Journal articles: 'Male genital organs'

1

Stenbeck, Magnus, and Lars-Erik Holm. "Male Genital Organs." Acta Oncologica 34, sup4 (January 1995): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841869509094060.

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NIKKANEN.M.D, V., M. GRöNROOS, J. SUOMINEN, and S. MULTAMäKI. "Silent Infection in Male Accessory Genital Organs and Male Infertility." Andrologia 11, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1979.tb02192.x.

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KIGATA, Tetsuhito, and Hideshi SHIBATA. "Arterial supply to the rabbit male genital organs." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 82, no. 3 (2020): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.19-0616.

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Hagen, Joanna F. D., Cláudia C. Mendes, Amber Blogg, Alexander Payne, Kentaro M. Tanaka, Pedro Gaspar, Javier Figueras Jimenez, Maike Kittelmann, Alistair P. McGregor, and Maria D. S. Nunes. "tartan underlies the evolution of Drosophila male genital morphology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 38 (September 4, 2019): 19025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909829116.

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Male genital structures are among the most rapidly evolving morphological traits and are often the only features that can distinguish closely related species. This process is thought to be driven by sexual selection and may reinforce species separation. However, while the genetic bases of many phenotypic differences have been identified, we still lack knowledge about the genes underlying evolutionary differences in male genital organs and organ size more generally. The claspers (surstyli) are periphallic structures that play an important role in copulation in insects. Here, we show that divergence in clasper size and bristle number between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans is caused by evolutionary changes in tartan (trn), which encodes a transmembrane leucine-rich repeat domain protein that mediates cell–cell interactions and affinity. There are no fixed amino acid differences in trn between D. mauritiana and D. simulans, but differences in the expression of this gene in developing genitalia suggest that cis-regulatory changes in trn underlie the evolution of clasper morphology in these species. Finally, analyses of reciprocal hemizygotes that are genetically identical, except for the species from which the functional allele of trn originates, determined that the trn allele of D. mauritiana specifies larger claspers with more bristles than the allele of D. simulans. Therefore, we have identified a gene underlying evolutionary change in the size of a male genital organ, which will help to better understand not only the rapid diversification of these structures, but also the regulation and evolution of organ size more broadly.

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Kumashiro, M., and M. Sakai. "Reproductive behaviour in the male cricket Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer. I. Structure and function of the genitalia." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 6 (March 15, 2001): 1123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.6.1123.

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We have investigated the morphology and physiology of the genitalia of the male cricket to establish a basis for neuroethological study of its reproductive behaviour. First, the structure of the phallic complex, including the dorsal pouch, guiding rod, epiphallus, ventral lobes and median pouch, are described, as are the muscles, cuticle, membranes and biomechanics of copulation. The innervation and sensory receptors have also been examined. Second, the functional role of the muscle in each genital organ has been determined by direct observation of muscle contraction during spontaneous or evoked movements and by analysis of the changes in movements after the ablation of the muscle. Third, for the flexible membranous organs, the ventral lobes and median pouch, the passages for haemolymph and their dynamic properties have been examined using petroleum jelly. Fourth, the sequence of coordinated motor actions performed by the internal and external genital organs, which were induced in both restrained and dissected males using newly developed techniques, has been analyzed during tethered copulation and spermatophore formation. As a result, the mechanisms of copulation and spermatophore formation are now more fully understood.

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Bellinvia, Sara, Paul R. Johnston, Susan Mbedi, and Oliver Otti. "Mating changes the genital microbiome in both sexes of the common bedbug Cimex lectularius across populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1926 (April 29, 2020): 20200302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0302.

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Many bacteria live on host surfaces, in cells and in specific organ systems. In comparison with gut microbiomes, the bacterial communities of reproductive organs (genital microbiomes) have received little attention. During mating, male and female genitalia interact and copulatory wounds occur, providing an entrance for sexually transmitted microbes. Besides being potentially harmful to the host, invading microbes might interact with resident genital microbes and affect immunity. Apart from the investigation of sexually transmitted symbionts, few studies have addressed how mating changes genital microbiomes. We dissected reproductive organs from virgin and mated common bedbugs, Cimex lectularius L., and sequenced their microbiomes to investigate composition and mating-induced changes. We show that mating changes the genital microbiomes, suggesting bacteria are sexually transmitted. Also, genital microbiomes varied between populations and the sexes. This provides evidence for local and sex-specific adaptation of bacteria and hosts, suggesting bacteria might play an important role in shaping the evolution of reproductive traits. Coadaptation of genital microbiomes and reproductive traits might further lead to reproductive isolation between populations, giving reproductive ecology an important role in speciation. Future studies should investigate the transmission dynamics between the sexes and populations to uncover potential reproductive barriers.

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Kahn, Andrew T., Brian Mautz, and Michael D. Jennions. "Females prefer to associate with males with longer intromittent organs in mosquitofish." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 15, 2009): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0637.

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Sexual selection is a major force behind the rapid evolution of male genital morphology among species. Most within-species studies have focused on sexual selection on male genital traits owing to events during or after copulation that increase a male's share of paternity. Very little attention has been given to whether genitalia are visual signals that cause males to vary in their attractiveness to females and are therefore under pre-copulatory sexual selection. Here we show that, on average, female eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki spent more time in association with males who received only a slight reduction in the length of the intromittent organ (‘gonopodium’) than males that received a greater reduction. This preference was, however, only expressed when females chose between two large males; for small males, there was no effect of genital size on female association time.

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Matusali, G., N. Dereuddre-Bosquet, A. Le Tortorec, M. Moreau, A. P. Satie, D. Mahé, P. Roumaud, et al. "Detection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Semen, Urethra, and Male Reproductive Organs during Efficient Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy." Journal of Virology 89, no. 11 (April 1, 2015): 5772–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03628-14.

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ABSTRACTA number of men receiving prolonged suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) still shed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in semen. To investigate whether this seminal shedding may be due to poor drug penetration and/or viral production by long-lived cells within male genital tissues, we analyzed semen and reproductive tissues from macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 (SIVmac251) who were treated for 4 months with HAART, which was intensified over the last 7 weeks with an integrase inhibitor. We showed that a subset of treated animals continued shedding SIV in semen despite efficient HAART. This shedding was not associated with low antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen or in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate. HAART had no significant impact on SIV RNA in the urethra, whereas it drastically reduced SIV RNA levels in the prostate and vas deferens and to a lesser extent in the epididymis and seminal vesicle. The only detectable SIV RNA-positive cells within the male genital tract after HAART were urethral macrophages. SIV DNA levels in genital tissues were not decreased by HAART, suggesting the presence throughout the male genital tract of nonproductively infected cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 4 months of HAART induced variable and limited control of viral infection in the male reproductive organs, particularly in the urethra, and suggest that infected long-lived cells in the male genital tract may be involved in persistent seminal shedding during HAART. These results pave the way for further investigations of male genital organ infection in long-term-treated infected individuals.IMPORTANCEA substantial subset of men receiving prolonged HAART suppressing viral loads in the blood still harbor HIV in semen, and cases of sexual transmission have been reported. To understand the origin of this persistence, we analyzed the semen and male reproductive tissues from SIV-infected macaques treated with HAART. We demonstrated that persistent seminal shedding was not linked to poor drug penetration in semen or semen-producing prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, and testis. We revealed that HAART decreased SIV RNA to various extents in all male genital organs, with the exception of the urethra, in which SIV RNA+macrophages were observed despite HAART. Importantly, HAART did not impact SIV DNA levels in the male genital organs. These results suggest that infection of male genital organs, and particularly the urethra, could be involved in the release of virus in semen during HAART.

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MORIMOTO, Iwataro. "External genital organs in male mummies from Qurna, Egypt." Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon 97, no. 2 (1989): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.97.169.

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10

Kamimura, Yoshitaka. "Twin intromittent organs of Drosophila for traumatic insemination." Biology Letters 3, no. 4 (May 22, 2007): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0192.

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In several animals, male genitalia create insemination wounds in areas outside the genital orifice of females. I report that such traumatic insemination (TI) occurs in the Drosophila bipectinata complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and illustrate a previously unknown evolutionary pathway for this behaviour. Flash fixation of mating pairs revealed the dual function of the paired claw-like basal processes, previously misidentified as a bifid aedeagus: (i) penetration of the female body wall near the genital orifice and (ii) sperm transfer into the genital tract through the wounds. Basal processes in closely related species ( Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila pallidosa ) also wounded females but did not transfer sperm; this represents a transitional state to TI as observed in the bipectinata complex. Copulatory wounding is suggested to occur in other allied species of the Drosophila melanogaster species group, including D. melanogaster . Ubiquitous sexual conflicts over mating may have led to the evolution of novel intromittent organs for insemination.

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11

Wulff, Nadja C., Stefan Schöneich, and Gerlind U. C. Lehmann. "Female perception of copulatory courtship by male titillators in a bushcricket." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (August 15, 2018): 20181235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1235.

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Males of the bushcricket Metrioptera roeselii bear paired titillators that are spiny genital structures supposedly functioning as copulatory courtship devices. During copulation, the male inserts its titillators into the female's genital chamber, where they rhythmically tap on the sensilla-covered dorsal surface of the genital fold. Here, we investigated the stimulatory function of male titillators during mating in M. roeselii . Tracer backfills of presumptive mechanosensory sensilla at the female genital fold revealed a thick bundle of sensory axons entering the last unfused abdominal ganglion (AG-7). Electrophysiological recordings of abdominal nerves demonstrated that females sense mechanical stimulation at their genital fold. The mechanosensory responses, however, were largely reduced by the insecticide pymetrozine that selectively blocks scolopidia of internal chordotonal organs but not campaniform and hair sensilla on the outer cuticle surface. In mating experiments, the females showed resistance behaviours towards males with asymmetrically shortened titillators, but the resistance was largely reduced when mechanoreceptors at the female's genital fold were either pharmacologically silenced by pymetrozine or mechanically blocked by capping with UV-hardened glue. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male titillators in these bushcrickets may serve as copulatory courtship devices to mechanically stimulate the female genitalia to reduce resistance behaviour.

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Huber, Bernhard A. "Genital mechanics and sexual selection in the spider Nesticus cellulanus (Araneae: Nesticidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-340.

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The spider Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1758) was investigated with respect to the functional morphology of its genital organs, using for the first time the method of freeze-fixation of the spiders in copula by liquid nitrogen and subsequent preparation of serial sections of the copulatory organs in functional contact. Use of this method provides new and detailed insights into the function of complex genitalia. Previous ideas, based on artificial expansion of the male copulatory bulbs and simulation experiments, must be rejected or doubted. The role of female choice as a universal cause of species specificity and complexity in genitalia, proposed by Eberhard, is discussed. The total absence of sensilla in the contact zones of the female copulatory organs indicates that the female is not stimulated by the copulatory organs of the male, nor can she evaluate their mechanical fit. "Female choice" can therefore act only indirectly, by influencing the number of offspring, which is assumed to be correlated with the fitting of the male genitalia, thus determining the number of sperm transferred. This postmating "choice" is absolutely independent of the female nervous system and is seen to be at least an important additional mechanism of sexual selection.

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Portugal, Isabella Batista Martins, Fernando Adami, Jean Henri Schoueri, Leandro Fórnias Machado Rezende, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Gerson Ferrari, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, and Luis Eduardo Werneck De Carvalho. "Reduction in prostate cancer hospitalizations in the COVID-19 pandemic epicenter of Latin America." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18814-e18814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18814.

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e18814 Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted health care systems worldwide since December 2019 causing atypical pneumonia and affecting multiple body organs. In Latin America, COVID-19 had its first case in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, thus being the starting point and epicenter of this disease. In this context, prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-skin cancer among men and its preventive healthcare is substantial to public health surveillance. Additionally, PC raises particular interest during COVID-19 outbreak as PC androgen-deprivation therapies have shown to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, which suggests an association between SARS-CoV-2 and PC cells. Thus, the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on male genital cancers care remain inconclusive and will probably be felt for decades. This study aimed to determine the impact of pandemic on the incidence of hospital admissions (HA) due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the HAs due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs in the city of São Paulo comparing the outbreak period (January-June 2020) and a pre-pandemic corresponding period of the years 2017-2019. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System - Hospital Information System database according to the chapter II of the International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision (ICD-10). Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the incidence of HAs and time (months). Results: A significant reduction in HAs due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs was observed in PC, but not other malignant neoplasms of male genital organs during the outbreak period (January-June 2020). PC (-19, CI -36 to -1) showed to be remarkably affected while other male genital cancers (-1, CI -5 to 3) did not (Table). Conclusions: Our findings seem to be associated to delayed oncological care delivery to PC during the lockdown and health system disruption. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of the ongoing pandemic in malignant neoplasm of male genital organs, particularly PC, in order to strategically corroborate public health actions for implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Linear regression of hospital admissions for the years 2017-2020 (January until June) due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs (chapter II of the ICD-10). Municipality of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.[Table: see text]

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SAVICI, Jelena, Diana BREZOVAN, Camelia TULCAN, and Oana Maria BOLDURA. "The outcome of potassium dichromate exposure on histological structure of male rat sexual organs in suckling period." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 77, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0033.

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The aim of this study was the evaluation of integrity biomarkers of reproductive toxicity: histoarchitecture of genital organs (testis and epididymis) and sexual accessory glands (prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbo-urethral glands) at sexual maturity after exposure to potassium dichromate (Cr VI) in suckling period. Consequent to the exposure of male rat pups to hexavalent chromium during suckling period structural changes appeared in genital organs and sexual accessory glands, such as: basal membrane and epithelial disintegration, interstitial edema, wavy basal membrane due to a reduction in tubule diameter, Leydig cell necrosis; epithelial smoothing, epithelial necrosis; epithelial cells desquamation and falling in lumen. Exposure to potassium dichromate (Cr VI) during suckling period produced severe congestive and degenerative lesions in genital organs and sexual accessory glands.

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Nielsen, Søren J., Jens Peter Gøtze, Helle L. Jensen, and Jens F. Rehfeld. "ProCNP and CNP are expressed primarily in male genital organs." Regulatory Peptides 146, no. 1-3 (February 2008): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.09.022.

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SRIVASTAVA, D. N., D. N. AWASTHY, R. K. KATIYAR, and MANIKA. "Spinal Dysraphism with Accessory Male Genital Organs (A Case Report)." Australasian Radiology 33, no. 3 (August 1989): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1989.tb03295.x.

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Morichetti, Doriana, Roberta Mazzucchelli, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Liang Cheng, Marina Scarpelli, Ziya Kirkali, Francesco Montorsi, and Rodolfo Montironi. "Secondary neoplasms of the urinary system and male genital organs." BJU International 104, no. 6 (September 2009): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08746.x.

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Koeniger, G., N. Koeniger, M. Mardan, G. Otis, and S. Wongsiri. "Comparative anatomy of male genital organs in the genus Apis." Apidologie 22, no. 5 (1991): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19910507.

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Lima, Jussara Marcolino do Nascimento, Amilton Cesar Santos, Diego Carvalho Viana, Bruno Machado Bertassoli, Luis Miguel Lobo, Vanessa Cristina Oliveira, Denis Cristiano Briani, et al. "Morphological study of the male genital organs of Gracilinanus microtarsus." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 50, no. 6 (December 9, 2013): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v50i6p447-456.

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Oliveira, Vinícius Vasconcelos Gomes de, Simone Regina Barros de Macedo, Flábio Ribeiro de Araújo, Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Frederico Celso Lyra Maia, Leucio Câmara Alves, and Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Junior. "Histopathological evaluation and parasite quantification (qPCR) in the male dog's genital system after natural infection with Leishmania infantum." Ciência Rural 46, no. 4 (April 2016): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150850.

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ABSTRACT: Canine visceral leishmaniasisis an important disease caused by the protozoon Leishmania infantum which affects several organs and systems, including the genital tract. The L. infantum tropism to the male genital system and correlation among parasite load, immunohistochemistry detection and structural changes in these organs is controversy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate this correlation in the genital organs of the male dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Samples from testicles, epididymis, prostate, glans penis, prepuce and scrotum were collected from 19 positive adult dogs. Structural changes were observed in the testicles (5.2%), epididymis (2.6%), prepuce (5.2%) and scrotum (5.2%) of the samples positive at immunohistochemistry examination. Conversely, similar structural changes were observed in all tissues negative at immunohistochemistry analysis. Moreover, L. infantum DNA was detected in all organs with the highest parasite load found in testicles, epididymis, and prostate gland. , Testicles had the highest parasite load but the lowest number of inflammatory lesions. These inflammatory lesions were observed in all organs of reproductive system of dogs; however, no correlation was observed between the parasite load and inflammatory lesions of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum.

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TOHYAMA, Chiharu, Junko S. SUZUKI, Shino HOMMA, Mika KARASAWA, Toshio KUROKI, Hisao NISHIMURA, and Noriko NISHIMURA. "Testosterone-dependent induction of metallothionein in genital organs of male rats." Biochemical Journal 317, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3170097.

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Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of cysteine-rich heavy-metal-binding proteins. We have investigated MT gene expression in the ventral and dorsolateral lobes of the prostate and coagulating gland of male Wistar rats. In intact rats, both MT mRNA and MT were present in the dorsolateral lobe and coagulating gland but not in the ventral lobe. Orchidectomy caused involution of the above organs, and both MT mRNA and MT were considerably decreased or became undetectable. An injection of testosterone propionate into orchidectomized rats restored not only the size of these organs, but also MT mRNA and MT concentrations, particularly in the dorsolateral lobe and coagulating gland. In the dorsolateral lobe, no selective uptake of Zn2+ preceding the increase in MT was observed, suggesting that Zn2+ ions are not associated with the increased expression of the MT gene. The present result suggests that of the male auxiliary genital organs, the dorsolateral lobe and coagulating gland, but not the ventral lobe, contain MT, the biosynthesis of which is regulated by testosterone.

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Machado, Alex Sander D., Alfredo Le Bas, Maria Angélica Miglino, Rudolf Leiser, and Paula de Carvalho Papa. "Genital morphology of the male South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) and biological implications." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, suppl 1 (December 2012): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012001300013.

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Male capacity for spreading genes to a great number of descendents and to determine population dynamics depend directly on the genital organs. Morphological studies in pinnipeds are scarce and the functional meaning of some characteristics has never been discussed. We hypothesized that Arctocephalus australis (A. australis) shows morphophysiological adaptations in order to guarantee the perpetuation of the species in the unique annual mating season. Seven males, dead from natural causes, had their genital organs collected and fixed for morphological description. Some features differ from other described mammalian males and are closely related to the biology and reproductive cycle of this species, as the scrotal epidermis, absence of glandular portion in the ductus deferens and spermatogenic epithelium suggest a recrudescent testis period. The corona glandis exhibits a singular arrangement: its erectile border looks like a formation of petals and its association with the os penis gives a "lily-flower" form to this region. We propose the name margo petaliformis to this particular erectile border of the corona glandis because of its similarity to a flower corola. The male genital organs of A. australis show morphological features compatible with adaptation to environment requirements and reproductive efficiency.

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IGUCHI, Taisen, and Mariko HIROKAWA. "Changes in male genital organs of mice exposed neonatally to tamoxifen." Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences 62, no. 5 (1986): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.62.157.

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de Siqueira, Gustavo Henrique Lima, Felipe Ennes Silva, and Marcelo Ismar Silva Santana. "Morphological description of male genital organs of Marca's marmoset (Mico marcai)." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 47, no. 4 (June 3, 2018): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12365.

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Nishimura, H., N. Nishimura, and C. Tohyama. "Localization of metallothionein in the genital organs of the male rat." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, no. 7 (July 1990): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/38.7.2355174.

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We studied the immunohistological localization of metallothionein (MT), a low molecular weight metal binding protein, in male rat genital organs (testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, and prostate) by use of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. MT concentrations in testis, seminal vesicle, and prostate ranged from 15-30 micrograms/g tissue. In testis, seminiferous tubules with mature spermatozoa exhibited weak MT staining, whereas the tubules containing differentiating spermatogenic cells but not containing spermatozoa showed strong MT staining. No MT immunostaining was observed in Leydig cells. In growing rat testes, the pattern of MT immunostaining was found to change with development: MT was found in supporting cells only on Day 7, spermatogonia adjacent to basement membrane on Day 14, and spermatocytes localized in the central part of the tubules on Day 21. Strong MT immunostaining in the basal cells was a common feature in other genital tissues, except the ductus efferentes. In prostate, the strongest MT staining was found in the lateral lobe, and MT was localized in apocrine secretions in the dorsal lobe. The present results suggest a close association of MT with cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as possible involvement of MT in supply or storage of zinc ions.

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Nonogaki, Takafumi, Yoichi Noda, Katsuhiko Narimoto, Masahide Shiotani, Takahide Mori, Tadashi Matsuda, and Osamu Yoshida. "Localization of CuZn-superoxide dismutase in the human male genital organs." Human Reproduction 7, no. 1 (January 1992): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137565.

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Lee, Hye Yeon, Michelle Bardini, and Geoffrey Burnstock. "P2X receptor immunoreactivity in the male genital organs of the rat." Cell and Tissue Research 300, no. 2 (May 8, 2000): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000207.

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Depa, Łukasz, Mariusz Kanturski, Artur Taszakowski, and Karina Wieczorek. "Atypical, ventro-ventral copulation position in aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walker, 1870 (Insecta, Hemiptera)." Contributions to Zoology 83, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08303002.

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Firm matching of genitals during copulation is of critical importance to effective insemination and thus, gene flow. During the evolution of insects, an effective position during copulation promoted higher fecundity through control over the act of mating or elimination of competitors. Usually during insect copulation, either twisting or flexing of the male abdomen occurs, and genitals remain symmetrically or asymmetrically disposed following changes in the mating position. However, it is always the dorsal side of the male genitalia that makes contact with the ventral side of female abdomen. Here we present the unusual case of a ‘belly-to-belly’ copulation, with symmetrically positioned male genitals and no twisting of the abdomen. During the mating of two species in the Stomaphis genus of large, tree dwelling aphids, the dwarfish male is attached to the underside of the female, with the ventral part of its genitals contacting the ventral part of female abdomen, and the aedeagus effectively inserted into the female genital organs. Interestingly, congeneric species do not exhibit this sort of mating, but differences in the genital plates of females, between species, may play an important role. These observations raise many questions concerning the possible dominant role of the female during mating and later, during mate guarding by male, which can lead to monandry in this generally polyandrous group of insects. It is possible that this sort of mating is either an adaptation to the competitive behaviour of other males or a consequence of the obligatory mutualistic relationship with ants, and the adaptation to specialised ecological niches enforced by this relationship. If ants do influence the mating habits of Stomaphis then it is possible that speciation in this group of insects, and phytophagous insects generally, is partially driven by their relationship with ants.

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Demura, Takayoshi, Nobuo Ohashi, Katsuya Nonomura, Tatsuya Mori, Masaki Mamiya, Haruo Seki, Norihiro Enami, and Tomohiko Koyanagi. "LOCALIZATION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN MALE SEX ORGAN, ACCESORY SEX ORGANS AND EXTERNAL GENITAL SKIN." Japanese Journal of Urology 83, no. 12 (1992): 2078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol1989.83.2078.

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Prokic, Branislav, Dusan Milijevic, Verica Mrvic, and Bogomir Prokic. "Corrective surgery of external sexual organs in female pseudo hermaphrodite dog." Veterinarski glasnik 65, no. 5-6 (2011): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1106443p.

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Hermaphroditism is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presentation of sexual characteristics of both sexes in one individual. Hermaphrodites can occur in every mammal species. Real and pseudo hermaphrodites can be distinguished. Both ovaries and testes (ovotestes) are presented in real hermaphrodites, while the conformation of the individual does not correspond to any sex in particular. Pseudo hermaphrodites are more frequent. Male pseudo hermaphrodites have testes and female external genital characteristics, while female pseudo hermaphrodites have ovaries and rudimentary external genitals reassembling to masculine ones. Corrective surgical removal of a rudimental penis in a female pseudo hermaphrodite dog is presented in the paper.

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Kallajoki, M., K. A. Alanen, M. Nevalainen, and T. J. Nevalainen. "Group II phospholipase A2 in human male reproductive organs and genital tumors." Prostate 35, no. 4 (June 1, 1998): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19980601)35:4<263::aid-pros5>3.0.co;2-h.

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32

Mazzucchelli, Roberta, Doriana Morichetti, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Liang Cheng, Marina Scarpelli, Ziya Kirkali, and Rodolfo Montironi. "Neuroendocrine tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs: clinical significance." BJU International 103, no. 11 (June 2009): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08451.x.

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33

Kumashiro, Mikihiko, and Masaki Sakai. "Functional roles of genital organs in spermatophore formation in the male cricket." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 145, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.035.

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34

Hashimoto, Kosei, Koh Suzuki, and Fumio Hayashi. "Unique set of copulatory organs in mantises: Concealed female genital opening and extremely asymmetric male genitalia." Entomological Science 19, no. 4 (July 8, 2016): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ens.12219.

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35

Kangawa, Akihisa, Masayoshi Otake, Satoko Enya, Toshinori Yoshida, and Masatoshi Shibata. "Histological Development of Male Reproductive Organs in Microminipigs." Toxicologic Pathology 44, no. 8 (October 23, 2016): 1105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623316673495.

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Microminipigs are becoming increasingly attractive alternatives for various experimental applications, such as general toxicology studies, owing to their manageable size. However, there are limited studies on the male reproductive organs of microminipigs, particularly on the histological aspects of sexual maturity. To clarify the development of male reproductive organs, 35 male microminipigs, aged 0 to 12 months, were used in this study. Histological and histomorphological evaluation was performed based on spermatogenic development, measurement of tubular structure in testes and epididymides, and histological progress of accessory glands. In addition, spontaneous testicular changes were quantitatively assessed. Histologically, male microminipigs sexually matured around 4.5 months of age, when spermatogenesis in testes and structural development in genital organs were completed. Spontaneous testicular changes occurred in all the animals investigated. Multinucleated giant cell was most commonly observed, followed by hypospermatogenesis and tubular atrophy/hypoplasia. However, the number of affected tubules was less than 1% in testes after 4.5 months of age, suggesting that the influence of these changes on evaluation of toxicity studies may be minimal. It is preferable to use sexually mature animals in toxicology studies; therefore, the information obtained by the present study will be helpful for future toxicity evaluations in microminipigs.

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36

Fromme, Lilja, Débora R. Yogui, Mario Henrique Alves, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez, Marion Langeheine, André Quagliatto, Ursula Siebert, and Ralph Brehm. "Morphology of the genital organs of male and female giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)." PeerJ 9 (August 11, 2021): e11945. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11945.

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Background The giant anteater belongs to the supraorder Xenarthra which occupies a systematically isolated position among placental mammals. The species is categorized as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and understanding its reproductive characteristics is critical for future conservation efforts. Methods Gross and microscopic anatomy of the genital organs of 23 male and 21 female adult and young roadkill giant anteaters in Brazil were studied. Results Male giant anteaters presented a short conical penis, intraabdominal testes, and prostate, vesicular and bulbourethral glands. A tubular remnant of the partially fused Müllerian ducts extended from the seminal colliculus through the prostate gland, continued cranially in the genital fold, bifurcated, and attached with one elongation each to the left and right epididymal corpus. The structure presented a total length of up to 10 cm and contained a yellowish liquid in its lumen. Histologically, the caudal section of this structure resembled the female vagina, the middle portion corresponded to the uterus, and the extensions showed characteristics of uterine tubes. In adult female giant anteaters, ovoid ovaries with occasional seminiferous cord-like structures were observed. The animals possessed a simple uterus, which was directly continuous with the vaginal canal. The caudal portion of the vagina had two lumina, separated by a longitudinal septum and opening into two apertures into the vaginal vestibule, cranial to the urethral opening. In the urethral and the lateral vestibular wall, glandular structures with characteristics of male prostate and bulbourethral glands, respectively, were found. The vestibule opened through a vertical vulvar cleft to the exterior. A pair of well-differentiated Wolffian ducts with a central lumen originated ventrally at the vaginal opening into the vestibule and passed in a cranial direction through the ventral vaginal and uterine wall. Each duct extended highly coiled along the ipsilateral uterine tube until the lateral pole of the ovaries where it merged with the rete ovarii. Discussion The reproductive morphology of giant anteaters reveals characteristics shared with other Xenarthrans: intraabdominal testes, a simple uterus, and a double caudal vagina. The persistence of well-differentiated genital ducts of the opposite sex in both males and females, however, singles them out among other species. These structures are the results of an aberration during fetal sexual differentiation and possess secretory functions. The possibility of a pathological degeneration of these organs should be considered in reproductive medicine of the species. Conclusion Knowledge of the unique reproductive characteristics of the giant anteater is essential for future reproductive management of the species. Additionally, further research on the peculiarities of the persisting genital duct structures might help to understand sexual differentiation in placental mammals in general.

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Lanfranchi, A., and M. Melai. "A new marine flatworm (Plathelminthes: Rhabditophora: Otoplanidae) from the Ligurian coast." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 2 (July 9, 2009): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990427.

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The morphology and taxonomy of a new species of otoplanid (Plathelminthes: Rhabditophora: Proseriata) is discussed. Otoplana proxima sp. nov., collected at Marina di Bibbona (Livorno), presents the typical morphological peculiarities of the subfamily Otoplaninae, but clearly differs from the previously described species with regard to the organization of the genital organs. The new flatworm appears more similar to Otoplana intermedia, but differs sharply in its body length and male copulatory organ made up of 23–24 pliable spines (42–70 μm long) characterized by a forked tip and a canaliculated proximal end.

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Schleicher, G., W. E. Stumpf, K. U. Thiedemann, and U. Drews. "Autoradiographic binding studies with [3H]oestradiol and [3H]dihydrotestosterone in the autonomic genital ganglion (plexus of Frankenhäuser) of the mouse." Acta Endocrinologica 110, no. 4 (December 1985): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1100572.

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Abstract. Male, female and Tfm mice (testicular feminization) were injected with [3H]oestradiol or [3H]dihydrotestosterone, and autoradiograms prepared of male accessory sex organs and of the cervico-vaginal portion of the female reproductive tract. After injection of [3H]oestradiol in male, female and Tfm animals a nuclear concentration of radioactivity was found in a subpopulation – about 20–30% – of the neurons of the genital ganglion. No such concentration was seen after [3H]dihydrotestosterone. The results suggest a direct genomic effect of oestradiol on certain neurons of the autonomic genital ganglion in both sexes.

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Shehu-Xhilaga, M., J. Dale, M. O'Bryan, M. Hedger, S. Kent, and D. De Kretser. "308. Characterization of SIV infection in the male genital tract of juvenile macaques." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs308.

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Reproductive organs contribute infected cells and free viral particles to semen in human immunodeficiency type-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals, increasing the risk of infection from the HIV-1 positive male to the mother and ultimately to the offspring. The majority of information gathered with respect to the HIV-1 burden in the male reproductive tract (MGT) have been conducted in tissues obtained on autopsies of testis, prostate and epididymis of individuals that die from AIDS. Therefore, little is known about the progression and pathogenesis of the infection within these organs. Investigating the mechanism of the spread of HIV-1 in the cells and tissues of the MGT, particularly during the asymptomatic stage, remains a critical task. Infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a useful animal model for studies of mucosal transmission and viral transmission via breastfeeding. In this study eight juvenile macaques (2.5 yo) were infected with SIVmac for a period of 3–6 months and testis and epididymis tissue were collected in two intervals, 3 and 6 months post-infection. To determine SIV progression and pathogenesis in the MGT we have used EM, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. Our preliminary EM obtained via analysis of testis and epididymis tissue of SIV infected macaques show the presence of elongated spermatids in the epididymis. Scattered viral like SIV particles were observed in the testis and epididymal lumen, principally associated with aberrant germ cells. Necrosis of epididymal tissue was also observed, potentially due to the SIV burden in this organ. The data indicate that SIV infected juvenile macaques are a potential model for studying HIV-1 pathogenesis and its effect in spermatogenesis as well as the immune response of testis in a species that is closely related to humans.

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Crundwell, Malcolm. "Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs." BJU International 94, no. 4 (September 2004): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.05068.x.

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41

Ball, R. Y. "Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs." Histopathology 46, no. 5 (May 2005): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02096.x.

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Hashitani, Hikaru, and Richard J. Lang. "Functions of ICC-like cells in the urinary tract and male genital organs." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 14, no. 6a (February 24, 2010): 1199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01043.x.

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Vidyadaran, M. K., R. S. K. Sharma, S. Sumita, I. Zulkifli, and A. Razeem-Mazlan. "Male Genital Organs and Accessory Glands of the Lesser Mouse Deer, Tragulus javanicus." Journal of Mammalogy 80, no. 1 (February 16, 1999): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1383219.

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Guadagno, Elia, Gaetano De Rosa, and Marialaura Del Basso De Caro. "Neuroendocrine tumours in rare sites: differences in nomenclature and diagnostics—a rare and ubiquitous histotype." Journal of Clinical Pathology 69, no. 7 (February 25, 2016): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203551.

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The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours in typical sites, as gastrointestinal tract and lung, is based upon well-coded criteria that have become familiar to most of the pathologists. Much more difficult is the recognition and allocation of proper nomenclature to be referred to the same histotype in locations where these tumours have a lower incidence. The aim of our review was to provide a quick handbook of the main diagnostic pitfalls known in literature that can interpose in the histopathological examination of neuroendocrine tumours in rare sites (urinary system and male genital organs, female genital organs, head and neck and breast).

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Gupta, K., and NK Sood. " Pathological and immunohistochemical studies on rare cases of primary extragenital transmissible venereal tumours in the mammary gland." Veterinární Medicína 57, No. 4 (May 18, 2012): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5917-vetmed.

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Transmissible venereal tumours (TVT) are normally seen on the genitalia of both male and female dogs, and at times may be observed on extra-genital sites such as lips, oral mucosa, and peritoneum, or in organs such as the tonsils, eye, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and musculature. The present communication deals with two rare cases of primary extragenital TVT involving the mammary glands of dogs and their pathology and immunohistochemistry. The study indicated that apart from routinely used markers such as vimentin, p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and c-myc, the oncogenes Rb and cyclin D1 proved to be novel markers of TVT in dogs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of extra-genital mammary TVT in canines.  

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46

Barranco, Pablo, and Mark S. Harvey. "The first indigenous palpigrade from Australia: a new species of Eukoenenia (Palpigradi:Eukoeneniidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 22, no. 2 (2008): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is07031.

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We present a description of the first indigenous member of the arachnid order Palpigradi from Australia. Eukoenenia guzikae, sp. nov. was collected from subterranean environments in the Yilgarn region of Western Australia. The sole male specimen differs from all other members of the genus in several small but significant ways, including by the combined presence of six blades in the prosomal lateral organs, nine pairs of setae on the propeltidium, the presence of a spur on coxa IV, the chaetotaxy of sternites IV–VIII, and the shape of the male genital lobes. It shows some similarities in the male genital region to a group of species found in Madagascar.

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Santos, A. C., D. C. Viana, F. D. Oliveira, M. F. Oliveira, and A. C. Assis-Neto. "68 STEROIDOGENIC CONTROL OF INTRAUTERINE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION IN SPIX’S YELLOW-TOOTHED CAVY, GALEA SPIXII." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab68.

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The Spix’s yellow toothed (SYT) cavy is a species of rodent that lives in Caatinga vegetation of northeast Brazil. The SYT is utilised as a protein source by inhabitants of that region and has zootechnic potential. SYT cavies have been bred in captivity for studies related to reproductive biology. The presence of a penile clitoris trespassed by the urethra was described in the adult female. The aim of this research is describe sexual differentiation events in the male and female conceptus and relate molecular mechanisms of androgen and oestrogen metabolism of the placenta with the differentiation of external genitalia. Conceptuses after 15, 22, 30, 40, >50 (full term) days of gestation (DG; n = 9 males and 9 females at each gestational period) from 30 pregnant females, which were paired with 10 males, were used. After detection of copulation, the above described DG were awaited prior to the day of euthanasia. We performed anatomical description and light and scanning electron microscopy on the genital organs in the conceptus; concentration of testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E) by radioimmunoassay in the pregnant females; and described the immunoreactivity (by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry) of enzymes: cytochrome P450 aromatase, cytochrome P450c17, 17-β-HSD, and 3-β-HSD in placentas of male and female conceptus. The genital organs emerge from a pair of undifferentiated gonads and a genital tubercle at 15 DG. These gonads differentiate into a pair of testicles or a pair of ovaries at 22 DG. The other internal genital organs arise from the urogenital sinus and Müllerian ducts in females or Wolffian ducts in males after 22 DG. The undifferentiated genital tubercle forms the penis in males with the urethra channeling at 30 DG. In females, the urethra channeling is complete after 40 DG with the closure of the urethral groove, and at >50 DG the clitoris has characteristics of a pseudo-penis. Those that are pregnant undergo an increase of E (from 5.456 ± 1.599 pg mL–1 at 22 DG to 107.186 ± 15.966 pg mL–1 at >50 DG) and T (from 122.444 ± 15.799 pg mL–1 at 22 DG to 718.555 ± 67.407 pg mL–1 at >50 DG) concentrations during the gestational period. The concentration of T was a minimum 5-fold higher than the E concentration at the moment of external sexual differentiation. The placentas from the male and female conceptus are immunoreactive for the enzyme 3-β-HSD producing progesterone throughout pregnancy, but these placentas are not immunoreactive for the oestrogen-producing enzyme cytochrome P450 aromatase throughout pregnancy. Conversely, the cytochrome P450c17 and 17-β-HSD enzymes are immunoreactive in the placentas of the male and female conceptus throughout pregnancy, producing androgen hormones. The absence of enzymes that produce oestrogen hormones in the placenta of SYT cavies indicate that testosterone from pregnant reaches the fetal circulation, and associated with the presence of enzymes that produce androgens, may act to increase androgen hormone concentration in the pregnant, which may act in the virilization process of the female external genitalia.

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Anani, Kafui Yolande Ella, Abla Déla Mondedji, Komina Amevoin, Christophe Bressac, and Isabelle Adolé Glitho. "Caractéristiques Dimensionnelles Des Principaux Organes Du Tractus Génital Mâle De Anisopteromalus Calandrae Howard (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) En Fonction De L’âge." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 12 (April 30, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n12p48.

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The reproductive capacity of the parasitoïd of cowpea bruchids Anisopteromalus calandrae Howard (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) male depends on the number of spermatozoa produced and spilled in the seminal vesicle. The objective of this study is to determine the dimensional characteristics of the different parts of the male genital tract of A. calandrae depending on age. Photographs of the parts of the male genital tract of the nymph and the virgin adults of 0- 1- 5- 10- and 15-day old were taken by light microscopy. The dimensional characteristics of the organs of the genital tract of A. calandrae has shown that when the surface of the testes decreases, that of the anterior portion of the seminal vesicle increases and the ratio between the width of the light and the total width of the accessory gland increases from emergence to the fifteenth day. The dimension of the testes decreases in favor of that of the seminal vesicle and the accessory gland of A. calandrae male depending on age.

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Shima, H. "Differentiation of Male Genital Organs : Transaction of The 79th Annual Meeting of The JUA." Japanese Journal of Urology 83, no. 6 (1992): 818–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.83.818.

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Dallai, Romano, Vittoria Cavallo, Luigi Federico Falso, and Pietro Paolo Fanciulli. "The fine structure of the male genital organs of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola, Symphypleona)." Pedobiologia 44, no. 3-4 (January 2000): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/s0031-4056(04)70040-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Male genital organs'

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