Dissertations / Theses: 'Male gametes'

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D'Artenay, Tamrya Dawn. "Evolution of Male Gametes in Liverworts." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/354.

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Liverworts are speciose, morphologically diverse, and members of an ancient lineage that is now recognized as the sister group to all other land plants. Spermatozoid ultrastructural characters have provided insight on interrelationships among plant groups as well as the puzzling placement of some taxa in molecular-based phylogenies. With completion of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of liverworts based on nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial sequences, changes in morphology of spermatozoids may be readily tracked across lineages. The research presented herein was conducted to fill in critical data on spermatogenesis in major clades of liverworts and to evaluate the evolutionary changes in these complex cells throughout the phylum. Ultrastructural studies of the locomotory apparatus in mid-stage spermatids and mature spermatozoids were conducted on Aneura pinguis, Scapania nemorea, Calypogeia mulleriana, Bazzania trilobata, and Porella platyphylla. The locomotory apparatus of the taxa examined exhibits the typical liverwort architecture, with a multilayered structure and two staggered flagella that are attached to the spline by dimorphic basal bodies. The locomotory apparatus of Aneura is unique among liverworts in that the two basal bodies are inserted at nearly the same location near the anterior of the MLS. The spermatozoid of all taxa are streamlined and coiled, and contain a long cylindrical nucleus, two mitochondria and a starch-filled plastid. Spermatozoids of Scapania, Porella and Bazzania coil 1.75 revolutions, while Aneura spermatozoids coil nearly 4 revolutions. The plastid terminates the spermatozoid in all but Aneura, where the plastid and nucleus overlap to the terminus. A data matrix was compiled from published data and the present studies, and a list of 21 characters scored for 11 of the most completely studied taxa. Representative taxa were selected from all major clades within the liverwort phylogeny, as well as one moss, one hornwort, and two tracheophytes as outgroups. Mesquite was used to perform an ancestral state reconstruction using maximum likelihood with Mk1and AsymmMk parameter models. Haplomitriopsida taxa (Haplomitrium and Treubia) shared several characters including more than one plastid, more than two mitochondria, wide spline width, and left lateral curve of the lamellar strip; however, no character states were calculated to have a significant proportional likelihood value at the ancestral node. Marchantiopsida taxa (Blasia, Marchantia, Sphaerocarpos) shared several characters including a three microtubules-wide spline aperture, a notch in the lamellar strip, and a right and left taper in shape to the lamellar strip, all of which were supported with significant proportional likelihood values at the ancestral node. Jungermanniopsida taxa (Pellia, Pallavicinia, Aneura, Porella, Bazzania, Scapania) possessed a right to left taper of the lamellar strip and a spline that attached tangentially to the nucleus and were supported by significant proportional likelihood values at the ancestral node. BayesTraits was used to give estimated values of characters for the liverwort ancestor using both the directional and random walk models. Values included a spline width of 48 microtubules, a lamellar strip length of 0.933 µm, and lamellar strip width of 1.427 µm. In addition to possessing features that have not been documented, Aneura spermatozoids share features with distantly related Haplomitriopsida including the absences of a Fibrillenscheide and the lack of a narrow spline shank.

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Fridolfsson, Anna-Karin. "Evolutionary studies of sex chromosome linked genes and male-biased mutation in birds /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5740-8.pdf.

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Fouche, Anna Aletta. "Genetic predisposition to DTT-induced DNA decondensation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05102007-130900.

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Liepa, Marcis. "How Male Gamers Perceive Games with Non-sexualized Female Protagonists : Swedish Males Aged 18 and Above." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för speldesign, teknik och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1943.

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Some game publishers and developers do not think that games with non-sexualized female protagonists are worth making because they would not sell. With close to a half of gamers being female (47%) it is a bit puzzling that they are not catered to. This could be because publishers think that male gamers, who they perceive as their main demographic, would not buy games with non-sexualized female protagonists. A study was done to see if that statement is correct. By questioning 91 Swedish male gamers, aged 18 and above, it was found that in games where one can choose the character’s sex 46% of the subjects play as a female character at least half of the time and in total 90% of the 91 subjects have at some point chosen to play as a female character. No one of the subjects have any negative thoughts about there being more games with non-sexualized female protagonists who are heroic in their own right and not a trophy, when asked 47% said it would be “Very good”, 24% said it would be “Good” and 29% said that they have “No opinion” in the matter.

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Simpson, Julia Louise. "Male gamete morphology in relation to swimming velocity and fertilisation microenvironment." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6900.

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The heterogeneity of spermatozoa has been widely used to inform phylogenetic relationships among taxa, yet the reason such diversity has evolved, in relation to the sperms primary functional role in fertilisation and reproduction, is not well understood. Research into the evolutionary significance of sperm morphology is concomitant with the study of sexual selection and the evolution of the biological diversity of life. The formulation of sperm competition theory in the 1970s provided a new insight for the study of sexual selection and the development of the field of sperm biology. The idea that males not only competed for access to females but that, through direct competition, spermatozoa of individual males were also in competition to fertilise the maximum number of eggs was a revolutionary concept. An integral part of many sperm competition models is the assumption that there is a relationship between sperm morphology and swimming velocity in terms of fertilisation success. In addition to this it is further assumed that longer sperm swim faster than shorter sperm. During competitive mating, when the ejaculate from two or more males compete to fertilise a given set of eggs, longer and therefore faster, sperm should have a fertilisation advantage as they can reach and fertilise eggs first. However identifying the traits that make individual sperm more or less capable of successfully fertilising an egg remain largely unknown for most species. There has so far been little empirical support for a link between sperm morphology and swimming speed and mixed results regarding the importance of swimming speed when it comes to increasing fertilisation success. Here, three aspects of sperm biology were investigated in order to clarify functional links between sperm morphology and velocity. Firstly, the influence that female gametes have on the swimming behaviour of both fresh and cryopreserved bovine sperm was examined. Bovine samples were used because it is known that in the bovidae family, female gametes release chemoattractans which appear to play a role in sperm guidance towards the oocyte (egg). Additionally, a large literature base regarding damage caused by cryopreservation of bovine sperm exists. The second topic of research focuses on cichlid fish. Cichlids from Lake Malawi have been underrepresented in the published literature in sperm biology despite being extensively studied in relation to other aspects of their biology. A phylogenetically controlled study into links between sperm morphology and velocity across mouthbrooding cichlids from Lake Malawi was therefore undertaken. All endemic cichlids in Lake Malawi are maternal mouthbrooders in which the female broods both eggs and fry inside her buccal cavity (a cavity inside the mouth of the female between the jaw and cheek). The functional significance of the buccal cavity is also important as the point of fertilisation for some species. Variation in sperm length has been found in cichlid species in Lake Tanganyika where substrate fertilisers have significantly longer sperm than species fertilising inside the buccal cavity. However, links between morphology and velocity have found little support when using traditional methods that rely on the calculation of mean measurements of sperm morphology and velocity. Here an experimental approach focusing on measurements from individual sperm whilst accounting for within-male variation was employed to investigate the extent to which links between sperm morphology and velocity to be revealed across species. The third area expands on the idea that fertilisation point will have an influence on sperm form and function and compares sperm data from three internally and three externally fertilising species. Once again measurements from individual sperm were used and within-male variation was included in the analysis. The influence of chemoattractants on sperm swimming speed and direction are frequently omitted in the sperm competition literature, as are comparisons of the effects of sperm preservation methods such as cryopreservation. Such considerations are, in a large part left to articles on animal breeding and artificial insemination. It is however, widely acknowledged that chemoattractans do influence sperm motility in a range of taxa and that cryopreservation damages sperm. Whilst chemotaxis in bovine sperm was not detected in this study, variation in swimming characteristics of bovine sperm related to the method of preservation was observed. As cryopreservation appears to alter sperm behaviour it seems unlikely that observations of swimming velocity of fresh and cryopreserved sperm can be compared when considering relationships between sperm length and velocity. Information from both fresh and cryopreserved sperm is useful when considering links between sperm traits and fertilisation success but need to be considered independently. Using comparative methods to investigate sperm traits across closely related species of cichlid fish no phylogenetic correlation for sperm traits was found. Furthermore, sperm morphology did not show any correlation with velocity across species. However, when within-male variation was accounted for, a relationship between sperm morphology and velocity was revealed. Interestingly the relationship was frequently a negative one, a novel finding despite numerous studies into sperm morphology-speed relationships. When the results from data comparing internal and externally fertilising species was considered negative relationships tended to be more prevalent in internally fertilising species. If this is a general trend, that shorter sperm swim faster in internally fertilising species, we could extrapolate that the negative relationships between sperm length and velocity found in the cichlid data set exhibit sperm morphology adapted for internal fertilisation. A larger sample size would be required to conclusively support this suggestion that could confirm Lake Malawi cichlids share a common point of fertilisation, within the buccal cavity, despite high levels of diversity found in other aspects of the speciation of these cichlids. The findings of the work presented here highlight the negative influence cryopreservation has on sperm motility and that measurements of individual spermatozoa are vital if links between morphology and velocity are to be detected. The importance of sperm preservation method on the swimming behaviour, and by association the ability of the individual sperm to successfully complete fertilisation, requires further investigation to link the morphology and velocity of individual sperm to the method of preservation. This link would provide valuable insight into the structure of sperm subpopulations which are the most resistant to cryopreservation and therefore of most value for techniques such as artificial insemination. Using a new method for measuring individual sperm morphology and velocity whilst accounting for intra-male variation significant links between sperm morphology and velocity in a number of vertebrates and invertebrates were revealed. The data gathered here suggests that such links could be widespread across more species than current empirical work indicates. Furthermore, the direction of relationships between morphology and velocity appear to be revealing disparity between internally and externally fertilising species.

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Campbell, Anna Louise. "Sperm pHertility : male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25994.

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Ocean acidification (OA) together with other anthropogenic perturbations is projected to dramatically alter marine environments over the coming centuries. The vast majority of marine species reproduce by freely spawning sperm directly into the water column, where fertilisation can then either be external or a female can draw sperm into a burrow, brooding chamber or onto her external surface. Hence, sperm are now being released into rapidly changing seawater conditions. In this thesis, I firstly assess what is currently known on the potential for OA and other anthropogenic stressors to influence freely spawned sperm in marine invertebrate taxa. I then present a series of experimental chapters investigating the influence of OA, as a single stressor or in conjunction with a second stressor, copper, on sperm function, physiology and competitive fertilisation performance in a range of invertebrate taxa. My research demonstrates that sperm are vulnerable to the projected changes in seawater carbonate chemistry under OA, with responses observed at all biological levels from sperm physiology, swimming performance, fertilisation ecology and sperm competitiveness. In a multi-stressor experiment on polychaete gametes and larvae, I provide empirical evidence that changes to seawater pH under OA can alter the susceptibility of early life stages including sperm, to the common coastal pollutant copper. Sperm DNA damage increased by 150 % and larval survivorship was reduced by 44 % in combined exposures, than when exposed to copper alone. As a single stressor OA also acted to significantly reduce Arenicola marina sperm swimming speeds and fertilisation success. This work was followed up with a mechanistic investigation of A. marina sperm swimming performance under OA conditions. I found that the length of time between spawning and fertilisation can strongly influence the impact of OA on sperm performance. Key fitness-related aspects of sperm functioning declined after several hours under OA conditions, and these declines could not be explained by changes in sperm ATP content, oxygen consumption or viability. In a final set of experiments, I ran a set of paired competitive fertilisation trials in the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. In addition to reducing fundamental sperm performance parameters, OA conditions affected competitive interactions between males during fertilisation, with potential implications for the proportion of offspring contributed by each male under the new conditions. This work suggests that the ‘best’ males currently may not be the most competitive under OA. Overall this body of work reveals a series of significant changes to sperm performance under OA that might act to perturb sperm functioning in future oceans.

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Gribbon, Aidan. "Active Video Games and Energy Balance in Male Adolescents." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32275.

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Active video games (AVG) have been shown to acutely increase energy expenditure when compared to seated video games; however, the compensatory effects on energy intake and subsequent energy expenditure are largely unknown. The main objective of this thesis was to examine the acute effects of AVG on energy intake and expenditure in male adolescents. Our results suggest that male adolescents compensate for one hour of AVG play by decreasing their physical activity levels for the remainder of the day. There was no compensation in acute energy intake with AVG play. The results from this thesis suggest that the benefits of one hour of Kinect™ AVG play are offset within 24 hours in male adolescents. Therefore, caution must be exercised when prescribing AVG for interventions aimed at preventing/treating childhood obesity.

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Windt, Marie-Lena. "Human gamete micromanipulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICI) : its impact on severe male infertility." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51790.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch Uni versity, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) introduced a revolutionary way of treatment for male factor infertility. With the exception of some cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, all other male factor infertility cases have the potential to be successfully treated with ICS!. The only prerequisite seems to be the presence of a motile or viable immotile sperm cell for each oocyte. In this study we report on our own experience with the development and implementation of the ICSI method in the Reproductive Biology Unit at Tygerberg Hospita!. An analysis of 5 years of ICSI experience showed that semen parameters, sperm morphology, motility and concentration did not influence fertilization and pregnancy rates adversely. In most cases, patients who could not be treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), due to poor semen parameters or fertilization failure, were treated successfully with ICS!. Even a case of globozoospermia was treated successfully with ICS!. Testicular spermatozoa, fresh or frozen-thawed, also resulted in excellent fertilization and pregnancy rates. Cryopreservation of testicular samples facilitated the management of the infertile couple, aiding the coordination of the recovery of vital gametes from both partners and also limiting the repetition of testicular biopsies. Incubation (maturation) of testicular spermatozoa also induced an enhancement in pregnancy rates. It can be concluded that ICSI proved to be a treatment method with success similar to that of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), in spite of a severe male factor. The study also indicated transfer route and embryo quality (viability) to be very important factors in the success of ICS!. The tubal transfer route was shown to be a significant contributor to the pregnancy success (compared to uterine transfer) as was the transfer of embryos that showed early division to the 2-cell stage, 26 hours post injection. The transfer of early dividing embryos into the fallopian tube resulted in a pregnancy rate of almost 40%, a result similar to that of GIFT with a mild male factor. The role of the oocyte in fertilization and pregnancy success was also revealed indirectly by the introduction of ICS!. Visual observation of denuded oocytes was possible and many morphological features, normal and abnormal, can be observed. Immature oocytes can also be identified and it was shown that they could be successfully matured in vitro before injection. In this study transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study abnormalities in oocyte morphology. The standard method was adapted and modified for single cell TEM. The abnormalities observed included lysosomal and non-lysosomal degeneration (yellowish or darkly coloured oocytes), degeneration and vacuole formation (vacuolated oocytes), large secondary lysosomes filled with multiple small lipid droplets - lipofuscin body (refractile body) and a fragmented oocyte. It was also possible to study at ultrastructural level, possible reasons for fertilization failure in ICS!. Different stages of oocyte activation failure, cytoplasmic immaturity, sperm cell extrusion, abnormal sperm cell decondensation, female spindle abnormalities and technique related factors were observed. TEM was also successfully implemented to elucidate the reason for infertility in a patient with a longstanding, unexplained history of infertility. TEM evaluation of two of the patient's unfertilized oocytes revealed a spindle abnormality with contributing cytoskeletal anomalies at ultrastructural level. The modified TEM technique offers a valuable tool to study this small, but important group of patients with unexplained infertility. ThisTEM study opened up a new, valuable and interesting avenue of research with both diagnostic and prognostic value for patients with unexplained infertility. ICSI is therefore a valuable method in the treatment of especially male factor infertility. It is the most advanced fertilization technique developed in the last decade in this field. Not only can almost all male factor patients be treated, but unexplained female infertility can also be exposed, studied and hopefully in future also be treated with micromanipulation methods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van die mikromanipulasie tegniek "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" (ICSI) het die behandeling van die manlike faktor in infertiliteit, revolusionêr verander. Met die uitsondering van sommige gevalle van nie-obstruktiewe asoospermia, kan potensieel alle ander manlike infertiliteits faktore suksesvol met ICSI behandel word. Die enigste voorvereiste blyk "n bewegende of "n nie-bewegende, maar bewese lewende spermsel te wees. In hierdie studie word verslag gedoen oor die ontwikkeling en toepassing van die ICSI metode in die Eenhed vir Reproduktiewe Biologie by Tygerberg Hospitaal. 'n Analise van 5 jaar se resultate na die implementering van die ICSI metode het gewys dat die semen parameters, sperm morfologie, motiliteit en konsentrasie, nie "n effek op bevrugting- en swangerskapsyfers gehad het nie. Pasiënte wat, as gevolg van ontoereikende semen parameters, nie met die klassieke metodes, in vitro bevrugting (IVB) of gameet intrafallopiusbuis terugplasing (GIFT) behandel kon word nie, kon suksesvol met ICSI behandel word. Daar was selfs "n geval van manlike infertiliteit as gevolg van globosoospermie, wat suksesvol met ICS behandel is. Die ICSI metode het dit ook moontlik gemaak om uitstekende bevrugting- en swangerskap resultate met testikulêre spermatosoa .(vars en gevries) te bereik. Die bevriesing van testisweefsel het ook bygedra tot beter hantering van sulke pasiënte. Herhaalde testisbiopsies word uitgeskakel en die koórdinasie van die verkryging van die manlike en vroulike gamete, word ook vergemaklik wanneer testisweefsel in gevriesde vorm beskikbaar is. Die studie het verder getoon dat wanneer testikulêre weefsel geïnkubeer word (om spermatosoa te laat matureer), die swangerskapsyfers verhoog was. Dit is dus duidelik dat die ICSI metode net so suksesvol soos die IVB en GIFT metodes toegepas kan word, selfs en veral in gevalle van erge manlike faktor infertiliteit. Die studie het ook verder getoon dat die plek waar embrios teruggeplaas word, asook die embriokwalitiet van teruggeplaasde embrios, belangrike bydraende faktore in die ICSI swangerskapsukses was. Embrioterugplasing in die buis van fallopius en terugplasing van embrios wat vroeë 2-sel deling, 26 uur na ICSI getoon het, is uitgewys as faktore wat ICSI swangerskap betekenisvol verbeter het. Dit was moontlik om "n swangerskapsyfer van ongeveer 40%, sootgelyk aan die van GIFT sonder "n erge manlike faktor, te bereik met die terugplasing van ten minste een vroeë deler embrio in die fallopiese buis. Die ICSI tegniek het ook indirek bygedra tot nuwe insigte met betrekking tot die rol wat die vroulike eiersel (oësief in ICSI bevrugting speel. Oósiete word gestroop van hulomringende selle vir die ICSI proses en kan dan maklik vir hul normale en abnormale morfologiese eienskappe evalueer word. Oësiete wat immatuur is kan ook so geïdentifiseer word en dit is moontlik om hulle suksesvol te matureer voor mikro-inspuiting. Transmissie-elektronmikroskopie (TEM) is in die studie gebruik om die ultrastruktuur van onbevrugde en abnormale oësiete te bestudeer. Hiervoor is "n bestaande tegniek gemodifiseer vir die hantering van "n enkele sel, in hierdie geval die oosiet. Lisasomale en nie-lisosomale degenerasie (oósiete wat geelof donker van kleur voorkom), degeneratiewe tekens en vakuole (oësiete met vakuole), groot sekondêre lisosome gevul met klein lipieddruppels ('refractile body') en 'n gefragmenteerde oosiet was van die morfologies abnormale eienskappe wat ultrastruktureel geïdentifiseer is. Moontlike faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in nie-bevrugting na ICSI kon ook op ultrastrukturele vlak met die tegniek geïdentifiseer word. Hierdie faktore het die volgende ingesluit: die onvermoë van verskillende stadiums van oosiet aktivering, sitoplasmatiese immaturiteit, uitwerping van die spermsel na die periviteliene spasie, abnormale spermsel dekondensasie, vroulike spoelvormings abnormaliteite en tegniekgekoppelde faktore. Die TEM tegniek is ook suksesvol aangewend om die infertiliteitsprobleem van 'n pasiënt wat vir etlike jare aan onverklaarbare infertiliteit gely het, te identifiseer. TEM het op die ultrastrukturele vlak gewys dat daar 'n spoel abnormaliteit in twee van haar onbevrugde oëslete was. TEM kan dus baie vrugbaar gebruik word in hierdie groep pasiënte om onverklaarbare infertiliteit, wat andersins ongeïdentifiseerd sou bly, te verklaar. Die ICSI metode is die mees revolusionêre tegniek wat die afgelope dekade vir die behandeling van veral manlike infertiliteit ontwikkel en baie suksesvol toegepas is. Die metode ook kan 'n bydraende rol speel in die hantering van onverklaarbare infertiliteit veral ten opsigte van die vroulike gameet. In die toekoms is dit moontlik dat selfs hierdie probleem met nuwe mikromanipulasietegnieke opgelos sal kan word.

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REJON, EMMANUELLE. "Etude cytophisiologique du gamete male de scolopendrium vulgare l. : differenciation cellulaire et activites enzymatiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066657.

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Etude des remaniements morphologiques et physiologiques subits au cours de la spermatogenese par la cellule spermatique: mise en place du cytosquelette et de l'appareil cinetique a partir du blepharoplaste. L'acquisition de la motilite du gamete est egalement etudiee

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REINELÖV, JOSEFIN, and SARA ÅHSTRÖM. "Women in Games : Experiences and Attitudes of Female Employees in the Male-dominated Games Industry." Thesis, KTH, Organisation och ledning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159688.

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Sweden is regularly listed as one of the best countries in the world in terms of gender equality, often portrayed as a role model compared to the rest of the world. However, occupations tend to comprise disproportionately large numbers of women or men. The games industry is no exception, were women represent only 15 per cent of the workforce, of which only a small percentage of those actually work with the game production. This implies negative consequences both in terms of business performance and inequality working conditions. This thesis aims to increase the understanding of why there are so few women within the games industry through an investigation of the attitudes and work experiences among Swedish female game workers. From a gender perspective, the ongoing construction of gendering practices is problematized, drawing on the study of a Swedish game company and interviews with seventeen female game workers. We found that the general attitudes towards the games industry are positive. The passion for games was the most significant common factor for all women and in general, women expressed a friendly culture and satisfying workplace conditions. However, the analysis of women’s work experiences revealed that the industry has gender issues, where women are routinely disadvantaged in favor of men. The widespread stereotype that women are just not as interested or just not as good as men, works against them. Women suffer fewer opportunities to advance, particularly in reaching top management positions and homosocial practices occurs in the recruitment process as well as within the internal jargon. Hence, the gender power structure problematized in this study, manifest itself through multiple negative implications for women.

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Sheridan, Heather P. "Normative authority in elite male tennis : a philosophical analysis." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2002. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5935/.

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Tennis, like any other practice, undergoes challenges and revisions to its nature. A number of technical and technological innovations have recently been implemented and/or suggested by a variety of interested parties including the introduction of shorter sets and tie-breaker sets, and a revised tennis seeding structure. These innovations, if adopted, will represent a new instantiation of the game. Thus, determining how decisions concerning the future development of the game ought to be made and who ought to make those decisions is of great importance in terms of how fair the decision-making process is and whether the decisions are good for the game itself. In response to these problems we develop a normative account of "fair play" from Macintyre's (1985) nee-Aristotelian position, emphasising the importance of the internal goods, practices, and traditions of tennis, and that decisions ought to be made by those who have relevant experience or knowledge of the practice of elite male tennis. This account, however, fails to provide a decision-making method and is vulnerable to the criticism that it is inherently conservative. We consider three theses that might fill this lacunae and from which a rational decision-making method to evaluate technical and technological innovations in elite male tennis could be developed. First, we consider Rawls's (1971) method of "reflective equilibrium" which allows us to clarify issues, and is both systematic and democratic, but it is too far removed from actual sporting practices, their ethos, histories and traditions to have any normative force. Secondly, we consider Rawls's (1987) "overlapping consensus" model which is conscious of the political situatedness of decision-making but it is inadequate since the consensuses which it reaches might be based on criteria external to the norms of sporting practices. In order to ensure that the consensus reached is based on a critical consensus of the internal norms of sporting practices, we consider Walzer's (1983) thesis that cultural spheres have internal norms which must be respected and which are the basis for normative judgements about justice or goodness within that practice. This thesis is sympathetic to, yet critical of, the internal goods, practice, and traditions of elite male tennis, and that decisions ought to be made by those who have experience or knowledge of the practice of elite male tennis. We conclude the thesis by presenting a tradition-practice bound decision-making model that can be used to evaluate technical and technological innovations in elite male tennis which is transparent, democratic, and respectful of the traditions and internal norms of tennis.

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Jones, Lee. "Discursive power games in counselling psychologists' therapeutic accounts of working with male sexual dysfunction : a Foucauldian analysis." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/Discursive-Power-Games-in-Counselling-Psychologists’-Therapeutic-Accounts-of-Working-with-Male-Sexual-Dysfunction(1a0082e1-8173-42a8-b940-7f7ea1d6a903).html.

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Male sexual dysfunction is considered to be a problematic discursive site due to the diverse ways in which it is constructed and therapeutically conceptualised. Under-researched within the discipline of counselling psychology to date, this diagnostic category needs to be explored to identify ways in which counselling psychologists construct this presenting problem. Therefore the aim of this research was to interrogate how a volunteer group of counselling psychologists understood and worked with male sexual dysfunction in order to make visible some of the masked discursive practices related to its diverse constructions. Ten counselling psychologists were interviewed and a Foucauldian discourse analysis conducted, which interrogated the discursive power games implicated in these participants' accounts. The findings produced firstly identified the wider contextual cultural norms that seemed to regulate male sexuality within gendered masculinity discourses. Secondly, three distinct discursive therapeutic subject positions and their related power games were identified as talked about by these participants. Overall, it is argued that these findings indicate that for these counselling psychologists, male sexual dysfunction is a mutable, diversely power-laden, and thereby problematic, construct. Furthermore this analysis may be understood as a contribution to counselling psychology in raising practitioners' awareness to the power games in their talk about working with male sexual dysfunction.

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Nicklaus, Mark Bodnar. "Videogame use among male residents in university housing at Eastern Illinois University /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131566279.pdf.

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Tempest, Helen Ghislaine. "The association between sperm aneuploidy and male infertility : screening, aetiology and possible routes to alternative therapy." Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5555.

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One in six couples wishing to start a family are infertile. The many causes of infertility include genetic defects that can be single gene, multifactorial or chromosomal (including Y deletions, karyotype abnormalities and gamete aneuploidy). This thesis is concerned with the association between infertility and increased sperm aneuploidy. Specific questions are: should males be screened for sperm aneuploidy before intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)? Is there a relationship between individual semen parameters and sperm aneuploidy for specific chromosome pairs? What is the role of genome organisation in male gametes and its association with infertility? Whether use of alternative therapy (in this case, traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)) can be used to improve sperm disomy levels. Statistical analysis of questionnaire data revealed that infertility specialists believed there to be merit in screening sperm aneuploidy levels before ICSI. Evidence is presented for possible chromosome-specific and semen parameter specific mechanisms for sperm aneuploidy as is evidence of genome organisation that may be perturbed in infertile males. Finally, in six males studied, sperm aneuploidy levels improved significantly coincident with TCM. Closer investigation of the biological activity of individual therapeutic herbs and treatment cocktails revealed strong anti-oestrogenic and anti-oxidant properties. This suggests a possible mechanism of action of the herbs and provides the basis from which future placebo controlled clinical trials might continue. Possible criticisms of the work presented here include the unavailability of blood samples from many of the patients (thus preventing karyotype analysis) and the absence of a second control group in our studies on semen parameters. Nevertheless significant steps have been made towards establishing the need for, and the implementation of, a pre-ICSI screening test. Moreover progress has been made towards further understanding the aetiology of sperm aneuploidy and towards the implementation of a new treatment that may, ultimately, augment, or even replace ICSI.

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Ohlweiler, Lain Uriel. "Particularidades do espermatozóide e da célula somática na interação com o ooplasma: bovino como modelo na fiv e o suíno como modelo na clonagem." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/803.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The adequate embryo development depends on proper nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in the embryo. Such interactions are influenced by the donor cell type and quality of recipient oocyte on cloning, as well as by the characteristics of the sperm and the oocyte on in vitro fertilization (IVF). The first study (two experiments) investigated the effect of donor cell type (fibroblastic-like cells - FIB vs. adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cells - ADMSC), and host cytoplast (porcine reconstructed with 2 hemi-porcine cytoplasts; mosaic reconstructed with one-hemi-porcine and one hemi-bovine cytoplast; bovine reconstructed using 2 hemi-bovine cytoplasts), on development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Somatic cell cultures were established from two animals of endangered pig breeds (Mule-foot and Moura) and embryos were reconstructed by hand-made cloning and cultured for 7 days in PZM-3 medium. Mosaic and bovine groups produced lower blastocyst rates than porcine (5.5, 1.9 and 18.0%, respectively). The group ADMSC-mosaic from Moura animal showed an intermediate embryo development on porcine and bovine groups, which is higher than the FIB-mosaic group of the same animal. The percentage of fragmented blastomeres in cleaved embryos and morulas from the mosaic and bovine groups were higher than the porcine. The dynamic of fusion was different according the group of cytoplasm, as observed through mitochondria staining. In the second study (three experiments), we investigated the effect of the histones de-acethylase inhibitor Scriptaid on the in vitro development of the three groups of SCNT reconstructed embryos. Reconstructed embryos were exposed to 500 nM of Scriptaid for 12 h starting just after activation, being then cultured in PZM-3 for 7 days. The blastocyst rates in the porcine (9.2 vs. 17.3%) and mosaic (1.0 vs. 9.2%) groups were increased by Scriptaid treatment (p < 0.05), and the proportion of fragmented morulas was reduced in mosaic (p < 0.05). However, Scriptaid treatment did not increase embryo development in the bovine group. In the second study (three experiments) the influence of distinct oocyte and spermatozoa qualities in their interaction in embryo IVP by IVF was evaluate. On experiment 1 and 3 the blastocyst rates were evaluated (day 7). On experiment 2, two bulls were used for IVF with good or poor oocytes. Bull A did not show difference according the oocyte quality: good (19.8%) and poor (12.7%). Bull B showed higher blastocyst rates in good quality (25.7%) than poor quality oocytes (9.2%). On experiment 2, sperm penetrating capacity was evaluated for both bulls in oocytes of low quality, by sub-zonal sperm injection. The penetration rate observed 3h after the injection from bull A (34.0%) was lower than for bull B (44.3%) (p < 0.05). On experiment 3, both bulls were used for ICSI of good or low quality oocytes and no bull or oocyte quality effect has affected blastocyst rates. In conclusion, the use of reprogramming modulators such as Scriptaid, and alternative technologies such as ICSI are adequate to provide, at least under particular conditions, an increase in embryo development
O desenvolvimento embrionário depende da adequada interação nucleo-citoplasmática, o que é influenciado pelo tipo de célula doadora e pela qualidade do oócito receptor na clonagem, assim como por características dos espermatozóides e oócitos na fecundação in vitro (FIV). O primeiro estudo foi constituído de dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento avaliou o tipo de célula doadora de núcleo (células fibroblásticas - FIB vs. células mesenquimais derivadas de adipócitos - ADMSC), com diferentes citoplastos receptores (suíno reconstruído com dois hemi-citoplasto suínos; mosaico reconstruído com um citoplasto suíno e um citoplasto bovino; bovino reconstruído com dois hemi-citoplastos bovinos), no desenvolvimento de embriões suínos, clonados por transferência nuclear de células somáticas (TNCS). Os cultivos celulares foram estabelecidos a partir de dois suínos de raças ameaçadas de extinção (casco de mula e moura), sendo os embriões reconstruídos por clonagem manual e cultivados in vitro por 7 dias, em meio PZM-3. Os grupos mosaico e bovino apresentaram produção embrionária menor que o grupo suíno (5,5; 1,9 e 18,0%, respectivamente). O grupo ADMSC-mosaico do animal moura apresentou produção embrionária intermediaria em relação ao controle e ao bovino, e superior ao grupo FIB-mosaico do mesmo animal. A porcentagem de blastômeros fragmentados em embriões clivados e mórulas foi superior nos grupos mosaico e bovino, em relação ao grupo suíno. A dinâmica de fusão, observada conforme a migração mitocondrial entre os citoplastos, foi diferente em função do citoplasto empregado. No segundo experimento foi investigado o efeito do inibidor de desacetilases Scriptaid no desenvolvimento embrionário in vitro dos grupos suíno, mosaico e bovino, utilizando-se células fibroblastos do animal moura. Os embriões reconstruídos foram expostos a 500 nM de Scriptaid por 12 h, iniciando a partir da ativação, sendo então cultivados em PZM-3 por 7 dias. A taxa de produção de blastocistos do grupo controle (9,2 vs. 17,3%) e mosaico (1,0 vs. 9,2%) aumentou com o uso de Scriptaid (p < 0,05), enquanto a proporção de fragmentos em mórulas reduziu no grupo mosaico (9,8 vs. 2,8%) (p < 0,05). No entanto, o uso de Scriptaid não aumentou a produção embrionária no grupo bovino. No segundo estudo, constituído de três experimentos, avaliou-se a influência de distintas qualidades de gametas na produção embrionária por FIV, em bovinos. Nos experimentos 1 e 3, foram avaliadas as taxas de produção embrionária no sétimo dia de cultivo. No experimento 2, dois touros de comprovada eficiência na produção embrionária in vivtro, foram utilizados na FIV de oócitos de qualidade boa e ruim. O touro 1 não mostrou diferença na produção embrionária com oócitos de qualidade boa (19,8%) ou ruim (12,7%). O touro 2 apresentou maior produção embrionária com oócitos bons (25,7%) do que com oócitos ruins (9,2%). No experimento 2, a capacidade penetrante dos dois touros foi avaliada em oócitos de qualidade ruim através da técnica de injeção espermática sub-zonal. A taxa de penetração, observada 3 h apos a injeção, foi menor no touro 1 (34,0%) em comparação ao touro 2 (44,3%) (p < 0,05). No experimento 3, o sêmen de ambos touros foi usado para injeção intra-citplasmática de espermatozóides com oócitos de viii ambas qualidades. Não foi observado nenhum efeito de touro ou oócito na produção embrionária. Os resultados permitem concluir que o uso de moduladores da reprogramação como Scriptaid e tecnologias como a ICSI são alternativas adequadas para incrementar, ao menos em condições particulares, o desenvolvimento embrionário

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Mellalieu, Stephen D. "Identification and enhancement of pre-performance mental states in male rugby union players." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2000. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5694/.

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The purpose of this thesis was concerned with the identification of the nature and content of the pre performance affective experience of the rugby union performer, and the subsequent measurement of the efficacy of a psychological intervention strategy to enhance the precompetitive mental state. Study 1 of the thesis conducted a preliminary investigation into the overall experience of sports performers' precompetitive affect (i.e., negative/positive) and the relationship with symptoms associated with competitive anxiety through the employment of trait self-report measures. The findings highlighted the importance of maintaining favourable perceptions of anxiety in the experience of positive affect. In order to describe the nature of this positive affective state, a sport specific self-report scale was designed and validated in Study 2 within a population of competitive athletes. Study 3 used the scale to examine the content of the pre performance affective experience and the relationship with interpretations of symptoms associated with competitive anxiety. The findings identified the existence of competitive anxiety symptoms. In order to derive a comprehensive understanding of the precompetitive experience a qualitative perspective was employed in Study 4. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 international, male, rugby union players. Appropriate pre performance mental states were identified with symptoms associated with mental, physical, and technical readiness. Inappropriate pre performance mental states were symptomatic of a lack of mental, physical and technical readiness and negative experiences associated with competitive anxiety symptoms. The study also established the influence of significant others upon an individual's mental preparation for competition within the context of the team sport. A final purpose of Study 4 was to describe the psychological strategies employed by performers to achieve appropriate pre performance mental states. The study identified the employment of task-specific imagery in order to facilitate appropriate pre performance mental states. Utilising these findings, the final study of the thesis adopted a single-case design to investigate the efficacy of a task-specific imagery strategy in enhancing appropriate mental readiness for performance in 4 sub-elite rugby union players. The findings demonstrated enhancement in pre performance mental readiness across all participants. Specifically, increases in the level of mental preparation and self-confidence were identified, whilst a lower level of competitive anxiety symptoms were reported. The overall findings of the thesis have facilitated a greater understanding of the affective experiences and psychological strategies of competitive athletes prior to performing. Practical recommendations are proposed in order to facilitate the enhancement and achievement of ideal precompetitive mental states in sports performers. These outline the importance of employing structured task-specific imagery to facilitate appropriate activation states and the need to establish structured mental 'warm up' periods in the preparation for competition.

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Mattsson, Annette. "Learning by gaming : A comparison of how Swedish upper secondary male and female students learn English." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49113.

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Earlier research has suggested that online gaming can be an effective way of acquiring English as a second or foreign language. It can both increase language proficiency (vocabulary or oral proficiency) and have a positive impact on affective filters such as motivation or willingness to communicate. The present study further investigates if habitual playing of massively multiplayer online (MMO) games results in achieving higher grades in English as a foreign language (EFL) for the Swedish upper secondary students. Possible gender differences regarding the acquisition of English and grades in the subject are also investigated to see if the female students play MMOs to the same extent as the males do and if the female students’ higher grades can be connected to gaming. 78 upper secondary school students answered a questionnaire about their English-language-related activities in their spare time and their online gaming habits in particular. The students’ most recent grades in the English subject were gathered to see if the habitual gamers achieved higher grades. The results show that most of the males play MMOs and that most of the females do not. The males also engage more in other English-language-based activities in their spare time than the females do. Still, the informants’ English grades are similar between the genders. Females seem to learn more English in school and the males more in their spare time. However, the group of gamers playing MMOs 4-8 hours a week or more achieved higher grades than the rest of the student informants.

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Lööf, Jenny. "An Inquisitive Gaze: Exploring the Male Gaze and the Portrayal of Gender in Dragon Age: Inquisition." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117976.

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This paper provides an account of how a normative male gaze is produced and upheld even in a video game famed for its inclusive nature, Dragon Age: Inquisition. The analysis originates in content studies concerning the portrayal of gender in video games in relation to in-game physical gender portrayal. It is followed by a contextualization of specific video sequences and certain game mechanics in relation to Laura Mulvey’s feminist film theory about the Male Gaze. Mulvey’s film theory approach, while useful as an intellectual tool, is not developed to be applied to video games and thus it is also necessary to consider any implications related to the interactivity of the game. As characters are subjected to a gendered male gaze in relation to both their physical appearance and attributes they are made to uphold the normative status quo. The Gaze is evident in how characters are portrayed, how the main character becomes a default male character regardless of actual gender and in the construction of women as something other. But most importantly, in the actual game mechanics through which all characters become objects for the player to use either in combat or to own in the guise of offering romance to the narrative.

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Rosa-Stoffel, Deborah Kay. "A psychological study of male and female recreational soccer players." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/229.

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Mitra, Sayantan. "Arabidopsis Cohesin proteins: WAPL, CTF7 and PHD finger proteins: MMDL1, MMDL2 are essential for proper meiosis, gamete development and plant growth." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1517605898967702.

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Curtis, Matthew K. "America's Heroes and Darlings: The Media Portrayal of Male and Female Athletes During the 2014 Sochi Games." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4078.

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It has been well documented that female athletes receive much less media attention than male athletes, with estimates placing coverage of male athletes at 95% of all sport-related media (Coakley, 1986). While not to that extent, studies focusing on media portrayals of Olympic athletes also confirm that the media dedicates the majority of coverage to male athletes (Duncan, 1990; Duncan & Hasbrook, 1988; Hambrick, Simmons, Greenhalgh, & Greenwell, 2010; Higgs, Weiller, & Martin, 2003; Lee, 1992; Kinnick, 1998; Pfister, 1978). Some evidence suggests that media coverage of female athletes and the recognition of their achievements are slowly increasing (Higgs et al., 2003; Kinnick, 1998). While the aforementioned studies show many of the same results, no recent research on the subject was found. The majority of past research has focused on summer Olympians specifically, and no studies were found looking at the past five Olympic Games. This study will add to the literature by providing new data to compare to that of previous studies. The author conducted a content analysis, looking at six online media outlets, and selecting 100 athlete profiles. The profiles were coded for any reference to the physical/emotional or strength/weakness characteristics of the athlete. The author analyzed the data using SPSS. Findings show no statistically significant relationships between gender and athlete characteristics, suggesting noticeable improvements in the quality and quantity of media coverage for female athletes when compared to previous studies.

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Suarez, Juan M. "Emotional Intelligence and its Link to Aggressive Cognition and Aggressive Affect Generated by Violent Video Game Use of Male Undergraduates." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1452010918.

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Schwarz, Simone. "A sporting difference? : A comparative analysis of the media portrayal of male and female athletes during the Olympic Games 201." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143968.

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The underrepresentation of sportswomen in all forms of news coverage has been widely acknowledged by feminist media scholars. However, some researchers claim that there is a shift towards greater gender equality of sports media coverage, especially during the Olympic Games. In light of such studies, the present study examined the quantitative and qualitative media representations of male and female athletes in six German news media outlets during the Olympic Games 2016. The empirical analysis focused on the coverage of the German men’s and women’s hockey team. In contrast to previous studies, the chosen example represents a special case, since on the factual level, hockey can be seen as a gender equal sport, because hockey is played by men and women equally in Germany and both teams won the bronze medal at the Olympics 2016. Content analysis and feminist critical discourse analyses were used to examine in what ways the media portrays male and female hockey players differently and thereby plays a part in the ideological construction of gender. The study found that, although the selected German media outlets gave more coverage to the hockey women than sportswomen usually receive, the coverage was filled with narratives based on hegemonic masculinity that produces striking contrasts between the female and male hockey players. Results show that the media was more likely to minimize the athleticism of the hockey women, by comparing them to the men’s team, including non-sport relevant information or emphasizing their traditional gender roles as wives and mothers. Moreover, the coverage of the female hockey players typically employed expressions which imitate femininity, whereas the language used to report on the male athletes contained power descriptors, conforming to the hegemonic notions of masculinity. Thus, the media reporting produces gender differences and naturalizes a gender hierarchy in which sportswomen are represented as inferior.

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Powell, Cecil Lamonte. "College men's psychological and physiological responses associated with violent video game play." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04212008-155443/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Dominic Parrott, committee chair; Tracie Stewart, Cynthia Hoffner, Heather Kleider, Eric Vanman, committee members. Electronic text (94 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 2, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-88).

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Bäcke, Maria. "Power Games : Rules and Roles in Second Life." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00496.

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This study investigates how the members of four different role-playing communities on the online platform Second Life perform social as well as dramatic roles within their community. The trajectories of power influencing these roles are my main focus. Theoretically I am relying primarily on performance studies scholar Richard Schechner, sociologist Erving Goffman, and post-structuralists Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Felìx Guattari. My methodological stance has its origin primarily within literature studies using text analysis as my preferred method, but I also draw on the (cyber)ethnographical works of primarily T.L. Taylor, Celia Pearce, and Mikael Jakobsson. In this dissertation my focus is the relationship of the role-player to their chosen role especially in terms of the boundary between being in character, and as such removed from ”reality,” and the popping out of character, which instead highlights the negotiations of the social, sometimes make-belief, roles. Destabilising and problematising the dichotomy between the notion of the online as virtual and the offline as real, as well as the idea that everything is ”real” regardless of context, my aim is to understand role-play in a digital realm in a new way, in which two modes of performance, dramatic and social, take place in a digital context online — or inworld as many SL residents call it.

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Junglert, Johanna. "”He made you look desirable!” : En komparativ studie av maktförhållanden i The Hunger Games och Divergent." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242525.

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Faure, Catherine. "Parametres physiologiques de l'emission et de l'activation des gametes males de deux mollusques bivalves la coquille saint-jacques pecten maximus (l. ) et l'huitre creuse crassostrea gigas (thunberg)." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077052.

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Deux parametres physiologiques representatifs de l'activation des spermatozoides sont mesures chez deux mollusques bivalves aquacoles, la coquille saint-jacques pecten maximus et l'huitre creuse crassostrea gigas. La respiration et la mobilite des gametes males sont ainsi estimees en fonction des moyens d'obtention du sperme et des principales caracteristiques physico-chimiques du milieu de dilution. Le pouvoir fecondant et l'ultrastructure des spermatozoides ainsi que certaines caracteristiques des liquides et tissus physiologiques environnant les cellules sexuelles sont egalement etudies dans differentes conditions experimentales. Chez p. Maximus, les parametres decrits dependent des conditions d'obtention du sperme, alors que chez c. Gigas, les conditions de prelevement n'induisent aucune variation de ces parametres. Par ailleurs, il apparait qu'une diminution du ph de l'eau de mer entraine une diminution de la capacite des spermatozoides a respirer et a se deplacer pour les deux especes. L'absence de na#+ dans l'eau de mer entraine des consequences identiques pour p. Maximus seulement. L'augmentation de la concentration en k#+ (200 mm) presente au contraire un effet activateur, uniquement chez c. Gigas. Ces resultats permettent de preciser la nature des mecanismes qui accompagnent la repression, puis l'activation des spermatozoides (respiration, nage, fecondation) au cours de leur dilution dans l'eau de mer. Chez p. Maximus, la consommation en oxygene, la mobilite et le pouvoir fecondant sont fortement lies et une alcalinisation cellulaire semble necessaire a l'activation des gametes males. Chez c. Gigas, aucune relation stricte n'a pu etre mise en evidence entre les parametres decrits. Chez cette espece, le potassium pourrait etre implique dans l'activation

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DiSalvo, Elizabeth (Betsy). "Glitch game testers: the design and study of a learning environment for computational production with young African American males." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43646.

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The implementation of a learning environment for young African American males, called the Glitch Game Testers, was launched in 2009. The development of this program was based on formative work that looked at the contrasting use of digital games between young African American males and individuals who chose to become computer science majors. Through analysis of cultural values and digital game play practices, the program was designed to intertwine authentic game development practices and computer science learning. The resulting program employed 25 African American male high school students to test pre-release digital games full-time in the summer and part-time in the school year, with an hour of each day dedicated to learning introductory computer science. Outcomes for persisting in computer science education are remarkable; of the 16 participants who had graduated from high school as of 2012, 12 have gone on to school in computing-related majors. These outcomes, and the participants' enthusiasm for engaging in computing, are in sharp contrast to the crisis in African American male education and learning motivation. The research presented in this dissertation discusses the formative research that shaped the design of Glitch, the evaluation of the implementation of Glitch, and a theoretical investigation of the way in which participants navigated conflicting motivations in learning environments.

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Silva, Reynaldo Otero da 1962. "Kinderstadt - A cidade das crianças : uma escola de vida." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254171.

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Orientador: Márcia Maria Strazzacappa Hernandez
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O objetivo geral desta dissertação é o de analisar a proposta do trabalho original da Kinderstadt - A cidade das crianças -, por sua relevância como instrumento transformador da realidade em seus múltiplos aspectos. A Cidade das Crianças, realizada bianualmente desde 1990 na cidade de Bolzano, Itália, se caracteriza como um espaço de educação não-formal e terão destaque no trabalho atividades realizadas no setor Tanzshule - Escola de dança. Dentre os objetivos específicos, busca-se compreender (i) a relação entre a simulação do real, pela brincadeira, e os processos de aprendizagem; (ii) como se desenvolvem valores culturais, psicológicos, políticos e éticos, que começam a ser formados na infância e que orientam a vida dos cidadãos na fase adulta e (iii) contribuir para a reflexão crítica acerca de metodologias que possam tornar a escola um espaço que aproxima o ensino à vida real, por meio de atividades que sejam significativas para as crianças
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the conception of the original work of Kinderstadt ¿ Children¿s City ¿ due to its relevance as an instrument capable to transform the reality in its multiple aspects. The Children¿s City, biannually held since 1990 in the city of Bolzano, Italy, is characterized as a non-formal education environment and also highlights the work and activities in Tanzshule sector - Dance School. Among the main goals, aims to understand (i) the relation between the simulation of the reality and learning by games; (ii) how cultural, psychological, political and ethical values, which begin to be formed in childhood and that guide the lives of citizens in adulthood, develops and (iii) to contribute to the critical analysis of methodologies that can make the school an environment that brings education to real life, through activities that are meaningful to children
Mestrado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Mestre em Educação

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Moraes, Vera Lúcia Rodrigues de. "Os jogos cooperativos nas ações do Programa A União faz a Vida, na região do Médio Alto Uruguai/RS." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1959.

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O estudo em questão objetiva investigar o impacto que os Jogos Cooperativos, nas ações do Programa A União a Vida, vem produzindo nos saberes e nas práticas docentes dos professores do ensino público da Região do Médio Alto Uruguai/RS, na perspectiva deste coletivo docente. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro municípios, que implantaram o programa até 2004, do qual o resultado apresenta-se a médio/longo prazo. Os pressupostos que circunscreveram a pesquisa são: a) vivemos tempos de pautas sociais que têm potencializado posições individuais e fragilizado a escola, como espaço de experiências significativas de aprendizagem; b) os “jogos cooperativos” expressam uma experiência em “pedagogia da cooperação”; c) os docentes significam suas práticas, a partir da própria experiência; d) motivações e desafios advindos de espaços localizados fora dos muros do sistema oficial de ensino podem modificar saberes e práticas docentes sempre que os incluam em todo o processo. Os marcos teóricos que sustentam a concepção de Jog
The study in objective question to investigate the impact that the Cooperative Games, in the actions of the Program the Union the Life, comes producing in knowing them and the practical professors of the professors of the public education of the Region of the High Medium Uruguai/RS, in the perspective of this collective professor. The research was carried through in four cities, that had implanted the program up to 2004, of which the result presents average it/long stated period. Estimated that they had circumscribed the research is: a) we live times of social guidelines that have potencializado position individual and fragilizado the school, as space of significant experiences of learning; b) the “cooperative games” express an experience in “pedagogia of the cooperation”; c) the practical professors mean its, from the proper experience; d) motivations and happened challenges of spaces located outside of the walls of the official system of education can modify to know and practical professors whenever they al

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Zijlstra, Peter, and Christiaan Visser. "Developing Business Models in the Video Game Industry : An evaluation to strategic choices made by small and medium-sized development studios." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18618.

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Digitalization has given rise to new opportunities for small and medium-sized video game development studios. No longer bound by physical products and creative restrains, the de-veloper has been empowered with independency. This qualitative study is aimed to under-stand how a development studio develops their business model and how underlying strate-gy is formulated. Additionally we evaluate the degree of innovativeness of the business model in terms of radical and incremental innovation according to Damanpour (1991). To achieve this we present a comprehensive literature review as to gain a more theoretical un-derstanding of industry mechanics and to be able to comprehend reasoning behind existing business models. We structure the dynamics of the business model by analyzing nine busi-ness model aspects as suggested by Osterwalder, Pigneur and Clark (2010). Following our theoretical framework we gain practical input from four separate case studies. An interpret-ative research method is used to gain better understanding of reasoning and choices made. We interpret our findings following a narrative approach which shows that the digitaliza-tion has preluded a paradigm shift in the sense that development studios have started to adopt activities otherwise performed by key partners. As barriers dissipate small and me-dium-sized development studios try to make sense of the current industry, but struggle in doing so. Having to reinvent themselves we conclude that a focus towards creating thicker customer relationships is considered and the idea of seeing games as a service is acknowl-edged to depict the future of the industry. The conclusions of this study contribute to both academic science and industry practice.

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32

Kangasniemi, Jasmine. "Hon som huvudroll : En komparativ studie av Lara Croft, Bayonetta, Emily Kaldwin och Billie Lurk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385207.

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The aim of this essay is to examine how Lara Croft, Bayonetta, Emily Kaldwin and Billie Lurk have been portrayed in their respective games. The questions at issue have examined how these four characters have been portrayed by their appearance on the cover of their games and how they’ve been depicted in gameplay. A comparative study has been used to compare how the design on the characters have been differentiated not only from each other but also from the male characters in each game. The essay has also examined what the sex and gender identity have been of the character’s creators and if they’ve motivated their character designs. An analysis has been made to establish if there has been a male gaze present in the design process and the game and if this has led to the character’s being sexualized. Judith Butler’s performativity theory has been used for this essay along with Laura Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze as well as an intersectional approach according to Kimberlé Crenshaw. Lara Croft, Bayonetta and Emily Kaldwin are shown to break gender codes while still upholding some of them; Billie Lurk is the only one that totally breaks with them and creates a sort of a “new woman”, as she not only breaks the Madonna-and-the-Whore-complex in which each of the other three can be put in. Billie Lurk and Emily Kaldwin are the only female characters which can be seen as not sexualized or steered by the male gaze, but instead they give the gamer an opportunity to live the characters’ stories through them with the first-person-shooter-view. Lara Croft from the games before Tomb Raider (2013) and Bayonetta are clearly sexualized female characters that are controlled by male desire and the male gaze. As these two games are played from a third-person-view it gives the gamer the power to control these women, putting them under the gamer’s will.

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Resende, Augusto Cezar Romero de. "Área profissional e processo da tomada de consciência: análise microgenética do jogo torre de Hanói." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6660.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Augusto 2004.pdf: 643880 bytes, checksum: 5a4e98d5fbe4c91397d5d329666a523a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-05-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta pesquisa investigou, numa abordagem microgenética, a influência de duas áreas profissionais no processo de tomada de consciência das estratégias e dos procedimentos utilizados por universitários na resolução de um problema contido em um jogo de regras. Participaram do estudo quinze estudantes do curso de Engenharia Civil e quinze do curso de Psicologia. O instrumento de investigação utilizado foi o jogo Torre de Hanói, cujo objetivo é transportar uma torre de n discos da coluna inicial para a coluna de destino, passando por uma coluna intermediária. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três etapas, a saber: etapa 1 - abrangendo tentativas de resolução do problema contido nas torres com 2, 3, 4 e 5 discos, seguidas do registro das jogadas em um protocolo; etapa 2 - compreendendo o preenchimento de um quadro por meio do qual se podiam analisar as regularidades entre o número de deslocamentos de cada disco e o número total de deslocamentos em cada torre; etapa 3 - envolvendo uma entrevista com base em um roteiro contendo questões sobre as estratégias utilizadas. Para analisar o processo de tomada de consciência, caracterizado pela relação entre o fazer e o compreender, foram elaborados seis níveis evolutivos (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIC e III). Os principais resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que, em relação ao fazer, a maioria dos participantes (60%) resolveu o problema contido em todas as torres. No entanto constatou-se que, enquanto a maioria dos estudantes de Engenharia Civil (80%) obteve êxito pleno, ou seja, solucionou o problema contido nas quatro torres com número mínimo de deslocamentos, a maioria dos de Psicologia (60%) obteve êxito parcial, isto é, resolveu o problema contido em algumas torres com um número mínimo de movimentos, e em outras, com número excedente de deslocamentos. No plano do compreender, verificou-se que a maioria dos alunos de Psicologia (66,7%) coordenou pelo menos duas estratégias por meio das conceituações, enquanto a maior parte dos de Engenharia Civil (53,3%) não conseguiu coordenar nenhuma. Quanto ao processo de tomada de consciência, os resultados mostraram que 33,34% dos alunos de Psicologia se encontravam no nível IIA, ou seja, alcançaram êxito parcial no nível do fazer e uma compreensão parcial do problema, enquanto 46,66% dos alunos de Engenharia Civil se encontravam no nível IIC, isto é, atingiram êxito pleno no nível do fazer e uma compreensão parcial do sistema contido no jogo.
This research investigated, with a microgenetics approach, the influence of two professional areas in the process of conscience building of the strategies and the procedures utilized by university students in the resolution of a problem contained in a game of rules. Participated in the study fifteen civil engineering students and fifteen psychology students. The instrument of investigation utilized was the Hanoi Tower game, which has the objective of transporting a tower of "n" discs from the initial column to another column, passing through an intermediary column. The research developed in three stages, as follows: stage 1 - grouping trials of resolution of the problem contained in towers with 2, 3, 4, and 5 discs, followed by the recording of the plays in a protocol; stage 2 - comprehending the construction of a table from which the regularities between the number of displacements of each disc and the total number of displacements in each tower; stage 3 - involving an interview based on a script containing questions about the utilized strategies. To analyze the process of conscience building, characterized by the relation between the do and the understand, six evolutionary levels (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIC and III) The main results obtained allowed to verify that, with respect to doing, most of the participants (60%) solved the problem contained in all towers. However, it was noticed that, while most of the Civil Engineering students (80%) achieved complete success, that is, solved the problem contained in the four towers with a minimum number of displacements, most of the psychology students (60%) achieved partial success, that is, solved the problem contained in some towers with a minimum number of movements and, for other towers, with an extra number of displacements. With respect to comprehending, it was verified that most of the psychology students (66,7%) coordinated at least two strategies by means of conceptualizing, while the majority of the engineering majors (53,3%) was not able to coordinate any. With respect to the process of conscience building, the results showed that 33,34% of the psychology students were classified on level IIA, meaning that they achieved partial success in doing and partial comprehension of the problem, while 46,66% of the Civil Engineering were classified on level IIC, that is, achieved complete success in doing and a partial comprehension of the system contained in the game.

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Juarez, Gonzalez Naun Rodrigo. "ART/CONSCIOUSNESS SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION AND ITS CORRELATION." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-61.

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This essay is more or less a very boring analog game in paper, which is trying to find the similitude between ART and CONSCIOUSNESS, as well as the boundaries of legality of taking over or stealing someone else's work. The dynamic of this game of mine starts by choosing a lecture of any research and change some keywords to create a new research. The format of this essay suggests an interaction and will need an interaction of the reader with the essay itself in order to add more concepts and could make it more personal and transform the main subject of this essay. It does not necessarily have to be an art topic, so it is very open to any personal interest. There are no rules of this game, you can change the subject, the actors, the author or try to change it back to the original lecture. Everything is possible; at the end the reader could acquire by signing this essay or theory.
[I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "YSO":] YSO explore metaphysical information in order to expand the idea of Art and consciousness, which experience and perception are both essential as a part of the information processing. Condensing this information to be able to exchange it on different states the Meta, Virtual and physical state. The formal aesthetic display of YSO is an interpretation of the different inputs objects or data that will or could construct an assumption with deliberate inputs through the senses to be able to interpret the correlation between Art and Consciousness. Material: Freezer, pick-up car, silicon form, water, wood, plastic sheet, tv, ice machine, media player and paint. Teknik: Installation/video/variable. Längd på video: 01:54:00.

The video, essay and installation is a unit and represent different states of consciousness and non-physical matter's reality (nonphysical-matter Reality) and all of these contribute to the information.

Examensarbetet består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Alternativ titel anger namnet förden gestaltande delen.

The master work includes a written essay and a forming part. The alternative title is the name of the forming part.

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Pereira, Sara Catarina Fernandes. "Novel Biomarkers for metabolic inheritance of obesity through male gametes." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65323.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Bioquímica Aplicada (área de especialização em Biomedicina)
Obesity-related genes (ORG) have been pointed out as causes for an overweight/obese phenotype, suggesting that children born from obese parents could have a genetic predisposition to develop metabolic disorders. This project aimed to unveil molecular mechanisms related with the inheritance of an overweight/obese phenotype through sperm. We hypothesized that ORG, Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), Fat mass and obesity (FTO), Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 (GNPDA2), and Transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) were present and could have a role in Sertoli cells (SCs) and sperm physiology. In addition, we also proposed that ORG expression was important for embryo development, being correlated with pregnancy rates in couples seeking paternity through medical-assisted reproduction treatments. We identified the expression of MC4R, TMEM18, GNPDA2, FTO, and respective proteins, in human SCs. We further identified the expression of MC4R, GNPDA2, FTO, and respective proteins, in human spermatozoa. First, we evaluated if ORG expression in SCs responded to hormonal dysregulation associated with obesity. SCs were treated with increasing doses of obesity-related hormones, leptin, ghrelin, and glucagon-like protein 1 (GLP-1), mimicking the hormonal levels reported in undernourished, normal, obese and severely obese individuals. The expression of GNPDA2 and TMEM18 was increased after exposure to the highest concentration of leptin and ghrelin, respectively. Afterward, we investigated if the abundance of ORG could be associated with the overweight/obesity effects in sperm quality and embryo development. Paternal age and body mass index were not correlated with the abundance of ORG in spermatozoa. However, the expression MC4R and FTO was correlated with sperm quality through sperm viability (r=-0.3111) and total sperm count (r=0.5042), respectively. Furthermore, the expression of FTO was also correlated with embryo quality, particularly with the fertilization rate (r= 0.4751), embryo cleavage rate (r= 0.6530), and high-quality embryo rate (r= 0.6544). The expression of MC4R in spermatozoa was also correlated with the biochemical pregnancy rate (r= 0.4502), a parameter that is associated with the initiation of the implantation process by the embryo. In sum, the abundance of ORG in spermatozoa was associated with relevant parameters of sperm quality and with the clinical success of assisted reproduction techniques. Further studies are necessary to unveil the role of these ORG in spermatozoa and Sertoli cells.
Os genes relacionados à obesidade (ORG) têm sido apontados como causas de um fenótipo de sobrepeso e/ou obesidade, sugerindo que crianças nascidas de pais obesos possuem uma maior predisposição para desenvolver distúrbios metabólicos. Este projeto investigou mecanismos moleculares relacionados com a transmissão de um fenótipo de sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. Foi colocada a hipótese de que os ORG, recetor de melanocortina-4 (MC4R), gene de obesidade e de massa de gordura associada (FTO), glucosamina-6-fosfato deaminase 2 (GNPDA2) e proteína transmembranar 18 (TMEM18) são fatores importantes nas células de Sertoli (SCs) e espermatozoides. Propusemos também que a expressão destes ORG poderia estar relacionada com o desenvolvimento embrionário e taxa de gravidez de casais em tratamentos de reprodução medicamente assistida. Neste trabalho, identificamos a expressão de FTO, MC4R, TMEM18 e GNPDA2 e respetivas proteínas em SCs humanas. Identificamos ainda a expressão de FTO, MC4R, GNPDA2 e respetivas proteínas em espermatozoides humanos. De seguida, avaliamos se a expressão de ORG nas SCs respondia a hormonas associadas à obesidade, tratando as células com doses crescentes de leptina, grelina e glucagon-like protein (GLP-1), mimetizando níveis hormonais relatados em indivíduos desnutridos, normais, obesos e gravemente obesos. A expressão de GNPDA2 e TMEM18 aumentou após tratamento das SCs com as concentrações mais elevadas de leptina e grelina, respetivamente. De seguida, investigamos se a expressão de ORG poderia estar relacionada com a qualidade espermática e o desenvolvimento do embrião. Verificamos que a idade paterna e o índice de massa corporal (BMI) não se correlacionam com a expressão de ORG em espermatozoides. No entanto, a expressão de MC4R e FTO está correlacionada com a viabilidade espermática (r= -0.3111) e contagem total de espermatozoides (r=0.5042), respetivamente. A expressão de FTO está também correlacionada com a qualidade do embrião, particularmente com a taxa de fertilização (r= 0.4751), a taxa de clivagem do embrião (r= 0,6530) e a taxa de embriões de alta qualidade (r= 0.6544). A expressão de MC4R nos espermatozoides também está correlacionada com a taxa de gravidez bioquímica (r= 0.4502), um parâmetro associado ao início do processo de implantação pelo embrião. Em suma, a abundância de ORG no espermatozoide mostrou estar associada a parâmetros relevantes da qualidade do esperma e associada ao sucesso clínico das técnicas de reprodução medicamente assistida. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para desvendar o papel desses ORG nos espermatozoides e SCs.

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Pitamber, Punita Navnital. "Methylation profiling of paternally imprinted loci in male gametes following alcohol exposure." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15891.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (F AS), the most severe form of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (F ASD), has traditionally been associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. However, a number of animal studies have shown an association between paternal preconception alcohol consumption and developmental abnormalities in the offspring that resemble the features of F AS. Dysregulation of epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation) in the presence of alcohol may provide a plausible mechanism by which paternal alcohol consumption could result in offspring affected with features of F AS. Imprinted genes are expressed in a parentof- origin manner due to DNA methylation at distinct differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and are essential for normal embryonic development. There are only two known paternally methylated DMRs in humans, with an additional one described in mice - associated with Rasgrfl. The first aim of this study was to determine whether the human RASGRFl gene contains a DMR and whether this DMR is paternally methylated. In order to assess the imprint status of RASGRF 1, a number of computational assessments were done to identify key features of imprinted loci. Pyrosequencing analysis was used to assess the methylation status of various CpO islands surrounding RASGRFi in peripheral blood and sperm DNA samples. The RASGRF i-associated CpO regions were not found to exhibit differential methylation in a parent-of-origin manner. The second aIm of the study was to examine the effect of paternal alcohol consumption on the methylation status of the IG-DMR locus in male gametes and to detennine whether alcohol is correlated with methylation in a dose-dependant manner. Methylation assessment was done using the quantitative pyrosequencing technology. While an overall reduction in methylation was noted in males who consumed alcohol after adjusting for confounding variables, the amount of alcohol consumed did not correlate with overall methylation. When analyzed by individual CpG sites, alcohol consumption was found to correlate preferentially with demethylation at CpG 3 while alcohol-dosage preferentially correlated with demethylation at CpG 7. Age was significantly correlated with an increase in the overall methylation at JG-DMR and at individual sites within JG-DMR. In conclusion, these findings support the hypothesis that paternal preconception alcohol consumption can lead to hypomethylation of nonnally hypennethylated DMRs of specific imprinted genes in human spenn. This in tum could have significant implications with regard to the regulation of developmentally significant genes in the zygote and fetus, resulting in developmental, behavioral and neurocognitive disorders.

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Ortiz, Rodomiro. "Efficiency of potato breeding using 2n gametes male sterility and 2n pollen in 4x potato /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24450838.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1991.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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38

Areias, João Carlos Oliveira. "Motivations and attitudes of men towards male gamete donation: donate to whom and why?" Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129403.

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O alargamento da Procriação Medicamente Assistida (PMA) a todas as mulheres e o levantamento do anonimato da doação enfatizou a escassez de dadores, em Portugal. Foram exploradas motivações para doar, atitudes face ao anonimato e atitudes face a doar para grupos específicos por parte de homens aptos a doar gâmetas, entre os 18 e 40 anos (N = 282). Explorou-se ainda a relação entre estas motivações e atitudes e as caraterísticas psicológicas e sociodemográficas dos participantes, incluindo a sua orientação sexual. Os participantes reportaram razões altruístas para doar, mostraram atitudes positivas face ao anonimato e maior preferência a doar a mulher inférteis. Porém, no caso de homens heterossexuais, menos educados e mais novos, a motivação para doar para estava mais relacionada com a certificação acerca da própria fertilidade; os últimos tenderam, ainda, a defender que os pais que recorrem a PMA devem divulgar, à criança, as suas origens. Relativamente às variáveis psicológicas, a Conscienciosidade mostrou-se positivamente associada a "saber se sou fértil ou não". A preocupação empática evidenciou uma associação positiva com "ajudar alguém a ter um filho" e com atitudes positivas face à doação, independentemente da orientação sexual, fertilidade ou estado civil dos recetores. Valores de conservação mostraram-se positivamente associados a "compensação financeira" e "saber se sou fértil ou não". Uma maior adesão a valores religiosos mostrou-se negativamente associada a "ajudar alguém a ter um filho" e a atitudes positivas face à doação para todas as pessoas. As campanhas de recrutamento de dadores devem considerar as motivações, as atitudes e as características de potenciais dadores; a parentalidade deve ser vista como um direito universal, e a doação deve ser incentivada, independentemente do estatuto de fertilidade dos recetores; informações claras sobre o anonimato da doação poderão também ser fornecidas.

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39

Areias, João Carlos Oliveira. "Motivations and attitudes of men towards male gamete donation: donate to whom and why?" Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129403.

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O alargamento da Procriação Medicamente Assistida (PMA) a todas as mulheres e o levantamento do anonimato da doação enfatizou a escassez de dadores, em Portugal. Foram exploradas motivações para doar, atitudes face ao anonimato e atitudes face a doar para grupos específicos por parte de homens aptos a doar gâmetas, entre os 18 e 40 anos (N = 282). Explorou-se ainda a relação entre estas motivações e atitudes e as caraterísticas psicológicas e sociodemográficas dos participantes, incluindo a sua orientação sexual. Os participantes reportaram razões altruístas para doar, mostraram atitudes positivas face ao anonimato e maior preferência a doar a mulher inférteis. Porém, no caso de homens heterossexuais, menos educados e mais novos, a motivação para doar para estava mais relacionada com a certificação acerca da própria fertilidade; os últimos tenderam, ainda, a defender que os pais que recorrem a PMA devem divulgar, à criança, as suas origens. Relativamente às variáveis psicológicas, a Conscienciosidade mostrou-se positivamente associada a "saber se sou fértil ou não". A preocupação empática evidenciou uma associação positiva com "ajudar alguém a ter um filho" e com atitudes positivas face à doação, independentemente da orientação sexual, fertilidade ou estado civil dos recetores. Valores de conservação mostraram-se positivamente associados a "compensação financeira" e "saber se sou fértil ou não". Uma maior adesão a valores religiosos mostrou-se negativamente associada a "ajudar alguém a ter um filho" e a atitudes positivas face à doação para todas as pessoas. As campanhas de recrutamento de dadores devem considerar as motivações, as atitudes e as características de potenciais dadores; a parentalidade deve ser vista como um direito universal, e a doação deve ser incentivada, independentemente do estatuto de fertilidade dos recetores; informações claras sobre o anonimato da doação poderão também ser fornecidas.

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40

Cowburn, I. Malcolm. "Constructive Work with male sex offenders:male forms of life, language, games and change." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2851.

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No
Acknowledgements. Contributors. Prologue, Jeremy Cameron. 1. Constructive Work with `Offenders': Setting the Scene, Kevin Gorman, Patrick O'Byrne and Nigel Parton. 2. Collaborative and Constructive Frontline Practice with Offenders in a Climate of `Tough Love' and `Third Way' Politics, Bill Jordan. 3. The Offender as Citizen: Socially Inclusive Strategies for Working with Offenders Within the Community, Marilyn Gregory. 4. Constructing Safety: A Collaborative Approach to Managing Risk and Building Responsibility, Michelle Hayles. 5. The Constructive Use of Courtroom Skills and Enforcement to Achieve Client Co-operation and Change, Geoff Kenure. 6. Constructing a Convincing Narrative: The Art of Persuasive Storytelling within the Tight Constraints of Formal Pre-sentence Assessments for the Criminal Courts, Kevin Gorman. 7. Dangerous Constructions: Black Offenders in the Criminal Justice System, Lena Dominelli. 8. Constructive Work with Women Offenders - A Probation in Prison Perspective, Sue Carless. 9. Constructive Work with Male Sex Offenders: Male Forms of Life, Language Games and Change, Malcolm Cowburn. 10. Dispensing With Justice: Young People's Views of the Criminal Justice System, Monica Barry. 11. Offenders `R' Us, Marilyn Gregory with Kevin Gorman, Michelle Hayles and Nigel Parton. Epilogue, Jeremy Cameron. Index

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41

Gao, Lyu-Sing, and 高旅星. "A Study on “Role Language” -Particular Focus on Male Characters’ Expressions of Games-." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21095078781165708839.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
日本語文學研究所
102
In the Japanese creation, it is possible to use different words and terms to render characters’ features. This phenomenon can be explained by the concept called “Role Language (yakuwarigo)”, which was advocated by Osaka University Professor Satoshi Kinsui. So far most of the studies on Role Language were to study some expressions having a strong characteristic, such as the studies on elderlies’, socialites’, militaries’, infants’, tsundere characters’, foreign characters’ Role Language. As far as the researchers can see, comprehensive studies collecting some vague Role Language are still rare. The purpose of this study is to clarify the still-vague Role Language. In the respect of subjects, this paper focused on personal pronouns. In the respect of predicates, this paper focused on sentence ending particles, request expressions and imperative expressions. This paper attempts to discover the relationship between various words or terms and the characters’ feature.. In this research, scope of the investigation is limited to otome games, story-based video games that is targeted towards a female market. The focus of the investigation is on the expressions of male characters in a series of the otome games, “Tokimeki Memorial Girl’s Side”. Based on the features of expressions observed in the scope, this paper analyzed what kind of character has the image related to those expressions, and then studied male characters’ Role Language comprehensively. In the study on first person pronouns, “boku” and “ore”, the images of male characters can be divided into two major tendencies, including the more feminine and more mild one (called “Soft” in this study), and the more rough and more manly one (called “Hard” in this study). “Boku” has a “Soft” image, whereas “ore” has a “Hard” image. The image of “watashi” is relatively close to “Soft”, but more importantly, “watashi” has its own images of “adults, teachers, leaders”. In the study on second person pronouns, “omae” has a “Hard” image, especially with a strong image of sports and physicality. “kimi” has a “Soft” image, especially with a strong image of artists and intelligence. “anata” has the more “Soft”image, and an comparatively introverted image. In the study on sentence ending particles, the image varies with the frequency of different sentence ending particles. It can be divided into the “NA Type”, which the frequency of using “NA” is higher than “NE”, and the “NE Type”,which the frequency of using “NE” is higher than “NA”. Most of the characters having a “Hard” image is “NA Type”, and most of the characters having a “Soft” image is “NE Type”. When analyzing the Role Language of request expressions and imperative expressions, the character who has a specially high usage rate of the imperative form of general verbs, has “Hard” image; the character who has a higher usage rate of “TE KUDASAI” or “TE” in short, has “Soft” image. There are other words and expressions linked to various images. Broadly speaking, if which image (“Hard” or “Soft”) a male character has is known, some expressions can be associated with the character. After using another otome game to verify the results of this paper, it is observable that when the characters have the same features, they will possibly use the same expressions and speaking style regardless of different creations and writers.That is Role Language. When we want to translate a dialogue into Japanese, or when we want to add some features to a character’s speaking, this kind of data about Role Language is very useful in writing character’s Japanese dialogue. The knowledge of Role Language also plays an important role in choosing the speaking style we want to use to show a personality image to others.

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42

Chen, Yu-Nong, and 陳雨農. "Cryopreservation of Male Gamete of Marine Vertebrate and Invertebrate — Studies in Porcupine Fish (Diodon holocanthus) and White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17939391512103896943.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
96
Cryopreservation is a well-known technology in which liquid nitrogen (-196℃) is used as refrigerant to maintain functional biomaterial sample during long-term preservation. Different species, various quality and concentration of sperm may cause different result of biochemical or physiology function of cryoprotectants. Kinds and concentration of extender, kinds and concentration of cryoprotectant, equilibration time, freezing method, freezing rate and thawing rate are major factors to cause impact on the performance of cryopreserved-thawed of sperm. In this study, experiments on cryopreservation of male gamete of marine vertebrate and invertebrate, porcupine fish (Diodon holocanthus) and white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were conducted by examining the effect of major factors one after one. Due to the fact of different viability patterns of sperm in two experimental species, viability index for movable sperm in porcupine fish and viability percentage for nonmovable sperm in white shrimp were recorded and compared between pre- and post freezing milt respectively. The first part of this study resulted in establishment of the optimal cryopreservation method of milt in porcupine fish including favorable kind and concentration of extender, cryoprotectant and functional freezing protocol. Milt was treated with normal saline extender, 10% DMSO as cryoprotectant, frozen in program freezer (PLANER，KRYO 10 Series II) using protocol MF1 (sample was frozen at -5℃/min till 4℃, then at -10℃/min to -30℃, finally at -20℃/min to -140℃ before quenching in LN2) and thawed at 25℃ water bath. Post-thawing viability index 2 minutes after such a treatment was 2.10. The second best was in the group that milt was treated with normal saline extender, 15% DMSO as cryoprotectant, frozen using protocol MF3 (sample was frozen at -20℃/min to -100℃ before quenching in LN2), and thawed at 25℃ water bath. Post-thawing viability index after 2 minutes was 2.05. The second part of this study resulted in establishment of the optimal cryopreservation method of spermatophores in white shrimp including favorable kind and concentration of extender, cryoprotectant and feasible freezing protocol. In the best group, spermatophores were treated with Ca-F saline as extender, 5% DMSO as cryoprotectant, equilibrated for 30 minutes at room temperature, frozen at the rate of -2℃/min to -80℃ followed by holding for 2 minutes before quenching in liquid nitrogen (-196℃), and finally thawed at 30℃ water bath. The sperm viability percentage in such a group averaged 34.4±3.4%. The second best was in the group that spermatophores was frozen at the rate of -1℃/min, the sperm viability percentage reached 33.3±3.9%. With the purpose to carry out long-term storage of spermatophores of white shrimp, the viability percentage of sham control group using 5% DMSO as cryoprotectant and being equilibrated for 30 minutes at room temperature was 49.5±8.3%. The viability percentage on the first day was 44.3±6.6% and decreased slightly as time elapsed. It ranged between 33% and 37% from the second to 70th day. According to this study, the optimal protocols to cryopreserve sperm in these two experimental species were established respectively and could be referred as the ideal model of cryopreservation of sperm of other marine species.

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Su, Yu Sheng, and 蘇裕勝. "The Offensive and Defensive Database Analysis for Male Basketball Games Performed by Taiwan Shoufu University." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/468ewt.

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碩士
台灣首府大學
休閒管理學系碩士班
101
The objective of this thesis was to review and analyze games database performed by the male basketball team at Taiwan Shoufu University (TSU), on the offensive and defensive aspects. The University Basketball Association (UBA) 72 games of Year 2011-2012 for the top eight teams and TSU had been analyzed. Descriptive statistics, t-test, multiple-stepwise regression (MSR), and principal component analysis (PCA) had been implemented. The obtained results indicated that the followings: 1. Based on t-test, the TSU male basketball team had lower performance comparing with the top eight teams in terms of two-point balls. The three-point balls are higher than that of the eight top teams. 2. The free throws, two-point balls, and three-point balls are good enough to predict the final scores from the MSR analysis. 3. The first three components from the PCA analysis are useful and can be implemented to verify about 82.12% of total performance. The first component contributed 38.92%, the second one 23.62%, and the third one 19.58%. The first component consists of assists with negative correlation, three-point balls with negative correlation, steals, two-point balls, fouls, and free throws. The second component consists of offensive rebounds and fouls while the third one involves defensive rebounds and blocks. The obtained results can be implemented in the real games and training. They are also good for relevant further research.

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Janse, van Vuuren Gerhardus Petrus Benjamin. "Planning a Let's pretend game : games of make-believe : role playing games as devising theatre." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1860.

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This dissertation seeks to formulate guidelines for the construction of a Let's Pretend game in order for a group to create a collaborative narrative through pretend play. A Let's Pretend game would provide a system for a performance event in which players are able to enter an imaginary world, take on roles in such a world and take actions in these roles. For this a Let's Pretend game should have a structured system of play; the structure for narrative in an imaginary environment; the means for participants to collaborate; and the means for participants to direct themselves. The practical component of this research, The Foreshadowing workshop, combines the role-playing game and a devised theatre workshop into one process. In this process the elements of games of make-believe can be identified. Bernard Suits' theory on games of make-believe identifies the prelusory goal, lusory means, constitutive rules, and the lusory attitude as the basic elements of a game. The guidelines for a Let's Pretend game can be derived from the conventions of the role-playing game and devised theatre workshop. These guidelines would address all the requirements of a Let's Pretend game, except self-direction, which is not available in the role-playing game, or devised theatre workshop. For self-direction, guidelines are derived from Bernard Suits' notion of the game as institution through the process of rules clarification. The primary guidelines for constructing a Let's Pretend game then are: that the game structure should foster fidelity to game world specifically through the imaginary roles. The character creation process should allow these roles to be the focus for action resolution. These roles should be able to develop through interactions and these interactions, as dramatic moves, would determine the plot. The structure of the game should further foster collaboration, be easily learnt and transferred, allow for the negotiating of rules and most importantly afford all players access to the directorial function. This dissertation, however, does not attempt the construction of such a Let's Pretend game. This would be the subject of future study.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

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Juan, Chih-Hsun, and 阮治軒. "Simplification of 3D Man-made Quadrilateral Mesh Model for Games." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55896275793314181267.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
100
Quadrilateral mesh has been a popular choice in model design due to the fact that it makes better simulation of deformation, and is more intuitive for texture mapping. Because the performance requirement in games, after producing a high-polygon model, we will need to produce another low-polygon model to make a normal map. This process is either done all manually or a user needs to define several rules on the model to get the low-polygon model. These methods not only take much time and sometimes is not so intuitive when a model is very complex. When making a high-polygon model the common way is to start from a basic model to do deformation, add elements, or make more detailed pattern. So these models have better structure than automatically converted or constructed quadrilateral models. There is also another situation when a user already construct the low-polygon model with desired structure and topology but need to adjust the amount of polygons. In these situations we need a quadrilateral based simplification method that preserves the original mesh structure and topology. Previous works usually focus on certain unstructured models that introduce some structure optimization method or do certain geometry enhancement in order to get a better local quality. These operations often destroy the special attributes of quadrilateral model and the results are not conform to requirements of common use. When the model size is very big these operations also slow down the simplification seriously. Another issue in games is level of detail, models use in games usually have separate part and too detailed features that cause poor result in level of detail operation. We use a voxel-based method to reconstruct models to solved these problems.

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Kun, Lee Hou, and 李後坤. "Tae Kwon Do Technical Analysis on the Male Fly Division in the 2006 Doha Asian Games." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37586922816287439405.

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碩士
中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
97
The purpose of this research paper is to analyze and understand the techniques used by the top four athletes from the male fly division of the taekwondo competition in the 2006 Doha Asian Games. As Asia includes many of the main competing forces in the Olympics, this research also aims to help bring taekwondo techniques and related rule discussions to a higher level in Taiwan. The research utilizes image-recording and playback systems (i.e. video tapes) to conduct documentary observations. Quantitative analyses are performed on the obtained data as a mean to conduct technical analyses (which studies statistics on the success rates on active and passive attacks, right-leg and left-leg attacks, overall attacking figures, and all skill movements) on all rounds competed by the top 4 athletes. The data and statistics are then further described with bisection and juxtapositions. The research results are: (I.) competing style: (A.) the Korean gold medalist used passive back right leg (turning kicks) as his main effective attack style; his sudden high kicks (turning kicks) were unrivaled. (B.) The Thai athlete used both active and passive back right leg (turning kicks) as his main effective attack styles; his habitual tactic was to not attack easily. (C.) The Chinese Taipei athlete used active back right leg (turning kicks) and passive back right leg (back kicks) as his main effective attack styles; he actively attacked more than other athletes. (D.) The Iranian athlete used both active and passive back right leg (turning kicks) as his main effective attack styles; he used these two styles to gain most of his points. (II.) Competing techniques: (A.) In terms of skill movements, all four athletes employed mostly turning kicks and counter-attack turning kicks in this competition. (B.) Among all success rates for each individual, back-kick rates were highest for the Thai and Chinese Taipei athletes, turning-kick’s was highest for the Korean athlete, while counter-turning kick’s prevailed for the Iranian athlete. The results show that the Korean athlete won with a pressure-responding counter-attack style and kicks with high success rates; actively attacking and increasing attacking figure does not necessarily constitute a good attack style.

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Chang, Chih-Feng, and 張志峰. "THE ANALYSIS OF SCORE CONTENTS OF 2000 SYDNEY OLYMPIC GAMES MALE JUDO CONTEST OF ALL CATEGORIES." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37398452785550927708.

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碩士
國立臺灣體育學院
體育研究所
92
ABSTRACT 　　This research analyzes the scores contents of 2000 Sydney Olympic games male judo contest of all categories to recognize traits of technical actions among international excellent judo contestants. The data were collected from 71 important contests of all categories from 2000 Sydney Olympic male judo broadcast live by NHK, Japanese TV, from Sep. 16 to Sep 22. There are totally 420 data of score-made time, score-made techniques, score-made levels and score-made areas observed via “camera-observing statistical analysis.” These data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and one-way ANOVA and tested by p-value and t-test. The research showed the emphasis each minute in the competition and keeping the great physical strength since the first minute to the last minute. The contest of all categories should enhance the exercise of Ashi-waza and Te-waza attack-acting skill. The judo competitions of international main Ippon get with patently. It should use contest area attribute well with the physical strength to the final while in the competition. Judo players should stress on training and promoting of holistic physical strength according to the results of this research. Contestants should sufficiently grasp every score-made opportunity during competition, enhance Ashi-waza and Te-waza attacking techniques exercise and practice defensive actions mentioned above. It is an obvious trend for the international contests to view Ippon as a major standard of scoring. Coachers and contestants with excellent physical strength and skillful actions should grasp the concept of “power judo”, act out judo spirit “energy well-used,” manipulate traits of such areas as “aggressive areas”, “concatenate areas” and “privative areas,” and use offensive and defensive devices to win a victory.

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Chen, Hao-Cheng, and 陳顥正. "Unreduced Male Gamete Type and Homoeologous Recombination in MT-A Dikaryotype Hybrids of Spider Lily (Lycoris spp.) Mediated Karyotype and GISH Analyses." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80966549917191388205.

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49

Ming-Mi, Chen, and 陳名米. "THE ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TOP EIGHT MALE SINGLE TENNIS PLAYERS AND THE BOTTOM EIGHT MALE SINGLE TENNIS PLAYERS IN THE ASIAN GAMES DOHA 2006." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22563436250706944999.

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碩士
國立台灣體育學院
體育研究所
95
As the world competition in tennis become increasingly agitated, the necessary skills and technique have also become more important for coaches and athletes to continue excelling in world standard. This study analyzes the relationship between different tennis techniques such as serving, defense, over-the-net, and total scores achieved in the top 8 and runner-up athletes of tennis men’s single competition. The physical data and game scores of the top 16 male athletes in male’s singles tennis competition at 2006 Asia Olympics was used in this study: subjects’ average age is 25.1 3.6, height is 181.1 3.6cm and average weight is 75.8 8.1kg. The study uses narrative analysis that is conducted by national tennis coaches and research assistants to analyze the competition techniques used by each of the top 16 athletes. SPSS 10.0 Statistic Software and t-test was used to analyze the test results; α=.05 was used to determine any statistic significance. In conclusion, the study discovers that Ace Ball and Winning Ball were the only criteria that showed significant difference between the top 8 athletes and runner-up 8 athletes. The First serving, winning on first serving, winning on second serving, Ace ball, Winning ball and Net approaches were better between the top 8 athletes and runner-up 8 athletes.Therefore serving technique is very important in tennis game to achieve success.

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LU, CHU-SHENG, and 呂竺昇. "Taekwondo Poomsae Technical Analysis: A Case Study of Individual Male Gold Medal in 2014 National Intercollegiate Athletic Games." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5r6b5.

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碩士
輔仁大學
體育學系碩士班
104
This study was to investigate techniques of the champion athlete in 2014 National Intercollegiate Athletic Games of Man Taekwondo Poomsae. Participants were referees and interview methods was used to understand his techniques’ advantages/disadvantages and the rational of referees’ perspectives in competition. The results revealed his advantages in techniques were accurate in footsteps and movement. His performance was good in speed, power, and stable. In general, his whole image was self-confidence and that’s the reason why he was better than the other competitors. The first priority in referees’ rational in technique score was footsteps, the second was hand, and the third was kick. In performance score, speed and accurate were the main concerns for referees, then stable, rhythm, and spirits.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Male gametes'

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