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Journal articles on the topic 'Male Oppression'
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1
Rima, Rima, and Suci Suryani. "Exercising woman’s basic power : a story reflection." Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/lks.v16i1.12389.
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The purpose of this study is to disclose the sexist oppressions experienced by the female protagonist in a story, to observe the solidarity she received in going through the oppression, and to examine her personal basic power to release the oppression. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The method used is analyzing the source of data is in the form of the characters’ monolog, dialog, and author’s narration which are collected intensively in the short story. This study is based on the perspectives of bell hooks (1984) that elaborates sexist oppression, solidarity and personal basic power. The sexist oppressions experienced by the female protagonist in a story that is caused by the social value embedded in the patriarchy society that puts woman as the subordinate and Anita’s father is the male antagonist who shows domination over her. In the story, Anita’s husband is the male protagonist who gives his empathy to Anita to go through the oppression. The last result elaborates that solidarity obtained will support Anita to exercise her basic power. This is required to face the oppression and to release Anita from sexist oppression so that she will be able to put herself from margin to centre.
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Hollis, Maree A. "Oppression at Trade School." Australian Journal of Education 36, no. 1 (April 1992): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419203600107.
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Sixty-two women in the first to fourth year of an apprenticeship in various traditionally male-dominated trades described their experiences at trade school and their responses to the generally oppressive environment. Although some teachers and male classmates were supportive, most were not and the women were isolated, verbally abused and sexually and physically harassed. A macho-male atmosphere existed where women were not wanted and were not regarded as competent. The women felt excluded from male groups and were under pressure to perform. The women were strong-minded, resilient and successful and felt competent and able to fit in with the men. Most support came from parents. The cultural background of the ‘tradesman’ was discussed to help understand why the women were treated in such a discriminatory way in the trade school classes.
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Huggins, Janet. "Exploring Male Oppression from a Family–Systems Perspective." Journal of Baha’i Studies 3, no. 2 (1990): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-3.2.5(1990).
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This article explores sexual inequality and oppression from a family-systems perspective. This perspective was adopted to encourage a more balanced and less prejudiced examination of these issues and to avoid the usual and limiting villain-victim conceptualization. The ideas in this article were originally prepared for a conference on the equality of men and women that was designed to help both sexes better understand each other’s perspective. The article draws parallels between adolescent sex role development and the current evolutionary stage of our society. It offers examples of how both men and women are oppressed, albeit differently, and how the oppression of one sex directly results in the oppression of the other sex. The implications of achieving equality for both world peace and individual intrapsychic unity are outlined.
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Benson, Jennifer. "Freedom as Going Off Script." Hypatia 29, no. 2 (2014): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12033.
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In this manuscript I explore an example of an over‐privileged white woman who encounters two young Black men in a parking garage stairwell. Two related axioms are central to the oppressive script that lies before these subjects: the hetero‐patriarchal axiom that women are not safe alone at night and the racist axiom that Black men, especially young ones, are dangerous. These axioms are intended to ensure a practical conclusion—white women and Black men are supposed to avoid each other—thereby conferring legitimacy on the white male, hetero‐patriarchal order. If this is a performance of oppression, we must ask, what is the performance of freedom?Freedom, I argue, is the practice of allowing and encouraging a subject's multiple selves to interact so that one may devise and pursue courses of action that have been strategically hidden by systems of domination designed to cultivate pliant agency. My project augments accounts of multiplicitous subjectivity wherein our multiple social worlds socially constitute persons as both oppressor and oppressed, empowered and pliant. The practice of freedom conceived here acknowledges multiplicity while positioning us to seek feminist and antiracist futures that are not configured by oppression.
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Hasan, Md Mahmudul. "Oppression versus Liberation." Hawwa 14, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341305.
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This article analyzes the representation ofhijaband of hijab-wearing women in two post-9/11 British literary texts, Leila Aboulela’sMinaret(2005) and Shelina Janmohamed’sLove in a Headscarf(2009). It discusses the strong resolve of the heroines of these works with regard to wearing the hijab despite opposition to it from within their peers, friends and family members as well as Islamophobic hostility to this most overt and visible marker of Muslim identity. While many women wear hijab instinctively and without question in order to follow their religion and cultural tradition, Najwa in the fictional workMinaretand Shelina in the memoirLove in a Headscarfdecide to wear it reflectively after long contemplation and much soul searching. Such experiences convincingly and creatively refute the assumption that hijab is imposed on Muslim women by male relatives and dispel the most widespread stereotype that it is synonymous with female oppression.
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Lipscomb, Allen E., and Wendy Ashley. "Black Male Grief Through the Lens of Racialization and Oppression: Effective Instruction for Graduate Clinical Programs." International Research in Higher Education 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v3n2p51.
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Although Black males have experienced mental health challenges analogous to other marginalized populations, Black men dealing with loss and trauma have a greater risk of experiencing severe mental health challenges than their White counterparts due to racism, classism, economic inequalities and socio-political injustices in existence since slavery. Although slavery was legally abolished in the United States in 1865, the legacy of slavery continues via systemic oppression, historical trauma and race based economic inequality. Thus, Black males’ lived experience is entrenched with elements of psychological, historical, interpersonal, and intrapsychic anguish. Black men experience grief from multiple avenues, including loss, trauma and the psychological impact of oppression. The authors explored the grief experiences of Racialized Black Men (N = 77) to identify the needs and challenges of this vulnerable population. Utilizing a Critical Race Theory (CRT) lens, recommendations are provided to educate mental health therapists both in graduate programs and as practitioners in the field regarding anti-oppressive clinical practices. Finally, effective clinical intervention practices are explored, with specific strategies for White and non-White therapists when working with this unique and often underserved population in the United States.
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Lozada, Fantasy T., Robert J. Jagers, Chauncey D. Smith, Josefina Bañales, and Elan C. Hope. "Prosocial Behaviors of Black Adolescent Boys: An Application of a Sociopolitical Development Theory." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 5 (June 12, 2016): 493–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416652021.
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Sociopolitical development theory asserts that critical social analysis informs prosocial behaviors. We suggest that one aspect of Black adolescents’ critical social analysis development is an oppression analysis, in which Black adolescents consider (1) the importance of race to they are, (2) their personal feelings about their racial group, and (3) the experience of oppression for minority groups. The current study examined oppression analysis as a latent construct among a sample of 265 Black male adolescents in Grades 7 to 10 from three suburban districts in the Midwestern United States. Structural equation modeling revealed that received parental racial pride messages, but not school-based discrimination experiences, predicted Black male adolescents’ oppression analysis. An oppression analysis and school-based discrimination had direct effects on prosocial behaviors. Racial pride messages had an indirect effect on prosocial behaviors through oppression analysis. In addition, an oppression analysis had an indirect effect on prosocial behaviors through social-emotional skills. This research offers insight into the role of Black boys’ critical social analysis among individual and contextual factors in facilitating positive developmental outcomes.
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Zahrawi, Samar. "The Hierarchy of Oppression, from Authoritarianism to Misogyny: A Study in the Monodrama of Mamdouh ʿUdwan." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol6no1.2.
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This paper will focus on the drama of the Syrian dramatist and poet Mamdouh ʿUdwan (1941-2004), who has not yet received due critical attention. During his twenty years writing for the stage, ʿUdwan resisted oppressive political regimes and was consequently marginalized and impoverished. Due to censorship, his drama does not delineate the free society that he dreams of, nor does it openly censure the sources of corruption. On the contrary, he creates ambiguous male characters who enjoy a measure of dignity and social decorum but simultaneously unravel their toxic masculinity and oppressive nature. On the other hand, women are kept offstage and are victims of either male chauvinism or social hypocrisy. This study will follow the unmasking of male authority and its parallel to political and economic hegemony. The purpose is to critique the values of Arab culture, which customarily cements male privilege. An analytical study of the form and content of ʿUdwan’s monodramas That’s Life (1987), The Garbage Collector (1987), and The Cannibals (1984) will link oppressive social behavior to political autocracy. It suggests that misogyny and oppression of women are consequences of men feeling crushed by dictatorship and corruption.
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Sanjo, Ojedoja. "An ecofeminist study of Flora Nwapa’s ‘Efuru’." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 7, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v7i3.11.
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This paper identified the great contribution of Flora Nwapa’s Efuru to ideas of ecological consciousness, and environmental protection, using theory that interlaces ecocriticism cum feminist criticism. The methodology therefore involves the conversation or ideas on the images of women and nature in ‘Efuru’, the association between the oppression of women and exploitation of nature by male chauvinist, thereby enslaving the female and nature in the commercial market value. From an ecofeminist perspective, this paper discovered that Flora Nwapa inculcates her novel with a theme of feminine and natural liberation from domination and violence. Flora Nwapa foresees the establishment of symbiosis, in which there is no male oppression or environment exploitation.Keywords: ecological conscience, male oppression, ecofeminism, domination, interconnectedness
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Fitri, Nurliana, and Erni Suparti. "ANALYZING THE PORTRAYAL OF PATRIARCHAL OPPRESSION TOWARDS THE FEMALE CHARACTERS IN J.K. ROWLING’S THE CASUAL VACANCY: A REFLECTIVE POST-FEMINIST CRITICS." Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics (CaLLs) 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v2i1.703.
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The oppression and subordination towards woman mostly happened because of the patriarchal system which exists in the society. The purposes of this study are to analyze the portrayal of patriarchal symbols in the society of Pagford Town in J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy and the patriarchal system abuse or oppression towards the female characters in J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy. The results of the study show six symbols of patriarchy which is found in the novel. They are female as sex objects in public patriarchy, male as villain in public patriarchy, male as villain in private patriarchy, female as the faulty in private patriarchy, female as mother or angel in the house in private patriarchy and female as damsel in distress in private patriarchy. The study also shows the indication of abuse occurred to several female characters. The patriarchy system generated from the participation of the male and female is the main cause of the sustainability of female oppression and subordination in the society.Keywords: patriarchy, symbol, oppression, abuse, victimization, The Casual Vacancy
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Anderson, Eric, and Mark McCormack. "Comparing the Black and Gay Male Athlete: Patterns in American Oppression." Journal of Men's Studies 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.1802.145.
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Etchells, Matthew James, Elizabeth Deuermeyer, Vanessa M. Liles, Samantha Meister, Mario I. Suárez, and Warren Chalklen. "White Male Privilege: An intersectional deconstruction." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/78.
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This research saliently deconstructs the philosophical writing of a white, privileged male by five diverse academic peers by using a methodology of deconstruction to analyze the initial author’s writing. Their reflects on his nascent perspectives address the stages of racism, mea culpa, the relationship between privilege, oppression, and classism, a feminist perspective, binary, and intersectionality. Further analysis connote for the need to deconstruct privilege in a literary context and to develop an autoethnography to fully delve into privilege beyond a superficial and neglectful narrative.
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Koffi Kodah, Mawuloe, and Anukware Aku Xornami Togoh. "Réactions des femmes face au conflit de genre dans C’est le soleil qui m’a brûlée et Tu t’appelleras Tanga de Calixthe Beyala." Asemka: A Bi-Lingual Literary Journal of University of Cape Coast, no. 10 (September 1, 2020): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/asemka.vi10.271.
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This paper examines the reactions of women to gender conflict in Calixthe Beyala‟s C’est le soleil qui m’a brulée and Tu t’appelleras Tanga. Driven by the impulse of feminism, Beyala brings to the fore the age-old conflict between man and woman as fuelled by traditional values which serve as ideological grounding for manipulation and oppressive exploitation of women by their male counterparts. This antithetical situation resulting from biological differences between the two sexes is the source of perpetual conflict which serves as raw material for these two Beyala‟s narrative texts. The study seeks to critically reflect on the various ways women in Beyala‟s C’est le soleil qui m’a brulée and Tu t’appelleras Tanga react to oppression and exploitation resulting from patriarchal domination. It therefore examines the sources, nature of this conflict, and how women react to it in the two novels. Besides, it critically examines the extent to which these reactions are justified. The study points to the fact that, much as conflict emanating from patriarchal oppression and male‟s domination in human societies is inimical to the rights of women, the methods used by the latter to free themselves from this state of being remain questionable, in that, these methods defy rational thinking and are also a kind of reversal oppression and domination which are equally unacceptable. The paper is posited within Carolyn Allen‟s (1978) feminist conceptual framework. It is based on critical literary analysis of textual data collected from the aforementioned narrative texts of Beyala.
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Dwi Astuti, Ratna, and Nurdien Harry Kistanto. "Women Oppression as a Result of Male Dominated Culture as Represented in Shenoy’s Novel ‘The Secret Wish List’." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131703005.
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Oppression is the name of social injustice. It is perpetuated through social institutions, practices, and norms on the social group by social group. Indian society belongs to the man since a long time ago Indian woman has been given a secondary and inferior position in family and society. She has faced injustice, suppression, oppression, subjugation, and exploitation in a male-dominated Indian society. It has been worst because of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study describes how male domination and woman’s oppression is experienced by an Indian woman and its explanation to what extent women reject male domination represented in The Secret Wish List novel by Preeti Shenoy. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative study and uses Derrida’s theory of deconstruction to support the data. The main theory used in this study is Simone de Beauvoir’s theory of Existentialist Feminism. This study shows that the novel deconstructs its portrayal of male domination towards women. So, by destabilizing the binary opposition in the novel, that are males oppose females, the males-females hierarchy are reversed.
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Walid, Messaoudi. "Patriarchy, Oppression and Illegal Migration in Leila Lalami's Collection of Short Stories “Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits”." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 5 (October 17, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i5.140.
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This paper generally will discuss the concepts of patriarchy, oppression and illegal migration in Leila Lalami's collection of short stories Hope and Other Dangerous pursuit. So basically, patriarchy is the dominance of male over female in which this relation of power over one gender towards the other results this kind of oppression. Thus, this paper, in a way, will theorize this concept and its relation to oppression within the Arab world. Also, illegal migration as a tool of oppression for those who illegally migrate in particular and then, for their parents and relatives in general. The discussion on this concept will be within the scope of Moroccan encounter with globalization or third world confrontation with the west.
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Mitchell, Lisa Meryn. "Women As Political Actors: A Reappraisal." NEXUS: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/nexus.v4i1.57.
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Research on women as political actors has tended to focus on their separateness from men, the opposition of their goals from male goals, and on their state of oppression. It is argued that this problematic orientation stems from three primary sources of theoretical bias current anthropological definitions of politics which emphasize power and conflict, an acceptance of the universal oppression of women, and the linking of gender to the public versus private domain paradigm. Suggestions are made to avoid these persistent biases -- troublesome straw men and women --- and to improve anthropological approaches to women as political actors.
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Bilal, Muhammad, Wajid Riaz, and Shaista Malik. "Facts behind the Traumatic Sexual Oppression in Maryce Conde’s I, Tituba Black Witch of Salem." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 1 (October 4, 2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.9.
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This paper analyses the effects of trauma on black female sexual agency and communal patriarchal norms controlling female eroticism to maintain male domination in Maryce Conde’s I, Tituba Black Witch of Salem. The research is qualitative and the nature of the research is explorative to investigate facts behind the traumatic sexual oppression in the selected novel of Conde. The researchers used close textual analysis as a research method exposing the historical factors behind the wretched plight of African women living in the United States who become the object of their white masters’ sexual desires. The paper also validates that the African women stand against this oppression and these women define themselves by fighting against the sexual assaults, and many of them are mentally tortured, physically hurt and some even lose their lives in the struggle against the will of their white Masters. The paper sets to prove that sexual exploitation of black women is due to the oppressive system designed by upper class white males that allows them to treat black women as their property.
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Waham, JIHAD Jaafar. "White Male Masculinity in Coetzee's Waiting for Barbarians." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.546.
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This article will investigate how Coetzee's white male characters confront their pasts that revolve around the abuse of power in both familial relations and the community. Most importantly, I will examine how masculine identities in the novels fit in the wider society and how they respond to changing power structures because they influence their behavior. My objective is to investigate whether Coetzee ascribed to the patriarchal Boer societal values that marginalized both women and servants into silence. Since masculine discourse is recurring in his other works, it is both an ideological and political discourse representing oppression and colonialism.
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Allcorn, Ashley, and Shirley M. Ogletree. "Linked oppression: Connecting animal and gender attitudes." Feminism & Psychology 28, no. 4 (March 16, 2018): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353518759562.
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Ecofeminists and animal rights advocates have posited a connection between the oppression of women and the oppression of animals. Although male/female comparisons regarding attitudes toward animals have frequently been considered, only limited research has focused on gender roles and animal attitudes. We therefore examined the relation between gender roles and animal attitudes with undergraduate students (260 males, 484 females) at a public university in Texas. Participants responded to an online Qualtrics survey that assessed their attitudes toward animals, gender norms, and several forms of sexism. The survey also presented participants with questions about their justifications for meat consumption. As hypothesized, pro meat-eating justifications were positively related to sexist attitudes as well as traditional gender roles and negatively related to gender role transcendent attitudes. On the other hand, pro-animal attitudes were positively correlated with gender role transcendent attitudes and negatively correlated with benevolent/hostile sexism and traditional gender attitudes. Our results empirically supported “the linked oppression thesis,” that gender and animal attitudes are connected.
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Ashenafi Aboye. "Patriarchy in Buchi Emecheta’s The Slave Girl and Bessie Head’s A Question of Power: A Gynocentric Approach." Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities 16, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejossah.v16i2.1.
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African literature has been dominated by male African writers. However, there are a number of female African writers who contributed to the literary landscape of the continent significantly. In line with this, researches that deal with issues of gender in African literature are increasing (Fonchingong, 2006; Salami-Boukari, 2012; Stratton, 1994). In this study, I aim to expose patriarchal oppression in two selected post-colonial African novels. I ask “How do postcolonial African female writers expose gender oppression and patriarchy in their novels?” I ask how the female characters in the selected novels resist patriarchal dominance and oppression. I seek to uncover any thematic patterns and/or overlaps that would emerge across the selected novels. To achieve this, I analyze two feminist Anglophone African novels by female writers of the continent, namely ‘The Slave Girl’ and ‘A Question of Power’. Gynocentrism is used as an approach to achieve this purpose. The analyses of the novels make it feel that patriarchy is used as a tool to stabilize the discrimination of the feminine gender. The heroines in both novels are found to be patriarchal women with some attempt to reverse the gender order. The major female characters in the novels stand against the intersectional discrimination of the feminine from the male personhood, religion, as well as colonial culture. These discussions about patriarchy revive the vitality of African feminist novels to the present readers.
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Rui Feng and Rosli Talif. "The Partnership of Patriarchy and Capitalism in Cho Nam-joo’s Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 29, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 2749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.35.
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Socialist feminism, which emerged in the 1970s, aims to solve female oppression and make a comprehensive and innovative understanding of gender, class, capitalism, and male domination. As the mainstay of the socialist feminist school, the ideas of Hartmann and Young make significant contributions to the development of the theory. Hartmann first proposed dual systems theory, and Young published her single system response shortly after. To a certain extent, Young’s new thinking and questioning of dual systems theory also supplement and go into some of the arguments by Hartmann that are not clear enough. Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982 is an English-translated novel written by contemporary South Korean writer and screenwriter Cho Nam-joo. The novel was translated into English by award-winning translator Jamie Chang in 2020. The plight of women highlighted in this novel caused widespread controversy in the international community, especially in East Asian countries. This article examines the oppression of women in Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982, by the long-term interaction between patriarchy and capitalism. This study adopts a research method combining theoretical interpretation and close reading of the text. It addresses the research gap by focusing on a new perspective on the causes of Cho’s female characters’ oppression through the dual systems theory by Hartmann.
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Saini, Gayatri, and Dr Tanu Rajpal. "Socio-cultural Challenges Faced by Women in Patricentric society." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc2111.
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Despite the fact that our constitution guarantees equality before the laws, we still have strong gender bias and gender inequality. The social system is based on hierarchy, where the male dominates and curtails women’s freedom. Women are made to feel inferior from the moment they are born. Right from their childhood, they have occupied a secondary place in the family. They have been told to be obedient, unquestioning, meek, and submissive. They are made to accept everything, even defeat, gracefully. After marriage, they are expected to adjust to the changing family ways and surroundings. They have to live miserable and pathetic lives and remain unsuccessful to fulfill their personal desires. Thus, women strive hard for equal status and freedom throughout their whole life. The present paper is an attempt to study the types of gender oppression and the socio-cultural challenges faced by women, whether married or unmarried, in a patricentric society. The female psyche is constantly tormented by the social mind. The paper is a critical analysis of many ugly practices prevalent in Indian society with regard to gender oppression. The paper will also throw light on the means to overcome this malicious circle of existence. KEYWORDS: secondary place, gender oppression, socio-cultural challenges, patricentric society.
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Constantinescu, Sorana-Alexandra. "How Does The Internalization Of Misogyny Operate: A Thoretical Approach With European Examples." Research in Social Change 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rsc-2021-0013.
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Abstract The present article will tackle the concept of internalized misogyny by trying to review existing theories and to extract a number of common threads of these theories in order to find some useful insights on the internal mechanisms that make up internalized misogyny, and on how internalized misogyny should be approached by practical action. I start the discussion by exploring oppression and the internalization of oppression, and afterwards move to internalized misogyny itself, charting its place within gender dynamics in general, as well as its impact on gender roles, on women’s actions towards other women, and their actions towards themselves. Using data from the World Value Survey (2017–2020), I will explore how internalized misogyny is reflected in specific sexist attitudes, how it relates to male misogyny, and which aspects of gender relations seem to come to the fore when dealing with internalized sexism. This will allow us to confront and complement the theories on internalized sexism with data on attitudes and beliefs, and develop a clearer picture of the phenomenon, as well as drawing some brief conclusions regarding practical action to mitigate gender oppression.
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Anderson, Eric, and Mark McCormack. "Intersectionality, Critical Race Theory, and American Sporting Oppression: Examining Black and Gay Male Athletes." Journal of Homosexuality 57, no. 8 (August 31, 2010): 949–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2010.503502.
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English, Devin, Cheriko A. Boone, Joseph A. Carter, Ali J. Talan, Danielle R. Busby, Raymond L. Moody, Diamond J. Cunningham, Lisa Bowleg, and H. Jonathon Rendina. "Intersecting Structural Oppression and Suicidality Among Black Sexual Minority Male Adolescents and Emerging Adults." Journal of Research on Adolescence 32, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jora.12726.
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Fakhimi Anbaran, Farough. "William Faulkner's "That Evening Sun": Multiple Views of Oppression." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 69 (May 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.69.1.
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People throughout the history have been subject to discrimination from three distinct perspectives of class, race, and gender. Those who were richer used the lower class as a tool in their service to have a comfortable life. The white oppressed the black as the otherwho was not similar to him in the color of skin. The male dominated the female as she was different in gender lackingthe Phallus. The amalgamation of these ideas towards human being has masterly been presented in the story “That Evening Sun,” by William Faulkner. The present study, by applying Marxist approach on this story, tends to analyze how human being may be oppressed from different aspects.
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Atiyat, Reem. "Into the Darkest Corner: The Importance of Addressing Factor-Based Particularity in Relation to Domestic Violence Experiences in Post-Modern Literary Theory." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.1p.30.
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This paper investigates how a survivor of a violent marital relationship could awaken and take positive counteraction against her oppressive husband, rather than remaining entrapped in a state of ‘learned helplessness’. The central contribution of this paper lies in highlighting particularity rather than sameness when investigating how oppression and male domination could function as factors that trigger positive counteraction and lead to the liberation of the silenced protagonist in Elizabeth Haynes’ novel Into the Darkest Corner. The model highlighted for the purpose of examination is Catherine, the protagonist of Elizabeth Haynes’ novel Into the Darkest Corner. The paper mainly focuses on addressing two questions ‘What are the protagonist’s violence experiences?’ and ‘What are the factors that served to reinforce and prolong the protagonist’s oppressive marriage?’. The struggle of the protagonist to put an end to her abusive marriage, and how she managed to overpower her post-traumatic stress disorder experience constitute the focal point of this paper, and are explored from a feminist psychoanalytical perspective, a task that has not been addressed in the available literature on domestic violence in relation to feminist and psychoanalytic criticism up to date. In order to investigate these aspects in the novel, this paper draws on the views of post-modern feminist literary theory. This literary approach is crucial to highlighting the gender-based inequality imposed on the protagonist by her abusive husband throughout the novel. The analytical approach followed in this paper is that of thematic analysis. The paper mainly highlights the recurrent themes of physical violence and post-traumatic stress disorder. Then, the paper examines the content of the novel to support the argument about the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and liberation. Thus, three main issues are addressed: Domestic violence types and definitions, feminist theoretical views in relation to male domination, and notions of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to liberation in feminist post-modern literary criticism. The main argument in this paper is that post-traumatic stress disorder is not an introductory psychological phase that paves the way for learned helplessness. Rather, it is a state imposed by male domination and control that could be challenged, controlled and directed to lead to liberation from male authority and oppression with the availability of proper assistance.
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Khaliq, Ayesha, Mamona Yasmin Khan, and Rabia Hayat. "Oppression and Female Body: A Feminist Critique of the Novel 'Half the Sky'." Global Sociological Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-i).11.
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The female body is more than often used as a site to perpetuate violence and oppress women in patriarchal societies. The current study aims to explore how patriarchal oppression targets the female body and how it enforces women to become subalterns having no voice in the selected fictional work, Half the Sky by Kristoff and WuDunn. For this purpose, Simone De Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949) and Bryan Turner's The Body theory (1984) are used as theoretical frameworks to explore the selected novel. The research is descriptive qualitative, and placed within the interpretive paradigm. The data for the present study is in the form of textual paragraphs, which is taken from the selected novel and is collected through the purposive sampling technique. The study argues on women's oppression and violence. The findings of the study revealed that the dominancy of male counterpart in every field of life is the basic reason for women oppression which leads to the women being subalterns.
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Rashid, Amina, and Md Masud Rana. "RACIAL INEEUQALITY AND SEXIST OPPRESSION IN TONI MORRISON'S BELOVED." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i1.3727.
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AbstractThis study examines the construction of racialized society and gendered identities in fictional text of Morrison's Beloved. The research aim is to analyze and explore how these identities are constructed in Beloved by using a feminist approach. We find that the imposed ideal of femininity is absorbed and patriarchy is assumed. Female’s black characteristics are repressed both intra-communally and inter-communally. In the former, black female characters are not ‘fitted’ to white femininity as they strive for identity crisis even among the blacks. In the latter, they are whim of male dominance-subject of incest, rape and seduction. Though, women are doubly repressed, it is not the racial discrimination that threatens and jeopardizes black women identity rather a sheer domination of patriarchal power from within and without exaggerating debasing women life among the whites. Therefore, this paper reflects on the manifestation of femininity and patriarchy in a radicalized society and how these two interact in women life in Morison's Beloved.
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Muzakka, Moh, and Suyanto Suyanto. "The Gender Equality Struggles in The Novel of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Gadis Pantai." Jurnal Poetika 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v8i2.60528.
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The struggling of gender equalities was discussed often in various disciplines and discourses, a part is in literature. This paper analyzes the gender equalities struggle in two novels: Abidah El-Khalieqy’s Perempuan Berkalung Surban and Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Gadis Pantai. El-Khalieqy is a woman who has runs a pesantren “educational institute with a Moslem background” and Toer is a man who favors a nationalistic-socialist ideology, with an emphasis on literary realism. A literary -sociological and a feminist critical approach were used in analyzing both novels. The result of the analysis shows that gender struggle in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban is caused by male oppression of women based on the explanation and interpretation of very patriarchal verses from the Al Qur’an (Islam religion). The gender struggle in novel Gadis Pantai is caused by male oppression of women based on feudalistic traditions, the woman as private property of men. Being placed in this feudalistic position, women then respond with struggles for equality.
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Aymer, Samuel R. "Teaching While Black and Male and Preparing Students for Urban Social Work Practice Matters." Urban Social Work 2, no. 1 (June 2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2474-8684.2.1.5.
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This article unpacks the pedagogical reflections of a Black male professor, bringing attention to issues associated with teaching while Black and preparing students for urban social work practice. The article asserts that contemporary forms of injustice cannot be understood without grasping critical historical analyses of race and racism in the United States. Ideas related to critical race theory, racial oppression, and social identities are explored. Finally, the article explicates the importance for students to become comfortable talking about racism and racial injustice in the context of working with clients.
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Zarrinjooee, Bahman, and Shirin Kalantarian. "Women’s Oppressed and Disfigured Life in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.1p.66.
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The present study attempts to analyze Margaret Atwood’s (1939- ) The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) based on theories of feminist thinker, Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) and applies her theories presented in The Second Sex (1949) that leads to better apprehension of sex and gender. Beauvoir’s ideology focuses mainly on the cultural mechanisms of oppression which cause to confine women under the title of Other to man’s self. In her view woman cannot be a simple biological category, and she asserts that womanhood is imposed on woman by civilization. In her idea, the fundamental social meaning of woman is Other. She believes that biology is the main source for woman’s oppression within patriarchal society, and challenges the discourse through which women are defined based on her biology. She also believes that sexuality is another aspect of women’s oppression and exploitation and all functions of women. In Beauvoir’s view, prostitution and heterosexuality are exploitation of woman. She rejects the heterosexuality as the norm for sexual relations. This paper tries to show how Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale speculates feminist issues such as loss of identity, subordination of woman in a male dominated society and women’s exploitation in consumer society where woman’s body is treated as an object, a tool and consumable item. Atwood focuses on the problems such as gender inequality, and pitfalls of patriarchal system for women’s oppression.
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Oliveira, Alexandra. "Same work, different oppression: Stigma and its consequences for male and transgender sex workers in Portugal." International Journal of Iberian Studies 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis.31.1.11_1.
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Tessman, Lisa. "On (Not) Living the Good Life: Reflections on Oppression, Virtue, and Flourishing." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 28 (2002): 2–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2002.10717581.
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In this article I attempt to untangle the purported connection between moral virtue and flourishing in the context of examining what looks like an unexpected effect of oppression: If moral virtue is necessary for flourishing—as Aristotle assumes that it is when he describes eudaimonia as an “activity of the soul in accordance with virtue” — then members of structurally privileged groups can only flourish if they are morally good. However, it is hard to conceive of the privileged as morally good, since their privileges result from unjust social positionings. Thus it appears that they are prevented from leading good lives. This is an odd claim to add to a theory of oppression, which one would expect to explain how the victims of oppression — rather than its beneficiaries — are denied a shot at the good life.While the privileged may enjoy especially ample opportunities to develop certain virtues, I will be thinking here about vices associated with practices of domination, including active or passive acceptance of the benefits that come from occupying positionings that depend upon systems of male dominance, white supremacy, class divisions under capitalism, norms of heterosexuality, and so on.
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Hertzog, Esther. "Anthropological Perspectives on Two Documentary Films on Women in the Middle East." Anthropology of the Middle East 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2019.140109.
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In this essay, I refer to two documentaries demonstrating some common features of male violence against women in the Jewish and Palestinian societies in Israel. Abeer Zaibak Haddad’s film about ‘honor killing’ illustrates the profound threat on girls’ and women’s physical safety. Yael Katzir’s film is about Jewish women’s struggle for religious rights. It is argued that being subjugated to patriarchal control, both Arab and Jewish women are denied fundamental rights. This understanding implies that, despite basic differences in socio-economic conditions and civil rights, women’s oppression is present in cultures that are perceived as ‘modern’ and ‘advanced’ just like in those that are perceived as the opposite. Both films point to the failure of the state to ensure women’s rights and safety and to women’s compliance to men’s oppression.
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Allen, Keisha Mcintosh, Julius Davis, Renee L. Garraway, and Janeula M. Burt. "Every Student Succeeds (Except for Black Males) Act." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 120, no. 13 (April 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811812001303.
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In PreK–12 schools throughout the United States, Black male students are the most under-served and punished population. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) misleads Black male advocates and stakeholders into believing that it ensures they succeed. This article examines ESSA and its implications for educational equity for Black boys. Using critical race theory, the authors argue that, similar to past policies, ESSA intends to ensure educational equity for all students but ignores the ways in which race, gender and other forms of oppression are implicated in the teaching and learning process and constrain Black male youths’ opportunities to learn. This article calls for culturally grounded and social-justice-oriented perspectives in the development of policies for Black male students.
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Sanchez, Gabriella. "Beyond the matrix of oppression: Reframing human smuggling through instersectionality- informed approaches." Theoretical Criminology 21, no. 1 (February 2017): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480616677497.
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What are the challenges and the advantages of using an intersectionality-informed approach in criminological research? In this essay I raise that question via an analysis of human smuggling discourses. Tragic events involving the deaths of irregular migrants and asylum seekers in transit are most often attributed to the actions of the human smuggler— constructed as the violent, greed-driven, predator racialized, and gendered as a male from the global South. Most academic engagements with smuggling often failing to notice the discursive fields they enter, have focused on documenting in detail the victimization and violence processes faced by those in transit, in the process reinscribing often problematic narratives of irregular migration, like those reducing migrants to naïve and powerless creatures and smugglers as inherently male, foreign and criminal bodies. I argue that essentialized notions of identity prevalent in neoliberal discourses have permeated engagements with migration, allowing for human smuggling’s framing solely as an inherently exploitative and violent practice performed by explicitly racialized, gendered Others. In what follows I start to articulate the possibility of reframing human smuggling, shifting the focus from the mythified smugglers to the series of social interactions and sensorial experiences that often facilitated as demonstrations of care and solidarity ultimately lead to the mobility, albeit precarious, of irregular migrants. Through a critical engagement with the concept of intersectionality I explore how smuggling—as one of multiple irregular migration strategies—can be unpacked as constituting much more than the quintessential predatory practice of late modernity performed by criminal smugglers preying on powerless victims, to be instead acknowledged as an alternative, contradictory, highly complex if often precarious path to mobility and safety in and from the margins.
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Direk, Zeynep. "Confronting Domestic Violence in Turkey." Eco-ethica 8 (2019): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ecoethica202052718.
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In this paper, I discuss how Turkish feminists have approached the phenomenon of male violence in Turkey as a political problem by following the feminist precept that the private is public. In the last twenty years, feminist activists in media have made male violence increasingly visible, by criticizing the framing of femicides as fatalities of jealousy and love. I argue that Turkish feminists do not consider male violence as just a “situation” or a structure of “oppression.” They problematize it as systematic political violence, which calls for a critique of the anti-feminist state policies that restitute masculine supremacy by the promotion of patriarchal values. The political consolidation of masculinity by the rejection of gender equality is a key aspect of authoritarianism. Turkish government does not frame domestic violence as a women’s problem but as a family problem. In contrast, feminist arguments invite the government to confront domestic violence as male violence. I suggest that the male violence that women experience in Turkey can be seen as a manifestation of bio-power at the age of the crisis of neo-liberalism.
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Dhungel, Dr Rita, and Meera Kunwar. "Covid-19 Escaled Ongoing Injustices: Voices of Women Living With HIV in Nepal." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(96).
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The first HIV case in Nepal was reported in 1988. As of July 2020, the total number of PLHIV was 29,503 PLHIV whereas the numbers for male and females were respectively 17, 587 and 11, 916 (UNAIDS, 2021.). More than 72% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are of age group 25 to 49 years (Ministry of Health National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, 2020). There are 80 ART (Anti-Retroviral therapy) centres providing services to PLHIV in seven Provinces and a number of community-based organizations to provide services to PLHI (Ministry of Health National Centre of AIDS and STD Control, 2020). The current knowledge on this area are maninly the reports from HIV Service Agencies that do not capture the silenced voices of PLHIV on intersectional oppression. By acknowledging the need of a evidence-based study, a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project was developed in 2019 to understand the challenges of the Women Living with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal (Dhungel, 2020; Dhungel & Lama, 2020). This understanding was reached through a variety of means, including photovoice, individual interviews and street dramas. Four major intersectional challenges were identified including discriminations against WLHIV at workplace, violations of privacy in health sectors, excluding from parental's property and discriminations against their children at school. The same study suggested the need for a further study, focusing on intersectional oppressions and public health services and programs available for WLHIV with a focus on Mental Health Services. Therefore, this study was initiated to bridge the gaps in current knowledge with a foucs on COVID-19 policies/programs. Keywords: COVID-19, HIV community, injustice, intersectional oppression
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Al-shammari, Huda Aziz Muhi, and Nidaa Hussain Fahmi Al-Khazraji. "Ideological Representation of Women's Oppression in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale." Al-Adab Journal 3, no. 138 (September 15, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i138.1771.
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The abuse of women is an issue that persists throughout the ages till the present time because people are still living in a world of a dominated idea which is known as man is the self and woman is the other. So the objective of this research paper is to argue this global issue using Van Dijk's Ideological Square (1998) as a framework so as to examine the ideologies that underline the use of language in The Handmaid’s Tale. It is hypothesized that the ideology of oppression is exposed in the novel throughout using the ideological strategies of positive- self presentation and negative-other presentation. Ultimately, it concludes that the novelist employs both, male and female, characters to consistently ridicule and offer negative coverage about women and to increasingly align and offer favorable comments about men to present the world of patriarchy from a different perspective.
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Abdulwaheed Idris, Abdulrahman, Rosli Talif, Arbaayah Ali Termizi, and Hardev Kaur Jujar. "Depiction of Women as the Primary Architects of their own Oppression: A Masculinist Critique of El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.4p.206.
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This paper focuses on the presentation of women oppression and emancipation in Nawal El Saadawi’s novel, Woman at Point Zero. The novel is specifically a call and an appeal to the women in her Egyptian society and the world at large on the need to revisit their activities and contribution toward the oppression, suppression, molestation, and brutality of their fellow women. Nawal El Saadawi presents with unique clarity, the unpleasant experience women are subjected to in her male-dominated society (Egypt). The novel aesthetically captures the oppression, sexual harassment, domestic aggression, and intimidation that the Egyptian women are subjected to in her patriarchal social milieu. Through a Masculinist study of the text, this paper not only submits that women create sa conducive atmosphere for the unhappiness of their own kinds but also subverts the author’s proposition of the way forward for the Egyptian women who are disenchanted under the atmosphere that is besieged with unfair treatment of the women. This essay unambiguously argues that El Saadawi’s understanding of women emancipation from the persistent violence on the women is outrageously momentary and unsatisfactory. Indeed, the novel has succeeded in subverting the stereotypical representation of the women as weak, passive, and physically helpless yet, the cherished long-lasting emancipation expected from her oppressed women could not be fully achieved. The novelist portrays a resilient and revolutionary heroine whose understanding of women liberation leaves every reader disconcerted. The paper examines the oppression that the heroine, Firdaus suffers from men and her fellow women and how she eventually achieved a momentary emancipation.
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Istiharoh, Agus Ferani. "Ecofeminism Reflected in Chrish Wedge’s Epic (2013)." CLLiENT (Culture, Literature, Linguistics, and English Teaching) 1, no. 02 (November 30, 2019): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/cllient.v1i02.970.
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How nature be treated by a human (female and male) results in the different roles between the genders. Woman, who is associated with nature did such oppression and results in the power hierarchy among genders. This paper discusses one main problem related to the woman in relation to cultural attitudes to nature which is Ecofeminism Reflected in Chris Wedge’s Epic (2013). This research applied the ecofeminism theory. The data were in the form of the movie’s subtitle and the supporting data were taken from books, journals, and other sources related to the topic of discussion. The analysis is presented in the form of a description supported with main data. As a result, the finding states that ecofeminism is represented through the basic existence of nature, different roles between genders, woman’s reactions toward man’s oppression and power hierarchy.
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Malekpour, Miniature. "The Feminist Film: An Analysis of the Feminist Narrative Form in the Films of Rakshane Bani-Etemad, Pouran Derakshande, and Manijeh Hekmat." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.130.
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Purpose: In this paper, the aim is to examine film form and narrative in relation to gender identity and the politics of representation. Drawing distinctions between these methods make it possible to identify how feminist frameworks are used to examine identity, aesthetics, and ideology through film culture.
Approach/Methodology/Design: Thematic analysis, employing a feminist perspective. Three films were selected for conducting this type of analysis: Rakshane Bani-Etemad’s ‘Nargess’, Manijeh Hekmat’s ‘Women’s Prison’ and Pouran Derakshande’s ‘Hush! Girls Don’t Scream.
Findings: By understanding the representation of women in Iranian Cinema and the cultural/traditional norms and values of the Iranian Society, I argue that the narrative form identifies feminist perspectives, which create an Iranian feminist cinema. Combining textual analysis with a greater concern for the audience-text relationship, and the rejection of the male gaze, these films recognize texts as shaped by the struggle to make meaning amongst institutions which shapes the filmic text from different components of the socio-historical context, and which creates a relationship between feminist film and cultural studies.
Practical Implications: Iranian female directors have been adopting a feminist approach in their films’ narrative structure dating back to the reformist period of the 90s. Through the social/political context of female characters and the counter-cinematic development of agents, circumstances, and surroundings of the systems of patriarchy and oppression, women directors have been applying feminist narrative form to their work as evident in Rakshane Bani-Etemad’s ‘Nargess,’ Manijeh Hekmat’s ‘Women’s Prison’ and Pouran Derakshande’s ‘Hush! Girls Don’t Scream.
Originality/value: This paper analyzes the principles of female desire through these selected films, the patriarchal dominance of societal oppression, the female condition, and the examination of violence in the traditions and attitudes related to women while looking at the representation of this violence and oppression in the Iranian Society.
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Storozhuk, S. V., and I. M. Hoian. "Normative masculinity or the male dimension of the gender issue." Humanitarian studios: pedagogics, psychology, philosophy 3, no. 152 (December 2020): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2020.03.126.
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The article shows that normative masculinity, i.e. the dominant image of the «real man» in modern public consciousness, became a natural consequence of the practical realization of the enlightenment ideals of secular humanism. According to it, the engine of social progress can only be men who, due to their natural tendency to rationality, can and should dominate all manifestations of feminine in the broadest sense of the word. Accordingly, the formation of a man has been taking place in a harsh homosexual environment, through opposition to everything feminine and domination over it. This openly anti-female program for the development of masculinity has become a significant obstacle not only to the social self-realization of women, the establishment of gender and social equality, but has also led to open oppression of those men who have not me the basic regulations. Normative masculinity proved to be no less pernicious for «real men» who, in the process of constantly confirming their masculinity, have devalued those universal qualities which, according to the prevailing enlightenment ideals, have been traditionally considered feminine. Public romanticization of this idea, especially in transitive societies, leads to mental and, with it, physical mutilation of men.
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Moloney, Mairead Eastin, and Tony P. Love. "#TheFappening." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 5 (March 9, 2017): 603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17696170.
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Using an interactionist framework, we analyze publicly available data from Twitter to track real-time reactions to the widely publicized celebrity nude photo hacking of 2014 (“The Fappening”). We ask: “Related to The Fappening, what manhood acts are employed in virtual social space?” Using search terms for “fappening” or “#thefappening,” we collected 100 tweets per hour from August 31 to October 1, 2014 (Average: 1,700/day). Coding and qualitative analyses of a subsample of tweets ( N = 9,750) reveal four virtual manhood acts commonly employed to claim elevated status in the heterosexist hierarchy and reproduce gendered inequality. These acts include (1) creation of homosocial, heterosexist space; (2) sexualization of women; (3) signaling possession of a heterosexual, male body; and (4) humor as a tool of oppression. This article introduces the concept of “virtual manhood acts” and contributes to growing understandings of the reproduction of manhood and the oppression of women in online social spaces.
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Ferguson, Ann. "Moral Responsibility and Social Change: A New Theory of Self." Hypatia 12, no. 3 (1997): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1997.tb00008.x.
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The aim of this essay is to rethink classic issues of freedom and moral responsibility in the context of feminist and antiracist theories of male and white domination. If personal identities are socially constructed by gender, race and ethnicity, class and sexual orientation, how are social change and moral responsibility possible? An aspects theory of selfhood and three reinterpretations of identity politics show how individuals are morally responsible and nonessentialist ways to resist social oppression.
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Yamma, Solomon Obidah. "A Critical Gender Analysis of James Atu Alachi’s Enekole." Journal of African Theatre, Film and Media Discourse 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/kujat.v1i1.122.
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Gender is a concept that has gained so much attention in the theatre today. This is due to the current agitation and turbulent struggle that women have been doing because of the oppression, mistreatment and relegation they face every day as a result of patriarchy – the culture of male domination that has secured a foothold mostly in dramas written by male playwrights. James Atu Alachi seems to be different. This paper, through the analytical approach, attempts an investigation into one of Alachi’s plays, Enekole, in order to point out the fact that there are male playwrights of this present generation that can join their creative hands with those of the female playwrights to ensure a gender sensitive and equal Africa.
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Pittman, Chavella T. "Race and Gender Oppression in the Classroom: The Experiences of Women Faculty of Color with White Male Students." Teaching Sociology 38, no. 3 (July 2010): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x10370120.
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Froc, Kerri A. "Multidimensionality and the Matrix: Identifying Charter Violations in Cases of Complex Subordination." Canadian journal of law and society 25, no. 1 (April 2010): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100010206.
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AbstractThe failure of the Supreme Court of Canada to give more than lip service to “context” when considering claims under s. 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms arises largely from the Court's analytic framework, which resists recognizing the social relations of power inherent in complex cases of oppression. The precise nature of the flaws in the Court's analysis is demonstrated in a number of thoughtful feminist critiques that received recognition in the recent decision in R. v. Kapp. While it is too soon to tell whether the Court intends to depart completely from the past decade of s. 15 jurisprudence, equality-seeking groups now have greater opportunities to advance alternative theoretical frameworks for Charter interpretation. This article discusses one such framework, multidimensionality theory, which focuses on the interaction of systems of oppression, conceptualized as an invisible matrix—a vast network of complex, overlapping, interactive, and mutually reinforcing systems. The operation of the systems obscures their effects, and their complexity renders outcomes difficult to predict when they interconnect at sites of subordination and privilege. One can expose the operation of the systems by looking at particular sites of oppression/privilege and considering the contradictions or “inexplicability” of the circumstances based on one system alone. The author argues that the failure of the Charter claim at the heart of the Supreme Court's decision in Native Women's Association of Canada v. Canada demonstrates the need for courts to employ multidimensionality theory in cases of complex oppression. In NWAC, multidimensionality theory reveals that the “dominant” Aboriginal groups were involved in the negotiation/performance of hegemonic masculinities within a racial/colonial context that provided them with justification to suppress NWAC's independent promotion of the interests of Aboriginal women in constitutional negotiations with the government, and that the government was complicit in this performance. By framing the freedom of expression issue as whether NWAC had a “special” right to a speaking platform, and the equality issue as exclusively one of determining whether NWAC could prove the other groups were “male dominated,” the Court fragmented considerations of patriarchy from those of racism and colonization, distorting the synergistic effect of the systems of oppression and reinforcing colonial ideology.
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Morris, Anne, and Susan Nott. "The legal response to pregnancy." Legal Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1992): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1992.tb00457.x.
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Advocates of the legal equality of women and men must, sooner or later, address the issues raised by the biological differences between the sexes. Even those who would argue for a completely sexually egalitarian society which does not recognise differences based on sex cannot avoid this issue. Women are child-bearers: this a a biological fact. They are also perceived as child-rearers: a view with origins that are clearly more complex than mere biology. These particular functions have an impact on all aspects of a woman's life within and outside the home. In the workplace pregnancy is treated as a deviation from the male norm or as the price to be paid by the employer for employing women. It is women who are expected to make concessions and it is unsurprising that the claim has been made that ‘the heart of woman's oppression is her child-bearing and child-rearing role’.