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1
Yashechkina, Tatiana. "Is Genistein a Threat to Male Reproductive Potential?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21954.
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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularGenistein is one of the most abundant phytoestrogens in soybeans. Because of its chemical similarity to endogenous estrogens, genistein can bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) present in cells and mediate an estrogenic response. Its estrogenic action may potentially interfere with normal functioning of various systems in the human organism, including the reproductive system which is highly regulated by sex hormones. The increasing interest in using genistein for treatment and prevention of diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, relief of menopause symptoms, among others. As well as the increasing consumption of soy in Western populations as a substitute for animal protein and its use to produce food for infants are worrisome factors because the effects of phytoestrogens on the human organism are still a matter of intense debate. Animal studies are contradictory and human studies are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genistein safety on human Sertoli cells (hSCs) in vitro. These cells are pivotal for successful espermatogenesis since they provide nutritional and physical support to sperm germ cells. Biopsies from six patients, with conserved espermatogenesis, were chosen at an infertility clinic and primary cultures of human Sertoli cells were cultured and maintained until reaching confluence. Then they were treated with different genistein concentrations during 24h. Different citotoxicity test were perfomed. No disturbances were found in hSCs treated with genistein. Therefore, we conclude that this compound is not cytotoxic to these cells. Subsequently, the analysis of one of the most relevant metabolic pathways, glycolysis, in these cells was made, which originates pyruvate, that in turn, later, is used for the production of lactate. This substrate is an important energy source for germ cells. However, the absorption and excretion of different metabolites of this pathway, in addition to the enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase, did not show significant variations after exposure of hSCs to genistein. Also genistein influence on oxidative stress rates in hSCs was evaluated, since reactive oxigene species (ROS) production is common during cell metabolism and if not eliminated efficiently it can cause irreversible damage on different cell structures and may even lead to cell death. The results of this study demonstrate that genistein did not influence oxidative stress rates. Alltoghether, we can conclude that no harmfull effects, on the parameters analyzed, were caused by genistein on hSCs. Altough it does not mean that genistein, and other phytoestrogens, are safe for the remaining of the reproductive system more studies regarding this subject are needed for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action.
A genisteína é um dos fitoestrogénios mais abundantes na soja. Devido à sua similaridade química com os estrogénios endógenos, a genisteína pode se ligar aos receptores de estrogénio (ERs) presente nas células e desencadear uma resposta estrogénica. A sua ação estrogénica pode potencialmente interferir com o funcionamento normal de vários sistemas no organismo humano, incluindo o sistema reprodutivo que é altamente regulado pelas hormonas sexuais. Tem-se verificado um crescente interesse em usar genisteína para tratamento e prevenção de doenças como o cancro, osteoporose, doenças cardiovasculares, alívio dos sintomas de menopausa, entre outros. Há ainda um o aumento do consumo de soja em populações ocidentais, como substituto da proteína animal e é usado para produzir alimentos para bebés sendo fatores preocupantes porque os efeitos dos fitoestrogénios no organismo humano ainda estão sob discussão. Por outro lado, estudos animais são contraditórios e estudos humanos são escassos. No presente estudo avaliou-se a ação da genisteína em células de Sertoli humanas (hSCs). Essas células são fundamentais para uma espermatogênese correta, uma vez que proporcionam suporte físico e nutricional às células germinativas. Biópsias de seis pacientes com espermatogênese conservada, foram recolhidas numa clínica de tratamento de fertilidade e culturas primárias de células de Sertoli humanas foram semeadas e mantidas até atingirem confluência. Atingida essa condição, as células foram tratadas com meios contendo diferentes concentrações de genisteína, durante 24h. Foram realizados diversos testes de citotoxicidade. Não foram detectadas alterações nas hSCs tratadas com genisteína. Conclui-se então que este composto não é tóxico para estas células. Posteriormente, efetuou-se a análise de uma das vias metabólicas mais relevantes nestas células, a glicólise, que origina piruvato que posteriormente é utilizado para a produção de lactato. Esse substrato é uma importante fonte energética para células germinativas. No entanto, a absorção e excreção de diferentes metabolitos desta via, além da atividade enzimática da lactato desidrogenase, não mostraram variações significativas após a exposição das hSCs a genisteína. Também se avaliou a influência da genisteína nas taxas de stress oxidativo em hSCs, uma vez que a produção de espécies reactivas de oxigénio é comum durante o metabolismo celular e, quando não são eficientemente eliminadas, podem causar danos irreversíveis em diferentes estruturas celulares podendo até levar à morte celular. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que a genisteína não influenciou as taxas de stress oxidativo. Em suma, conclui-se que não foram identificados efeitos nocivos por parte da genisteína sobre os parametros analisados nas hSCs. No entanto, isso não significa que a genisteína, e outros fitoestrogénios, sejam seguros para o resto do sistema reprodutivo. Por esta razão deverão ser efetuados vários estudos no futuro para o esclarecimento mais amplo da sua ação.
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Adamali, Huzaifa Ismail. "b-hexosaminidase in the male reproductive tract : expression, regulation and function." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23982.
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$ beta$-Hexosaminidase (Hex) is an essential lysosomal enzyme whose absence in man results in a group of disorders, the G$ sb{ rm M2}$ gangliosidoses which includes Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. There are two major isoenzymes of Hex, Hex A ($ alpha beta$) and Hex B ($ beta beta$).Two cell types, apical and narrow cells, in the initial segment of the rat epididymis immunolocalized Hex. Principal cells of the epididymis were intensely reactive for Hex only in the intermediate zone, caput and proximal corpus regions. Clear cells were reactive in the regions of the epididymis where they were found. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of Hex in lysosomes of all reactive cells in the epididymis and of those in Sertoli cells and interstitial macrophages of the testis.
The regulation of Hex in the male reproductive tract was examined in the epididymides of rats at various ages after birth and of adult rats which were orchidectomized and treated with or without testosterone.
To study the impact of absence of Hex in the male reproductive tract, mouse models of human Tay-Sachs (Hexa $-$/$-$) and Sandhoff (Hexb $-$/$-$) diseases, created through gene targeted disruption of the $Hexa ( alpha$-subunit) and $Hexb ( beta$-subunit) genes respectively, were examined. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Sumner, Rebecca. "Environmental impact on male reproductive function : focusing on a canine sentinel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41120/.
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Over the last three decades, there has been increasing concern over environmental effects on human male reproductive health. Both temporal and regional trends in semen quality, testicular cancer and malformations at birth have been associated with changes or differences in exposure to chemicals present within the environment. These abnormalities are typically classified under one entity, Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome [TDS]. Since temporal trends in sperm quality have also been reported in the dog, it was proposed that this may reflect a common cross-species environmental aetiology and that the dog is a sentinel for human exposure to ECs. The overarching hypothesis of this thesis is that the dog may exhibit regional differences symptomatic of TDS and may respond to environmental influences in a similar manner to the human. Experimental studies designed to test this hypothesis focused on (1) the sensitivity of sperm to environmental influences, (2) canine sentinel testicular chemical profiles and pathological features of testes from specific geographical regions and (3) possible environmental influences impacting on cryptorchidism in dogs. Humans and animals are not directly exposed to single chemicals but to a mixture of environmental toxicants present within the environment. Chapter 3 initiated investigations into mixture effects of ECs by utilising a novel full factorial chemical model of two chemicals known to be present in reproductive tissues. Concentrations of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP] and polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 [PCB-153] at environmentally relevant levels, as determined by testicular chemical profiling of dog testes, and their effects upon parameters of sperm quality, were tested in vitro. While subtle differences in motility were observed between species, DNA fragmentation was increased similarly in both the human and dog following EC exposure. Although this applied to individual and mixed chemicals, the effects of one chemical impacted on the activity of the other dependent on the concentration ratio. Interestingly, for DNA fragmentation, data presented suggests that PCB-153 is the driver behind increased sperm DNA damage in both species. Since the data alluded to above support the concept of utilising the domestic dog as a sentinel for human exposure to ECs, the dog was used to investigate regional variation upon testicular developmental, morphological and histopathological features. The regions selected for in this component of the thesis display different degrees of industrialisation and thus variation in exposure to environmental contaminants. Data presented demonstrate significant regional variation in chemical profiles, testicular developmental markers and histopathological features indicative of TDS. Specifically, testicular DEHP and PCB-153 with known geographical variation, were found to be positively associated with markers of proliferation and spermatogenesis. Interestingly, a further chemical present in dog testis, poly-brominated diphenyl ether congener 47 [PBDE-47], was negatively correlated with these markers. Furthermore, a novel system developed to assess and score histopathological abnormalities in testes, revealed a higher range of atypical features in testes from the UK compared to those collected from Scandinavia. A further novel element of this thesis was the development of a survey to assess environmental influences on cryptorchidism across several breeds of dog. Uniquely, a higher prevalence of cryptorchidism was observed in deerhounds originating from the East Midlands. Of the range of environmental influences investigated, a key observation was that some bitches of cryptorchid pups were fed a specific brand of feed previously reported to contain ECs. Assessment of further environmental factors covered by the survey such as exposure to pesticides, cigarette smoke and air fresheners provided preliminary information pending the further repeat release of the survey to the same breeders in future years. These data provide preliminary evidence into possible environmental factors that could influence canine and human reproductive health. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis are significant since they add considerable weight to the paradigm that environmental factors impact directly on male reproductive function. Unique data presented within this thesis emphasises that specific chemical types perturb sperm function and these chemicals vary by region. Furthermore, the work presented here consolidate the suitability of the domestic dog as a sentinel for human exposure to contaminants thus providing the added benefit of enabling access to reproductive tissues from different regions as an index of human reproductive health.
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Ilfergane, Abdulkarem. "Investigations on the effects of Typha capensis on male reproductive functions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5329.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIntroduction: Typha capensis, commonly referred to as bulrush also called "love reed'' growing in Southern Africa's wetlands, is one of South Africa indigenous medicinal plants that are traditionally used to treat male fertility problems and various other ailments. Previous studies revealed that T. capensis has indeed a beneficial effect on male reproductive functions and aging male symptoms. The T.capensis rhizomes are used in traditional medicine during pregnancy to ensure easy delivery, for venereal diseases, dysmenorrhea, diarrhoea, dysentery, and to enhance the male potency and libido. Typha genuses contain flavones and other phenolic compounds, which exhibit anti-oxidative capacity. Materials and Methods: This study encompasses three parts (part 1: Exposure of different cell lines to crude aqueous extracts of T. capensis rhizomes; part 2: HPLC analysis of Typha capensis crude rhizome extract and exposure of different cell lines to the F1 fraction of the summer season; part 3: Compound identification by means of NMR spectrometric analysis and exposure of different cell lines to bioactive compounds (Quercetin and Naringenin) isolated from T. capensis rhizomes. Part 1: TM3-Leydig cells and LNCaP cells incubated with different concentrations of crude aqueous extract of T. capensis rhizomes (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) and control (without extract) for 24 and 96 hours, after incubation. The following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology and viability (determined by means of MTT assay). Part 2: The crude extract HPLC profiles were obtained by preparing the extracts for different seasons (Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer). TM3-Leydig cells, LNCaP cells and PWR-1E cells incubated with different concentrations T. capensis rhizomes extract F1 fraction of the summer season (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) and control (without extract) for 24 and 96 hours, after incubation. The following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology was observed and recorded, viability (determined by means of MTT assay), testosterone production (testosterone ELISA test), cell early apoptosis (determined by means of Annexin V-Cy3 binding), DNA fragmentation (determined by means of the TUNEL assay). Part 3: NMR spectrometric analysis was performed on a 13C spectra were recorded at 400 MHz. TM3-Leydig cells and LNCaP cells incubated with different concentrations of bioactive compounds (Quercetin and Naringenin) isolated from T. capensis rhizomes, for acute exposure (24, 96 hours) and chronic exposure (96 hours), after incubation, the following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology and viability (determined by means of MTT assay), testosterone production (testosterone ELISA test), cell early apoptosis (determined by means of Annexin V-Cy3 binding) and DNA fragmentation (determined by means of the TUNEL assay). Results: Part 1: for TM3-Leydig cells the results reveal no observable morphological changes and no significant influence on cell viability except at highest concentration indicating cellular stress. However, LNCaP cells showed a decline in cell viability at the incubation period 96 hours (-82.4%) more than 24 hours (-64.7%) indicating more cell death. Part 2: HPLC data showed that the most effective fraction was the F1 fraction from the summer harvest. Results revealed that the T. capensis rhizome extract F1 fraction of the summer season significantly enhanced testosterone production in TM3 cells and was more toxic towards cancer cells (LNCaP cells ) compared to the normal cell lines (TM3-Leydig, PWR-1E cells). Part 3: NMR data showed 2 bioactive compounds which were identified as Quercetin and Naringenin. The assays showed that LNCaP cells are more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects and apoptosis induction of both compounds, whereas, the assays resulted in weak effects toward TM3-Leydig cells. However, testosterone production in TM3-Leydig cells was significantly enhanced at low concentrations of Quercetin and Naringenin at all exposure types (acute and chronic) testosterone beak significantly at around 0.100 and 0.125 μg/ml (P<0.0001), stimulatory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Typha capensis enhanced the production of testosterone and might be useful to treat male infertility and aging male problems. Results further reveal that the F1 fraction from the summer harvest had highest biological activity. This study, for the first time, investigated the effects of bioactive compounds (Quercetin and Naringenin) yeilded from aqueous extraction of Typha capensis rhizomes in cell lines investigating male reproductive functions. Active compounds present in the rhizomes have caused an increased production of testosterone level in TM3-Leydig cells. Furthermore, the active compounds of Typha capensis rhizomes in the high dose had a negative effect on the percentage of DNA fragmentation in LNCaP cells. When compared to the effect of the low dose, the two compounds induced significant apoptosis in cancer cell line (LNCaP) compared with the normal cell line (TM3-Leydig). The isolated compounds are significantly selective towards the cancer cells than the normal cell compared with the exposure of bioactive compounds used in this study.
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Peiris, Dinithi. "Effects of known reproductive toxicants of sperm function and nuclear integrity in the hamster." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287651.
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O'Hara, Laura. "Characterisation of androgen receptor function in the male reproductive system through conditional gene targeting." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5710.
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Androgen receptor (AR) signalling is essential for the development and function of the male reproductive system. Conditional gene ablation using the Cre-loxP system has previously assisted in the elucidation of the role of AR in different cell types. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the ablation of AR in previously untargeted cell types, with the hypothesis that this will have significant and novel effects on reproductive development and function that have not been previously documented by current models of androgen disruption. In these studies, three Cre recombinase lines were empirically validated for action in the male reproductive system, before being used to ablate AR and the phenotypes of the resulting lines were characterised. Endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie2)-Cre was shown to target the vascular and endothelial cells of the testis, and used to ablate AR in these cells. The testes of the resulting Tie2-ARKO line were morphologically similar to controls, with normal spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa present in the cauda epididymis. Aquaporin 2 (Aqp2)-Cre was shown to target the post-meiotic germ cells of the testis, and was used to ablate AR in these cells. The testes of the resulting Aqp2-ARKO line were morphologically similar to controls, with normal spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa present in the cauda epididymis. It was concluded that the Ar gene was dispensable in the endothelial cells and post-meiotic germ cells of the testis for normal spermatogenesis. Forkhead box protein G1 (FoxG1)-Cre was shown to target the caput epididymal epithelium and pituitary, and used to ablate AR in these cells. d100 FoxG1-ARKO mice had a severe testicular phenotype, with sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium, atrophy of some seminiferous tubules and distension of the rete testis with spermatozoa. Despite the severe testis phenotype, ablation in the testis was incomplete and restricted to a small percentage of Leydig cells, with no ablation in Sertoli cells. Ablation of AR in the embryonic pituitary did not cause adult serum testosterone or LH concentrations to change, nor did it cause changes in other pituitary hormone transcripts. Mosaic ablation of AR in the caput epididymal epithelium was shown to impair epididymal development, with failure of initial segment (segment I) development and a significant decrease in epithelial cell height and lumen diameter in the remaining proximal caput epididymis (segment II). Dysfunction of the caput epididymis resulted in the failure of spermatozoa to transit the efferent ducts into the epididymis correctly: instead they were found to stall in the efferent ducts and produce a block. The testicular phenotype could be explained as the result of fluid backpressure effects resulting from the efferent duct block. Consequently, low concentration of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis resulted in infertility in the FoxG1-ARKO, which represents a new model of obstructive azoospermia.
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Frantz, Deborah E. "The effects of Aroclor 1254 on the reproductive function of male round stingrays (Urobatis halleri)." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526908.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) negatively affect reproduction across taxa. However, how PCBs influence elasmobranchs is not well known. I hypothesized that acute PCB exposure would negatively impact reproductive parameters of newly-mature round stingrays (Urobatis halleri). To determine the acute effects of PCBs on steroidogenesis, male stingrays were injected with either Aroclor-1254 or vehicle (sesame-oil) and held for 24 hrs. Testicular mRNA expression for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase decreased with 24 hrs exposure to Aroclor-1254 (p<0.05). To test sperm quality, seminal fluid was exposed to Aroclor-1254 (0.00, 0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1.000, 10.00 mg/L) for < 1 or 24 hrs. Aroclor-1254 (10.00 mg/L) decreased spermatozoa motility and viability at both time-points compared to controls (p<0.001). At < 1 hrs, spermatozoa motility decreased from the control at 1.000 mg/L (p<0.05) and viability decreased at 0.010 mg/L (p<0.05). These results indicate that Aroclor-1254 may have targeted effects on U. halleri, inhibiting spermatozoa function and steroidogenic enzyme activity at an acute dose.
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Elgenaidi, Abdalla Ramadan. "Effects of Libyan traditional plants on the reproductive system of male and female rats." University of the Western cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5412.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIn different parts of the world, medicinal plants have demonstrated a lot of health benefits to mankind and remains an important source for the discovery of new bio-active compounds. Libya is a typical example of a country where medicinal plants are widely used. Plant extracts of five Libyan medicinal plants were used in this study to investigate their in vivo effects on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in male rats and on ovulation and fertility in female rats. The In vitro effects of these plant extracts were also investigated on TM3 Leydig cells and MCF 7 breast cancer cells. A phyto-chemical analysis of the five Libyan medicinal plants (flaxseed, black seeds, radish seed, date palm pollen and nutmeg) was done. The results showed that date palm pollen had a higher antioxidant activity than all of the above mentioned plants. In addition to this, Nigella sativa was observed to possess high flavonol content as well as high antioxidant activity. Male rats exposed to flaxseed, radish seeds and date palm pollen showed no significant alterations in body weight gain, whereas date palm pollen (240 mg/kg, p < 0.05) promoted an increase in body gain. This study also revealed a significant increase in the relative testicular weight of animals exposed to either flaxseed (300mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120mg/kg). In addition, the relative weights of the seminal vesicles of all treated groups showed significant increased values. The level of serum testosterone showed a significant increase after exposure to radish seed (80mg/kg) and a significant dose- dependent increase for date palm pollen when compared to control (P< 0.05). In contrast, flaxseed caused a dose-dependent significant (p <0.01) decrease in testosterone level at radish seed (300mg/Kg). All plant extracts caused a significant increase in sperm concentration. Sperm vitality significantly (p < 0.05) increased by radish seed (80mg/kg), flaxseed (300mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120, 240mg/kg) respectively. Total progressive motility improved significantly at flaxseed (300 mg/kg) (p < 0.001) as well as date palm pollen (p < 0.01). Histological examination of the cross sections of the testis showed clear presence of all stages of spermatogenesis in all the treated groups. Rat epididymides showed normal morphological appearance and their lumen were filled with spermatozoa. The diameter of seminiferous tubules in male rats exposed to date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The heights of the germ cell epithelia within the eminiferous tubules were also significantly increased in all treated groups. Liver and renal functions tests showed a significant decrease in Alanine transaminase (ALT) and creatinine in all treated groups (p < 0.05), and this demonstrates the lack of cytotoxic effects of date palm pollen, radish seed and flaxseed on the rats. However, these plant extracts produced a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in Aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Besides this, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in testis was increased significantly by radish seed (160 mg/kg), flaxseed (200 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). There was also improved catalase activity in testis of male rats exposed to radish seed and date palm pollen. Regarding male sexual behavior, the time to reach the female and the mount frequency decreased significantly in male rats exposed to flaxseed (300 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg; p > 0.05) thus, these plant extracts exhibit aphrodisiac properties. In addition, exposure of male rats to date palm pollen (120 mg/kg) produced a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the number of embryos in untreated female rats. In the female rats, the body weight gain was not affected (p > 0.05). However, the relative uterus weights exposed to nutmeg (200 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, the relative weights of ovaries after treatment with nutmeg (400 mg/kg) and black seed (400 mg/kg) showed significantly increased values (p < 0.01). Serum FSH was significantly increased (p > 0.05 or 0.01) when the female rats have been exposed to black seed (200 mg/kg), nutmeg (200 mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). The LH level significantly (p < 0.01) decreased following exposure to black seed (200 mg/kg), date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). On the other hand, serum LH concentration was significantly increased in female rats exposed nutmeg (400 mg/kg; p > 0.05). The creatinine activity in female rat serum in all treated groups was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Whereas the higher dose of date palm pollen (240 mg/kg) caused only a non-significant decrease. ALT activity in serum of female rat exposed to either black seed (400 mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) was shown to decrease significantly (p < 0.05). Histology of the reproductive organs, kidney and liver in the female rats showed no obvious alterations in any of the treated groups. In addition, the number of embryos in female rats significantly increased (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) following exposure of female rats to black seeds 400 and date palm pollen 240 mg/kg, respectively. Incubation of TM3 Leydig cells with radish seeds for 24, 48 or 72 hours caused a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Besides that, date palm pollen and flaxseed increased the mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity of TM3 Leydig cells. In addition, higher concentration of date palm pollen, nutmeg and black seed were cytotoxic to MCF7 breast cells. In testis slices testosterone secretion in vitro was significantly increased by flaxseed (500 μg/ml; p > 0·05) and date palm pollen (500 μg/ml; p > 0·01). MCf-7 cells treated with BS 10-50 μg/ml black seed and nutmeg 10-50μg/ml significantly increased cell proliferation. However, the treatment with date palm pollen produced only a weak estrogenic effect, which resulted in a concentration dependent significant increase as observed between 50-1000 μg/ml date palm pollen. In conclusion, in this study, we observed that date palm pollen, radish seed and flaxseed increased libido as well as steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, improved hepato and nephron-protective effects. In female rats, the plant extracts NM, BS and date palm pollen potentiated the production of gonadotropic hormones. In addition to this, at lower concentrations these medicinal plants promoted cell growth, whereas at higher concentrations they inhibited cell proliferation of MCF- 7 breast cancer cells. The anti-oxidant effects of these plant extracts have been implicated for the above mention effects.
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Jordaan, Audrey Emmerentia. "The effects of the wild african potato (hypoxis hemerocallidea) supplementation on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats reproductive function." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2234.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to be one of the greatest global public health threats. Statistics of the fertility status of modern society has linked increased DM to a decrease in fertility rates. Hyperglycaemia is characteristic of DM that results in a disturbance of proteins, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism leading to an increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the case where ROS overwhelms antioxidant mechanisms, the body goes into state of oxidative stress (OS). OS plays a vital role in the progression of DM which leads to dysfunction and damage of various organs including that of the reproductive system. Os has shown to cause damage to the sperm membraneby oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA’s) as the sperm membrane are rich in PUFA’s. This damage contributes to reduced sperm motility, concentration, morphological abnormalities and the sperms ability to fuse with the ZP of the oocyte. DM has been observed to cause testicular degeneration by interrupting sertoli cell production and maintenance thus resulting in a disturbance of the normal functioning of the reproductive system. Experimental studies have targeted more natural sources for treating DM and its complications of the reproductive system. Plants and natural dietary substances have shown to have high antioxidant contents that combat DM induced oxidative stress. This study explored the effect the Hypoxis hemerocallidea (H. hemerocallidea) supplementation on testicular and epididymal tissue, sperm motility and reproductive hormones in male wistar rats. The experiment were conducted for 6 weeks and the rats (230-260 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12 per group). Diabetes was induced in 3 of the 5 groups. The first group was the normal control group (A), second the diabetic control group (B), third was the diabetic group treated with 800mg/kg H. hemerocallidea (group C), fourth the diabetic group treated with 200mg/kg H. hemerocallidea (group D) and fifth the non-diabetic group supplemented with 800mg/kg H. hemerocallidea (group E). Blood glucose showed a significant increase in the diabetic group when compared to the normal control and treated groups. H. hemerocallidea showed improvement in sperm motility and sperm morphology more at 800mg/kg when compared to diabetic group and diabetic group treated with 200mg/kg. Body, testicular and epipidymal weights of diabetic control were significantly lower when compared to the other groups. Testicular and epididymal Malondialdehyde levels were decreased in normal control, diabetic groups treated with different doses of H. hemerocallidea and the non-diabetic group supplemented with H. hemerocallideaon comparing with the diabetic control group. Antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and total Glutathione activity was observed to be dosage dependent in certin groups but most showed a significant increase when compared to the diabetic control group. The total antioxidant capacity was measured using Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); increase was observed when normal control group and treated groups were compared to the diabetic group. Testosterone and estradiol levels were also increased when the normal control group and treated groups were compared to the diabetic control group. Based on our findings it can be concluded that H. hemerocallidea supplementation can potentially be used to counteract deleterious effects of DM on the male reproductive system.
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Itoh, Makoto. "Study on the function of female calls in Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Pelophylax porosus brevipodus." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244514.
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Ahmad, Nazir. "Clinical and experimental studies of reproductive function in the ram and male goat with special reference to the use of diagnostic ultrasound." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522149.
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Hasbun, Jaime Samour. "Studies of male reproductive function, semen preservation and artificial insemination of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) with some observations on birds of prey." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296705.
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Van, Wyk Susan. "The effects of growth stimulants used at cattle feedlots, on reproductive health and thyroid function of Sprague-Dawley rats." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24885.
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Reports of endocrine disrupting potential of common environmental chemicals and the effects on reproductive health are well documented in literature. It has been suggested that deteriorating male reproductive health could be due to in utero exposures to these chemicals. The effects mediated through endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are on the fetus and may therefore be trans-generational. Ultimately, these chemicals land up in aquatic systems and affect wildlife and humans. Humans are exposed to these chemicals through multiple routes including atmosphere, water, occupational, domestic and food consumption. South Africa (SA) is an important livestock producer with about 13.8 million cattle within the feedlot industry contributing up to 80% of the total beef production. Veterinary growth stimulants (VGS) are used by beef producers to enhance growth in cattle. In SA, the following five VGS have been approved for use in beef products under the Register Act 36 of 1947, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone (natural), α'-zearalanol and trenbolone (synthetic). These VGS and their metabolites are environmentally stable compounds. The excretions from the animals are not treated and land up in the local aquatic systems, indirectly posing a health risk. In SA no research has been done on VGS associated with feedlot activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of VGS, as possible EDCs on the reproductive health and thyroid function in male rats in utero, during lactation and life-time exposure. The (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic activity in water from specific feedlots was determined by using a battery of screening bio-assays. Water samples were collected over a period of a year and assessed for EDC activity in the recombinant yeast screen (YES), the T47D-KBluc (estrogenic) and the MDA-Kb2 (androgenic) bioassays. The OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 415 protocol, (1983) for a one-generation reproduction toxicity study, was modified to accommodate one control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups were orally gavaged with mixtures of: zilpaterol, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and α-zearalanol (Group 2; estogenic); with β'-trenbolone and methyltestosterone (MT) (Group 3; androgenic); a combination of compounds (Group 4; estrogenic and androgenic) and the Control group received cottonseed oil only. The bio-assay results indicated that water samples analysed from selected feedlots contained compounds with estrogenic activity. The shorter anogenital distance (AGD) (Group 3), decreased seminal vesicle mass (Group 4), decreased prostate mass (Group 4), increased lumen diameter (Group 3 and 4), lowered sperm concentration (Group 3), and increased T4 (Group 2 and 3) differed significantly from the control. The body weight of the males in Group 2 in the F2 generation was significantly lower than the control. The F2 females in Group 2, 3 and 4 were also significantly lower than the control. The reduced AGD, decreased seminal vesicle and increased T4 (thyroxine) might be the result of an estrogenic effect. The reduced sperm concentration might be the result of in utero and lactation exposure to these VGS. The bio-assays confirmed estrogenic activity in the feedlot water sources. The reproductive toxicology study findings confirm the hypothesis that VGS can act as EDCs and could therefore be responsible for negative reproductive effects and thyroid function. More research is needed to investigate the effects of VGS mixtures at different concentrations on male reproductive health, thyroid function and their offspring. AFRIKAANS : Goed gedokumenteerde literatuur dui aan dat chemikalieë wat algemeen in die omgewing gevind word, die potensiaal het om die manlike voortplantingstelsel aan te tas. Dit word gespekuleer dat in utero blootstelling verantwoordelik kan wees vir hierdie agteruitgang. Die fetus en daarop- volgende geslagte se gesondheid kan ook beÏnvloed word deur chemikalieë. Hierdie chemikalieë het die potensiaal om die watersisteme te bereik en gevolglik dier en menslike gesondheid te beÏnvloed. Blootstelling kan plaasvind deur verskeie roetes wat die atmosfeer, water, werksomstandighede, huishoudelike produkte en gekontamineerde voedsel insluit. Suid-Afrika (SA) is 'n belangrike produsent van vleisprodukte met omtrent 13.8 miljoen beeste wat bydra tot 80% van die vleisproduksie. Veterinêre-groei-stimulante (VGS) word gebruik om die vleisproduksie te verbeter. Vyf groei stimulante naamlik estradiol, progesteroon, testosteroon (natuurlike), α-zearalanol en trenboloon (sinteties) is goedgekeur onder die Wet 36 van 1947, vir groei produksie van beeste. Hierdie VGS en hul metaboliete is stabiel in die natuur. Die fekale en urinere uitskeidingsprodukte van die diere word nie behandel nie en eindig op in ons waterstelsels. Geen navorsing is nog in SA gedoen om die potensiële bydraes wat voerkrale tot die besoedeling van water lewer, te bestudeer nie. Die doel van die studie was om die gesamentlike effekte van mengsels VGS as moontlike endokrien-ontwrigtende chemicalieë (EOC) op die manlike voortplantingstelsel en tiroïdhormone van mannetjiesrotte na in utero-, gedurende laktasie- en na 'n leeftyd-blootstelling te bepaal. Die (anti)estrogeniese en (anti)androgeniese aktiwiteit in water vanaf spesifieke voerkrale is met behulp van 'n reeks biologiese seltoetse bepaal. Watermonsters is geanaliseer met die gisseltoets (YES)(estrogenies), die T47D-KBluc (estrogenies) en die MDA-Kb2 (androgenies). Die OECD 415 protokol (1983) vir een generasie reproduktiewe toksologie toets was aangepas om een kontrole en drie eksperimentele groepe te huisves. Die eksperimentele groepe rotte is oraal gedoseer met 'n mengsel van zilpaterol, dietielstilbestrol (DES) en α-zearalanol (Groep 2); β-trenboloon en metieltestosteroon (Groep 3); 'n kombinasie van al bogenoemde (Groep 4); en 'n kontrole groep wat katoensaad olie VGS ontvang het nie. Estrogeniese aktiwiteit en sitotoksisiteit was teenwoordig in die water vanaf die voerkrale. Die verkorte anogenitale afstand (AGD) (Groep 3), kleiner seminale vesikel (SV) massa (Groep 4), kleiner prostaat massa (Groep 4), groter lumen deursneë (Groep 3 en 4), laer spermtelling (Groep 3), verhoogde T4 (Groep 2 en 3), het almal statisties-betekenisvol van die kontrole groep verskil. In die F2 generasie het die liggaamsmassas van die mannetjies in Groep 2 en liggaamsmassas van die wyfies in Groepe 2, 3 , 4, almal statisties-betekenisvol laer as die kontrole Groep. Die verkorte AGD, kleiner SV en verhoogde T4 kan moonlik wees as gevolg van 'n estrogeniese effek en die verlaagde sperm konsentrasie weens 'n in utero en laktasie blootstelling. Die biologiese seltoetse het die teenwoordigheid van estrogeniese aktiwiteit in voerkrale se water bevestig. Die gevolge van die blootstelling van EOC mengsels op voortplantings-parameters bevestig die moontlikheid van EOC effek geassosieer met VGS. Verdere navorsing is nodig om die dosisresponsverhoudings van verskillende VGS te ondersoek. CopyrightDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
Unrestricted
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Rebourcet, Diane. "Caractérisation des effets d'une exposition in utéro à la dioxine sur le système reproducteur du rat : identification de gènes cibles testiculaires : implication du récepteur AHR dans la physiologie testiculaire de la souris." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10077.
Full textAbstract:
L'homme de par son environnement se trouve exposé de manière chronique à un mélange de substances faiblement dosées. Cette exposition est particulièrement préoccupante pour la santé humaine. En effet, certaines substances sont susceptibles d'interagir et de perturber le système endocrinien, ce sont les perturbateurs endocriniens (PE). Les dioxines, appartenant aux PE, sont des sous-produits non désirés d'un grand nombre de procédés industriels. Les données de la littérature décrivent un impact des dioxines sur le développement et la fonction de reproduction des mâles, cependant les mécanismes d'action ne sont pas totalement élucidés. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit ont porté sur la mise en évidence des effets d'une exposition in utero à la TCDD sur l'appareil reproducteur mâle et sur l'identification de marqueurs d'exposition au niveau testiculaire chez le rat. Nous montrons une baisse transitoire des réserves spermatiques chez le jeune adulte, ce défaut disparaît chez l'animal adulte. Par ailleurs, si peu de gènes s'avèrent différentiellement exprimés dans le testicule après une exposition, nous mettons en évidence que deux chémokines Ccl5 (régulé négativement) et Cxcl4 (stimulé) pourraient être de bons marqueurs d'exposition. Nous avons reproduit ces effets in vitro dans des cultures primaires de cellules de Leydig de souris adultes. En parallèle, les effets de cette exposition à la dioxine ont été analysées chez les femelles (S. Magre). La dioxine étant un PE, nous avons comparé les profils transcriptomiques de testicules et d'ovaires afin de mettre en évidence les gènes communs ou sexe-spécifiques. Nous présentons également la caractérisation du phénotype de l'appareil reproducteur mâle de souris invalidée pour le récepteur aryl hydrocarbone (AhR). L'étude de la physiologie du testicule au cours du développement et des réserves spermatiques et deux analyses transcriptomiques testiculaires ont ainsi été initiéesMankind and wildlife are exposed chronically and at low doses to a cocktail of substances. Studies of these molecules are of major concern, as some have shown ability to interact and disrupt endocrine system. Dioxins are undesired by-products of combustion processes originating from industrial activity. Its impact on development and male reproduction has been documented in many studies. However its mechanism of action is still not clearly understood. Data described in this manuscript highlights the effect of an in utero exposure to TCDD on male reproductive function. Dioxin induced a decrease of spermatic reserve in the young adult. This defect was transitory as adult showed normal reserve. Next, we identified sensitive dioxin genes differentially expressed in testes. Beside few genes differentially expressed, we identified 2 chemokines : Ccl5, down-regulated and Cxcl4, up-regulated. Ccl5 is expressed in Leydig cells whereas Cxcl4 is found in both Leydig and Sertoli cells. This result is confirmed by an in vitro study. Dioxin impact on female reproductive function was also studied (S. Magre). As dioxin is an endocrine disruptor, we initiated the identification of common or sex-specific gene in ovaries and testis exposed in utero. To do so, we compared transcriptomic profile of these 2 tissues focusing on chemokine and cytochrome gene expression pattern. Herein is also presented the results concerning the reproductive phenotype of male knocked-out (KO) for AhR. Testicular physiology and spermatic reserve were examined and two transcriptomic analyses were achieved
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Manfo, Tsague Faustin Pascal. "Étude de la toxicité des agropesticides utilisés à Djutitsa (Ouest Cameroun) sur la fonction de reproduction mâle et effet protecteur d’extraits de plantes médicinales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10024.
Full textAbstract:
L’impact de l’utilisation des agropesticides sur la fonction de reproduction mâle est évalué chez des agriculteurs de Djutitsa (Ouest Cameroun). Le pesticide le plus utilisé par ces agriculteurs est testé in vivo sur la fonction de reproduction du rat mâle, ex vivo et/ou in vitro sur la stéroïdogenèse Leydigienne afin d’évaluer son implication dans les déséquilibres observés chez les agriculteurs. Ensuite, l’effet protecteur des extraits de Carpolobia alba et Basella alba contre les effets délétères dudit pesticide est évalué in vivo chez des rats mâles, ainsi que leur influence sur la production de la protéine de transport des stéroïdes (SHBG) par les cellules HepG2. Les résultats montrent que les agriculteurs utilisent 25 agropesticides et présentent des symptômes liés à une protection inadéquate. De plus, ils présentent une diminution de la testostérone avec une élévation de l’androstènedione sériques comparé au groupe témoin non exposé (P < 0,05) et ces déséquilibres androgéniques sont accompagnés de difficultés de reproduction. Le manèbe est l’agropesticide le plus utilisé et perturbe chez le rat mâle la stéroïdogenèse Leydigienne (à travers l’inhibition de la CYP11A1) et la fertilité. Cette fertilité est améliorée/rétablie lorsque le pesticide est concomitamment administré avec l’un des extraits, suggérant ainsi l’effet protecteur desdits extraits qui est imputable à leur activité androgénique également démontré chez les rats. Toutefois, ces extraits et le manèbe n’affectent pas la production de la SHBG in vitro. Ces résultats soulignent l’altération de la fonction de reproduction mâle par les agropesticides et l’effet bénéfique des plantes médicinalesThe effect of agropesticides use on male reproductive function was evaluated in male farmers in Djutitsa (West Cameroon). The most frequently used agropesticide by farmers was selected and tested in vivo on the reproductive function of male rats, ex vivo and/or in vitro on Leydig cells steroidogenesis, in order to evaluate its implication in disorders observed in farmers. The ability of 2 Cameroonian medicinal plants (Carpolobia alba and Basella alba) to prevent pesticide-induced toxicity was also investigated in vivo in male rats. Furthermore, both extracts and selected pesticide were tested on the release of a steroid transporter protein (SHBG) by HepG2 cells. The results showed that farmers used 25 agropesticides and presented symptoms related to inadequate protection. Moreover, they had lower serum testosterone and higher androstenedione levels compared to a control group with no history of agropesticide exposure (P < 0.05), and these androgenic imbalances were accompanied by difficulties of reproduction. Maneb was the most common ingredient, and its administration to male rats resulted in decrease/alteration of Leydig cells steroidogenesis (through inhibition of CYP11A1) as well as fertility. The latter fertility was improved/restored when maneb was coadministrated to rats with any of the plant extracts, suggesting their protective effect that may be attributed to their proven androgenic activity. However maneb and the plant extracts did not affect SHBG release by HepG2 cells. These results highlight agropesticides deleterious effect on male reproductive function, which may be prevented by the investigated plant extracts
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Joudeh, Nidaa M. "THE ROLE OF SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASES IN SPERMFUNCTION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1493594290482411.
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Bhattacharjee, Rahul. "ROLE OF GSK3a IN SPERM FUNCTION AND MALE FERTILITY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532949151866613.
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Corrigan, Laura. "Regulation and reproductive functions of membrane-bound vesicles secreted by the Drosophila male accessory gland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:673d46a5-ba88-42d2-9361-51f04d61e01b.
Full textAbstract:
Membrane-bound vesicle secretion provides a novel intercellular communication mechanism, whose roles and regulation remain poorly characterised, particularly in vivo. I have identified two classes of lipid-containing, vesicle-like structures secreted into seminal fluid by epithelial cells of the Drosophila male accessory gland (AG). Exosomes, one class of membrane-bound vesicle formed inside late endosomal multivesicular bodies, are specifically secreted by secondary cells (SCs). The unusual cell biology of SCs allowed me to develop a powerful new high resolution in vivo system to characterise the mechanisms underlying intracellular membrane trafficking events underlying exosome biogenesis using real-time live imaging. I characterise how specific ESCRTs (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) control SC exosome biogenesis, and identify a novel role for BMP signalling in regulating endolysosomal trafficking events necessary for exosome secretion. I also identify roles for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling in exosome biogenesis. Importantly, SC exosomes are transferred to females during mating. Here, they fuse with sperm, mirroring in vitro interactions between human prostate exosomes and sperm, and interact with the female reproductive tract epithelium. Blocking SC exosome production specifically suppresses post-mating effects on female receptivity to remating, demonstrating that exosomes have an important reproductive signalling function in vivo, directly or indirectly reprogramming female cells. Finally, I show that main cells, the major epithelial AG cell type, shed lipid-containing microvesicle-like structures from their apical surface. Remarkably, these vesicles carry the seminal peptide, sex peptide, into females during mating and also contribute to the anterior mating plug. In summary, my data reveal previously unsuspected roles for exosomes and microvesicles in Drosophila reproduction that may be evolutionarily conserved. Since these vesicles mediate physiological processes previously thought to involve soluble peptides, my work suggests that current models explaining male reprogramming of female behaviours in flies and higher organisms need substantial revision.
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Erasmus, Nicolete. "Investigations on the in vitro effects of aqueous Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract on male reproductive functions." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2238_1375971626.
Full textAbstract:
Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali
TA) is a Malaysian shrub used to treat various illnesses including male infertility. Considering that TA is also used to improve male fertility and no report
regarding its safety has been published, this study investigated the effects of a patented, aqueous TA extract on various sperm and testicular functions. Materials and Methods This study
encompasses two parts (part 1: on spermatozoa
part 2: on TM3-Leydig and TM4-Sertoli cells). Part 1: Semen samples of 27 patients and 13 fertile donors were divided into two groups,
washed and swim-up prepared spermatozoa, and incubated with different concentrations of TA (1, 10, 20, 100, 2000 &mu
g/ml) for 1 hour at 37°
C. A sample without addition of TA served as control. After incubation with TA,
the following parameters were evaluated: viability (Eosin-Nigrosin test), total and progressive motility (CASA), acrosome reaction (triple stain technique), sperm production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS
dihydroethidium test
DHE), sperm DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay) and mitochondrial membrane potential (&Delta
&psi
m) (Depsipher kit). Part 2: TM3-Leydig and TM4-Sertoli cells
incubated with different concentrations of TA (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 &mu
g/ml) and control (without extract) for 48 and 96 hours. After incubation with TA, the following parameters were
evaluated: viability (XTT), cell proliferation (protein assay), testosterone (testosterone ELISA test) and pyruvate (pyruvate assay). Results Part 1: For washed spermatozoa, significant
dose-dependent trends were found
for viability, total motility, acrosome reaction and sperm ROS production. However, these trends were only significant if the highest concentrations were included in the calculation. In the swim-up spermatozoa, ROS production of spermatozoa showed a biphasic relationship with its lowest percentage at 10 &mu
g/ml, yet, no significance could be
observed (P=0.9505). No influence of TA could be observed for sperm DNA fragmentation nor &Delta
&psi
m.
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Been, Laura E. "Dissociated Functional Pathways for Appetitive and Consummatory Reproductive Behaviors in Male Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/4.
Full textAbstract:
In many species, including Syrian hamsters, male reproductive behavior depends on the perception of odor cues from conspecifics in the environment. Volatile odor cues are processed primarily by the main olfactory system, whereas non-volatile cues are processed primarily by the accessory olfactory system. Together, these two chemosensory systems mediate appetitive reproductive behaviors, such as attraction to female odors, and consummatory reproductive behaviors, such as copulation, in male Syrian hamsters. Main and accessory olfactory information are first integrated in the medial amygdala (MA), a limbic nucleus that is critical for the expression of reproductive behaviors. MA is densely interconnected with other ventral forebrain nuclei that receive chemosensory information and are sensitive to steroid hormones. Specifically, several lines of evidence suggest that MA may generate behavioral responses to socio-sexual odors via functional connections with the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and medial preoptic area (MPOA). It is unknown, however, how these three nuclei act as functional circuit to adaptively regulate appetitive and consummatory reproductive behaviors. Therefore, the overarching goal of this dissertation was to determine how BNST and MPOA function, both uniquely and as a circuit with MA, to generate attraction to female odors and copulatory behaviors in male Syrian hamsters. We found that BNST is required for attraction to female odors, but not for copulation, in sexually-naïve males. In contrast, MPOA is required for both attraction to female odors and for copulation in sexually-naïve males. Surprisingly, prior sexual experience mitigated the requirement of BNST and MPOA for these behaviors. Next, we found that MA preferentially transmits female odor information to BNST and to MPOA, whereas BNST relays female and male odor information equivalently to MPOA. Finally, we found that the functional connections between MA and BNST are required for attraction to female odors but not for copulation, whereas the functional connections between MA and MPOA are required for copulation but not for attraction to female odors. Ultimately, these data may uncover a fundamental mechanism by which this ventral forebrain circuit regulates appetitive and consummatory reproductive behaviors across many species and modalities.
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Lin, Ying Chen, and 林映辰. "Functional analysis of anther-specific genes essential for pollen exine development and male fertility in tobacco." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534178.
Full textAbstract:
In flowering plants, pollen grains are surrounded by extremely strong outer walls providing solid and firm structure for protecting pollen and species-specific interactions with female stigma. The outer wall of pollen, referred to as exine, is composed of sporopollenin polymer, but the composition and synthesis of sporopollenin remains poorly understood. Previous studies have indicated that several genes such as Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase (ACOS5), Polyketide Synthases (PKSA and PKSB), and Tetraketide α-Pyrone Reductase (TKPR1) take part in the biosynthesis of sporopollenin in Arabidopsis thaliana. The existence of ancient biochemical pathways for sporopollenin biosynthesis has been widely proposed but experimental evidence from plant species other than Arabidopsis is not extensively available. In this study, two homologous PKS genes, NtPKS1 and NtPKS2, were found in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Results of RT-PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that NtPKS1 and NtPKS2 are specifically and transiently expressed in tapetal cells during microspore development in tobacco anthers. RNAi plants of NtACOS1 and NtPKS1 were investigated. Comparing with wild-type tobacco (SR1), abnormal pollens, defect exine structure, and male sterility were found in the RNAi lines. Enzymatic assays show that NtPKS1 and NtPKS2 encode anther-specific enzymes using fatty acyl-coenzyme A and p-coumaroyl coenzyme A as substrates to yield tri- and tetra- ketide α-pyrone and bisnoryangonin respectively. In this study, the metabolic steps catalyzed by the anther-specific acyl- CoA synthetase (ACOS), polyketide synthase (PKS), and tetraketide α-pyrone reductase (TKPR) were investigated. Using fatty acids as starting substrates, sequential activities of heterologously-expressed tobacco enzymes NtACOS1, NtPKS1, and NtTKPR1 resulted in the production of reduced tetraketide α- pyrones which propose to contribute to the biosynthesis of sporopollenin precursors in tobacco.published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Maras, Pamela Mary. "Functional Substrates of Social Odor Processing within the Corticomedial Amygdala: Implications for Reproductive Behavior in Male Syrian Hamsters." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/1.
Full textAbstract:
Adaptive reproductive behavior requires the ability to recognize and approach possible mating partners in the environment. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) provide a useful animal model by which to study the neural processing of sexual signals, as mate recognition in this species relies almost exclusively on the perception of social odors. In the laboratory, male hamsters prefer to investigate female odors compared to male odors, and this opposite-sex odor preference provides a sensitive measure of the underlying neural processing of sexual stimuli. In addition to chemosensory cues, reproductive behavior in hamsters also requires sufficient levels of circulating gonadal steroid hormones, which reflect the reproductive state of the animal. These chemosensory and hormone signals are processed within an interconnected network of ventral forebrain nuclei, and within this network, the posteromedial cortical amygdala (PMCo) and medial amygdala (MA) are the only nuclei that both receive substantial chemosensory input and are also highly sensitive to steroid hormones. Although a large body of evidence suggests that the MA is critical for generating attraction to sexual odors, the specific role of the PMCo in regulating odor-guided aspects of male reproductive behavior has never been directly tested. Furthermore, detailed analyses of the MA suggest that separate, but interconnected sub-regions within this nucleus process odors differently. Specifically, the anterior MA (MeA) receives the majority of chemosensory input and responds to a variety of social odors, whereas the posterodorsal MA (MePD) receives less chemosensory input but contains the vast majority of steroid receptors. In order to further elucidate how the PMCo and/or MA process sexual odors, this dissertation addressed the following research questions: (1) Is the PMCo required for the expression of either opposite-sex odor preferences or male copulatory behavior? (2) Are functional interactions between MeA and MePD required for the expression of opposite-sex odor preferences? (3) How do MeA and MePD regulate odor responses within the MePD and MeA, respectively? (4) Are odor and/or hormone cues conveyed directly between MeA and MePD? Together, these experiments provide a comprehensive analysis of the functional and neuroanatomical substrates by which the brain processes sexual odors and generates appropriate behavioral responses to these stimuli.
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Galvão, António Miguel Gonçalves Travassos. "New insights in the immuno-endocrine regulation of equine reproduction : in vitro studies on luteal and endometrial function." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3738.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias. Especialidade de Ciências Biológicas e BiomédicasCoordination of reproductive events in the ovary and uterus demands the action of diverse factors as steroid hormones, eicosanoids, growth factors or cytokines on the regulating of processes such as angiogenesis, cell growth and differentiation, and apoptosis. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), interferon gamma (IFNG) and Fas Ligand (FASL) on the regulation of secretory function, angiogenesis, cell viability and apoptosis in the equine: (i) corpus luteum (CL) during luteal establishment and functional and structural regression; and (ii) endometrium during follicular phase (FP) and mid luteal phase (MLP), at cell, gene and molecular levels. All studied cytokine ligands and receptors were expressed in the equine CL, throughout the luteal phase, and in the endometrium, throughout the estrous cycle. During CL growth, TNF was shown to stimulate in vitro P4 and PGE2, to inhibit PGF2α secretion and to increase VEGF expression and angiogenic factors production. Thus, among all cytokines studied, TNF might give a luteotrophic contribution for CL establishment. Conversely, during CL regression, all cytokines alone reduced P4 and PGE2 secretion, while both FASL and TNF stimulated PGF2α secretion. TNF and IFNG reduced angiogenic factors secretion and FASL decreased VEGF expression. Cytokine association (TNF+IFNG+FASL) effectively promoted apoptosis and reduced luteal cell viability. Besides, they stimulated PGF2α and inhibited P4, PGE2 secretion and angiogenesis. In conclusion, cytokines interaction appears to coordinate functional and structural luteolysis in the mare. Concerning TNF role on endometrial cells, it can be concluded that during MLP, this cytokine stimulated PGE2 secretion, promoted angiogenic activity and NO secretion and increased endometrial cells viability. The interaction between TNF, oxytocin and steroid hormones was shown to be determinant for physiologic regulation of equine endometrium.
RESUMO - Novas perspectivas na regulação imuno-endócrina da reprodução equina: estudos in vitro da função lútea e endometrial. - A coordenação da função reprodutora no ovário e no útero requer a participação de diversos factores como hormonas esteróides, eicosanóides, factores de crescimento ou citocinas, responsáveis por regular processos biológicos como a angiogénese, o crescimento e diferenciação celular e a apoptose. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objectivo avaliar a influência das citocinas factor de necrose tumoral α (FNT), interferão gama (IFNG) e Fas Ligando (FASL) na regulação da função secretora, angiogénese, viabilidade celular e apoptose: (i) no corpo lúteo (CL) durante o seu estabelecimento e regressão funcional e estrutural; e (ii) no endométrio durante as fases folicular (FF) e lútea média (FLM), a nível celular, molecular e genético na égua. A expressão de todos os ligandos e receptores das citocinas estudadas foi confirmada no CL, ao longo da fase lútea, e no endométrio, ao longo do ciclo éstrico. Durante o crescimento do CL, FNT estimulou a produção in vitro de P4 e PGE2, inibiu a secreção de PGF2α e aumentou a expressão de VEGF e a produção de factores angiogénicos. Desta forma, de todas as citocinas estudadas, FNT poderá contribuir como factor luteotrófico para o estabelecimento do CL. Contrariamente, aquando da regressão lútea, todas as citocinas individualmente reduziram a secreção de P4 e PGE2, enquanto FASL e FNT estimularam a secreção de PGF2α. FNT e IFNG inibiram a secreção de factores angiogénicos e FASL diminuiu a expressão de VEGF. A associação de citocinas FNT+IFNG+FASL promoveu de forma efectiva a apoptose e a redução da viabilidade das células lúteas. Além disso, estimulou a secreção de PGF2α e diminuiu as de P4 e PGE2, bem como inibiu a angiogénese. Concluindo, a interacção entre as várias citocinas parece coordenar a regressão funcional e estrutural do CL na égua. Considerando o papel do TNF nas células endometriais, conclui-se que, durante a FLM, este factor estimulou a secreção de PGE2, promoveu a produção de factores angiogénicos e de NO e aumentou a viabilidade das células endometriais. A interacção entre o FNT, a ocitocina e as hormonas esteróides provou ser determinante para a regulação fisiológica do endométrio equino.
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Marie, Michel. "Bases endocriniennes de la fonction sexuelle chez le dromadaire (camelus dromedarius)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376077000.
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Amaral, Sandra Catarina Gomes. "Diabetes, Age and Male Reproductive Function." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/10226.
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McGrath, Leanne Jane. "The impact of exogenous TGFβ1 on male reproductive function." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/50730.
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The TGFβ family of cytokines are potent signalling molecules that regulate tissue development, inflammation and immunity. Previous studies in mice with a null mutation in the Tgfb1 gene (TGFβ1-/- mice) implicate a key role for TGFβ1 in male reproductive function. These mice show profound infertility due to an inability to copulate successfully, associated with reduced testosterone and sperm production. The focus of this project was to 1) further characterize mechanisms underpinning reproductive deficiency in male TGFβ1-/- mice, 2) identify a reliable physiological marker of TGFβ1 availability in vivo, and 3) to determine whether exogenous TGFβ1 administration influences TGFβ1 availability and restores fertility. To investigate the causes of unsuccessful copulation by TGFβ1-/- mice, penis morphometry was examined. Penile organ structure, as assessed by scanning electron microscopy, was comparable between genotypes however a superfluous epidermal covering that impeded penile spine protrusion was evident in TGFβ1-/- mice. The epidermal covering was not due to increased epithelial cell proliferation, as measured by Brdu labelling and immunohistology. Behavioural observations of erectile activity showed that TGFβ1-/- mice achieved spontaneous erections albeit at reduced frequency compared to TGFβ1+/+ mice. The efficacy of exogenous TGFβ1 replacement was evaluated by first identifying measures of in vivo TGFβ1 availability and/or function and selecting an effective route of administration. Serum TGFβ1 and testosterone levels were reliable discriminators of TGFβ1 genotype. Gene expression and phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages revealed no differences between genotypes. Exogenous sources of TGFβ1 for replacement studies included colostrum, naturally occurring in breast milk and recombinant human latent TGFβ1 (rhLTGFβ1). Colostrum did not increase circulating levels and rhTGFβ1 injection caused only transient elevation of serum levels. Thus mini-osmotic pumps were used to deliver a constant supply of cytokine to TGFβ1-/- mice. The fertility status of TGFβ1-/- mice receiving exogenous TGFβ1 was investigated. Reproductive behaviour in response to normal receptive female mice was assessed twice during treatment, on day 7 and day 14. Blood, liver and reproductive tissues were collected at sacrifice. Circulating TGFβ1 was increased in TGFβ1 treated TGFβ1-/- mice above TGFβ1-/- control levels, although this did not affect circulating testosterone. Erectile activity and sperm production were unchanged. Videotaping behaviour with estrous females revealed that the TGFβ1+/+ mice successfully mounted and intromitted, unlike the TGFβ1-/- controls. The TGFβ1-/- mice receiving exogenous TGFβ1 displayed moderately enhanced mounting and intromission behaviour although this remained less frequent than in the TGFβ1+/+ controls. Ejaculation behaviour was not observed in any TGFβ1-/- mice regardless of TGFβ1 replacement, compared to TGFβ1+/+ controls where >90% mice displayed ejaculated. Modest improvement in the copulation activity of the TGFβ1-/- mice receiving exogenous TGFβ1 suggests that systemic TGFβ1 availability can influence reproductive performance in male TGFβ1-/- mice. However since fertility was not restored, locally produced TGFβ1 in the reproductive tract and/or hypothalamic pituitary axis are also implicated in regulating fertility. These findings advance our knowledge of the role of the TGFβ1 cytokine in male reproductive physiology and may have relevance for devising new treatments for infertility and erectile dysfunction in men.Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, 2008
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Silva, Ana Manuela dos Santos. "Regucalcin as one of the guardians of the male reproductive function." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/11134.
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Male reproductive function is highly sensitive to extrinsic testicular damage or intrinsic modifications, which consequently affects spermatogenesis leading to declined sperm quality and compromised fertility. These reproductive modifications can represent a collateral effect, for example from an oncological therapy, or a natural consequence of living, such as ageing. Currently, due to early diagnostic and high survival rate, young cancer patients are living longer. Nevertheless, approaches to successfully restrain the undesirable secondary effects of oncological therapies are still missing. Furthermore, until recently, the decline in male reproductive function with the advance of age was frequently neglected. Lately, given the trend of modern society to delay the conception of a biological child, the decrease in sperm quality in older subjects has been drawing attention from the scientific community. Indeed, these problems are emerging topics on male fertility. Oxidative stress (OS) is known to be for itself associated with male infertility cases. Also, OS is implicated in radiotherapy and ageing. In this doctoral thesis, we aimed to disclose the potential of regucalcin (RGN) protein to counteract the damaging effects of testicular radiotherapy as well as to attenuate the ageing-associated changes in male reproductive tract. In recent years, RGN protein has been showing to be an important player in spermatogenesis and male fertility, managing the suppression of pro-oxidant and chemical apoptotic stimulus in seminiferous tubules. RGN is a protein widely expressed in testicular cells, and its biological function seems to be vast. Moreover, RGN is also known as Senescence Marker Protein-30 (SMP-30) as a result of its decreased expression with ageing. Recently, high levels of RGN prevented ageing-associated changes in the prostate. Using an in vivo approach, we studied the role of RGN by comparing transgenic rats overexpressing RGN (Tg-RGN) with their wild-type (Wt) counterparts. Ten weeks after rats were subjected to radiotherapy, we verified that RGN was able to mitigate radiation-induced testicular damage because Tg-RGN animals presented less affected sperm parameters as well as lower rate of testicular apoptosis in comparison with Wt rats. Moreover, Tg-RGN animals also presented unaffected sperm parameters in spite of the ageing concomitantly with lower OS levels. Interestingly, we detected an enhanced expression of RGN in irradiated testis as well as in senescent sperm both in Wt and Tg-RGN rats, reinforcing the involvement of RGN in response to stimuli or modifications that can negatively impact male reproduction. Overall, our results are strong evidence about the beneficial role of RGN as a guardian of male reproductive function, suggesting that RGN protein has great potential to be included in strategies to improve, protect, and/or recover male fertility in men undergoing oncological treatment or with advanced age who still intend to have biological descent.A função reprodutora masculina é altamente sensível quer a danos externos quer a modificações internas que, consequentemente, afetam a espermatogénese levando ao declínio da qualidade espermática e ao comprometimento da fertilidade. Estas alterações a nível reprodutor podem ser devidas a um efeito colateral resultante, por exemplo, de um tratamento oncológico, ou ser uma consequência natural da vida, como o envelhecimento. Devido ao atual diagnóstico precoce e à alta taxa de sobrevivência, os doentes oncológicos jovens têm vidas mais longas. No entanto, é necessária a identificação de estratégias que diminuam com sucesso os efeitos secundários indesejáveis provocados pelos tratamentos oncológicos. Além disso, até há pouco tempo, o declínio da função reprodutora masculina com o avançar da idade era frequentemente negligenciado. Ultimamente, dada a tendência da sociedade moderna para adiar a conceção de um filho biológico, a diminuição da qualidade espermática em indivíduos mais velhos tem vindo a atrair a atenção da comunidade científica. Portanto, estes são assuntos emergentes na área da fertilidade masculina. Sabe-se que o stresse oxidativo (OS) está, por si só, associado a casos de infertilidade masculina. Além disso, sabe-se ainda que o OS está também implicado na radioterapia e no envelhecimento. Nesta tese de doutoramento, pretendeu-se desvendar o potencial da proteína regucalcina (RGN) para contrariar os efeitos nefastos da radioterapia testicular, bem como para atenuar as alterações relacionadas com a idade que ocorrem no tracto reprodutor masculino. Nos últimos anos, a proteína RGN tem vindo a mostrar ser importante na espermatogénese e na fertilidade masculina, estando envolvida na supressão quer de estímulos pró-oxidantes quer da apoptose induzida quimicamente nos túbulos seminíferos. A RGN está amplamente presente nas células testiculares, e diversos estudos apontam-lhe inúmeras funções biológicas. Para além disso, a RGN é também conhecida como Proteína Marcadora da Senescência-30 (SMP-30), resultado da diminuição da sua expressão com o envelhecimento. Recentemente, elevados níveis de RGN amenizaram alterações associadas ao envelhecimento na próstata. Recorrendo a uma abordagem in vivo, na presente tese estudou-se o papel da RGN comparando ratos transgénicos que sobre-expressam a RGN (Tg-RGN) com os seus homólogos selvagens (Wt). Dez semanas após os ratos terem sido sujeitos a radioterapia testicular, verificou-se que a RGN foi capaz de mitigar o dano testicular induzido pela radiação, visto que os animais Tg-RGN apresentaram parâmetros espermáticos menos afetados, bem como uma menor taxa de apoptose testicular comparando com os ratos Wt. Além disso, os animais Tg-RGN apresentaram também parâmetros espermáticos não afetados e níveis mais baixos de OS apesar do envelhecimento. Curiosamente, detetou-se uma expressão aumentada da RGN no testículo irradiado e no espermatozoide senescente quer nos ratos Wt quer nos Tg-RGN, o que reforça o envolvimento da RGN na resposta a estímulos ou modificações que possam afetar negativamente a reprodução masculina. De forma geral, estes resultados representam uma forte evidência relativamente ao papel benéfico da RGN como uma guardiã da função reprodutora masculina, sugerindo que esta proteína tem elevado potencial para ser incluída em estratégias para melhorar, proteger e/ou recuperar a fertilidade masculina em homens submetidos a tratamento oncológico ou com idade avançada que pretendam ainda ter descendência biológica.
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"The effect of nigella sativa oil on male reproductive function in male Wistar rats exposed to an obesogenic diet." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7850.
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Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS)Obesity is a growing public health concern globally, particularly in developed countries such as the United States (US). More than 30% of Americans are considered obese. In the past 20 years in America, incidence of obesity has increased significantly (Mokdad et al., 2003). As a consequence, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) anticipates that 1 in 3 American adults will be diabetic by 2050 (Boyle et al., 2001; Hedley et al., 2004). The most important cause of obesity is poor nutrition, absence of physical exercise and unfavourable lifestyle changes (James et al., 2001).
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Hsu, Yu-Chun, and 許育珺. "Effects of Fucoxanthin on Male Reproductive Function of Rats with Streptozotocin-Nicotiamide Induced Diabetes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66049905380244636094.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
100
Hypogonadism and oxidative stress occurs commonly in men with type 2 diabetes associated male infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative on fucoxanthin, and to evaluate the protective effects on male reproduction of fucoxanthin against diabetic rats. In vitro, concentration 6.25 g/mL of 97% fucoxanthin significantly inhibited NO production, ,reactive oxidative spices production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In animal experiment, the model diabetic rat was induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). 40% fucoxanthin was tested in three doses (13, 26 and 65 mg/kg, p.o daily) for 2 and 4 week. Besides, rosiglitazone (RSG) administration (0.571 mg/kg) as positive control. The results indicate that any dose of fucoxanthin administration for 2 weeks improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, sperm numbers, motivity and lipid peroxidation. But only 26 and 65 mg/kg of fucoxanthin could significantly restore KiSS1, GPR54 mRNA expression, activity of anti-oxidative enzyme, scavenging free radical. Any dose of fucoxanthin administration for 4 weeks improve insulin resistance and leptin resistance, and restored sperm motivity, decreased abnormal sperm number, inhibit lipid peroxidative. Besides,it has restored GPR54 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, and recover LH and testosterone level. In conclusion, not only the antioxidant and antiinflammatory property but also steroidogenesis effect of fucoxanthin might have contributed for its ability to decrease the type-2 diabetes mediated insulin and leptin resistance, and protect male reproduction.
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Ko, Fan-Chi, and 柯汎其. "Effects of Cistanche tubulosa Extract on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Male Rats." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55864267329531854899.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
101
Hypogonadism and oxidative stress occurs commonly in men with diabetes associated male infertility. KiSS1, GPR54, SIRT1 and SOCS-3 gene are related to metabolism of diabetes, that can regulate the reproductive axis by stimulation on GnRH neurons. Additionally, Cistanche tubulosa is the Chinese herbal medicine have traditionally been used for treatment of impotence, female sterility, and cold sensation in the loins and knees. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and protective effects on male reproduction of Cistanche tubulosa extract against diabetic rats. In vitro, 10 µM echinacoside (major active material of Cistanche tubulosa extract) significantly inhibited reactive oxidative spices production in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) concentration (50 µg/ml) induced LC-540 cell and TM3 cell. The LC-540 cell has receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and 10 µM echinacoside could not only improve NF-κB activity, that is induced by the interaction of AGE and RAGE, but also significantly increase StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and HSD17β3 protein experission. In vivo, the model diabetic rat was induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg), streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and 45% hight fat diet.Cistanche tubulosa extract was tested in three doses (80, 160 and 320 mg/kg, p.o daily) for 6 weeks. Besides, rosiglitazone (RSG) administration (0.571 mg/kg) as positive control. The results indicate that Cistanche tubulosa extract administration for 6 weeks improve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Besides, it has restored KiSS1, GPR54, SOCS-3, and SIRT1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, and recover sex hormone level. In conclusion, not only the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities but also steroidogenesis effect of Cistanche tubulosa extract might have contributed for its ability to decrease insulin resistance, leptin resistance and protect male reproduction.
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Lee, Cheng-Yi, and 李政億. "Effects of Noni Juice on Male Reproductive Function of Rats of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetes." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50232360298481069552.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
101
Hypogonadism and oxidative stress occurs commonly in men with diabetes associated male infertility. This study aims to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of Noni juice dietary supplement on streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA) induced male reproductive alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro, 20 g/ml of asperulosidic acid (AA) and deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) significantly inhibited superoxide production in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced TM3, TM4 and LC-540 cell models. In animal experiment, the model diabetic rat was induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Noni juice was tested in three doses (1.24, 2.48 and 66.2 mg/kg, p.o daily) for 4 week. The results indicate that any dose of Noni juice administration for 4 weeks can not improve the hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, but LH and testosterone level were be recovered. The supplementation of Noni juice could significantly restore sperm numbers, motivity, increase activity of anti-oxidative enzyme, decrease lipid peroxidation. The receptor for AGEs expression also deacreased by the Noni jioce administrate on diabetes rats. In conclusion, noni juice might not have the capability to improve the STZ-NA induced hyperglycemia, insulin and leptin resistance. But, not only the antioxidant and antiinflammatory property but also steroidogenesis effect of Noni juice might have contributed for its ability to protect male reproduction.
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Chang, Jung-Tzu, and 張容慈. "Effect of Black Garlic Extracts on Male Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetes Rats." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9m5zg6.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
103
Overweight and obesity has reached 39% of population in Taiwan. Long-term obesity will cause diabetes. Hypogonadism and oxidative stress commonly occurs in men with diabetes associating with male infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of anti-oxidants for water extract of Black Garlic (BGE) and whole Black Garlic (BG), and the ameliorating effect on male reproduction of BG and BGE against streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats was also evaluated. In animal experiment, male diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were elicited via NA (230 mg/kg) and STZ (65 mg/kg). BG was tested in two doses (200、400 mg/kg per day, p.o. daily), and BGE was also tested in two dose (100、200 mg/kg per day, p.o. daily) for 35 days. At the end of the experiment, testis, liver and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. In vivo study indicated that BG and BGE improved the STZ-NA induced hyperglycemia, and results showed significant increment of sperm motility, viability, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), LH and testosterone level, in addition reduction in the number of abnormal sperm, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA). In liver and testis, the enzymatic antioxidant such as SOD, CAT and GSH were increased. BG and BGE acted beneficially against diabetes-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and improved blood glucose in diabetic rats. Also enhance LH and Testosterone level as well as sperm quality. Our study indicated that water extract of Black Garlic and whole Black Garlic had anti-hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant properties to prevent diabetes-induced male reproductive damage.
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"Effects of acute and chronic administration of cobaltous chloride on male reproductive function in mice." Tulane University, 1986.
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The effects of cobalt on male reproduction were evaluated in mice after acute and chronic cobalt treatment. The impact of acutely administered cobaltous chloride (200 $\mu$moles/kg, i.p., for 3 days) was assessed using the dominant lethal assay over seven weeks. There were significant increases in early embryonic losses at each week after cobalt treatment. There were no significant changes in late embryonic losses at any time measured. Evaluation of testicular weight and sperm parameters, including concentration, motility and head morphology, were unchanged except for a decrease in motility at week 1. Fertility was significantly decreased during weeks 2 and 3 only The time course of the reproductive effects of chronic, oral administration of 400 ppm of cobalt was evaluated from 7 to 13 weeks of treatment. Sperm concentration significantly decreased between weeks 9 and 11 (from 87% to 26% of control), and remained depressed at week 13. Fertility sharply decreased between weeks 11 and 13 of treatment. After 13 weeks of cobalt treatment, a group was placed on distilled water for 20 weeks and evaluated for recovery of fertility. No significant functional recovery was observed at the end of 33 weeks Histological studies demonstrated a progressive degeneration of the germinal epithelium, beginning with vacuole formation at 9 weeks, continuing with degeneration at 11 weeks, and almost complete destruction by 13 weeks The dose response effects of chronically administered cobalt on male reproduction were studied at 0, 100, 200 and 400 ppm of cobalt in drinking water at 10 and 12 weeks of treatment. Testicular weight was decreased significantly in all of the cobalt-treated groups. Sperm motility declined only after 12 weeks of treatment. A dose-related decline in sperm concentration after 12 weeks of cobalt treatment was observed. Fertility was significantly decreased only in the group given 400 ppm of cobalt for 12 weeks. Serum testosterone levels significantly increased in the groups treated with 200 ppm of cobalt for 10 weeks and in all groups at 12 weeks. The evidence suggests that cobalt represents a reproductive hazard to males who are chronically exposed. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)acase@tulane.edu
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Yao, Shu-Wei, and 姚舒媁. "Effects of Verbena officinalis L. Extracts on Male Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide Induced Diabetes Rats." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kd6m82.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
103
Diabetes is associated with male infertility. This study aims to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of Verbena officinalis L. (VO) extract. VO extract including water as VOW and n-butanol as VOB. In cell experiment, LC-540 was treated with VOW (50, 100, 200 ng/ml) and VOB (2.5, 5, 10 ng/ml) for 18 and 24 hours in H2O2 cell models. Then LC-540 was treated with VOB for 24 hours in AGEs cell models. VOB is effective for cell experiment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced into diabetes by NA (230 mg/kg) and STZ (65 mg/kg). VOB was tested in three doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg per day, p.o. daily) for 28 days. Besides, Metformin (Met) was administrated (100 mg/kg) as the positive control. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed. Testis, liver and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. In vitro, VOB significantly inhibited superoxide production for 24 hours in H2O2 or AGEs induced LC-540 cell models, but VOW is inconspicuous. In vivo, indicate that VOB or Met can improve the STZ-NA induced hyperglycemia, but only 15 mg/kg VOB and Met significant increase GLP-1, sperm count, motility, viability, MMP, LH and testosterone level and reduction in the number of abnormal sperm, DNA damage, ROS and MDA. In antioxidative enzyme assays, 30 mg/kg VOB is good for liver. In western blot, StAR can enhance and synthetic testosterone in testis, but not GPR54 in hypothalamus. VOB also can reduce mitochondrial apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress includes CHOP and GRP78 produced. VOB improved blood glucose as well as sperm quality in diabetic rats while high dosage of VOB could cause harm. Our study indicated that appropriate VOB had anti-hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant properties to prevent diabetes-induced male reproductive damage.
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Lee, Chi-Chih, and 李奇芝. "Effects of Echinacea Purpurea Ethanol Extract on Male Reproductive Function with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zu58k9.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
103
As lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes increases every year. Diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunction is predominantly due to increased oxidative stress, and then result in sperm damage and infertility. Echinacea purpurea, the North America herbal medicine, have traditionally been used for immune-modulatory, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral function and prevention from common cold. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in innate immune responses leading to NF-κB phosphorylation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). However, relation between Echinacea purpurea and TLR4 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects on male reproduction of Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EPE) against diabetic rats, and whether the anti-inflammatory effects were through TLR4 pathway. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). EPE was tested in three doses (93, 279 and 465 mg/kg p.o. daily) for 4 weeks. Besides, metformin administration (100 mg/kg/day) was treated as the positive control. Results indicated that EPE administration about 4 weeks improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In addition, EPE ameliorated sperm motility, morphology, DNA integrity and keeping mitochondrial membrane potential as well as plasma testosterone level and protein for testosterone synthesis enzyme. In plasma or testis anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were increased whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased. Beside, testis protein content of TLR4 and downstream phospho-NF-κB p65 were reduced. The EPE might reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokine via TLR4 pathways and improve diabetes-induced male infertility.
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Chang, Yu-Hsuan, and 張祐瑄. "Ameliorative Effect of Fucoidan on Reproductive Function of High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Male Rats." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96732e.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
105
Male infertility is highly associated with metabolic disorders, like diabetes. The reproductive functions were suppressed by high oxidative stress which cause by the increased of AGEs (Advanced Glycosylation End Product). Fucoidan has been proven to have anti-tumor, improve immunity, enhance liver function, antioxidant and other effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of fucoidan on ameliorate male infertility by its antioxidative property. Male Sprague Dawley rats were induced into diabetes by high-fat diet (40%) and Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Fucoidan was given through oral administration in three dose (32, 128, 320 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. All rats were sacrificed in age of 14 weeks, Testis, liver, kidney and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results indicate that fucoidan can improve hyperglycemia and oxidative stress by lower fructosamine and IL-6. In tissue and sperm antioxidative assay, fucoidan shows great effects in oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activity tests which also led fucoidan ameliorates sperm form and motility. In testis H&E stain, the reproductive parameter have significant improve on seminiferous tubules. More recently, KISS1 have been found in peripheral tissue and testis. Leydig cell KISS1 may play a pivotal role in peripheral and neuroendocrine modulation of male reproduction. More importantly, an alter ego for KISS1 has emerged, with a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, as well as food intake and body composition, and deficient KISS1 signaling results in reduced loco-motor activity and increased adiposity. Interestingly, hypothalamus KISS1, LH and testosterone might not been improve or even worse. These study indicated that appropriate fucoidan can ameliorate oxidative stress properties to prevent diabetes-induced male reproductive damages but not in central neuron system, like HPG-axis.
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Zhang, Xiu-Ru, and 張修如. "Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Male Rat Reproductive function with Micro-Nanoencapsulated Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/762e4w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
106
Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that affects patient’s life quality throughout the world due to its many complications. It is recognized that chronic hyperglycemia with oxidative stress causes male infertility. Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EE), which contain phenolic acid and isobutylamides, had been proven to ameliorate diabetic complications. Chitosan/silica nanoparticles (Nano) has drug delivery and control release properties. This study aims to investigate whether chitosan/silica encapsulated EE (Nano-EE) enhance amelioration of male infertility. Our results indicated that the average nanoparticle size of Nano-EE were 218 ± 42 nm with encapsulation ratio of 66.9%. The antioxidant activity of Nano-EE was also confirmed. Nano-EE reduced the oxidative stress in LC-540 cell. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to diabetes by STZ (33 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with Nano (465 mg/kg), Nano-EE (93, 279, 465 mg/kg) and metformin (Met) (200 mg/kg) as a positive control for 7 weeks.Nano-EE5 can improve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and plasma FGF 21 resistance. Nano-EE5 significantly improved the HPG axis, increasing sperm quality, plasma testosterone level and DNA integrity as well as reducing reactive oxygen species level. In addition of Nano-EE5 administration, plasma antioxidant enzymes GSH and SOD was increased, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased. In conclusion, nanoencapsulated technology improved male infertility with similar results to Lee (2015) under the dose of 465 mg/kg BW.
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Ting, Tzu-Ling, and 丁姿菱. "Effects of Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract on Male Reproductive Function in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fwypqg.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
103
Obesity’s risk appears to originate from disruption in adipose tissue function leading to a chronic inflammatory state. It comes up with various disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary diseases, and also infertility. Obesity is rapidly becoming a worldwide epidemic. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity and infertility. Echinacea purpurea has long been used as a traditional herb for immune-enhancing, and is also demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. But male obesity induced chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress on reproductive damage of this material has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study focuses on that if E. purpurea has potential to prevent high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and reproductive damage. In vivo, male sprague-dawley rats were fed high fat diet for 5 weeks to induce obesity. EPE was tested in three doses (93, 186, 465 mg/kg per day) during 5 weeks high fat diet to determine whether E. purpurea reduces high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and its reproductive dysfunction. The results showed that EPE decreased body weight, fat mass, TG, fasting blood glucose index and increase of HDL-C level in high dose EPE group. Next, this study found that the level of antioxidant enzymes were increased in high dose EPE group; lipid peroxidation and the level of inflammation cytokines including NO, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased. The sperm parameters such as counts, mobility, morphology, DNA damage and mitochondrial membrane potential were all ameliorated. Besides, the protein expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, AMPKα1/2 phosphorylation in liver tissue, as well as StAR and 17β-HSD3 in testis were raised, showing increase of lipid metabolism and testosterone synthesis under the effect of EPE, respectively. In conclusion five weeks administration of E. purpurea beneficially regulated hyperlipidemia, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammation and reproductive parameters in obesity rats.
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Cheng, Shu-Chun, and 鄭淑君. "Effects of Basswood Culture Antrodia cinnamomea Ethanol Extracts on Reproductive Function in STZ-induced Diabetic Male Rats." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51760592652480367737.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
102
Diabetes mellitus with the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species can affect spermatogenesis, which in turn cause male infertility. Reproductive dysfunction is a consequence of diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea) is an unique mushroom in Taiwan which is commonly used for treatment of several types of cancers and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study were to investigate the capability of anti-oxidative for A. cinnamomea ethanol extract (ACEE), and to evaluate the ameliorating effect on male reproduction in diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced into diabetes by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) A. cinnamomea ethanol extract was tested in three doses (385, 770, 1540 mg/kg per day, p.o. daily) for 5 weeks. The results indicated that ACEE can improve the STZ-NA induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. It also decreased oxidative level by improving the activity of anti-oxidative enzyme. In addition, ACEE could also reduce the percentage of abnormal structure of the seminiferous tubules and sperm parameters. After the dose of 770 mg/kg ACEE administration, sperm count and motility were increased, whereas epididymal sperm abnormalities were decreased. In addition, ACEE can decrease the level of ROS on sperm. Our study indicated that A. cinnamomea have antioxidation properties to prevent diabetes-induced male reproductive damage from oxidative stress. Keywords: diabetes, male fertility, spermatogenesis, oxidative stress, Antrodia cinnamomea
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Wen, Lee, and 李. 文. "The Effect of Burdock Extract and Fermented Liquid on Male Reproductive Function in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8z663n.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
104
Burdock (Arcticum lappa L.), has been shown to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarciogenic, and hepatoprotective effects and can induce substantial weight loss in rats; it has commonly been applied in deswelling, detoxification, and chronic dermatitis treatments. This paper discusses the effect of burdock dried extract (BDE) and fermented liquid (BFL) on obese rats. A high-fat diet (HFD) was employed to induce obesity in the rats, and the effect of BDE and BFL on their blood parameters (glucose and lipids) was examined. Continuous feeding of a low-fat BDE and BFL diet to the obese rats effectively controlled their weights and reduced their blood glucose and lipids. The experiment results confirmed that BDE and BFL improves the anabolic activities of human bodies, promotes the generation of testicular hormones, and facilitates sperm production. The sperm abnormality rate of rats in the HFD group was 12.23% ± 0.91%; however, the rate dropped to 4.24% ± 0.23% after they were fed BDE for 5 successive weeks. Regarding male reproductive functions, BFL and BDE recovered the morphology of seminiferous tubules and sperm and facilitated the synthesis of testosterone. Regarding sperm parameters, BFL and BDE substantially repaired obesity-induced damage on the total number and motility of sperm and the morphology of testicular tissues. BFL and BDE can reduce obesity-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, increase antioxidant enzyme activities, and effectively lower in-vivo oxidative stress. Additionally, BFL and BDE promote insulin activities, reduce in-vivo free fatty acid concentration, prevent inflammatory reactions, and increase the production of testosterone, thereby improving male reproductive functions. Keywords: Arcticum lappa L., Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Reproductive Function
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Hsu, Yuan-Hua, and 徐苑華. "The Ameliorative Effects of Nanoencapsulated Triterpenoids from Petri-dish Cultured Antrodia cinnamomea on Reproductive Function of Diabetic Male Rats." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ja6g65.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
106
A large number of men with diabetes mellitus have infertility problems. Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia induce inflammation and oxidative stress, and further results in male reproductive dysfunction. Many biological activities have been reported on Antrodia cinnamomea triterpenoids. But they are rare and expensive, so this study combined with nanotechnology provides an alternative approach to improve the bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether nanoencapsulated triterpenoids from petri-dish cultured Antrodia cinnamomea (PAC) nanoparticles could more effectively ameliorate the reproductive dysfunction of diabetic male rats. First, PAC encapsulated in chitosan-silica nanoparticles (Nano-PAC) were prepared by biosilicification. Results indicated that particle size was 18.83 ± 0.72 nm by scanning electron microscope, zetasizer nano range showed 38.55 ± 2.43 nm and 31.30 ± 3.21 mV, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 73.35 ± 0.09% and 50.66 ± 0.32% respectively, and also had good control release property. In vitro, in inflammation model, Nano-PAC could reduced superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) production in rat Leydig cell. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin. Nano-PAC was administered by oral gavage in three doses (4, 8 and 20 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Besides, metformin (300 mg/kg) and chitosan-silica mixture (20 mg/kg) were treated as the positive and negative control respectively. Results indicated that 4 mg/kg Nano-PAC administration improved polydipsia, polyphagia, liver and kidney damage, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, testicular damage, sperm quality and endocrine disorders. In addition, 8 mg/kg Nano-PAC reduced advanced glycation end products, malondialdehydes and superoxide to ameliorate oxidative stress. Further, it also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production. Most importantly, 8 mg/kg Nano-PAC increased antioxidant enzymes activity as well as down-regulated expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. Our study successfully nanoencapsulated PAC to form nanoparticles and had good property. In vitro, Nano-PAC could reduced degree of inflammation to protect Leydig cell. In vivo, 8 mg/kg Nano-PAC improved diabetes induced hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress to ameliorate the reproductive dysfunction of diabetic male rats. Compared to metformin and previous study, Nano-PAC has better effect of improvement on reproductive function of diabetic male rats.
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Chou, Meng-Hsien, and 周孟憲. "Effects of Formosan Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) Velvet Extracts on Gonadal Development and Reproductive Function in Male ICR Mice." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46524401274327353924.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
畜產系所
97
Deer velvet has been a kind of traditional medicine which can strengthening the body. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the effects of the Formosan Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) velvet extracts on gonadal development and the ability of testosterone secretion under the oxidative stress in vitro in the male ICR mice. The velvet were obtained from 4 3~5-year-old Formosan Sambar deer stags at 75 days after casting. One side of the velvet was divided into four sections (tip, upper, middle, and base) for phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and 20% ethanol extracts in fresh, the other side was preserved in -20℃ for 3 month in vacuum package for further extraction using the above-mentioned method. All the velvet extract samples were stored in -80℃ for the gonadal steroids (testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol) assay (Study 1), testing the effects on development of the reproductive organ and hormonal function (Study 2), and the semen quality (Study 3). It is showed that the PBS extracts contained estradiol higher than that in the 20% ethanol extracts, and the testosterone and progesterone contents in the 20% ethanol extracts, were higher significantly than that in the PBS extracts in the Formosan samber deer velvet, no matter what divided section or storage method (Study 1). Orally or injection administration of the Formosa sambar deer velvet PBS or 20% ethanol extracts to the male ICR mice in growth stage (weaned to puberty) benefited the reproductive organ development and serum testosterone concentration (Study 2), and the semen quality (Study 3).
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Kan, Choiu-Han, and 甘邱涵. "Oral Supplementation of Wood Cultivated Antrodia cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Improves Male Reproductive Function of Hamsters with High Fat Diet-induced Obesity." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21245138070193467384.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
100
Obesity has increased drastically in recent years and is currently considered to be a major risk factor for diabetes and dyslipidemia. The development of obesity and excessive fat accumulation leads to the macrophages infiltrate WAT, causing a chronic inflammation as well as oxidative stress. Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a medicinal mushroom used for the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-hyperlipidemic. But male obesity induced chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress on sperm and testis damage of this material has not yet been investigated. In this study, the mechanism of wood cultivation AC fruiting bodies extract by hot water (ACW) and ethanol (ACE) (25-125 g/ml) reduced on LPS-induced macrophage cell inflammatory and intracellular ROS content. The protective effects of AC (0.1-0.5 g/kg) against HFD-induced obesity in male Syrian hamsters also been conducted. AC inhibited HFD induced NO, TNF-, IL-6, and MDA production in obesity hamsters’ serum and testicular tissue. Treatment with AC reduced the control level of TG, TC, blood glucose and LDL in the HFD induced obesity group serum. The AC was reversed sperm quality to control levels with HFD groups. The HFD induced decline in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPX) and were significantly reversed to control group but HFD induced obesity group serum and testicular tissue were preceded by the administration of AC (0.5 g/kg) has higher levels compared to control. The protective effects of AC suggested to be mediated by their potent antioxidant activities, and provided significant amelioration of oxidative stress parameters.
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Nishino, Tsuyuki [Verfasser]. "Effects of bisphenol A, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, green tea, quercetin and rutin on the male reproductive tract function in rodents / Tsuyuki Nishino." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986380520/34.
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Moichela, Faith Tebatso. "In vitro effects of aqueous leaf extracts of moringa oleifera on human sperm." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3488.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc. (Medical Sciences)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Infertility affects nearly 186 million couples globally, with male factors contributing to half of the cases. Oxidative stress is an established cause of declining semen quality. Moringa oleifera has proven antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate in vitro effects of aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera on human sperm functions. Semen samples from donors (n = 40) and patients (n = 30) were washed with HTF-bovine serum albumin (BSA), and then incubated with various concentrations of M. oleifera (0, 0.625, 6.25, 62.5, and 625 μg/ml) at 37°C for 1 hour. Sperm motility, vitality, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction were assessed. Sperm motility, vitality, MMP, and capacitation were enhanced, while ROS production, and DNA fragmentation decreased after M. oleifera treatment. Uncapacitated spermatozoa increased significantly with a reduction in acrosome reaction in donors. M. oleifera antioxidant compounds suppressed excessive ROS, preserved mitochondrial membrane, DNA and acrosome integrity, while enhancing sperm motility and viability.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
46
Carola, Carolina Matos. "Heavy Metal Exposure And Its Effects In Male Reproductive Health: An In Vivo And In Vitro Study." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92106.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia Celular e Molecular apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaNowadays, as the industrialization continues to grow worldwide, so does the emission of heavy metals to the environment. These heavy metals can act as endocrine disruptors (EDs) and exert a panoply of effects. In fact, an increasing number of reproductive disorders and a reduction in sperm quality in humans has been reported in the last decades, which is disturbing. Therefore, it became imperative to assess the sperm quality and the overall reproductive health of men that are especially vulnerable by living in heavily industrialized areas, such as Estarreja. This Portuguese city has the second largest chemical complex of the country and contamination by heavy metals was already described in the local. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of heavy metals exposure on the reproductive health of men from Estarreja by comparing it with a control group corresponding to adult men from the Center region of Portugal. Furthermore, to achieve a more complete study, an in vitro approach was also performed to determine the effects of the two most prevalent heavy metals in Estarreja – arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) – and their mixtures on important sperm function parameters. The in vivo study showed that although no differences were observed in what concerns semen volume and pH, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), chromatin integrity and accessory glands function, the individuals from the exposed group presented a significant decrease in the percentage of capacitated cells and decreased acrosomal integrity. This is a notable finding and the first study designed in an industrialized scenario, in Portugal, that suggests that heavy metal exposure is negatively affecting male reproductive health. Additionally, the in vitro study revealed that although, individually, neither As nor Hg exerted deleterious effects on sperm viability, motility, MMP, chromatin integrity, capacitation and acrosome integrity at environmentally-relevant concentrations, when combined, differences on viability, motility and MMP were observed, indicating that As and Hg may act synergistically. In sum, this project demonstrates that exposure to heavy metals may jeopardize male fertility and reproductive health and advertises for the negative effects that a heavily industrialized world may potentially bring to our lives.
Atualmente, há medida que a industrialização continua a crescer mundialmente, cresce também a emissão de metais pesados para o meio ambiente. Esses metais pesados podem atuar como disruptores endócrinos (EDs) e exercer uma panóplia de efeitos. De facto, tem sido indicado nas últimas décadas um número crescente de patologias reprodutivas/anomalias urogenitais e uma redução na qualidade espermática em humanos, o que é perturbador. Deste modo, tornou-se imperativo avaliar a qualidade espermática e o estado geral de saúde reprodutiva de homens especialmente vulneráveis por viverem em áreas altamente industrializadas, como Estarreja. Esta cidade portuguesa possui o segundo maior complexo químico do país e já foi descrita no local contaminação por metais pesados. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da exposição a metais pesados na saúde reprodutiva de indivíduos de Estarreja, comparando-a com um grupo de controlo que corresponde a homens adultos da região centro de Portugal. Para além disso, de modo a obter um estudo mais completo, uma abordagem in vitro foi também realizada para determinar os efeitos dos dois metais mais prevalentes em Estarreja – arsénio (As) e mercúrio (Hg) – e misturas de ambos em parâmetros importantes de funcionalidade espermática. O estudo in vivo mostrou que apesar de não serem observadas diferenças no volume seminal e pH, concentração espermática, mobilidade, morfologia, potencial de membrana mitocondrial (MMP), integridade da cromatina e funcionalidade das glândulas acessórias, os indivíduos do grupo exposto apresentam uma redução significativa na percentagem de células capacitadas e diminuída integridade do acrossoma. Este é o primeiro estudo desenhado num cenário industrializado, em Portugal, que sugere que a exposição a metais pesados está a afetar negativamente a saúde reprodutiva masculina. Adicionalmente, o estudo in vitro revelou que apesar de nenhum dos compostos (As nem o Hg), individualmente, terem exercido efeitos deletérios na viabilidade e mobilidade espermática, MMP, integridade da cromatina, capacitação e integridade do acrossoma a concentrações ambientalmente revelantes, quando combinados, obtiveram-se diferenças na viabilidade, mobilidade e MMP, indicando eventual efeito sinergístico dos metais pesados em questão. Em suma, este projeto demonstra que a exposição a metais pesados pode prejudicar a fertilidade e a saúde reprodutiva masculina e adverte para os potenciais efeitos negativos que um mundo altamente industrializado traz para as nossas vidas.
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Cheng, Po-Jen, and 鄭博仁. "The Effects of Ethanol Extract from Velvet Antler of Formosan Sambar Deer to Male Reproductive Function on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rat." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41771421337056822660.
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Correia, Ana Catarina Silva. "Expression of obesity-related genes in testes and sperm of rats subjected to caloric restriction and to GLP-1 administration." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/32843.
Full textAbstract:
Caloric restriction (CR), due to its negative energy balance and GLP-1, for
being an incretin, constitute two weight loss protocols that remain poorly
investigated, particularly its impact on male reproductive function, whose
proper functioning depends on a balanced energy homeostasis. That energy
homeostasis has been related to genes linked to energy metabolism control,
namely the obesity-related genes (ORGs), such as fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), glucosamine-6-
phosphate deaminase 2 (GNPDA2) and transmembrane protein 18
(TMEM18). Thus, this project aimed to use an animal model to study the
potential of CR and GLP-1 administration in the regulation of those ORGs
expression in testes and sperm of Wistar rats and verify if there is an impact
on sperm quality. Firstly, we observed that CR promoted a lower weight gain
and a decrease in insulin resistance. On the other hand, GLP-1 administration,
beyond the expected increase in active GLP-1 levels, did not promote any
change in glucose metabolism, hormonal profile and consequently in body
weight. Furthermore, CR promoted an increase in sperm head defects, while
the GLP-1 administration improved sperm morphology. Regarding the ORGs
we observed the presence of FTO, MC4R and TMEM18 transcripts in rat
testes and identified those transcripts, for the first time, in rat sperm.
Additionally, we identified, for the first time, the presence of GNPDA2
transcripts in rat testes and sperm. The corresponding proteins were also
identified in rat testes, being that they all presented distinct cellular locations.
CR and GLP-1 administration promoted an increase in the expression of the
ORGs in testes, however in spermatozoa the expression was not altered. We
also identified the presence of NFE2L2 (encodes for an important antioxidant
transcription factor) transcripts in rat testes and sperm and verified that their
abundance is increased, in testes, by CR and GLP-1 administration. Then we
explored, individually, the role the ORGs at the testicular and sperm levels,
namely in the response to CR and GLP-1 administration and we obtained
some clues related to the potential involvement of each of the ORGs in the
male reproductive function. Overall, we were able to perceive that CR and
GLP-1 administration promoted a general association of all ORGs with an
improvement in oxidative status both in testes and sperm.A restrição calórica (CR), pelo seu balanço energético negativo e o GLP-1, por ser uma incretina, constituem dois protocolos de perda de peso, que permanecem pouco investigados, principalmente no que toca ao seu impacto na função reprodutiva masculina, cujo correto funcionamento depende de uma homeostase energética equilibrada. Essa homeostase energética tem sido relacionada a genes ligados ao controlo do metabolismo energético, nomeadamente os genes relacionados à obesidade (ORGs), como gene de obesidade e de massa de gordura associada (FTO), recetor de melanocortina-4 (MC4R), glucosamina-6-fosfato desaminase 2 (GNPDA2) e proteína transmembranar 18 (TMEM18). Assim, este projeto teve como objetivo utilizar um modelo animal para estudar o potencial da CR e da administração de GLP-1 na regulação da expressão desses ORGs nos testículos e esperma de ratos Wistar e verificar se há impacto na qualidade espermática. Primeiramente, observamos que a CR promoveu menor ganho de peso e diminuição da resistência à insulina. Por outro lado, a administração de GLP-1, além do esperado aumento nos níveis de GLP-1 ativo, não promoveu qualquer alteração no metabolismo da glucose, no perfil hormonal e consequentemente no peso corporal. Para além disso, a CR promoveu um aumento nos defeitos da cabeça dos espermatozoides, enquanto a administração de GLP-1 melhorou a morfologia espermática. Em relação aos ORGs, observamos a presença de transcritos de FTO, MC4R e TMEM18 em testículos de ratos e identificamos esses transcritos, pela primeira vez, em esperma de ratos. Além disso, identificamos, pela primeira vez, a presença de transcritos GNPDA2 em testículos e esperma de ratos. As proteínas correspondentes também foram identificadas em testículos de ratos, sendo que todas apresentavam localizações celulares distintas. A CR e a administração de GLP-1 promoveram um aumento na expressão dos ORGs nos testículos, porém no esperma a expressão não foi alterada. Também identificamos a presença de transcritos de NFE2L2 (codifica para um importante fator de transcrição antioxidante) em testículos e esperma de ratos e verificamos que sua abundância é aumentada nos testículos, pela CR e administração de GLP-1. Em seguida, exploramos, individualmente, o papel dos ORGs nos níveis testicular e espermático, nomeadamente na resposta à CR e à administração de GLP-1 e obtivemos algumas pistas relacionadas com o envolvimento potencial de cada um dos ORGs na função reprodutiva masculina. No geral, pudemos perceber que as duas intervenções promoveram uma associação geral de todos os ORGs com uma melhoria no estado oxidativo dos testículos e esperma.
Mestrado em Bioquímica
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Andrade, Anderson Joel Martino [Verfasser]. "A dose-response study following in utero and lactational exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) : effects on reproductive development and function of male offspring rats / vorgelegt von Anderson Joel Martino Andrade." 2007. http://d-nb.info/987929712/34.
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Lin, Shih-Chieh, and 林士傑. "The Effects of Indium Chloride Exposure on Male Reproductive Functions in SD Rats." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24154088782706316759.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程研究所
101
Indium is increasingly used for semiconductors in a variety of industries and for scintigraphy in medicine. However, there are few studies of its potential developmental and reproductive toxicity. The objectives of this project are to investigate the low-dose and long-term effects of rats exposed to indium on male reproductive system and risk assessment. The effects of rat exposure to indium trichloride on testicular DNA content, sperm functions, serum indium will be evaluated by conducting the animal model. The rationale of indium exposure dose in this experimental animal study is based on the tolerable daily drinking water indium concentrations in Taiwan. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 weeks old, were randomly divided into control and indium trichloride-treated groups and gavaged with normal saline, 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/kg indium trichloride per day in accordance with the daily permitted exposure levels (0.002 mg/kg) of drinking water in Taiwan. After 9 weeks of exposure, the rats had average serum indium levels of 0.23, 0.19, 1.29, and 12.34 μg/L for control, 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/kg groups, respectively. This is the first study to report the lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for liver organ weight to be 20 mg/kg/day and sperm head morphology,sperm mitochondrial function to be 2 mg/kg/day and left epididymis weight, seminal vesicle weight, sperm tail morphology to be 0.2 mg/kg of indium trichloride in male rats. The decrease in sperm mitochondrial function and normal morphology was inversely associated with the concentration of serum indium (r = -0.529, p < 0.0001 for sperm mitochondrial function and r = -0.573, p < 0.0001 for normal morphology). The results provided significant implications of understanding the LOEL of indium to male reproductive functions and will help to perform reproductive health risk assessments for the indium and other industrial hazardous materials exposure of the workers and general population.