Academic literature on the topic 'Male Oppression'
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Journal articles on the topic "Male Oppression"
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Rima, Rima, and Suci Suryani. "Exercising woman’s basic power : a story reflection." Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/lks.v16i1.12389.
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The purpose of this study is to disclose the sexist oppressions experienced by the female protagonist in a story, to observe the solidarity she received in going through the oppression, and to examine her personal basic power to release the oppression. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The method used is analyzing the source of data is in the form of the characters’ monolog, dialog, and author’s narration which are collected intensively in the short story. This study is based on the perspectives of bell hooks (1984) that elaborates sexist oppression, solidarity and personal basic power. The sexist oppressions experienced by the female protagonist in a story that is caused by the social value embedded in the patriarchy society that puts woman as the subordinate and Anita’s father is the male antagonist who shows domination over her. In the story, Anita’s husband is the male protagonist who gives his empathy to Anita to go through the oppression. The last result elaborates that solidarity obtained will support Anita to exercise her basic power. This is required to face the oppression and to release Anita from sexist oppression so that she will be able to put herself from margin to centre.
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Hollis, Maree A. "Oppression at Trade School." Australian Journal of Education 36, no. 1 (April 1992): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419203600107.
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Sixty-two women in the first to fourth year of an apprenticeship in various traditionally male-dominated trades described their experiences at trade school and their responses to the generally oppressive environment. Although some teachers and male classmates were supportive, most were not and the women were isolated, verbally abused and sexually and physically harassed. A macho-male atmosphere existed where women were not wanted and were not regarded as competent. The women felt excluded from male groups and were under pressure to perform. The women were strong-minded, resilient and successful and felt competent and able to fit in with the men. Most support came from parents. The cultural background of the ‘tradesman’ was discussed to help understand why the women were treated in such a discriminatory way in the trade school classes.
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Huggins, Janet. "Exploring Male Oppression from a Family–Systems Perspective." Journal of Baha’i Studies 3, no. 2 (1990): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-3.2.5(1990).
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This article explores sexual inequality and oppression from a family-systems perspective. This perspective was adopted to encourage a more balanced and less prejudiced examination of these issues and to avoid the usual and limiting villain-victim conceptualization. The ideas in this article were originally prepared for a conference on the equality of men and women that was designed to help both sexes better understand each other’s perspective. The article draws parallels between adolescent sex role development and the current evolutionary stage of our society. It offers examples of how both men and women are oppressed, albeit differently, and how the oppression of one sex directly results in the oppression of the other sex. The implications of achieving equality for both world peace and individual intrapsychic unity are outlined.
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Benson, Jennifer. "Freedom as Going Off Script." Hypatia 29, no. 2 (2014): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12033.
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In this manuscript I explore an example of an over‐privileged white woman who encounters two young Black men in a parking garage stairwell. Two related axioms are central to the oppressive script that lies before these subjects: the hetero‐patriarchal axiom that women are not safe alone at night and the racist axiom that Black men, especially young ones, are dangerous. These axioms are intended to ensure a practical conclusion—white women and Black men are supposed to avoid each other—thereby conferring legitimacy on the white male, hetero‐patriarchal order. If this is a performance of oppression, we must ask, what is the performance of freedom?Freedom, I argue, is the practice of allowing and encouraging a subject's multiple selves to interact so that one may devise and pursue courses of action that have been strategically hidden by systems of domination designed to cultivate pliant agency. My project augments accounts of multiplicitous subjectivity wherein our multiple social worlds socially constitute persons as both oppressor and oppressed, empowered and pliant. The practice of freedom conceived here acknowledges multiplicity while positioning us to seek feminist and antiracist futures that are not configured by oppression.
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Hasan, Md Mahmudul. "Oppression versus Liberation." Hawwa 14, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341305.
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This article analyzes the representation ofhijaband of hijab-wearing women in two post-9/11 British literary texts, Leila Aboulela’sMinaret(2005) and Shelina Janmohamed’sLove in a Headscarf(2009). It discusses the strong resolve of the heroines of these works with regard to wearing the hijab despite opposition to it from within their peers, friends and family members as well as Islamophobic hostility to this most overt and visible marker of Muslim identity. While many women wear hijab instinctively and without question in order to follow their religion and cultural tradition, Najwa in the fictional workMinaretand Shelina in the memoirLove in a Headscarfdecide to wear it reflectively after long contemplation and much soul searching. Such experiences convincingly and creatively refute the assumption that hijab is imposed on Muslim women by male relatives and dispel the most widespread stereotype that it is synonymous with female oppression.
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Lipscomb, Allen E., and Wendy Ashley. "Black Male Grief Through the Lens of Racialization and Oppression: Effective Instruction for Graduate Clinical Programs." International Research in Higher Education 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v3n2p51.
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Although Black males have experienced mental health challenges analogous to other marginalized populations, Black men dealing with loss and trauma have a greater risk of experiencing severe mental health challenges than their White counterparts due to racism, classism, economic inequalities and socio-political injustices in existence since slavery. Although slavery was legally abolished in the United States in 1865, the legacy of slavery continues via systemic oppression, historical trauma and race based economic inequality. Thus, Black males’ lived experience is entrenched with elements of psychological, historical, interpersonal, and intrapsychic anguish. Black men experience grief from multiple avenues, including loss, trauma and the psychological impact of oppression. The authors explored the grief experiences of Racialized Black Men (N = 77) to identify the needs and challenges of this vulnerable population. Utilizing a Critical Race Theory (CRT) lens, recommendations are provided to educate mental health therapists both in graduate programs and as practitioners in the field regarding anti-oppressive clinical practices. Finally, effective clinical intervention practices are explored, with specific strategies for White and non-White therapists when working with this unique and often underserved population in the United States.
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Lozada, Fantasy T., Robert J. Jagers, Chauncey D. Smith, Josefina Bañales, and Elan C. Hope. "Prosocial Behaviors of Black Adolescent Boys: An Application of a Sociopolitical Development Theory." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 5 (June 12, 2016): 493–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416652021.
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Sociopolitical development theory asserts that critical social analysis informs prosocial behaviors. We suggest that one aspect of Black adolescents’ critical social analysis development is an oppression analysis, in which Black adolescents consider (1) the importance of race to they are, (2) their personal feelings about their racial group, and (3) the experience of oppression for minority groups. The current study examined oppression analysis as a latent construct among a sample of 265 Black male adolescents in Grades 7 to 10 from three suburban districts in the Midwestern United States. Structural equation modeling revealed that received parental racial pride messages, but not school-based discrimination experiences, predicted Black male adolescents’ oppression analysis. An oppression analysis and school-based discrimination had direct effects on prosocial behaviors. Racial pride messages had an indirect effect on prosocial behaviors through oppression analysis. In addition, an oppression analysis had an indirect effect on prosocial behaviors through social-emotional skills. This research offers insight into the role of Black boys’ critical social analysis among individual and contextual factors in facilitating positive developmental outcomes.
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Zahrawi, Samar. "The Hierarchy of Oppression, from Authoritarianism to Misogyny: A Study in the Monodrama of Mamdouh ʿUdwan." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol6no1.2.
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This paper will focus on the drama of the Syrian dramatist and poet Mamdouh ʿUdwan (1941-2004), who has not yet received due critical attention. During his twenty years writing for the stage, ʿUdwan resisted oppressive political regimes and was consequently marginalized and impoverished. Due to censorship, his drama does not delineate the free society that he dreams of, nor does it openly censure the sources of corruption. On the contrary, he creates ambiguous male characters who enjoy a measure of dignity and social decorum but simultaneously unravel their toxic masculinity and oppressive nature. On the other hand, women are kept offstage and are victims of either male chauvinism or social hypocrisy. This study will follow the unmasking of male authority and its parallel to political and economic hegemony. The purpose is to critique the values of Arab culture, which customarily cements male privilege. An analytical study of the form and content of ʿUdwan’s monodramas That’s Life (1987), The Garbage Collector (1987), and The Cannibals (1984) will link oppressive social behavior to political autocracy. It suggests that misogyny and oppression of women are consequences of men feeling crushed by dictatorship and corruption.
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Sanjo, Ojedoja. "An ecofeminist study of Flora Nwapa’s ‘Efuru’." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 7, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v7i3.11.
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This paper identified the great contribution of Flora Nwapa’s Efuru to ideas of ecological consciousness, and environmental protection, using theory that interlaces ecocriticism cum feminist criticism. The methodology therefore involves the conversation or ideas on the images of women and nature in ‘Efuru’, the association between the oppression of women and exploitation of nature by male chauvinist, thereby enslaving the female and nature in the commercial market value. From an ecofeminist perspective, this paper discovered that Flora Nwapa inculcates her novel with a theme of feminine and natural liberation from domination and violence. Flora Nwapa foresees the establishment of symbiosis, in which there is no male oppression or environment exploitation.Keywords: ecological conscience, male oppression, ecofeminism, domination, interconnectedness
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Fitri, Nurliana, and Erni Suparti. "ANALYZING THE PORTRAYAL OF PATRIARCHAL OPPRESSION TOWARDS THE FEMALE CHARACTERS IN J.K. ROWLING’S THE CASUAL VACANCY: A REFLECTIVE POST-FEMINIST CRITICS." Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics (CaLLs) 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v2i1.703.
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The oppression and subordination towards woman mostly happened because of the patriarchal system which exists in the society. The purposes of this study are to analyze the portrayal of patriarchal symbols in the society of Pagford Town in J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy and the patriarchal system abuse or oppression towards the female characters in J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy. The results of the study show six symbols of patriarchy which is found in the novel. They are female as sex objects in public patriarchy, male as villain in public patriarchy, male as villain in private patriarchy, female as the faulty in private patriarchy, female as mother or angel in the house in private patriarchy and female as damsel in distress in private patriarchy. The study also shows the indication of abuse occurred to several female characters. The patriarchy system generated from the participation of the male and female is the main cause of the sustainability of female oppression and subordination in the society.Keywords: patriarchy, symbol, oppression, abuse, victimization, The Casual Vacancy
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Male Oppression"
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Pettersson, Fredrik. "Discourse and Oppression in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5766.
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Schmidt, Marlene. "We who are about to... : FEMALE CHARACTERS IN SCIENCE FICTION REPRESENTING WOMEN’S STRUGGLE AGAINST MALE OPPRESSION." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-24600.
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This essay uses feminist theory to examine whether the female narrator in Joanna Russ science fiction novel We who are about to… can be viewed as a personification of women’s struggle against an oppressive male society. The thesis of the essay is that the female narrator’s struggle against the male oppressors in the novel represents the struggle for women’s rights in Western society. The essay will also examine if teaching feminist theory and including women science fiction writers in the classroom will promote gender equality and thus fulfil the requirements of the Swedish curriculum.
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Kubichan, Jill. "Do it Yourself: A Content Analysis of Free Pornographic Tube Sites." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3035.
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In 2008 it was reported that there are approximately 28,258 internet users viewing pornography every second, and that men look at pornography online more than any other subject matter (Eberstadt 2009). Pornography has become a primary tool of sex education for young men (Bowater 2011) with the average age of first exposure being age 11 (Stefan 2012). However, research on viewer understanding and interpretation of the images is scarce. What are boys learning about sexuality as they watch pornography? Do they use pornography as a ‘how-to’ manual expressing a desire to mimic the onscreen act or do they use pornography as a general stimulant expressing a generalized pleasure, interpreting the act in alternative ways? The pro-pornography stance stresses the agency of the viewer, meaning the viewer has the ability to access a broad array of content creating a poly-semiotic or figurative experience. The anti-pornography stance stresses the agency of the industry, meaning the industry pushes a dominant design creating a mono-semiotic or literal experience. The purpose of this study is to look at how viewers of online pornography interpret what they see. By analyzing viewer comments sampled from free pornographic tube sites, this study seeks to understand the extent of viewer agency; do men interpret pornographic images literally or figuratively?
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Janusik, Aleksandra. "Skyddsgrundande asylskäl : En studie om det "manliga nätverkets" betydelse i skyddsbedömningen av asylsökande kvinnor från Somalia och Afghanistan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323061.
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I länder som Afghanistan och Somalia är kvinnor rättsligt underordnade män och har sällan möjlighet att erhålla statligt skydd mot könsrelaterad förföljelse. I dessa länder är kvinnors skydd och överlevnad i stor utsträckning beroende av att det i sitt hemland har tillgång till ett manligt nätverk. En kvinna som saknar ett manligt nätverk i hemlandet löper stor risk att utsättas för könsrelaterad förföljelse vid ett återvändande till hemlandet. Enligt den svenska utlänningslagen beaktas kön som en förföljelsegrund som ska kunna grunda rätt till uppehållstillstånd i Sverige. Trots den svenska lagbestämmelsen nekas kvinnor som åberopat skyddsgrunden könsrelaterad förföljelse sin rätt till asyl i Sverige. I vissa fall avslås ansökan med hänvisning till att kvinnan vid ett återvändande ska vända sig till manligt nätverk för skydd mot könsrelaterad förföljelse. Syftet med uppsatsen är att genomföra en kritisk analys av Migrationsverkets och Migrationsdomstolens praxis att hänvisa kvinnliga asylsökande till manligt nätverk i hemlandet. För att uppnå studiens syfte har jag studerat asylbeslut som avser kvinnor från Somalia och Afghanistan. Studien visar på att kvinnors tillgång respektive avsaknad av manligt nätverk i hemlandet har betydelse för rättsinsatsernas skyddsbedömning. Min ambition med denna framställning är att i dialog med postkolonial teori kring den subalterna kvinnans dubbelutsatthet och rättighetsdiskursens begränsade effekt att motverka diskriminering problematisera rättsinstansernas hänvisning till det manliga nätverket.In countries such as Afghanistan and Somalia, women are legally subordinate to men. Due to womens subordinated role, women are depended on their access to a male network in order to secure their protection and survival in their home country. An asylum seeking women without a male network is at high risk of being subjected to gender related persecution when being sent her country of origin. The Swedish Aliens Act Utlänningslag states that fear of gender-based persecution is considered as a base for asylum claim. However, it has shown that asylum seeking women claiming fear of gender-related persecution are denied their right to asylum in Sweden. In some cases the Swedish Migration Board direct the applicant to seek protection within her male network in the applicant’s country. The aim of this thesis is to conduct a critical analysis of the Swedish Migration Board and Migration Court's practice of referring female asylum seekers to their "male network". I have studied asylum decisions made by Swedish Migration Board and Migration Court's regarding women from Somalia and Afghanistan. The study shows that women's access and lack of male network in their country of origin is crucial for the Swedish judicial assessments in establishing whether the women is considered to be in need of protection. My goal with this study is to problematize this issue by implementing a postcolonial theory of the subaltern women’s two folded oppression and the limited effect of the legal discourse to eliminate discrimination.
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Quintal, Shanda. "Fair to Middlin’: How the Mediocre White Male Trope as the Exemplar of Human Experience and Universal Truth Fails to Adequately Prepare the Diverse Field of Contemporary Actors and Audiences in Film, Television and Theatre Today." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2678.
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Non-traditional casting has been a controversial practice in film, television and theatre that was implemented to offer people of color and women opportunities which had previously been available to white or male performers. The following is a case study documenting the process by which I have discovered that non-traditional casting as a practice contributes to the oppression of people of color as well as supports the status quo of the white patriarchy. This case study is analyzed from the historical, sociological, psychological and philosophical theories and ideologies relevant to the unsuccessful attempt of a female actor of African-American descent at portraying a white, Evangelical, male minister. It concludes with an invitation and an approach to making better people.
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Toseva, Gergana, and Karin Selin. "Bortom binären -En litteratur studie om Transgender teori och vad den möjligen kan bidra till i socialt arbete." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26011.
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Beyond the binary borders of sex-A LITTERATURE STUDY ABOUT TRANSGENDER THEORY AND ITS POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO A SOCIAL WORK CONTEXT.GERGANA TOSEVAKARIN SELINA thesis in Social work studies (15 credits) at Malmö University, Hälsa och Samhälle 2012.The discussion about sex and gender is always prominent in a social work context. Our purpose and questions are hence based on the discussion on transgender theory and the way of thinking about the non-binary, and how it relates to the nearby theories. The method of the essay consists of a semi systematic literature overview with the focus on discussing transgender theory in relation to other theories and perspectives, such as modernism, post modernism, feminism and queer theory. We answer the following questions:1.Is it possible to go beyond or exceed the binary of sex and if so, how do we see it in the material we examined?2.In what way are the existing theories of sex / gender in the binary?3.Can one featuring a female embodied subject be of assistance to transgender people's search for an embodied subject?We consider it possible to move beyond the binary by using “fuzzy logic”(Nagoshi & Brzuzy 2010, Tauchert 2002) which is a way of staying in the binary but expanding the term and work in the grey areas instead. Furthermore do we believe a female embodied subject can be of great importance to the transgender people because that is the other half of the issue of equality.
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Moreno, Eliana Beatriz. "A loucura e o feminino na obra de Florbela Espanca." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=242.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer a relação entre a loucura e a submissão feminina, tendo como causa o poder masculino, retratada de forma ampla nas obras e cartas de Florbela Espanca, poetisa portuguesa do início do século XX. Um olhar no regime econômico vigente na época, o Capitalismo, é de grande importância para contextualização da mulher na sociedade, que transforma gradualmente, o papel social feminino. Com uma nova posição no mundo surgem mulheres com questionamentos e reavaliações bastante peculiares para a época. Em Portugal, na Literatura o processo começa a ser registrado primeiramente, de forma amadora nos salões de chá e depois, muito lentamente, em publicações literárias. Considerando a importância da interdisciplinariedade foi utilizado para o presente estudo conhecimentos na área de psicanálise como respaldo científico para, análise das cartas e dos sonetos compostos por Florbela Espanca relacionando-os com os desequilíbrios emocionais também denominados neurastenia.The of aim of the present work is to establish a relationship between madness and female submission as a result of male power, widely portrayed in the works by Florbela Espanca, a portuguese poet from the beginning of the 20th century. The economic regime of Capitalism current at that time has a great importance for the womens changing place in society, which also changed, little by little, social female roles. With a new position, a different kind of woman begins to question and re-evaluate various issues in a very unusual way for the time. In Portugal, it is in Literature, at first, that this process starts to be recorded, in an amateur way in tea rooms and then, slowly, in literary publications. Considering the importance of interdisciplinarity in the literary field, the present work draws on Psychoanalysis as the basis for the analysis of the letters and sonnets written by Florbela Espanca, linking these to the emotional condition named neurasthenia.
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Gignac, Patrick Joseph. "Oppressive relationships/related oppressions ethnicity, gender, and sexuality and the role of gay identity in James Baldwin's Another country and Hubert Fichte's Versuch über die Pubertät /." Connect to this title online, 1996. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63422.pdf.
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Feldman, Nehara. "Migrations de l'oppression : rapports sociaux de sexe et divisions du groupe des femmes au sein d'un segment de lignage originaire de la région de Kayes (Mali)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0091.
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La présente thèse développe une série d'interrogations concernant la nature et les formes que prennent les rapports sociaux de sexe au sein d'une société d'Afrique de l'Ouest caractérisée par une forte mobilité géographique. Elle repose principalement sur l'étude des différentes configurations de relations intra-familiales au sein d'un segment de lignage dispersé sur plusieurs territoires, et dont les principaux lieux actuels de résidence sont un village de la région de Kayes, Bamako, et la région parisienne. Elle présente d'abord une alternative à la manière androcentrique avec laquelle l'organisation sociale du milieu étudié a été présentée jusque-là. Y est développée ensuite une interrogation d'une part, sur l'exploitation des femmes au sein des unités domestiques, d'autre part, sur le lien entre accès au monétaire et accès à l'autonomie. Enfin, y sont traités les mécanismes de l'oppression des femmes repérés par l'analyse et les stratégies qu'elles leur opposent. L'ensemble de l'analyse met en évidence un entrecroisement complexe de rapports de pouvoir : les rapports de pouvoir entre les sexes au sein du segment de lignage se surajoutent à d'autres rapports de pouvoir, entre les groupes d'âge, entre les membres liées par filiation et liées par alliance, sur quoi vient se greffer, dans le contexte migratoire, la hiérarchie entre les personnes selon le lieu auquel ils/elles sont associé-e-sThe thesis explores the nature and variety of forms that gender relations may take within a West African society that is characterized by significant geographical dispersion. The current study focuses on analyzing the dispersion-induced changes in intra-familial relations between men and women within a specific lineage segment. Though scattered over several territories, this lineage segment is concentrated mainly in three places: a village in the Kayes region of Mali, Mali's capital Bamako and the Paris region in France. The study starts by developing alternatives to the current androcentric analysis of this milieu and its social structure. In the second part, we investigate two questions concerning the management of the domestic unit. The first is about the exploitation of women within such units. The second concerns the possible connections between the women' s access to money and their reach for autonomy. Finally, we investigate the mechanisms used to oppress women, as well as strategies these women can and do use to resist this oppression. In summary, we reveal evidence for a complex interplay of intersecting power relations. The power relations between women and men within the lineage segment are crisscrossed by power relations between age-cohorts and those between members connected to the lineage by filiation and those by marriage. And added to this, we find hierarchies and power relations engendered by the localities with which the respective members are affiliated
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Byrskog, Sara. "Participation in women’s groups: a mean to overcome oppression? : A Field Study made in urban Bolivia." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26847.
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This Bachelor’s thesis is the result of a field study conducted in urban Bolivia. The aim of the study was to get a deeper understanding of the factors that can endorse or limit the potential for the women in a women’s group to influence social and economic agendas. It is a qualitative study that concerns the international social work with a women’s group, whose purpose seek to serve professional management in the production and selling of handicrafts. Participant observations in the women’s group, as well as interviews with two of the international social workers involved with the group were conducted. The results were analysed using a feminist theory perspective, with intersectionality theory as the main tool for analysis. The findings show that the access to income-generating activities can widen the elements of social identification for the women through active learning-processes, and further move towards an image where they become social actors. Concerns regarded if decision-making power were equally distributed among all women in the group.
Books on the topic "Male Oppression"
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Adams, Peter J. Masculine empire: How men use violence to keep women in line. Auckland, N.Z: Dunmore Pub., 2012.
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Make poverty personal: The Bible's call to end oppression. Springvale, Vic: Urban Neighbours of Hope, 2006.
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Bettcher, Talia Mae. Intersexuality, Transgender, and Transsexuality. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.21.
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This essay discusses the complex relations between feminist theory and trans and intersex theory and politics. It charts the emergence of a “beyond-the binary” model of oppression that frames trans and intersex oppression in terms of a hostile binary—a binary that forces out anything in-between the categories male/man and female/woman. This chapter shows how this model has unfortunately resulted in political impasse, particularly in articulating a feminism that sees trans and intersex oppression as intersecting with sexist oppression. The chapter excavates and interrogates the roots of this model in, for example, the responses of Sandy Stone and Kate Bornstein to the transphobic feminism of Janice Raymond, and provides an alternative way of conceptualizing trans and intersex oppression more congenial to an intersectional framework. It proceeds by taking seriously a specific form of transphobic sexual violation, namely, “reality enforcement.”
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Donahue, Thomas J. Unfreedom for All. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051686.001.0001.
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It is often said that we live in global systems of injustice. But if so, what are they, and what are their moral consequences? This book offers a theory of global injustice—“Unfreedom for All.” The theory explores and defends the old adage that “No one is free while others are oppressed” by putting five questions: Why and when ought we to combat injustices done to distant others, and does this require joining in solidarity against them? Do we live under global systems of injustice? What counts as systematic injustice or oppression? Who if anyone is made unfree by such injustices? What harms do they do? Unfreedom for All shows that the “No one is free” creed either answers or results from each of these questions. It defends that creed by considering how systematic injustices—such as global severe poverty, male supremacy, or racial oppression—are perpetuated. The book argues that where your society does such an injustice, it systematically suppresses anyone’s resistance to the injustice—including yours. It uses authoritarian tactics against everyone, so you too are subject to arbitrary power. Hence you too are unfree. This holds just as true of systematic injustices done by global society, and this should be the main reason for joining in solidarity against injustice.
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Marin, Mara. Care, Oppression, and Marriage as Commitment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 argues that the sphere of intimate care, which takes shape around the practice of attending to each other’s needs, makes us vulnerable to each other. Providing care requires “skills of flexibility” because needs make demands at times that cannot be easily foreseen, change over time, and have to be interpreted. Under current social arrangements and understandings of value, the labor involved in exercising these skills is made invisible, and thus a condition of mutual vulnerability is disproportionately placed on caregivers. This creates two social groups, caregivers and care receivers, that stand in an oppressive, unjust social relation. Marriage law reform should be guided by the aim of remedying this form of injustice. Marriage law should be modeled on the notion of commitment, which would acknowledge the structural, social relational, and open-ended nature of the claims of justice made on behalf of caregivers.
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Lindsay, Keisha. In a Classroom of Their Own. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041730.001.0001.
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Many supporters of all-black male schools (ABMS) argue that they reduce black boys’ exposure to racist, “overly” feminized teachers. In casting black boys as victims of intersecting racial and gendered oppression, these supporters -- many of whom are black males -- demand an end to racism in the classroom and do so on the sexist assumption that women teachers are emasculating. This rationale for ABMS raises two questions that feminist theory has lost sight of. Why do oppressed groups articulate their experience in ways that challenge and reproduce inequality? Is it possible to build emancipatory political coalitions among groups who make such claims? This book answers these questions by articulating a new politics of experience. It begins by demonstrating that intersectionality is a politically fluid rather than an always feminist analytical framework. It also reveals a dialectical reality in which groups’ experiential claims rest on harmful assumptions and foster emancipatory demands. This book concludes that black male supporters of single-gender schools for black boys can build worthwhile coalitions around this complex reality when they interrogate their own as well as their critics’ assumptions and demands. Doing so enables these supporters to engage in educational advocacy that recognizes the value of public schools while criticizing the quality of such schools available to black boys and black girls.
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Marin, Mara. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.003.0001.
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The introduction argues that actions aimed at transforming oppressive social structures encounter a problem it calls “the circle of powerlessness and denial,” a problem that follows from the structural character of social oppression. To address it, a conception of our obligations to transform social oppression has to adopt a methodological approach that links the normative question of our obligations to dismantle oppressive structures to the descriptive question of what makes these structures enduring. The notion of commitment is superior to its alternatives for its ability to link these two questions. “Commitment” offers terms that can describe and thus make visible the connections we have in virtue of the fact that we inhabit shared social structures, as well as the normative implications of these connections. Making these connections visible is key to addressing the circle of powerlessness and denial.
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Marin, Mara. Connected by Commitment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.001.0001.
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Connected by Commitment examines our obligations to transform structures of oppression and argues that they should be understood on the model of “commitments.” Commitments are relationships of obligation developed over time through the accumulated effect of open-ended actions and responses. The book examines three spheres of social relations (legal relations, intimate relations of care, and work relations) and argues that in each of them oppressive relations are maintained by processes that make a mutual vulnerability invisible and in so doing are able to place it disproportionately on disadvantaged social groups. The notion of commitment is crucial for understanding how these processes can be undermined and oppressive structures can be transformed because it can explain how the cumulative effects of individual actions are implicated in sustaining oppressive relations. For example, understanding legal relations as commitments makes visible the continuous labor of compliance required by the law from those it governs and, in so doing, makes visible both the unequal burdens the law puts on different social groups and the possibilities of resistance intrinsic to the enforcement function of the law. The notion of commitment highlights the fact that we incur obligations to dismantle unjust social structures in virtue of our participation in them over time, of the cumulative effects of our actions, irrespective of our intentions. Commitment is essential to making sense of our collective obligations to transform oppression, and thus it offers a model of solidarity against multiple forms of oppression.
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Morris, Pam. The Waves: Blasphemy of Laughter and Criticism. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419130.003.0005.
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The Waves enacts an immense widening of the scale of the perceptible from intestines and nerve endings to the movement of tides and seasons. Continuous with this comprehensive view of the physical world, the politics of the novel centres upon the fact of embodiment as the human condition and upon the determining disciplinary effects of that bodily being. The novel constitutes an extended palimpsest of Lucretius’ poem, De Rerum Natura. Like Lucretius, Woolf’s materialist aim is to denounce false systems of cultural belief but equally to contrast that conscripted social order with a poetic, empirical vision of the physical universe – hence the two-part structure of her novel. By associating her text with the work of a prestigious, but blasphemous, classical writer, Woolf challenges male, idealist definitions of culture and civilization that underpin gender, class and imperialist oppression.
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Faxneld, Per. Witches as Rebels against Patriarchy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664473.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 provides a reading of how the subversive potential of the figure of the witch was utilized to attack the oppression of women. It commences with a discussion of Jules Michelet’s La Sorcière (1862), then considers how medical discourse on historical witches as hysterics was conflated with slander of feminists as hysterical and caricatures of them as witches. After that follows a treatment of American feminist Matilda Joslyn Gage, who presented the early modern witch cult as a Satanic rebellion against patriarchal injustice, and folklorist Charles Leland, who drew approbatory parallels between witches and the feminism of his day. The chapter demonstrates how Gage borrowed from both Michelet and Blavatsky in her texts. Finally, visual representations of the witch are discussed, focusing on how she was a symbol of female strength in both positive and negative ways in the sculptures and paintings of male as well as female artists.
Book chapters on the topic "Male Oppression"
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Ho, Yi Chien Jade, and Pei Ting Tham. "Beyond tropes: a dialogue on Asian women's experiences in the outdoors." In Leisure activities in the outdoors: learning, developing and challenging, 67–77. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248203.0006.
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Abstract In this chapter, researchers offer their own experiences through an extended dialogue between a long-term outdoor educator in Australia and a researcher of outdoor education in Canada. They engage and share their conversations in order to highlight the ways in which outdoor education as an industry and academic field perpetuates systems of racial and gender oppression. Although the chapter centres on racial and gender discrimination embedded in outdoor education policy and practices, the conversation also presents the ways in which class further entrenches systemic discrimination. Each axis of oppression works intersectionally to create unequal material conditions, further marginalizing people and communities who are not white, middle-class and/or male (Crenshaw, 1989; hooks, 2015; Taylor, 2017).
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Sukumar, Deepthi. "Personal Narrative: Caste Is My Period." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 137–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_13.
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Abstract Deepthi Sukumar uses her personal experiences of menstruation as a Dalit woman to bring out the intersectionality of caste and gender in menstrual taboos. She explains the different cultural backgrounds of women in India and the patriarchal design of using menstrual taboos for male supremacy and caste hierarchy. While exploring and analyzing the different patterns of menstrual taboos and their implications, Sukumar shows the gaps in feminist understanding of the intersectionality of caste and patriarchy. She concludes by observing that the discourse on menstrual taboos should become the focal point to build inclusion and understand gender inequality and oppression within the framework of intersectionality.
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Perianes, Milena Bacalja, and Dalitso Ndaferankhande. "Becoming Female: The Role of Menarche Rituals in “Making Women” in Malawi." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 423–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_33.
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Abstract This chapter uses qualitative research methods to explore the role that menarche rituals play in making women in Malawi—specifically, the role that ritual and practice play in facilitating the integration of girls into social structures and in providing a means of codifying female behavior. Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande read these rituals through an African ontological position to move beyond understanding African women’s subjectivity through the lens of oppression and gender-based hierarchies. By situating menstruation in local epistemologies, Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande demonstrate how gender can be understood at a personal level, through the collective and relational experience of menstruation in Malawi. Findings from the research suggest that within Malawi, to be female is collectively ascribed, and individually understood, through the active and intelligible performance of menarche rituals and consequent menstrual practices. It is through such traditions, Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande show, that women are “made,” with their newly ascribed gender imbuing them with a locus of power within their communities.
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"Gender Oppression and Structural Oppression Theories of Feminism." In Philosophising Experiences and Vision of the Female Body, Mind, and Soul, 116–29. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4090-9.ch008.
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This chapter discusses gender oppression theories including feminist psychoanalytic theory and radical feminism. The former explains the oppression of women in terms of psychoanalytic descriptions of the male psychic drive to dominate and the latter in terms of men's ability and willingness to use violence to subjugate women. The chapter also discusses structural oppression theories including Marxist feminism, socialist feminism, and intersectionality feminism. Socialist feminism describes oppression as arising from a patriarchal and a capitalist attempt to control social production and reproduction. Intersectionality theories trace the consequences of class, race, gender, affectional preference, and global location for lived experience, group standpoints, and relations among women. The chapter closes by briefly looking at the relationship between feminism and postmodernism.
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Lindsay, Keisha. "The Double Dialectic between Experience and Politics." In In a Classroom of Their Own, 79–99. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041730.003.0004.
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There is a third reason why ABMS’ black male supporters proclaim their experience of oppression in ways that help and hinder a politics of resistance. Simply put, their experiential claims rest on harmful political assumptions and facilitate liberatory political demands. After noting feminist theorists who gesture toward but do not fully recognize this dialectic reality, this chapter highlights an important exception - historian Frances White’s realization that social groups often resist their oppression by embracing the discourse of their oppressors. This chapter ends by detailing what feminists can learn from White’s insight. The answer is that black males and other social groups cannot make ideal claims about their experience of oppression precisely because these claims shape and are shaped by all manner of politics.
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"The Gay Male Gaze: Body Image Disturbance and Gender Oppression Among Gay Men." In Gay Men Living with Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities, 57–76. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315864044-10.
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Lindsay, Keisha. "Antiracist, Antifeminist Intersectionality." In In a Classroom of Their Own, 52–78. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041730.003.0003.
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ABMS’ black male supporters conclude that black boys are oppressed not as blacks or as boys but as black boys who are taught in racist, female-dominated classrooms. This chapter demonstrates that in doing so these supporters embrace intersectionality and reveal it is a politically fluid heuristic rather than a necessarily feminist framework. Put otherwise, while intersectionality highlights how race, gender, and other arenas of oppression interact it does not dictate which arenas, who is consequently oppressed, or how to alleviate their oppression. Black males, black Christians, working class whites, and other groups can thus use anti-feminist and anti-racist politics to define themselves as intersectionally disadvantaged and to offer ABMS, immigration quotas, and gay marriage as the best way to challenge their disadvantage.
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Murray, Hannah Lauren. "Coda: The Resurrection of Whiteness." In Liminal Whiteness in Early US Fiction, 175–82. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481731.003.0008.
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Drawing together discussions of White citizenship throughout the book, the Coda examines the detachment between civic ideals and the individual White male in Herman Melville’s The Confidence-Man. The eponymous trickster’s vocal mimicry across racial identities, akin to the spiritualist medium, fractures the self-contained self-made White male citizen, while at the same time enacting the ultimate social freedom to transgress those borders. The book closes with a turn to liminal Whiteness in the contemporary moment. The early US imagination of becoming less than White continues in the language of oppression, replacement, and genocide that frames White supremacist ethno-nationalist anxieties of racial mobility in the contemporary United States.
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Brown, Karen H. "From PWI to HBCU." In Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education, 53–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch003.
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Using critical race theory and Freire's theoretical framework of oppression as a guide, this chapter discusses institutionalized oppression through the lens of the chapter's author. She provides a collection of lived experiences in the form of short narratives. These narratives begin with the author's experiences as a Black student at predominantly White institutions (PWIs). The author describes many firsts—the first time she was referred to by a White male classmate as a beneficiary of Affirmative Action as the reason for admission into college and not by her merit, experienced low expectations of her academic ability, was called the N-word, and her first encounter with racial profiling. She then details personal accounts of navigating academia as a Black female faculty member in predominantly White institutions (PWIs), Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), as well as other organizations. Freire's theoretical framework on oppression guides her reflection and discussion of these Black-on-Black encounters. She ends the chapter with a discussion of actions taken.
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Brown, Karen H. "From PWI to HBCU." In Research Anthology on Racial Equity, Identity, and Privilege, 90–104. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4507-5.ch005.
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Using critical race theory and Freire's theoretical framework of oppression as a guide, this chapter discusses institutionalized oppression through the lens of the chapter's author. She provides a collection of lived experiences in the form of short narratives. These narratives begin with the author's experiences as a Black student at predominantly White institutions (PWIs). The author describes many firsts—the first time she was referred to by a White male classmate as a beneficiary of Affirmative Action as the reason for admission into college and not by her merit, experienced low expectations of her academic ability, was called the N-word, and her first encounter with racial profiling. She then details personal accounts of navigating academia as a Black female faculty member in predominantly White institutions (PWIs), Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), as well as other organizations. Freire's theoretical framework on oppression guides her reflection and discussion of these Black-on-Black encounters. She ends the chapter with a discussion of actions taken.
Reports on the topic "Male Oppression"
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Loureiro, Miguel, Maheen Pracha, Affaf Ahmed, Danyal Khan, and Mudabbir Ali. Accountability Bargains in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.046.
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Poor and marginalised citizens rarely engage directly with the state to solve their governance issues in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings, as these settings are characterised by the confrontational nature of state–citizen relations. Instead, citizens engage with, and make claims to, intermediaries some of them public authorities in their own right. What are these intermediaries’ roles, and which strategies and practices do they use to broker state–citizen engagement? We argue that in Pakistan intermediaries make themselves essential by: (1) being able to speak the language of public authorities; (2) constantly creating and sustaining networks outside their communities; and (3) building collectivising power by maintaining reciprocity relations with their communities. In doing so, households and intermediaries engage in what we are calling ‘accountability bargains’: strategies and practices intermediaries and poor and marginalised households employ in order to gain a greater degree of security and autonomy within the bounds of class, religious, and ethnic oppression.