains pain tolerance measurements and social network information for adolescents attending first year of upper secondary school in the Tromsø area in Northern Norway. Pain tolerance was measured with the cold-pressor test (primary outcome), contact heat and pressure algometry. We analyse the data by using statistical methods from social network analysis. Specifically, we compute pairwise correlations in pain tolerance among friends. We also fit network autocorrelation models to the data, where the pain tolerance of an individual is explained by (among other factors) the average pain tolerance of the individual’s friends. Results We find a significant and positive relationship between the pain tolerance of an individual and the pain tolerance of their friends. The estimated effect is that for every 1 s increase in friends’ average cold-pressor tolerance time, the expected cold-pressor pain tolerance of the individual increases by 0.21 s (p-value: 0.0049, sample size n=997). This estimated effect is controlled for sex. The friendship effect remains significant when controlling for potential confounders such as lifestyle factors and test sequence among the students. Further investigating the role of sex on this friendship effect, we only find a significant peer effect of male friends on males, while there is no significant effect of friends’ average pain tolerance on females in stratified analyses. Similar, but somewhat lower estimates were obtained for the other pain modalities. Conclusions We find a positive and significant peer effect in pain tolerance. Hence, there is a significant tendency for students to be friends with others with similar pain tolerance. Sex-stratified analyses show that the only significant effect is the effect of male friends on males. Implications Two different processes can explain the friendship effect in pain tolerance, selection and social transmission. Individuals might select friends directly due to similarity in pain tolerance, or indirectly through similarity in other confounding variables that affect pain tolerance. Alternatively, there is an influence effect among friends either directly in pain tolerance, or indirectly through other variables that affect pain tolerance. If there is indeed a social influence effect in pain tolerance, then the social environment can account for some of the unique environmental variance in pain tolerance. If so, it is possible to therapeutically affect pain tolerance through alteration of the social environment.
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Garai, Gréta, and Zorán Vukoszávlyev. "Supreme Pastor of the Church Cares for the Hungarian Church: Church Architecture of the Hungarian Church During the First Decade of John Paul II’s Papacy." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (2017): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10882.
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One of the first longer letters of Pope John Paul II was addressed to the Hungarian Episcopacy and the Hungarian Catholics. Besides the traditional Polish-Hungarian friendship, he highlighted the person of Saint Stephen and the role of Hungary in the history of the Christian religion. “ […] the Catholic Church, which had such a significant role in the history of Hungary, can still pervade the spiritual image of your country, and can make the lightness of Jesus Christ’s gospel, that gave light to the sons of the Hungarian people during so many centuries, shine for your sons and daughters.”- wrote in his letter.
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Cambron, M. Janelle, Linda K. Acitelli, and Lynne Steinberg. "When Friends Make You Blue: The Role of Friendship Contingent Self-Esteem in Predicting Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 3 (2009): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167209351593.
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Ciotti, Manuela. "Remaking traditional sociality, ephemeral friendships and enduring political alliances." Focaal 2011, no. 59 (2011): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2011.590102.
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This article explores histories of social separation, impermanent encounters, and lasting political alliances between Dalit (“untouchable”) Chamar male youth and members of the upper-caste Brahman community in a village in eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India. The entry of young Chamar people into educational institutions followed by political mobilization and, for some, the transition into employment, has led them to appropriate spaces often beyond the purview of previous generations. Against the backdrop of Chamar histories as agricultural laborers, powerless political subjects, and actors of religious marginality, new forms of masculinity, sociality, and class formation have come into being. The article focuses on young Chamar men’s involvement in village politics, particularly during the 2005 local elections. It is argued that village politics—rather than inter-caste friendships, which remain short-lived as a result of caste discrimination—has engendered an arena of sociality where caste-driven interest produce more durable social links between young low-caste men and members of the upper-caste community. As India’s political history illustrates, the episode of electoral politics analyzed in this article brings together differently situated communities within the nation, highlighting how the unresolved question of caste discrimination conflates with the compulsion to political power. If young Chamar men are the new protagonists in this history, their role is the outcome of broader changes in the consciousness around political participation and the opening up of democratic possibilities for minority populations in a postcolonial setting.
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Lambrechts, Antoine. "ICON PAINTER PIMEN SOFRONOV (1898–1973) AND HIS STUDENT THE BENEDICTINE MONK JERÔME LEUSSINK (1898–1952)." Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion, no. 2 (2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-4158-2021-2-117-131.
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The author turns to the little-known biographical aspects of two outstanding icon painters – the Old Believer-Bespopovets from Estonia Pimen Maksimovich Sofronov and the Catholic monk of the Benedictine Holy Cross Monastery in Chevetogne (Belgium) Father Jerôme Leussink. From December 1939 to the beginning of the 1940’s, Leussink studied icon painting with Sofronov in Rome. The article is based on archival materials of the Holy Cross Monastery, in particular on Leussink’s letters to his abbot. They show that the relationship between the teacher and the student quickly developed into a genuine cooperation, and then into a deep mutual respect and friendship. The author emphasizes that Pimen Sofronov not only conveyed but also revived the Old icon-painting tradition in Europe and in the New World, across boundaries between Churches. This was made possible by the help of his numerous students and friends in Paris, Prague, Rome and America.
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Firmansyah, Muhammad Reza, Riski Amelia, Rizky Amalia Jamil, Faturochman Faturochman, and Wenty Marina Minza. "BENEVOLENCE, COMPETENCY, AND INTEGRITY: WHICH IS MORE INFLUENTIAL ON TRUST IN FRIENDSHIPS?" Jurnal Psikologi 18, no. 1 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.18.1.91-105.
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Personal variables are often assumed to affect trust. In Indonesia, there are three personal variables that affect trust: benevolence, competence, and integrity. This study aims to examine the influence of these three variables on friendship relationships. The respondents of this study consists of 220 students of Universitas Gadjah Mada (44.1% male and 55.9% female). Data were collected using the Trust Scale (α = .74), the Benevolence Scale (α = .85), the Competence Scale (α = .80), and the Integrity Scale (α = .78). Regression analysis revealed that competence has no significant influence towards trust, and the role of benevolence is greater than integrity. Based on these findings we constructed regression models with benevolence as the main variable and integrity as an additional variable. As a single factor, the contribution of benevolence is 21.4%. The addition of integrity in the regression model finds that the contribution of both variables together is 29.2%.