Academic literature on the topic 'Male reproductive function'
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Journal articles on the topic "Male reproductive function"
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Leung, Kar Wah, and Alice ST Wong. "Ginseng and male reproductive function." Spermatogenesis 3, no. 3 (July 2013): e26391. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/spmg.26391.
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Krupin, V. N., M. N. Uyezdny, and A. V. Krupin. "Varicocele and male reproductive function." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2020-12-3-104-109.
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Bhatt, Rajendra N., Dhara D. Vyas, Raveendra B. Meda, and Mandava V. Rao. "Alleviation of Fluoride Toxicity by Melatonin in Reproductive Function of Male Rat." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/172.
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Amaral, Sandra, and Joao Ramalho-Santos. "Aging, Mitochondria and Male Reproductive Function." Current Aging Sciencee 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609810902030165.
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Cheng, C. Yan, Elissa W. P. Wong, Pearl P. Y. Lie, Michelle W. M. Li, Linlin Su, Erica R. Siu, Helen H. N. Yan, et al. "Environmental toxicants and male reproductive function." Spermatogenesis 1, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/spmg.1.1.13971.
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Belyavskaya, Anna, Pavel Loginov, Aiman Pameshova, and Elena Mavlutova. "Microwave radiation and male reproductive function." Archiv Euromedica 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885x/2020/10/2.4.
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Rozhivanov, Roman Viktorovich, Natalya Sergeevna Parfenova, and Dmitriy Gennad'evich Kurbatov. "Male reproductive function in diabetes mellitus." Diabetes mellitus 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5698.
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This article is designed to discuss data on diabetic complications negatively affecting male fertility, such as retrograde ejaculation and secondary hypogonadismthat frequently occur in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been shown that 5 - 10% of the DM1 patients present with retrogradeejaculation associated with long-term decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism. Over 40% of the patients with DM2 have decreased total andfree testosterone levels regardless of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. These complications are managed using neurotropic therapy (retrogradeejaculation) and stimulatory hormonal therapy (secondary hypogonadism).
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Hardy, Matthew P., Hui-Bao Gao, Qiang Dong, Renshan Ge, Qian Wang, Wei Ran Chai, Xing Feng, and Chantal Sottas. "Stress hormone and male reproductive function." Cell and Tissue Research 322, no. 1 (August 4, 2005): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0006-2.
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Krassas, G. E., and P. Perros. "Thyroid disease and male reproductive function." Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 26, no. 4 (April 2003): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03345187.
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Meacham, Randall B., and Michael J. Murray. "REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN THE AGING MALE." Urologic Clinics of North America 21, no. 3 (August 1994): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(21)00626-1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Male reproductive function"
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Yashechkina, Tatiana. "Is Genistein a Threat to Male Reproductive Potential?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21954.
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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularGenistein is one of the most abundant phytoestrogens in soybeans. Because of its chemical similarity to endogenous estrogens, genistein can bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) present in cells and mediate an estrogenic response. Its estrogenic action may potentially interfere with normal functioning of various systems in the human organism, including the reproductive system which is highly regulated by sex hormones. The increasing interest in using genistein for treatment and prevention of diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, relief of menopause symptoms, among others. As well as the increasing consumption of soy in Western populations as a substitute for animal protein and its use to produce food for infants are worrisome factors because the effects of phytoestrogens on the human organism are still a matter of intense debate. Animal studies are contradictory and human studies are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genistein safety on human Sertoli cells (hSCs) in vitro. These cells are pivotal for successful espermatogenesis since they provide nutritional and physical support to sperm germ cells. Biopsies from six patients, with conserved espermatogenesis, were chosen at an infertility clinic and primary cultures of human Sertoli cells were cultured and maintained until reaching confluence. Then they were treated with different genistein concentrations during 24h. Different citotoxicity test were perfomed. No disturbances were found in hSCs treated with genistein. Therefore, we conclude that this compound is not cytotoxic to these cells. Subsequently, the analysis of one of the most relevant metabolic pathways, glycolysis, in these cells was made, which originates pyruvate, that in turn, later, is used for the production of lactate. This substrate is an important energy source for germ cells. However, the absorption and excretion of different metabolites of this pathway, in addition to the enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase, did not show significant variations after exposure of hSCs to genistein. Also genistein influence on oxidative stress rates in hSCs was evaluated, since reactive oxigene species (ROS) production is common during cell metabolism and if not eliminated efficiently it can cause irreversible damage on different cell structures and may even lead to cell death. The results of this study demonstrate that genistein did not influence oxidative stress rates. Alltoghether, we can conclude that no harmfull effects, on the parameters analyzed, were caused by genistein on hSCs. Altough it does not mean that genistein, and other phytoestrogens, are safe for the remaining of the reproductive system more studies regarding this subject are needed for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action.
A genisteína é um dos fitoestrogénios mais abundantes na soja. Devido à sua similaridade química com os estrogénios endógenos, a genisteína pode se ligar aos receptores de estrogénio (ERs) presente nas células e desencadear uma resposta estrogénica. A sua ação estrogénica pode potencialmente interferir com o funcionamento normal de vários sistemas no organismo humano, incluindo o sistema reprodutivo que é altamente regulado pelas hormonas sexuais. Tem-se verificado um crescente interesse em usar genisteína para tratamento e prevenção de doenças como o cancro, osteoporose, doenças cardiovasculares, alívio dos sintomas de menopausa, entre outros. Há ainda um o aumento do consumo de soja em populações ocidentais, como substituto da proteína animal e é usado para produzir alimentos para bebés sendo fatores preocupantes porque os efeitos dos fitoestrogénios no organismo humano ainda estão sob discussão. Por outro lado, estudos animais são contraditórios e estudos humanos são escassos. No presente estudo avaliou-se a ação da genisteína em células de Sertoli humanas (hSCs). Essas células são fundamentais para uma espermatogênese correta, uma vez que proporcionam suporte físico e nutricional às células germinativas. Biópsias de seis pacientes com espermatogênese conservada, foram recolhidas numa clínica de tratamento de fertilidade e culturas primárias de células de Sertoli humanas foram semeadas e mantidas até atingirem confluência. Atingida essa condição, as células foram tratadas com meios contendo diferentes concentrações de genisteína, durante 24h. Foram realizados diversos testes de citotoxicidade. Não foram detectadas alterações nas hSCs tratadas com genisteína. Conclui-se então que este composto não é tóxico para estas células. Posteriormente, efetuou-se a análise de uma das vias metabólicas mais relevantes nestas células, a glicólise, que origina piruvato que posteriormente é utilizado para a produção de lactato. Esse substrato é uma importante fonte energética para células germinativas. No entanto, a absorção e excreção de diferentes metabolitos desta via, além da atividade enzimática da lactato desidrogenase, não mostraram variações significativas após a exposição das hSCs a genisteína. Também se avaliou a influência da genisteína nas taxas de stress oxidativo em hSCs, uma vez que a produção de espécies reactivas de oxigénio é comum durante o metabolismo celular e, quando não são eficientemente eliminadas, podem causar danos irreversíveis em diferentes estruturas celulares podendo até levar à morte celular. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que a genisteína não influenciou as taxas de stress oxidativo. Em suma, conclui-se que não foram identificados efeitos nocivos por parte da genisteína sobre os parametros analisados nas hSCs. No entanto, isso não significa que a genisteína, e outros fitoestrogénios, sejam seguros para o resto do sistema reprodutivo. Por esta razão deverão ser efetuados vários estudos no futuro para o esclarecimento mais amplo da sua ação.
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Adamali, Huzaifa Ismail. "b-hexosaminidase in the male reproductive tract : expression, regulation and function." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23982.
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$ beta$-Hexosaminidase (Hex) is an essential lysosomal enzyme whose absence in man results in a group of disorders, the G$ sb{ rm M2}$ gangliosidoses which includes Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. There are two major isoenzymes of Hex, Hex A ($ alpha beta$) and Hex B ($ beta beta$).Two cell types, apical and narrow cells, in the initial segment of the rat epididymis immunolocalized Hex. Principal cells of the epididymis were intensely reactive for Hex only in the intermediate zone, caput and proximal corpus regions. Clear cells were reactive in the regions of the epididymis where they were found. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of Hex in lysosomes of all reactive cells in the epididymis and of those in Sertoli cells and interstitial macrophages of the testis.
The regulation of Hex in the male reproductive tract was examined in the epididymides of rats at various ages after birth and of adult rats which were orchidectomized and treated with or without testosterone.
To study the impact of absence of Hex in the male reproductive tract, mouse models of human Tay-Sachs (Hexa $-$/$-$) and Sandhoff (Hexb $-$/$-$) diseases, created through gene targeted disruption of the $Hexa ( alpha$-subunit) and $Hexb ( beta$-subunit) genes respectively, were examined. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Sumner, Rebecca. "Environmental impact on male reproductive function : focusing on a canine sentinel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41120/.
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Over the last three decades, there has been increasing concern over environmental effects on human male reproductive health. Both temporal and regional trends in semen quality, testicular cancer and malformations at birth have been associated with changes or differences in exposure to chemicals present within the environment. These abnormalities are typically classified under one entity, Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome [TDS]. Since temporal trends in sperm quality have also been reported in the dog, it was proposed that this may reflect a common cross-species environmental aetiology and that the dog is a sentinel for human exposure to ECs. The overarching hypothesis of this thesis is that the dog may exhibit regional differences symptomatic of TDS and may respond to environmental influences in a similar manner to the human. Experimental studies designed to test this hypothesis focused on (1) the sensitivity of sperm to environmental influences, (2) canine sentinel testicular chemical profiles and pathological features of testes from specific geographical regions and (3) possible environmental influences impacting on cryptorchidism in dogs. Humans and animals are not directly exposed to single chemicals but to a mixture of environmental toxicants present within the environment. Chapter 3 initiated investigations into mixture effects of ECs by utilising a novel full factorial chemical model of two chemicals known to be present in reproductive tissues. Concentrations of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP] and polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 [PCB-153] at environmentally relevant levels, as determined by testicular chemical profiling of dog testes, and their effects upon parameters of sperm quality, were tested in vitro. While subtle differences in motility were observed between species, DNA fragmentation was increased similarly in both the human and dog following EC exposure. Although this applied to individual and mixed chemicals, the effects of one chemical impacted on the activity of the other dependent on the concentration ratio. Interestingly, for DNA fragmentation, data presented suggests that PCB-153 is the driver behind increased sperm DNA damage in both species. Since the data alluded to above support the concept of utilising the domestic dog as a sentinel for human exposure to ECs, the dog was used to investigate regional variation upon testicular developmental, morphological and histopathological features. The regions selected for in this component of the thesis display different degrees of industrialisation and thus variation in exposure to environmental contaminants. Data presented demonstrate significant regional variation in chemical profiles, testicular developmental markers and histopathological features indicative of TDS. Specifically, testicular DEHP and PCB-153 with known geographical variation, were found to be positively associated with markers of proliferation and spermatogenesis. Interestingly, a further chemical present in dog testis, poly-brominated diphenyl ether congener 47 [PBDE-47], was negatively correlated with these markers. Furthermore, a novel system developed to assess and score histopathological abnormalities in testes, revealed a higher range of atypical features in testes from the UK compared to those collected from Scandinavia. A further novel element of this thesis was the development of a survey to assess environmental influences on cryptorchidism across several breeds of dog. Uniquely, a higher prevalence of cryptorchidism was observed in deerhounds originating from the East Midlands. Of the range of environmental influences investigated, a key observation was that some bitches of cryptorchid pups were fed a specific brand of feed previously reported to contain ECs. Assessment of further environmental factors covered by the survey such as exposure to pesticides, cigarette smoke and air fresheners provided preliminary information pending the further repeat release of the survey to the same breeders in future years. These data provide preliminary evidence into possible environmental factors that could influence canine and human reproductive health. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis are significant since they add considerable weight to the paradigm that environmental factors impact directly on male reproductive function. Unique data presented within this thesis emphasises that specific chemical types perturb sperm function and these chemicals vary by region. Furthermore, the work presented here consolidate the suitability of the domestic dog as a sentinel for human exposure to contaminants thus providing the added benefit of enabling access to reproductive tissues from different regions as an index of human reproductive health.
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Ilfergane, Abdulkarem. "Investigations on the effects of Typha capensis on male reproductive functions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5329.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIntroduction: Typha capensis, commonly referred to as bulrush also called "love reed'' growing in Southern Africa's wetlands, is one of South Africa indigenous medicinal plants that are traditionally used to treat male fertility problems and various other ailments. Previous studies revealed that T. capensis has indeed a beneficial effect on male reproductive functions and aging male symptoms. The T.capensis rhizomes are used in traditional medicine during pregnancy to ensure easy delivery, for venereal diseases, dysmenorrhea, diarrhoea, dysentery, and to enhance the male potency and libido. Typha genuses contain flavones and other phenolic compounds, which exhibit anti-oxidative capacity. Materials and Methods: This study encompasses three parts (part 1: Exposure of different cell lines to crude aqueous extracts of T. capensis rhizomes; part 2: HPLC analysis of Typha capensis crude rhizome extract and exposure of different cell lines to the F1 fraction of the summer season; part 3: Compound identification by means of NMR spectrometric analysis and exposure of different cell lines to bioactive compounds (Quercetin and Naringenin) isolated from T. capensis rhizomes. Part 1: TM3-Leydig cells and LNCaP cells incubated with different concentrations of crude aqueous extract of T. capensis rhizomes (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) and control (without extract) for 24 and 96 hours, after incubation. The following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology and viability (determined by means of MTT assay). Part 2: The crude extract HPLC profiles were obtained by preparing the extracts for different seasons (Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer). TM3-Leydig cells, LNCaP cells and PWR-1E cells incubated with different concentrations T. capensis rhizomes extract F1 fraction of the summer season (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) and control (without extract) for 24 and 96 hours, after incubation. The following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology was observed and recorded, viability (determined by means of MTT assay), testosterone production (testosterone ELISA test), cell early apoptosis (determined by means of Annexin V-Cy3 binding), DNA fragmentation (determined by means of the TUNEL assay). Part 3: NMR spectrometric analysis was performed on a 13C spectra were recorded at 400 MHz. TM3-Leydig cells and LNCaP cells incubated with different concentrations of bioactive compounds (Quercetin and Naringenin) isolated from T. capensis rhizomes, for acute exposure (24, 96 hours) and chronic exposure (96 hours), after incubation, the following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology and viability (determined by means of MTT assay), testosterone production (testosterone ELISA test), cell early apoptosis (determined by means of Annexin V-Cy3 binding) and DNA fragmentation (determined by means of the TUNEL assay). Results: Part 1: for TM3-Leydig cells the results reveal no observable morphological changes and no significant influence on cell viability except at highest concentration indicating cellular stress. However, LNCaP cells showed a decline in cell viability at the incubation period 96 hours (-82.4%) more than 24 hours (-64.7%) indicating more cell death. Part 2: HPLC data showed that the most effective fraction was the F1 fraction from the summer harvest. Results revealed that the T. capensis rhizome extract F1 fraction of the summer season significantly enhanced testosterone production in TM3 cells and was more toxic towards cancer cells (LNCaP cells ) compared to the normal cell lines (TM3-Leydig, PWR-1E cells). Part 3: NMR data showed 2 bioactive compounds which were identified as Quercetin and Naringenin. The assays showed that LNCaP cells are more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects and apoptosis induction of both compounds, whereas, the assays resulted in weak effects toward TM3-Leydig cells. However, testosterone production in TM3-Leydig cells was significantly enhanced at low concentrations of Quercetin and Naringenin at all exposure types (acute and chronic) testosterone beak significantly at around 0.100 and 0.125 μg/ml (P<0.0001), stimulatory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Typha capensis enhanced the production of testosterone and might be useful to treat male infertility and aging male problems. Results further reveal that the F1 fraction from the summer harvest had highest biological activity. This study, for the first time, investigated the effects of bioactive compounds (Quercetin and Naringenin) yeilded from aqueous extraction of Typha capensis rhizomes in cell lines investigating male reproductive functions. Active compounds present in the rhizomes have caused an increased production of testosterone level in TM3-Leydig cells. Furthermore, the active compounds of Typha capensis rhizomes in the high dose had a negative effect on the percentage of DNA fragmentation in LNCaP cells. When compared to the effect of the low dose, the two compounds induced significant apoptosis in cancer cell line (LNCaP) compared with the normal cell line (TM3-Leydig). The isolated compounds are significantly selective towards the cancer cells than the normal cell compared with the exposure of bioactive compounds used in this study.
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Peiris, Dinithi. "Effects of known reproductive toxicants of sperm function and nuclear integrity in the hamster." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287651.
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O'Hara, Laura. "Characterisation of androgen receptor function in the male reproductive system through conditional gene targeting." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5710.
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Androgen receptor (AR) signalling is essential for the development and function of the male reproductive system. Conditional gene ablation using the Cre-loxP system has previously assisted in the elucidation of the role of AR in different cell types. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the ablation of AR in previously untargeted cell types, with the hypothesis that this will have significant and novel effects on reproductive development and function that have not been previously documented by current models of androgen disruption. In these studies, three Cre recombinase lines were empirically validated for action in the male reproductive system, before being used to ablate AR and the phenotypes of the resulting lines were characterised. Endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie2)-Cre was shown to target the vascular and endothelial cells of the testis, and used to ablate AR in these cells. The testes of the resulting Tie2-ARKO line were morphologically similar to controls, with normal spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa present in the cauda epididymis. Aquaporin 2 (Aqp2)-Cre was shown to target the post-meiotic germ cells of the testis, and was used to ablate AR in these cells. The testes of the resulting Aqp2-ARKO line were morphologically similar to controls, with normal spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa present in the cauda epididymis. It was concluded that the Ar gene was dispensable in the endothelial cells and post-meiotic germ cells of the testis for normal spermatogenesis. Forkhead box protein G1 (FoxG1)-Cre was shown to target the caput epididymal epithelium and pituitary, and used to ablate AR in these cells. d100 FoxG1-ARKO mice had a severe testicular phenotype, with sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium, atrophy of some seminiferous tubules and distension of the rete testis with spermatozoa. Despite the severe testis phenotype, ablation in the testis was incomplete and restricted to a small percentage of Leydig cells, with no ablation in Sertoli cells. Ablation of AR in the embryonic pituitary did not cause adult serum testosterone or LH concentrations to change, nor did it cause changes in other pituitary hormone transcripts. Mosaic ablation of AR in the caput epididymal epithelium was shown to impair epididymal development, with failure of initial segment (segment I) development and a significant decrease in epithelial cell height and lumen diameter in the remaining proximal caput epididymis (segment II). Dysfunction of the caput epididymis resulted in the failure of spermatozoa to transit the efferent ducts into the epididymis correctly: instead they were found to stall in the efferent ducts and produce a block. The testicular phenotype could be explained as the result of fluid backpressure effects resulting from the efferent duct block. Consequently, low concentration of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis resulted in infertility in the FoxG1-ARKO, which represents a new model of obstructive azoospermia.
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Frantz, Deborah E. "The effects of Aroclor 1254 on the reproductive function of male round stingrays (Urobatis halleri)." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526908.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) negatively affect reproduction across taxa. However, how PCBs influence elasmobranchs is not well known. I hypothesized that acute PCB exposure would negatively impact reproductive parameters of newly-mature round stingrays (Urobatis halleri). To determine the acute effects of PCBs on steroidogenesis, male stingrays were injected with either Aroclor-1254 or vehicle (sesame-oil) and held for 24 hrs. Testicular mRNA expression for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase decreased with 24 hrs exposure to Aroclor-1254 (p<0.05). To test sperm quality, seminal fluid was exposed to Aroclor-1254 (0.00, 0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1.000, 10.00 mg/L) for < 1 or 24 hrs. Aroclor-1254 (10.00 mg/L) decreased spermatozoa motility and viability at both time-points compared to controls (p<0.001). At < 1 hrs, spermatozoa motility decreased from the control at 1.000 mg/L (p<0.05) and viability decreased at 0.010 mg/L (p<0.05). These results indicate that Aroclor-1254 may have targeted effects on U. halleri, inhibiting spermatozoa function and steroidogenic enzyme activity at an acute dose.
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Elgenaidi, Abdalla Ramadan. "Effects of Libyan traditional plants on the reproductive system of male and female rats." University of the Western cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5412.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIn different parts of the world, medicinal plants have demonstrated a lot of health benefits to mankind and remains an important source for the discovery of new bio-active compounds. Libya is a typical example of a country where medicinal plants are widely used. Plant extracts of five Libyan medicinal plants were used in this study to investigate their in vivo effects on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in male rats and on ovulation and fertility in female rats. The In vitro effects of these plant extracts were also investigated on TM3 Leydig cells and MCF 7 breast cancer cells. A phyto-chemical analysis of the five Libyan medicinal plants (flaxseed, black seeds, radish seed, date palm pollen and nutmeg) was done. The results showed that date palm pollen had a higher antioxidant activity than all of the above mentioned plants. In addition to this, Nigella sativa was observed to possess high flavonol content as well as high antioxidant activity. Male rats exposed to flaxseed, radish seeds and date palm pollen showed no significant alterations in body weight gain, whereas date palm pollen (240 mg/kg, p < 0.05) promoted an increase in body gain. This study also revealed a significant increase in the relative testicular weight of animals exposed to either flaxseed (300mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120mg/kg). In addition, the relative weights of the seminal vesicles of all treated groups showed significant increased values. The level of serum testosterone showed a significant increase after exposure to radish seed (80mg/kg) and a significant dose- dependent increase for date palm pollen when compared to control (P< 0.05). In contrast, flaxseed caused a dose-dependent significant (p <0.01) decrease in testosterone level at radish seed (300mg/Kg). All plant extracts caused a significant increase in sperm concentration. Sperm vitality significantly (p < 0.05) increased by radish seed (80mg/kg), flaxseed (300mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120, 240mg/kg) respectively. Total progressive motility improved significantly at flaxseed (300 mg/kg) (p < 0.001) as well as date palm pollen (p < 0.01). Histological examination of the cross sections of the testis showed clear presence of all stages of spermatogenesis in all the treated groups. Rat epididymides showed normal morphological appearance and their lumen were filled with spermatozoa. The diameter of seminiferous tubules in male rats exposed to date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The heights of the germ cell epithelia within the eminiferous tubules were also significantly increased in all treated groups. Liver and renal functions tests showed a significant decrease in Alanine transaminase (ALT) and creatinine in all treated groups (p < 0.05), and this demonstrates the lack of cytotoxic effects of date palm pollen, radish seed and flaxseed on the rats. However, these plant extracts produced a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in Aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Besides this, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in testis was increased significantly by radish seed (160 mg/kg), flaxseed (200 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). There was also improved catalase activity in testis of male rats exposed to radish seed and date palm pollen. Regarding male sexual behavior, the time to reach the female and the mount frequency decreased significantly in male rats exposed to flaxseed (300 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg; p > 0.05) thus, these plant extracts exhibit aphrodisiac properties. In addition, exposure of male rats to date palm pollen (120 mg/kg) produced a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the number of embryos in untreated female rats. In the female rats, the body weight gain was not affected (p > 0.05). However, the relative uterus weights exposed to nutmeg (200 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, the relative weights of ovaries after treatment with nutmeg (400 mg/kg) and black seed (400 mg/kg) showed significantly increased values (p < 0.01). Serum FSH was significantly increased (p > 0.05 or 0.01) when the female rats have been exposed to black seed (200 mg/kg), nutmeg (200 mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). The LH level significantly (p < 0.01) decreased following exposure to black seed (200 mg/kg), date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). On the other hand, serum LH concentration was significantly increased in female rats exposed nutmeg (400 mg/kg; p > 0.05). The creatinine activity in female rat serum in all treated groups was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Whereas the higher dose of date palm pollen (240 mg/kg) caused only a non-significant decrease. ALT activity in serum of female rat exposed to either black seed (400 mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) was shown to decrease significantly (p < 0.05). Histology of the reproductive organs, kidney and liver in the female rats showed no obvious alterations in any of the treated groups. In addition, the number of embryos in female rats significantly increased (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) following exposure of female rats to black seeds 400 and date palm pollen 240 mg/kg, respectively. Incubation of TM3 Leydig cells with radish seeds for 24, 48 or 72 hours caused a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Besides that, date palm pollen and flaxseed increased the mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity of TM3 Leydig cells. In addition, higher concentration of date palm pollen, nutmeg and black seed were cytotoxic to MCF7 breast cells. In testis slices testosterone secretion in vitro was significantly increased by flaxseed (500 μg/ml; p > 0·05) and date palm pollen (500 μg/ml; p > 0·01). MCf-7 cells treated with BS 10-50 μg/ml black seed and nutmeg 10-50μg/ml significantly increased cell proliferation. However, the treatment with date palm pollen produced only a weak estrogenic effect, which resulted in a concentration dependent significant increase as observed between 50-1000 μg/ml date palm pollen. In conclusion, in this study, we observed that date palm pollen, radish seed and flaxseed increased libido as well as steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, improved hepato and nephron-protective effects. In female rats, the plant extracts NM, BS and date palm pollen potentiated the production of gonadotropic hormones. In addition to this, at lower concentrations these medicinal plants promoted cell growth, whereas at higher concentrations they inhibited cell proliferation of MCF- 7 breast cancer cells. The anti-oxidant effects of these plant extracts have been implicated for the above mention effects.
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Jordaan, Audrey Emmerentia. "The effects of the wild african potato (hypoxis hemerocallidea) supplementation on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats reproductive function." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2234.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to be one of the greatest global public health threats. Statistics of the fertility status of modern society has linked increased DM to a decrease in fertility rates. Hyperglycaemia is characteristic of DM that results in a disturbance of proteins, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism leading to an increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the case where ROS overwhelms antioxidant mechanisms, the body goes into state of oxidative stress (OS). OS plays a vital role in the progression of DM which leads to dysfunction and damage of various organs including that of the reproductive system. Os has shown to cause damage to the sperm membraneby oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA’s) as the sperm membrane are rich in PUFA’s. This damage contributes to reduced sperm motility, concentration, morphological abnormalities and the sperms ability to fuse with the ZP of the oocyte. DM has been observed to cause testicular degeneration by interrupting sertoli cell production and maintenance thus resulting in a disturbance of the normal functioning of the reproductive system. Experimental studies have targeted more natural sources for treating DM and its complications of the reproductive system. Plants and natural dietary substances have shown to have high antioxidant contents that combat DM induced oxidative stress. This study explored the effect the Hypoxis hemerocallidea (H. hemerocallidea) supplementation on testicular and epididymal tissue, sperm motility and reproductive hormones in male wistar rats. The experiment were conducted for 6 weeks and the rats (230-260 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12 per group). Diabetes was induced in 3 of the 5 groups. The first group was the normal control group (A), second the diabetic control group (B), third was the diabetic group treated with 800mg/kg H. hemerocallidea (group C), fourth the diabetic group treated with 200mg/kg H. hemerocallidea (group D) and fifth the non-diabetic group supplemented with 800mg/kg H. hemerocallidea (group E). Blood glucose showed a significant increase in the diabetic group when compared to the normal control and treated groups. H. hemerocallidea showed improvement in sperm motility and sperm morphology more at 800mg/kg when compared to diabetic group and diabetic group treated with 200mg/kg. Body, testicular and epipidymal weights of diabetic control were significantly lower when compared to the other groups. Testicular and epididymal Malondialdehyde levels were decreased in normal control, diabetic groups treated with different doses of H. hemerocallidea and the non-diabetic group supplemented with H. hemerocallideaon comparing with the diabetic control group. Antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and total Glutathione activity was observed to be dosage dependent in certin groups but most showed a significant increase when compared to the diabetic control group. The total antioxidant capacity was measured using Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); increase was observed when normal control group and treated groups were compared to the diabetic group. Testosterone and estradiol levels were also increased when the normal control group and treated groups were compared to the diabetic control group. Based on our findings it can be concluded that H. hemerocallidea supplementation can potentially be used to counteract deleterious effects of DM on the male reproductive system.
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Itoh, Makoto. "Study on the function of female calls in Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Pelophylax porosus brevipodus." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244514.
Full textBooks on the topic "Male reproductive function"
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Wang, Christina, ed. Male Reproductive Function. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b102336.
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Briceño, R. Daniel. The functional morphology of male cerci and associated characters in 13 species of tropical earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae, Labiidae, Carcinophoridae, Pygidicranidae). Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.
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C, Harvey Margaret, and Hobbs H. H, eds. A comparative study of functional morphology of the male reproductive systems in the Astacidea with emphasis on the freshwater crayfishes (Crustacea: Decapoda). Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2007.
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Boklage, Charles E. How new humans are made: Cells and embryos, twins and chimeras, left and right, mind/self/soul sex, and schizophrenia. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2009.
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Boklage, Charles E. How new humans are made: Cells and embryos, twins and chimeras, left and right, mind/self/soul, sex, and schizophrenia. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2010.
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Boklage, Charles E. How new humans are made: Cells and embryos, twins and chimeras, left and right, mind/self\soul, sex, and schizophrenia. Singapore: World Scientific, 2010.
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Gasperini, Chiara, and Tommaso Rafanelli. SIMdisaster. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-616-7.
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SIMdisaster is a simulation software conceived to respond to the training needs of health operators managing aid in maxi-emergencies, since the reproduction of such events for didactic purposes proves to be both complex and costly. SimDisaster reconstructs the scenario of a catastrophe using photos and films manipulated using computer graphics and integrated with three-dimensional objects generated by the computer. An interactive interface makes it possible to assess the scenario and hence take decisions about the logistics of aid operations, the choice of auto-protection techniques, triage intervention and maintenance of the principal vital functions. The scenario then evolves in real time depending on the choices made by the user.
Book chapters on the topic "Male reproductive function"
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Simoni, M., and E. Nieschlag. "Male Reproductive Function." In Estrogens and Antiestrogens I, 353–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58616-3_18.
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Ivell, R., M. Balvers, W. Rust, R. Bathgate, and A. Einspanier. "Oxytocin and Male Reproductive Function." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 253–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5913-9_47.
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Kime, David E. "Disruption of Male Reproductive Function." In Endocrine Disruption in Fish, 121–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4943-7_6.
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Smith, C. G., and J. E. Harclerode. "Therapeutic drug effects on male reproductive function." In Male Fertility and Its Regulation, 39–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4894-5_4.
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Fabris, G. F. Menchini, M. Sarteschi, R. Paoli, P. M. Giorgi, G. Esposito, and D. Canale. "The use of echotomography in the diagnosis of male infertility." In Morphological Basis of Human Reproductive Function, 229–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1953-5_32.
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Giordano-Lanza, G., S. Montagnani, C. Palma, M. de Rosa, A. Vita, and G. Lombardi. "Use of acridine orange for morphological study on male infertility." In Morphological Basis of Human Reproductive Function, 251–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1953-5_36.
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Kaulenas, M. S. "Structure and Function of the Male Accessory Reproductive Systems." In Zoophysiology, 123–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84080-7_4.
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Manfo, Faustin Pascal Tsagué, Rajamanickam Jubendradass, Edouard Akono Nantia, Paul Fewou Moundipa, and Premendu Prakash Mathur. "Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on Male Reproductive Function." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01619-1_3.
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Hawken, Penny A. R., and Graeme B. Martin. "Socio-Sexual Stimuli and Reproductive Function: Emerging Perspectives of the Male Effect in Sheep and Goats." In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 12, 397–413. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5927-9_32.
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Dalterio, Susan L., Richard W. Steger, and Andrzej Bartke. "Maternal or Paternal Exposure to Cannabinoids Affects Central Neurotransmitter Levels and Reproductive Function in Male Offspring." In Marihuana and Medicine, 441–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-710-9_43.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Male reproductive function"
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Вуйцик, П. А., and М. А. Фесенко. "Negative impact of modern means of communication on male reproductive function." In The second international scientific Forum "Health and Safety at the Workplace". Encyclopedix, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-985-7153-46-6-2018-1-2-236-239.
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Li, Zhen. "Influence of estrogen receptor α phosphorylation at serine 309 on male reproductive function of mice." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Istanbul: LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.op-03.
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Scolari, Francesca. "Exploring the role of endosymbionts in male reproductive physiology: Impact on ejaculate composition and function in the tsetse flyGlossina m. morsitans." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92853.
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Li, Huan, Yu Jinghong, Jing Zhang, and Jin Shuguang. "Combined effects of DBP and DOP on the function of reproduction in male rat." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964039.
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Pragasam, Sathishkumar. "Eco Friendly Lighting Options for Offshore Installations and Related Design Challenges." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207994-ms.
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Abstract The impact of artificial lighting on birds and animals has been a subject of research for many decades. These studies have established that light pollution from offshore facilities result in disturbing effects on migratory birds and marine animals. It is understood from the various studies that light emanating from offshore structures attract birds at night and disorient them during their migratory flight. As they are distracted from their flight path, they are either found trapped by the light that they keep circling around the installations or make them to take shelter in the installations, ultimately making them miss their migratory journey. This results in reduced winter survival and reduced reproduction success. Many birds are also found to die eventually because of bird strike or by getting themselves incinerated in flares. Congregation of birds in offshore installations also lead to risks related to helicopter landing / take-off. It is also observed that artificial light attracts marine species like turtles and fishes, which result in adverse effects like alteration of feeding habits, impacted circadian rhythm and interference with their reproductive function. From the knowledge of aforementioned disruptive effects of artificial lighting, significant efforts have been made to develop lighting systems for offshore installations that are eco-friendly. Various means of mitigating the undesirable effects of artificial lighting in offshore installations are being tried in the last couple of decades.
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Furmenkova, Evgeniya, and M. Kurbanova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF GREEN PLANTS OF THE PARK "ILYICHA" OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH." In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_119-124.
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The article presents the results of a survey of plantings in the park "Ilyich" - one of the objects of landscape architecture in the Levoberezhny district of Voronezh. An inventory of green spaces has been carried out. 15 species belonging to 10 families have been identified. Hanging birch occupies a leading position in the plantation - 21%. Norway maple - 15%, silver maple - 15%, as well as small-leaved linden - 14%, white poplar - 6%. The rest of the species (large-leaved linden, common hawthorn, common ash, white willow, black poplar, bignoniform catalpa, European larch, small-leaved elm, prickly spruce, horse chestnut) in total make up less than 30%. The average category of the state of trees as a whole for the square is 2.5, which indicates the initial stage of weakening of plantations. The main pathological signs of trees in the plantings of the square are drying out of skeletal branches, mechanical damage, drying of the top, as well as settlements of stem pests, sap flow, water shoots on the trunk and branches. Such pathological signs as a frost crack, a fruiting body of mushrooms, and a cancerous tumor are rarely present. In order to restore and strengthen the recreational, architectural, decorative and sanitary and recreational functions of the Ilyich square, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures, including: removal of dying and dead trees; sanitary pruning, removal of overgrowth and excess shoots, treatment of wounds and hollows, treatment of frost cracks, treatment of plants against phytopotagens.
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Lukovnikova, L. V., L. A. Lelbiks, and E. E. Lesiovskaya. "EFFECT OF NICKEL AND ITS INSOLUBLE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF WHITE RATS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-326-329.
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Abstract. Introduction. The problem of women's health protection in enterprises producing and using nickel and its compounds is particularly relevant, since women make up a significant contingent of workers at some stages of production. Nickel and its compounds are used in the production of high-alloy steels, alloys with copper, chromium, aluminum, as a catalyst in the processes of hydrogenation of fats, in the production of batteries, nickel-plating of metal products. In case of violations of the technological process, labor protection conditions, workers may be exposed to nickel aerosol and its oxides. Purpose. To study the effect of nickel and its insoluble compounds on the reproductive function of white rats. Method of research. The studies were carried out on sexually mature female white rats weighing 180-200 g with a stable estrous cycle lasting 4-6 days. Experimental studies were conducted in accordance with national and international regulatory requirements ensuring humane treatment of animals used in experiments: Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of September 22, 2010 on the protection of animals used in scientific purposes, Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of 01.04.2016 No. 199n «On approval of the Rules of good laboratory Practice». The industrial conditions for the action of aerosol of insoluble nickel compounds were simulated in a special chamber with an individual intake of aerosol into the breathing zone at a concentration of 0.2 mg / m3 daily for 4 hours during the entire gestation period. The animals were assessed for the dynamics of body weight on the 1st, 8th, 14th and 20th days of pregnancy. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the number of yellow bodies of pregnancy, placentas and fetuses was determined, pre-, post-implantation and total intrauterine death, average length and weight of fetuses, and average placenta weight were calculated. The total number of pregnant females and fetuses was recorded with the subsequent calculation of the number of fetuses per female. Results. The action of an aerosol of insoluble nickel compounds at a concentration of 0.2 mg / m3 in this mode did not lead to a violation of the reproductive function of white rats in all the studied parameters. Conclusion. The experimental data obtained indicate that insoluble nickel compounds at the level of the maximum permissible concentrations for the air of the working area will not pose a risk of developing reproductive health pathology in working women.
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Song, Wanbing, Chenchen Gu, Qitao Hou, Zhiqiang Teng, and Ping Zhao. "Design of 1-DOF Robot With Humanoid Gait for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Based on Watt-I Six-Bar Mechanism." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23104.
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Abstract The major drawbacks of current lower limb rehabilitation robots are high cost and complex structure which make them inappropriate to be applied in the community and family. In this paper, we design an 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot with humanoid gait for lower limb rehabilitation based on Watt-I six-bar mechanism. Let the normal gait trajectory be target trajectory, the dimensions of the mechanism are calculated by path synthesis. First, the objective function to reflect the accuracy of trajectory reproduction and relevant constraints are established. Then GA-BFGS hybrid algorithm is used to minimize the objective function. After that, the optimized mechanism is analyzed by trajectory comparison, velocity / acceleration analysis and joint angle detection. Further, the kinematic simulation of the mechanism is also completed. The results show that while the crank is rotating at a constant speed, the mechanism can reproduce the time sequence and the shape of target trajectory approximately to realize walk training for patients with lower limb disorders whose legs are 810.0–860.0mm long (the corresponding heights are about 1650.0–1750.0mm). Finally, the specific structure of lower limb rehabilitation robot based on this mechanism is designed and the principle prototype model is given.
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Raimúndez-Urrutia, Elena, and Mariella Azzato Sordo. "New pedagogical configurations for traditional learning tools: a proposal." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5149.
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Digital technologies have changed the world dramatically and, as a consequence, higher education is undergoing significant teaching and learning transformations based on their use. The need to plan and produce disruptive innovations for traditional learning tools brings a challenge in this sense. One of these modern pedagogical perspectives is the use of transmedia storytelling in education, which has given a new configuration to instructional tools and have changed their forms and educational function. We present a proposal of specialized vocabulary in reproductive biology of plants using the principles of transmedia storytelling. The design of an educational transmedia artifact for the particular terminological entry of the term «polinizador» is shown to illustrate the proposed structure for the vocabulary. This artifact is constituted by diverse resources made with the use of different media and is based on the use of tags linked to each resource, which allow interactive navigation between them, structuring the storytelling about the selected term. Each resource adds particular information on the definition of the term, so that the student can obtain the answer he needs. Transmedia storytelling allows the students’ interaction with resources in a way consistent with their own interests, making them the center of their learning.
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Keogh, Patrick S., Yuan Hui Seow, and Matthew O. T. Cole. "Characteristics of a Magnetically Levitated Flexible Rotor When in Contact With One or More Auxiliary Bearings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68583.
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The case for installing auxiliary bearings in parallel with magnetic bearings is often made with regard to touchdown, when a complete system failure occurs. The work reported in this paper focuses on the case when rotor/auxiliary bearing contact occurs, but the magnetic bearings retain their functionality. One may envisage future transportation applications in which this situation would occur, for example, during high acceleration levels induced by turbulence. An understanding of the rotor dynamic response during contact conditions could enable auxiliary bearing life expectancy to be extended using appropriate control action from the still functional magnetic bearings. To achieve this, a system model is required for control strategy design purposes. This paper considers the development of a non-linear system model for predicting the contact dynamics in a flexible rotor/magnetic/auxiliary bearing system. Previous experimental work produced similar contact dynamic response characteristics; whether due to unbalance or circular forcing through a magnetic bearing. Initial model-based predictions of these tests did not provide sufficiently accurate reproduction of the measured orbits, particularly in the presence of auxiliary bearing misalignment and multi-plane rotor contact. Parameter variations are thus undertaken to investigate the reasons for these differences. Contrary to expectations, uncertainty in the magnetic bearing characteristics during contact conditions appears to offer an explanation.
Reports on the topic "Male reproductive function"
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.
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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.
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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.
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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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Jurkevitch, Edouard, Carol R. Lauzon, Boaz Yuval, and Sue D. McCombs. Bacteria - Medfly Interactions: a Spatial, Temporal and Functional Study. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697102.bard.
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Our progress overallhas been gratifying. We have been able to characterize the microflora of wild and mass reared flies, determine their mode of transmission, their spatial distribution, and their contribution to the fitness of the fly. In addition we have been able to demonstrate that manipulation of the bacteria residing in the gut of sterile males, significantly improves their reproductive success. These points are expanded below.
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Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir, and Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.
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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.
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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.
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Bloch, Guy, Gene E. Robinson, and Mark Band. Functional genomics of reproduction and division of labor in a key non-Apis pollinator. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699867.bard.
Full textAbstract:
i. List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project. Our objectives were: 1) develop state-of-the-art functional genomics tools for B. terrestris. These resources will be then used to: 2) characterize genes and molecular pathways that are associated with reproduction, 3) characterize genes and molecular pathways associated with specialization in foraging or nursing activities, and 4) determine the extent to which juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in the regulation of reproduction and division of labor. 5) Use RNA interference to down regulate genes associated with reproductive physiology, division of labor, or both. A decrease in the cost of RNA sequencing enabled us to further use the BARD support to extend our research to three additional related projects: A) The regulation of body size which is crucial for understanding both reproduction (castedetermination) and (size based) division of labor in bumblebees. B) Analyze RNA editing in our RNA sequencing data which improves the molecular understanding of the systems we study. C) The influence of JH on the fat body in addition to the brain on which we focused in our proposal. The fat body is a key tissue regulating insect reproduction and health. ii. Background to the topic. Bees are by far the most important pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The recent collapse of honey bee populations, together with declines in wild bee (including bumble bee) populations, puts their vital pollination services under severe threat. A promising strategy for circumventing this risk is the domestication and mass-rearing of non-Apis bees. This approach has been successfully implemented for several bumble bees including Bombusterrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the US, which are mass-reared in captivity. In spite of their critical economic and environmental value, little is known about the physiology and molecular biology of bumble bees. In this collaborative project we developed functional genomics tools for the bumble bee B. terrestris and use these tools for a first thorough study on the physiology and molecular biology of reproduction, dominance, and division of labor in a bumble bee. iii. Major conclusions, solutions. The valuable molecular data of this project together with the functional tools and molecular information generated in this BARD funded project significantly advanced the understanding of bumblebee biology which is essential for maintaining their vital pollination services for US and Israel agriculture.
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Hefetz, Abraham, and Gene Robinson. Hormonal and Pheromonal Regulation of Reproduction in the Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568775.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Bombus terrestris constitute important pollinators of greenhouse crops. In Israel the species utilized is, whose colonies are reared commercially. This is a primitively social species with a particular colony development. It encompasses two social phases: a eusocial phase in which the queen dominates reproduction, and a competition phase in which workers compete with the queen for the parentage of males. These workers are distinguished by accelerated ovarian development, high production of JH, and elevated levels of dopamine in the brain. Queen-worker conflict is also manifested in overt aggression among all members of the nest. High aggression is correlated with dominance status of the bees and is also correlated with octopamine levels in the brain. After verifying that JH III is the only JH produced by the bees and validating the assay for its measurements (RCA & RIA), we used JH as an indicator of worker reproduction. Queens taken from colonies both before and after the competition phase were equally effective in inhibiting worker reproduction. Moreover, there is only a narrow window, around the competition point, in which workers may have the opportunity to initiate reproduction. Before that point they are inhibited by the dominant queen, while after that point both the queen and those workers with accelerated ovarian development exert strong inhibition on worker nest mates. Thus, "queen dominance deterioration" is not the primary cause in eliciting the queen-worker conflict. Queens convey their presence by means of a chemical signal that is extractable in organic solvent and that is normally spread on the cuticle. Total body extract and body washes, applied on dead virgin queens, were able to inhibit the release of JHin vitro in queenless workers. However, none of the prominent exocrine gland investigated mimicked this function. It is possible that the source of the putative pheromone is an unknown gland, or that it emanates from an assembly of glands. Chemical analyses of the prominent glands revealed a plethora of compounds the function of which should be further investigated. Understanding the social behavior of B. terrestris paves the way to facilitate colony manipulation and to adjust the colonies for specific pollination requirements.
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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
Full textAbstract:
The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.