Relevant bibliographies by topics / Male gametes

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Male gametes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Male gametes"

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Buyser, J. De, B. Bachelier, and Y. Henry. "Gametic selection during wheat anther culture." Genome 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-410.

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Gametic selection was investigated in a monosomic 1D line of wheat. Comparison of chromosome numbers in progenies from cross- or self-pollination and anther culture indicated the frequency of the different types of gametes acting in zygote formation. The progenies obtained from reciprocal crosses (monosomic × euploid) were different in terms of frequencies of monosomic plants. All the pollen grains do not have an equal probability of fertilization since a strong gametic selection for euhaploid male gametes was observed when the monosomic line was used as male parent; only 13% of the nullisomic survived to embryogenesis and seed germination. Regenerants from anther culture also demonstrated that the percentage of nullihaploids was reduced, indicating a strong selection for euhaploid gametes. A comparison between the frequency of male nullihaploid gametes in the cross disomic × monosomic and in the anther culture revealed that the two processes generate the same gamete transmission. The in vitro cultures do not induce more selection pressure than the embryogenic development even if they are together biased samples of the male gametic population.
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NEAL, A. T. "Male gametocyte fecundity and sex ratio of a malaria parasite, Plasmodium mexicanum." Parasitology 138, no. 10 (July 15, 2011): 1203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000941.

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SUMMARYEvolutionary theory predicts that the sex ratio of Plasmodium gametocytes will be determined by the number of gametes produced per male gametocyte (male fecundity), parasite clonal diversity and any factor that reduces male gametes' ability to find and combine with female gametes. Despite the importance of male gametocyte fecundity for sex ratio theory as applied to malaria parasites, few data are available on gamete production by male gametocytes. In this study, exflagellating gametes, a measure of male fecundity, were counted for 866 gametocytes from 26 natural infections of the lizard malaria parasite, Plasmodium mexicanum. The maximum male fecundity observed was 8, but most gametocytes produced 2–3 gametes, a value consistent with the typical sex ratio observed for P. mexicanum. Male gametocytes in infections with higher gametocytaemia had lower fecundity. Male fecundity was not correlated with gametocyte size, but differed among infections, suggesting genetic variation for fecundity. Fecundity and sex ratio were correlated (more female gametocytes with higher fecundity) as predicted by theory. Results agree with evolutionary theory, but also suggest a possible tradeoff between production time and fecundity, which could explain the low fecundity of this species, the variation among infections, and the correlation with gametocytaemia.
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Ogura, A., and R. Yanagimachi. "Spermatids as male gametes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 2 (1995): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950155.

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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is becoming increasingly popular in human infertility clinics as an efficient method for the treatment of male infertility. It is proposed that spermatids can be used as substitutes for spermatozoa if men are unable to produce sperm in their testes. At least in the hamster and mouse, the nuclei of round spermatids were capable of participating in syngamy when incorporated into homologous mature oocytes either by microsurgical ICSI or electrofusion. Normal mouse offspring were born after after electrofusion of oocytes with round spermatids. When culture in vitro of spermatogonia and spermatocytes is perfected, then spermatids, transforming spermatids and spermatozoa will all be able to be used as male gametes.
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Lehtonen, Jussi, and Heikki Helanterä. "Superorganismal anisogamy: queen–male dimorphism in eusocial insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 10, 2020): 20200635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0635.

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Colonies of insects such as ants and honeybees are commonly viewed as ‘superorganisms’, with division of labour between reproductive ‘germline-like’ queens and males and ‘somatic’ workers. On this view, properties of the superorganismal colony are comparable with those of solitary organisms to such an extent that the colony itself can be viewed as a unit analogous to an organism. Thus, the concept of a superorganism can be useful as a guide to thinking about life history and allocation traits of colonies as a whole. A pattern that seems to reoccur in insects with superorganismal societies is size dimorphism between queens and males, where queens tend to be larger than males. It has been proposed that this is analogous to the phenomenon of anisogamy at the level of gametes in organisms with separate sexes; more specifically, it is suggested that this caste dimorphism may have evolved via similar selection pressures as gamete dimorphism arises in the ‘gamete competition’ theory for the evolution of anisogamy. In this analogy, queens are analogous to female gametes, males are analogous to male gametes, and colony survival is analogous to zygote survival in gamete competition theory. Here, we explore if this question can be taken beyond an analogy, and whether a mathematical model at the superorganism level, analogous to gamete competition at the organism level, may explain the caste dimorphism seen in superorganismal insects. We find that the central theoretical idea holds, but that there are also significant differences between the way this generalized ‘propagule competition’ theory operates at the levels of solitary organisms and superorganisms. In particular, we find that the theory can explain superorganismal caste dimorphism, but compared with anisogamy evolution, a central coevolutionary link is broken, making the requirements for the theory to work less stringent than those found for the evolution of anisogamy.
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Schoen, D. J., and S. C. Stewart. "Variation in Male Fertilities and Pairwise Mating Probabilities in Picea glauca." Genetics 116, no. 1 (May 1, 1987): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/116.1.141.

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ABSTRACT Frequencies of multilocus male gametes in seeds collected from clones in several blocks of a white spruce seed orchard were analyzed as part of a 2-yr study of mating system variation in this species. Observed frequencies of male gamete types departed significantly from those expected assuming equal male fertilities among clones. Male gamete frequencies in seed crops were significantly heterogeneous among clones within blocks, and among blocks within clones. Clonal male fertilities were estimated from male gamete frequency data. These estimates were highly skewed, with a small proportion of the clones contributing male gametes to the majority of the seed. The estimates were significantly heterogeneous among clones within blocks, and among blocks within clones. Between-year variation in clonal male fertilities was also pronounced, with male fertilities of some clones changing by as much as three orders of magnitude. Clonal male fertility was significantly correlated with clonal male cone production in both years. These results are important with regard to assumptions made for the estimation of general combining ability, average genetic correlation among progeny from single parents, and expected response to selection in open-pollinated plant populations.
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CEBRAT, S., and D. STAUFFER. "GAMETE RECOGNITION AND COMPLEMENTARY HAPLOTYPES IN SEXUAL PENNA AGEING MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 02 (February 2008): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012066.

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In simulations of sexual reproduction with diploid individuals, we introduce female haploid gametes that recognize one specific allele of the genomes as a marker of the male haploid gametes. They fuse to zygotes preferably with male gametes having a different marker than their own. This gamete recognition enhances the advantage of complementary bit-strings in the simulated diploid individuals, at low recombination rates. Thus with rare recombinations the bit-strings evolve to be complementary; with recombination rates above approximately 0.1 they instead evolve under Darwinian purification selection, with few bits mutated.
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Griswold, M. D. "Making male gametes in culture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 42 (October 9, 2012): 16762–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215088109.

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Lansac, J. "Male gametes: Production and quality." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 70, no. 2 (December 1996): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(95)02577-4.

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Charlesworth, Brian. "The origin of male gametes." Current Biology 17, no. 5 (March 2007): R163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.056.

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García-Rodríguez, Anaís, Jaime Gosálvez, Ashok Agarwal, Rosa Roy, and Stephen Johnston. "DNA Damage and Repair in Human Reproductive Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010031.

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The fundamental underlying paradigm of sexual reproduction is the production of male and female gametes of sufficient genetic difference and quality that, following syngamy, they result in embryos with genomic potential to allow for future adaptive change and the ability to respond to selective pressure. The fusion of dissimilar gametes resulting in the formation of a normal and viable embryo is known as anisogamy, and is concomitant with precise structural, physiological, and molecular control of gamete function for species survival. However, along the reproductive life cycle of all organisms, both male and female gametes can be exposed to an array of “stressors” that may adversely affect the composition and biological integrity of their proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, that may consequently compromise their capacity to produce normal embryos. The aim of this review is to highlight gamete genome organization, differences in the chronology of gamete production between the male and female, the inherent DNA protective mechanisms in these reproductive cells, the aetiology of DNA damage in germ cells, and the remarkable DNA repair mechanisms, pre- and post-syngamy, that function to maintain genome integrity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Male gametes"

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D'Artenay, Tamrya Dawn. "Evolution of Male Gametes in Liverworts." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/354.

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Liverworts are speciose, morphologically diverse, and members of an ancient lineage that is now recognized as the sister group to all other land plants. Spermatozoid ultrastructural characters have provided insight on interrelationships among plant groups as well as the puzzling placement of some taxa in molecular-based phylogenies. With completion of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of liverworts based on nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial sequences, changes in morphology of spermatozoids may be readily tracked across lineages. The research presented herein was conducted to fill in critical data on spermatogenesis in major clades of liverworts and to evaluate the evolutionary changes in these complex cells throughout the phylum. Ultrastructural studies of the locomotory apparatus in mid-stage spermatids and mature spermatozoids were conducted on Aneura pinguis, Scapania nemorea, Calypogeia mulleriana, Bazzania trilobata, and Porella platyphylla. The locomotory apparatus of the taxa examined exhibits the typical liverwort architecture, with a multilayered structure and two staggered flagella that are attached to the spline by dimorphic basal bodies. The locomotory apparatus of Aneura is unique among liverworts in that the two basal bodies are inserted at nearly the same location near the anterior of the MLS. The spermatozoid of all taxa are streamlined and coiled, and contain a long cylindrical nucleus, two mitochondria and a starch-filled plastid. Spermatozoids of Scapania, Porella and Bazzania coil 1.75 revolutions, while Aneura spermatozoids coil nearly 4 revolutions. The plastid terminates the spermatozoid in all but Aneura, where the plastid and nucleus overlap to the terminus. A data matrix was compiled from published data and the present studies, and a list of 21 characters scored for 11 of the most completely studied taxa. Representative taxa were selected from all major clades within the liverwort phylogeny, as well as one moss, one hornwort, and two tracheophytes as outgroups. Mesquite was used to perform an ancestral state reconstruction using maximum likelihood with Mk1and AsymmMk parameter models. Haplomitriopsida taxa (Haplomitrium and Treubia) shared several characters including more than one plastid, more than two mitochondria, wide spline width, and left lateral curve of the lamellar strip; however, no character states were calculated to have a significant proportional likelihood value at the ancestral node. Marchantiopsida taxa (Blasia, Marchantia, Sphaerocarpos) shared several characters including a three microtubules-wide spline aperture, a notch in the lamellar strip, and a right and left taper in shape to the lamellar strip, all of which were supported with significant proportional likelihood values at the ancestral node. Jungermanniopsida taxa (Pellia, Pallavicinia, Aneura, Porella, Bazzania, Scapania) possessed a right to left taper of the lamellar strip and a spline that attached tangentially to the nucleus and were supported by significant proportional likelihood values at the ancestral node. BayesTraits was used to give estimated values of characters for the liverwort ancestor using both the directional and random walk models. Values included a spline width of 48 microtubules, a lamellar strip length of 0.933 µm, and lamellar strip width of 1.427 µm. In addition to possessing features that have not been documented, Aneura spermatozoids share features with distantly related Haplomitriopsida including the absences of a Fibrillenscheide and the lack of a narrow spline shank.
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Fridolfsson, Anna-Karin. "Evolutionary studies of sex chromosome linked genes and male-biased mutation in birds /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5740-8.pdf.

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Fouche, Anna Aletta. "Genetic predisposition to DTT-induced DNA decondensation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05102007-130900.

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Liepa, Marcis. "How Male Gamers Perceive Games with Non-sexualized Female Protagonists : Swedish Males Aged 18 and Above." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för speldesign, teknik och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1943.

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Some game publishers and developers do not think that games with non-sexualized female protagonists are worth making because they would not sell. With close to a half of gamers being female (47%) it is a bit puzzling that they are not catered to. This could be because publishers think that male gamers, who they perceive as their main demographic, would not buy games with non-sexualized female protagonists. A study was done to see if that statement is correct. By questioning 91 Swedish male gamers, aged 18 and above, it was found that in games where one can choose the character’s sex 46% of the subjects play as a female character at least half of the time and in total 90% of the 91 subjects have at some point chosen to play as a female character. No one of the subjects have any negative thoughts about there being more games with non-sexualized female protagonists who are heroic in their own right and not a trophy, when asked 47% said it would be “Very good”, 24% said it would be “Good” and 29% said that they have “No opinion” in the matter.
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Simpson, Julia Louise. "Male gamete morphology in relation to swimming velocity and fertilisation microenvironment." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6900.

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The heterogeneity of spermatozoa has been widely used to inform phylogenetic relationships among taxa, yet the reason such diversity has evolved, in relation to the sperms primary functional role in fertilisation and reproduction, is not well understood. Research into the evolutionary significance of sperm morphology is concomitant with the study of sexual selection and the evolution of the biological diversity of life. The formulation of sperm competition theory in the 1970s provided a new insight for the study of sexual selection and the development of the field of sperm biology. The idea that males not only competed for access to females but that, through direct competition, spermatozoa of individual males were also in competition to fertilise the maximum number of eggs was a revolutionary concept. An integral part of many sperm competition models is the assumption that there is a relationship between sperm morphology and swimming velocity in terms of fertilisation success. In addition to this it is further assumed that longer sperm swim faster than shorter sperm. During competitive mating, when the ejaculate from two or more males compete to fertilise a given set of eggs, longer and therefore faster, sperm should have a fertilisation advantage as they can reach and fertilise eggs first. However identifying the traits that make individual sperm more or less capable of successfully fertilising an egg remain largely unknown for most species. There has so far been little empirical support for a link between sperm morphology and swimming speed and mixed results regarding the importance of swimming speed when it comes to increasing fertilisation success. Here, three aspects of sperm biology were investigated in order to clarify functional links between sperm morphology and velocity. Firstly, the influence that female gametes have on the swimming behaviour of both fresh and cryopreserved bovine sperm was examined. Bovine samples were used because it is known that in the bovidae family, female gametes release chemoattractans which appear to play a role in sperm guidance towards the oocyte (egg). Additionally, a large literature base regarding damage caused by cryopreservation of bovine sperm exists. The second topic of research focuses on cichlid fish. Cichlids from Lake Malawi have been underrepresented in the published literature in sperm biology despite being extensively studied in relation to other aspects of their biology. A phylogenetically controlled study into links between sperm morphology and velocity across mouthbrooding cichlids from Lake Malawi was therefore undertaken. All endemic cichlids in Lake Malawi are maternal mouthbrooders in which the female broods both eggs and fry inside her buccal cavity (a cavity inside the mouth of the female between the jaw and cheek). The functional significance of the buccal cavity is also important as the point of fertilisation for some species. Variation in sperm length has been found in cichlid species in Lake Tanganyika where substrate fertilisers have significantly longer sperm than species fertilising inside the buccal cavity. However, links between morphology and velocity have found little support when using traditional methods that rely on the calculation of mean measurements of sperm morphology and velocity. Here an experimental approach focusing on measurements from individual sperm whilst accounting for within-male variation was employed to investigate the extent to which links between sperm morphology and velocity to be revealed across species. The third area expands on the idea that fertilisation point will have an influence on sperm form and function and compares sperm data from three internally and three externally fertilising species. Once again measurements from individual sperm were used and within-male variation was included in the analysis. The influence of chemoattractants on sperm swimming speed and direction are frequently omitted in the sperm competition literature, as are comparisons of the effects of sperm preservation methods such as cryopreservation. Such considerations are, in a large part left to articles on animal breeding and artificial insemination. It is however, widely acknowledged that chemoattractans do influence sperm motility in a range of taxa and that cryopreservation damages sperm. Whilst chemotaxis in bovine sperm was not detected in this study, variation in swimming characteristics of bovine sperm related to the method of preservation was observed. As cryopreservation appears to alter sperm behaviour it seems unlikely that observations of swimming velocity of fresh and cryopreserved sperm can be compared when considering relationships between sperm length and velocity. Information from both fresh and cryopreserved sperm is useful when considering links between sperm traits and fertilisation success but need to be considered independently. Using comparative methods to investigate sperm traits across closely related species of cichlid fish no phylogenetic correlation for sperm traits was found. Furthermore, sperm morphology did not show any correlation with velocity across species. However, when within-male variation was accounted for, a relationship between sperm morphology and velocity was revealed. Interestingly the relationship was frequently a negative one, a novel finding despite numerous studies into sperm morphology-speed relationships. When the results from data comparing internal and externally fertilising species was considered negative relationships tended to be more prevalent in internally fertilising species. If this is a general trend, that shorter sperm swim faster in internally fertilising species, we could extrapolate that the negative relationships between sperm length and velocity found in the cichlid data set exhibit sperm morphology adapted for internal fertilisation. A larger sample size would be required to conclusively support this suggestion that could confirm Lake Malawi cichlids share a common point of fertilisation, within the buccal cavity, despite high levels of diversity found in other aspects of the speciation of these cichlids. The findings of the work presented here highlight the negative influence cryopreservation has on sperm motility and that measurements of individual spermatozoa are vital if links between morphology and velocity are to be detected. The importance of sperm preservation method on the swimming behaviour, and by association the ability of the individual sperm to successfully complete fertilisation, requires further investigation to link the morphology and velocity of individual sperm to the method of preservation. This link would provide valuable insight into the structure of sperm subpopulations which are the most resistant to cryopreservation and therefore of most value for techniques such as artificial insemination. Using a new method for measuring individual sperm morphology and velocity whilst accounting for intra-male variation significant links between sperm morphology and velocity in a number of vertebrates and invertebrates were revealed. The data gathered here suggests that such links could be widespread across more species than current empirical work indicates. Furthermore, the direction of relationships between morphology and velocity appear to be revealing disparity between internally and externally fertilising species.
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Campbell, Anna Louise. "Sperm pHertility : male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25994.

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Ocean acidification (OA) together with other anthropogenic perturbations is projected to dramatically alter marine environments over the coming centuries. The vast majority of marine species reproduce by freely spawning sperm directly into the water column, where fertilisation can then either be external or a female can draw sperm into a burrow, brooding chamber or onto her external surface. Hence, sperm are now being released into rapidly changing seawater conditions. In this thesis, I firstly assess what is currently known on the potential for OA and other anthropogenic stressors to influence freely spawned sperm in marine invertebrate taxa. I then present a series of experimental chapters investigating the influence of OA, as a single stressor or in conjunction with a second stressor, copper, on sperm function, physiology and competitive fertilisation performance in a range of invertebrate taxa. My research demonstrates that sperm are vulnerable to the projected changes in seawater carbonate chemistry under OA, with responses observed at all biological levels from sperm physiology, swimming performance, fertilisation ecology and sperm competitiveness. In a multi-stressor experiment on polychaete gametes and larvae, I provide empirical evidence that changes to seawater pH under OA can alter the susceptibility of early life stages including sperm, to the common coastal pollutant copper. Sperm DNA damage increased by 150 % and larval survivorship was reduced by 44 % in combined exposures, than when exposed to copper alone. As a single stressor OA also acted to significantly reduce Arenicola marina sperm swimming speeds and fertilisation success. This work was followed up with a mechanistic investigation of A. marina sperm swimming performance under OA conditions. I found that the length of time between spawning and fertilisation can strongly influence the impact of OA on sperm performance. Key fitness-related aspects of sperm functioning declined after several hours under OA conditions, and these declines could not be explained by changes in sperm ATP content, oxygen consumption or viability. In a final set of experiments, I ran a set of paired competitive fertilisation trials in the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. In addition to reducing fundamental sperm performance parameters, OA conditions affected competitive interactions between males during fertilisation, with potential implications for the proportion of offspring contributed by each male under the new conditions. This work suggests that the ‘best’ males currently may not be the most competitive under OA. Overall this body of work reveals a series of significant changes to sperm performance under OA that might act to perturb sperm functioning in future oceans.
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Gribbon, Aidan. "Active Video Games and Energy Balance in Male Adolescents." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32275.

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Active video games (AVG) have been shown to acutely increase energy expenditure when compared to seated video games; however, the compensatory effects on energy intake and subsequent energy expenditure are largely unknown. The main objective of this thesis was to examine the acute effects of AVG on energy intake and expenditure in male adolescents. Our results suggest that male adolescents compensate for one hour of AVG play by decreasing their physical activity levels for the remainder of the day. There was no compensation in acute energy intake with AVG play. The results from this thesis suggest that the benefits of one hour of Kinect™ AVG play are offset within 24 hours in male adolescents. Therefore, caution must be exercised when prescribing AVG for interventions aimed at preventing/treating childhood obesity.
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Windt, Marie-Lena. "Human gamete micromanipulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICI) : its impact on severe male infertility." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51790.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch Uni versity, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) introduced a revolutionary way of treatment for male factor infertility. With the exception of some cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, all other male factor infertility cases have the potential to be successfully treated with ICS!. The only prerequisite seems to be the presence of a motile or viable immotile sperm cell for each oocyte. In this study we report on our own experience with the development and implementation of the ICSI method in the Reproductive Biology Unit at Tygerberg Hospita!. An analysis of 5 years of ICSI experience showed that semen parameters, sperm morphology, motility and concentration did not influence fertilization and pregnancy rates adversely. In most cases, patients who could not be treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), due to poor semen parameters or fertilization failure, were treated successfully with ICS!. Even a case of globozoospermia was treated successfully with ICS!. Testicular spermatozoa, fresh or frozen-thawed, also resulted in excellent fertilization and pregnancy rates. Cryopreservation of testicular samples facilitated the management of the infertile couple, aiding the coordination of the recovery of vital gametes from both partners and also limiting the repetition of testicular biopsies. Incubation (maturation) of testicular spermatozoa also induced an enhancement in pregnancy rates. It can be concluded that ICSI proved to be a treatment method with success similar to that of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), in spite of a severe male factor. The study also indicated transfer route and embryo quality (viability) to be very important factors in the success of ICS!. The tubal transfer route was shown to be a significant contributor to the pregnancy success (compared to uterine transfer) as was the transfer of embryos that showed early division to the 2-cell stage, 26 hours post injection. The transfer of early dividing embryos into the fallopian tube resulted in a pregnancy rate of almost 40%, a result similar to that of GIFT with a mild male factor. The role of the oocyte in fertilization and pregnancy success was also revealed indirectly by the introduction of ICS!. Visual observation of denuded oocytes was possible and many morphological features, normal and abnormal, can be observed. Immature oocytes can also be identified and it was shown that they could be successfully matured in vitro before injection. In this study transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study abnormalities in oocyte morphology. The standard method was adapted and modified for single cell TEM. The abnormalities observed included lysosomal and non-lysosomal degeneration (yellowish or darkly coloured oocytes), degeneration and vacuole formation (vacuolated oocytes), large secondary lysosomes filled with multiple small lipid droplets - lipofuscin body (refractile body) and a fragmented oocyte. It was also possible to study at ultrastructural level, possible reasons for fertilization failure in ICS!. Different stages of oocyte activation failure, cytoplasmic immaturity, sperm cell extrusion, abnormal sperm cell decondensation, female spindle abnormalities and technique related factors were observed. TEM was also successfully implemented to elucidate the reason for infertility in a patient with a longstanding, unexplained history of infertility. TEM evaluation of two of the patient's unfertilized oocytes revealed a spindle abnormality with contributing cytoskeletal anomalies at ultrastructural level. The modified TEM technique offers a valuable tool to study this small, but important group of patients with unexplained infertility. ThisTEM study opened up a new, valuable and interesting avenue of research with both diagnostic and prognostic value for patients with unexplained infertility. ICSI is therefore a valuable method in the treatment of especially male factor infertility. It is the most advanced fertilization technique developed in the last decade in this field. Not only can almost all male factor patients be treated, but unexplained female infertility can also be exposed, studied and hopefully in future also be treated with micromanipulation methods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van die mikromanipulasie tegniek "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" (ICSI) het die behandeling van die manlike faktor in infertiliteit, revolusionêr verander. Met die uitsondering van sommige gevalle van nie-obstruktiewe asoospermia, kan potensieel alle ander manlike infertiliteits faktore suksesvol met ICSI behandel word. Die enigste voorvereiste blyk "n bewegende of "n nie-bewegende, maar bewese lewende spermsel te wees. In hierdie studie word verslag gedoen oor die ontwikkeling en toepassing van die ICSI metode in die Eenhed vir Reproduktiewe Biologie by Tygerberg Hospitaal. 'n Analise van 5 jaar se resultate na die implementering van die ICSI metode het gewys dat die semen parameters, sperm morfologie, motiliteit en konsentrasie, nie "n effek op bevrugting- en swangerskapsyfers gehad het nie. Pasiënte wat, as gevolg van ontoereikende semen parameters, nie met die klassieke metodes, in vitro bevrugting (IVB) of gameet intrafallopiusbuis terugplasing (GIFT) behandel kon word nie, kon suksesvol met ICSI behandel word. Daar was selfs "n geval van manlike infertiliteit as gevolg van globosoospermie, wat suksesvol met ICS behandel is. Die ICSI metode het dit ook moontlik gemaak om uitstekende bevrugting- en swangerskap resultate met testikulêre spermatosoa .(vars en gevries) te bereik. Die bevriesing van testisweefsel het ook bygedra tot beter hantering van sulke pasiënte. Herhaalde testisbiopsies word uitgeskakel en die koórdinasie van die verkryging van die manlike en vroulike gamete, word ook vergemaklik wanneer testisweefsel in gevriesde vorm beskikbaar is. Die studie het verder getoon dat wanneer testikulêre weefsel geïnkubeer word (om spermatosoa te laat matureer), die swangerskapsyfers verhoog was. Dit is dus duidelik dat die ICSI metode net so suksesvol soos die IVB en GIFT metodes toegepas kan word, selfs en veral in gevalle van erge manlike faktor infertiliteit. Die studie het ook verder getoon dat die plek waar embrios teruggeplaas word, asook die embriokwalitiet van teruggeplaasde embrios, belangrike bydraende faktore in die ICSI swangerskapsukses was. Embrioterugplasing in die buis van fallopius en terugplasing van embrios wat vroeë 2-sel deling, 26 uur na ICSI getoon het, is uitgewys as faktore wat ICSI swangerskap betekenisvol verbeter het. Dit was moontlik om "n swangerskapsyfer van ongeveer 40%, sootgelyk aan die van GIFT sonder "n erge manlike faktor, te bereik met die terugplasing van ten minste een vroeë deler embrio in die fallopiese buis. Die ICSI tegniek het ook indirek bygedra tot nuwe insigte met betrekking tot die rol wat die vroulike eiersel (oësief in ICSI bevrugting speel. Oósiete word gestroop van hulomringende selle vir die ICSI proses en kan dan maklik vir hul normale en abnormale morfologiese eienskappe evalueer word. Oësiete wat immatuur is kan ook so geïdentifiseer word en dit is moontlik om hulle suksesvol te matureer voor mikro-inspuiting. Transmissie-elektronmikroskopie (TEM) is in die studie gebruik om die ultrastruktuur van onbevrugde en abnormale oësiete te bestudeer. Hiervoor is "n bestaande tegniek gemodifiseer vir die hantering van "n enkele sel, in hierdie geval die oosiet. Lisasomale en nie-lisosomale degenerasie (oósiete wat geelof donker van kleur voorkom), degeneratiewe tekens en vakuole (oësiete met vakuole), groot sekondêre lisosome gevul met klein lipieddruppels ('refractile body') en 'n gefragmenteerde oosiet was van die morfologies abnormale eienskappe wat ultrastruktureel geïdentifiseer is. Moontlike faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in nie-bevrugting na ICSI kon ook op ultrastrukturele vlak met die tegniek geïdentifiseer word. Hierdie faktore het die volgende ingesluit: die onvermoë van verskillende stadiums van oosiet aktivering, sitoplasmatiese immaturiteit, uitwerping van die spermsel na die periviteliene spasie, abnormale spermsel dekondensasie, vroulike spoelvormings abnormaliteite en tegniekgekoppelde faktore. Die TEM tegniek is ook suksesvol aangewend om die infertiliteitsprobleem van 'n pasiënt wat vir etlike jare aan onverklaarbare infertiliteit gely het, te identifiseer. TEM het op die ultrastrukturele vlak gewys dat daar 'n spoel abnormaliteit in twee van haar onbevrugde oëslete was. TEM kan dus baie vrugbaar gebruik word in hierdie groep pasiënte om onverklaarbare infertiliteit, wat andersins ongeïdentifiseerd sou bly, te verklaar. Die ICSI metode is die mees revolusionêre tegniek wat die afgelope dekade vir die behandeling van veral manlike infertiliteit ontwikkel en baie suksesvol toegepas is. Die metode ook kan 'n bydraende rol speel in die hantering van onverklaarbare infertiliteit veral ten opsigte van die vroulike gameet. In die toekoms is dit moontlik dat selfs hierdie probleem met nuwe mikromanipulasietegnieke opgelos sal kan word.
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REJON, EMMANUELLE. "Etude cytophisiologique du gamete male de scolopendrium vulgare l. : differenciation cellulaire et activites enzymatiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066657.

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Etude des remaniements morphologiques et physiologiques subits au cours de la spermatogenese par la cellule spermatique: mise en place du cytosquelette et de l'appareil cinetique a partir du blepharoplaste. L'acquisition de la motilite du gamete est egalement etudiee
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REINELÖV, JOSEFIN, and SARA ÅHSTRÖM. "Women in Games : Experiences and Attitudes of Female Employees in the Male-dominated Games Industry." Thesis, KTH, Organisation och ledning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159688.

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Sweden is regularly listed as one of the best countries in the world in terms of gender equality, often portrayed as a role model compared to the rest of the world. However, occupations tend to comprise disproportionately large numbers of women or men. The games industry is no exception, were women represent only 15 per cent of the workforce, of which only a small percentage  of those  actually work with the game production. This implies negative consequences both in terms of business performance and inequality working conditions. This thesis aims to increase the understanding of why there are so few women within the games industry through an investigation of the attitudes and work experiences  among Swedish female game workers. From a gender perspective, the ongoing construction of gendering practices is problematized, drawing on the study of a Swedish game company and interviews with  seventeen female game workers. We found that the general attitudes towards the games industry are positive. The passion for games was the most significant common factor for all women and in general, women expressed a friendly culture and satisfying workplace conditions. However, the analysis of women’s  work experiences revealed that the industry has gender issues, where women are routinely disadvantaged in favor of men. The widespread stereotype that women are just not as interested or just not as good as men, works against them. Women suffer fewer opportunities to advance, particularly in reaching top management positions and homosocial practices occurs in the recruitment  process as well as within the internal jargon. Hence, the gender power structure problematized in this  study, manifest itself through  multiple negative implications for women.
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Books on the topic "Male gametes"

1

Gallagher, Joyce. Games teachers make. Nashville, Tenn: Incentive Publications, Inc., 1991.

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Mary, Wallace. I can make games: [so easy to make!]. Toronto: Owl Books, 1995.

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1952-, Fife Bruce, ed. Ventriloquism made easy. Colorado Springs, CO: Java Pub. Co., 1989.

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Stadelman, Paul. Ventriloquism made easy. Colorado Springs, CO: PiccadillyBooks, 1989.

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Make amazing games in minutes. Hingham, MA: Charles River Media, 2005.

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Nickels, Wallace. Make your own maths games. East Grinstead: Ward LockEducational, 1989.

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McDermott, Will. Pokemon made simple! Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2000.

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Speirs, John. Ghostly games. Godalming: Ted Smart, 1991.

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Speirs, John. Ghostly games. Pleasantville, N.Y: Reader's Digest Kids, 1991.

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Ghostly games. Pleasantville, N.Y: Reader's Digest Kids, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Male gametes"

1

Procópio, Marcela Santos, Samyra Maria dos Santos Nassif Lacerda, Guilherme M. J. Costa, and Luiz Renato de França. "Development of Artificial Gametes." In Male Infertility, 747–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4_60.

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Palanisamy, Dharmaraj, Simi Mohandas, Mohamed C. Ashraf, and Alex C. Varghese. "Male Gametes In Vivo to In Vitro: Clinical and Laboratory Management of Nonobstructive Azoospermia." In Male Infertility, 707–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4_57.

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Routray, P. "Cryopreservation and Short Duration Storage of Germ Cells and Male Gametes of Freshwater Fish." In Cryopreservation of Fish Gametes, 177–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4025-7_8.

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Sofikitis, N., N. Kanakas, and I. Miyagawa. "Micro- and Macroconsequences of Ooplasmic Injections of Early Haploid Male Gametes." In Manual on Assisted Reproduction, 575–600. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58341-4_25.

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Zhao, Xiaonan, Huiyan Lu, Pradeep K. Dagur, and Karen Usdin. "Isolation and Analysis of the CGG-Repeat Size in Male and Female Gametes from a Fragile X Mouse Model." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 173–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9784-8_11.

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Girardi, Sarah K., and Peter N. Schlegel. "Micromanipulation of the Male Gamete." In Male Infertility and Sexual Dysfunction, 258–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1848-7_17.

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Symosko, Krista Maye, Gerald Schatten, and Charles Allen Easley. "Gamete Production from Stem Cells." In Female and Male Fertility Preservation, 395–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47767-7_32.

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Trautschold, Martin, Gary Mazo, and Marziah Karch. "Fun and Games." In DROIDS Made Simple, 469–78. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3280-3_24.

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Trautschold, Martin, and Gary Mazo. "Games and Fun." In iPad Made Simple, 481–93. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3130-1_23.

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Karch, Marziah. "Fun and Games." In Android Tablets Made Simple, 291–305. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3672-6_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Male gametes"

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Kuzmina, T. I., D. N. Tatarskaya, and V. YU Kravtsov. "PROSPECTS FOR THE USING OF SILICON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF IN VITRO MATURATION OF ANIMAL OOCYTES." In "International Scientific and Practical Conference" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF VETERINARY PHARMACY, ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY IN AIC ", dedicated to the centenary of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SPbSUVM. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2021-2-129-131.

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In vitro production of animal embryos is an important tool for solving male and female infertility problems in animals. Modeling of extracorporeal maturation systems of oocytes using siliconcontaining compounds in the composition of culture media revealed the peculiarities of the realization of their effects on somatic and germ cells of ovarian follicles, depending on the structure. Highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (nHDS) positive effects on the fertility of female gametes in Bos Taurus and Sus Scrofa Domesticus. The gel substrate of silica (silicon dimethylglycerolate - DMGC) does not cause an increase in the level of embryos cleavage, while it does not have cytoand genotoxicity when tested on somatic and germ cells of antral follicles.Key words: siliconcontaining compounds, in vitro maturation, animal oocytes.
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Tarashankar Rudra, Manolya Kavakli, and David Tien. "Emotion detection from male speech in computer games." In TENCON 2007 - 2007 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2007.4428779.

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Boehmer, Niclas, Vincent Froese, Julia Henkel, Yvonne Lasars, Rolf Niedermeier, and Malte Renken. "Two Influence Maximization Games on Graphs Made Temporal." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/7.

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To address the dynamic nature of real-world networks, we generalize competitive diffusion games and Voronoi games from static to temporal graphs, where edges may appear or disappear over time. This establishes a new direction of studies in the area of graph games, motivated by applications such as influence spreading. As a first step, we investigate the existence of Nash equilibria in competitive diffusion and Voronoi games on different temporal graph classes. Even when restricting our studies to temporal paths and cycles, this turns out to be a challenging undertaking, revealing significant differences between the two games in the temporal setting. Notably, both games are equivalent on static paths and cycles. Our two main technical results are (algorithmic) proofs for the existence of Nash equilibria in temporal competitive diffusion and temporal Voronoi games when the edges are restricted not to disappear over time.
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Kim, Paul Hyunjin, and Roger Crawfis. "The quest for the perfect perfect-maze." In 2015 Computer Games: AI, Animation, Mobile, Multimedia, Educational and Serious Games (CGAMES). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgames.2015.7272964.

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Салтанович, Татьяна, Людмила Анточ, and А. Дончилэ. "Оценка реакции мужского гаметофита томата на действие патогенов Alternaria Spp." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.84.

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Research objective: to identify tomato genotypes resistant to Alternaria on variability and symptoms of male gametophyte on selective backgrounds with cultural filtrate of pathogens Alternaria spp. A set of gamete breeding techniques and genetic-statistical analysis were used in the experiments. Some patterns of the variability and heritability of traits in the tomato male gametophyte have been identified on media with filtrates of pathogens. The differences in the resistance of pollen to the filtrate influence were established; the differentiation and selection of genotypes for further breeding were made. These studies can be used at different stages of the selection process.
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Liu, Boyang, Ming Zhang, Hongyi Dai, and Jiahua Wei. "Does quantization always make games fairer?" In 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6895953.

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Kim, Paul Hyunjin, Jacob Grove, Skylar Wurster, and Roger Crawfis. "Design-centric maze generation." In FDG '19: The Fourteenth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3341854.

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McGee, Kevin, and Aswin Thomas Abraham. "Real-time team-mate AI in games." In the Fifth International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1822348.1822365.

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Junaidi, Junaidi. "Biomotor Ability Profile of Indonesian Male Rugby Athletes for Asian Games 2018." In International Seminar on Public Health and Education 2018 (ISPHE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isphe-18.2018.15.

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Abraham, Aswin Thomas, and Kevin McGee. "AI for dynamic team-mate adaptation in games." In 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw.2010.5593326.

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Reports on the topic "Male gametes"

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Faurot, Dave, Paul A. Kucera, and Robyn D. Armstrong. Cryopreservation of Adult Male Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon Gametes in the Snake River Basin, 1997 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14575.

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Weiss, David, and Neil Olszewski. Manipulation of GA Levels and GA Signal Transduction in Anthers to Generate Male Sterility. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580678.bard.

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The original objectives of the research were: i. To study the role of GA in anther development, ii. To manipulate GA and/or GA signal transduction levels in the anthers in order to generate male sterility. iii. To characterize the GA signal transduction repressor, SPY. Previous studies have suggested that gibberellins (GAs) are required for normal anther development. In this work, we studied the role of GA in the regulation of anther development in petunia. When plants were treated with the GA-biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, anther development was arrested. Microscopic analysis of these anthers revealed that paclobutrazol inhibits post-meiotic developmental processes. The treated anthers contained pollen grains but the connective tissue and tapetum cells were degenerated. The expression of the GA-induced gene, GIP, can be used in petunia as a molecular marker to: study GA responses. Analyses of GIP expression during anther development revealed that the gene is induced only after microsporogenesis. This observation further suggests a role for GA in the regulation of post-meiotic processes during petunia anther development. Spy acts as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) action in Arabidopsis. We cloned the petunia Spy homologue, PhSPY, and showed that it can complement the spy-3 mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of Spy in transgenic petunia plants affected various GA-regulated processes, including seed germination, shoot elongation, flower initiation, flower development and the expression of a GA- induced gene, GIP. In addition, anther development was inhibited in the transgenic plants following microsporogenesis. The N-terminus of Spy contains tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR). TPR motifs participate in protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Spy is part of a multiprotein complex. To test this hypothesis, we over-expressed the SPY's TPR region without the catalytic domain in transgenic petunia and generated a dominant- negative Spy mutant. The transgenic seeds were able to germinate on paclobutrazol, suggesting an enhanced GA signal. Overexpression of PhSPY in wild type Arabidopsis did not affect plant stature, morphology or flowering time. Consistent with Spy being an O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), Spy expressed in insect cells was shown to O-GlcNAc modify itself. Consistent with O-GlcNAc modification playing a role in GA signaling, spy mutants had a reduction in the GlcNAc modification of several proteins. After treatment of the GA deficient, gal mutant, with GA3 the GlcNAc modification of proteins of the same size as those affected in spy mutants exhibited a reduction in GlcNAcylation. GA-induced GlcNAcase may be responsible for this de-GlcNAcylation because, treatment of gal with GA rapidly induced an increase in GlcNAcase activity. Several Arabidopsis proteins that interact with the TPR domain of Spy were identified using yeast two-hybrids screens. One of these proteins was GIGANTEA (GI). Consistent with GI and Spy functioning as a complex in the plant the spy-4 was epistatic to gi. These experiments also demonstrated that, in addition to its role in GA signaling, Spy functions in the light signaling pathways controlling hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic induction of flowering. A second Arabidopsis OGT, SECRET AGENT (SCA), was discovered. Like SPY, SCA O-GlcNAc modifies itself. Although sca mutants do not exhibit dramatic phenotypes, spy/sca double mutants exhibit male and female gamete and embryo lethality, indicating that Spy and SCA have overlapping functions. These results suggest that O-GlcNAc modification is an essential modification in plants that has a role in multiple signaling pathways.
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Afonso, José, Rodrigo Ramirez Campillo, Ricardo Lima, Lorenzo Laporta, Ana Paulo, Henrique Castro, Gustavo Costa, et al. Unilateral versus bilateral landing after spike jumps in male and female volleyball: A systematic review of official matches, simulated 6 vs. 6 games and laboratory or analytical conditions. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0104.

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Smerecka, Honorata. ANALYSIS OF PRESS HEADLINES FROM KROSNOCITY.PL AND KROSNO24.PL WEB PORTALS IN KROSNO. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11108.

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The analysis of press headlines from the krosnocity.pl and krosno24.pl news portals in Krosno allowed to distinguish features and ways of creating headlines in the local press: from schematic constructions to metaphors, word games, hyperbolization of events and quoting statements. During the linguistic research, several key functions of local Internet portals also emerged: it is primarily to inform about the most important events from the region, but also to support the development of the city, promote local products and businesses, take care of the good name and the interests of its inhabitants and make their achievements and passions known.
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Stark, Sasha, Heather Wardle, and Isabel Burdett. Examining lottery play and risk among young people in Great Britain. GREO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2021.002.

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Purpose & Significance: Despite the popularity of lottery and scratchcards and some evidence of gambling problems among players, limited research focuses on the risks of lottery and scratchcard play and predictors of problems, especially among young people. The purpose of this project is to examine whether lottery and scratchcard participation is related to gambling problems among 16-24 year olds in Great Britain and whether general and mental health and gambling behaviours explain this relationship. Methodology: Samples of 16-24 year olds were pooled from the 2012, 2015, and 2016 Gambling in England and Scotland: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey (n=3,454). Bivariate analyses and Firth method logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between past-year lottery and scratchcard participation and gambling problems, assessing the attenuating role of mental wellbeing, mental health disorders, self-assessed general health, and playing other games in past year. Results: There is a significant association between scratchcard play and gambling problems. The association somewhat attenuated but remained significant after taking into account wellbeing, mental health disorders, general health, and engagement in other gambling activities. Findings also show that gambling problems are further predicted by age (20-24 years), gender (male), lower wellbeing, and playing any other gambling games. Implications: Results are valuable for informing youth-focused education, decisions around the legal age for National Lottery products, and the development of safer gambling initiatives for high risk groups and behaviours, such as scratchcard play.
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