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1

Leung, Kar Wah, and Alice ST Wong. "Ginseng and male reproductive function." Spermatogenesis 3, no. 3 (July 2013): e26391. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/spmg.26391.

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2

Krupin, V. N., M. N. Uyezdny, and A. V. Krupin. "Varicocele and male reproductive function." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2020-12-3-104-109.

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3

Bhatt, Rajendra N., Dhara D. Vyas, Raveendra B. Meda, and Mandava V. Rao. "Alleviation of Fluoride Toxicity by Melatonin in Reproductive Function of Male Rat." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/172.

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4

Amaral, Sandra, and Joao Ramalho-Santos. "Aging, Mitochondria and Male Reproductive Function." Current Aging Sciencee 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609810902030165.

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5

Cheng, C. Yan, Elissa W. P. Wong, Pearl P. Y. Lie, Michelle W. M. Li, Linlin Su, Erica R. Siu, Helen H. N. Yan, et al. "Environmental toxicants and male reproductive function." Spermatogenesis 1, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/spmg.1.1.13971.

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6

Belyavskaya, Anna, Pavel Loginov, Aiman Pameshova, and Elena Mavlutova. "Microwave radiation and male reproductive function." Archiv Euromedica 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885x/2020/10/2.4.

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7

Rozhivanov, Roman Viktorovich, Natalya Sergeevna Parfenova, and Dmitriy Gennad'evich Kurbatov. "Male reproductive function in diabetes mellitus." Diabetes mellitus 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5698.

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This article is designed to discuss data on diabetic complications negatively affecting male fertility, such as retrograde ejaculation and secondary hypogonadismthat frequently occur in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been shown that 5 - 10% of the DM1 patients present with retrogradeejaculation associated with long-term decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism. Over 40% of the patients with DM2 have decreased total andfree testosterone levels regardless of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. These complications are managed using neurotropic therapy (retrogradeejaculation) and stimulatory hormonal therapy (secondary hypogonadism).
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8

Hardy, Matthew P., Hui-Bao Gao, Qiang Dong, Renshan Ge, Qian Wang, Wei Ran Chai, Xing Feng, and Chantal Sottas. "Stress hormone and male reproductive function." Cell and Tissue Research 322, no. 1 (August 4, 2005): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0006-2.

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9

Krassas, G. E., and P. Perros. "Thyroid disease and male reproductive function." Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 26, no. 4 (April 2003): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03345187.

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10

Meacham, Randall B., and Michael J. Murray. "REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN THE AGING MALE." Urologic Clinics of North America 21, no. 3 (August 1994): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(21)00626-1.

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11

Vuytsik, P. A. "Assessment of male reproductive function and prevention of androgen deficiency." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 11 (December 3, 2020): 746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-746-748.

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Introduction. Reproductive problems in marriage are an important component of demographic processes; therefore, attempts to resolve them have not only medical but also social significance. The state of male reproductive health plays an important role in demographic indicators, in particular, in population reproduction. This dictates the need to increase the volume of preventive measures, which requires early detection of reproductive disorders due to the impact of environmental factors, including occupational ones, that have a harmful effect on men. The aim of the study is to develop a prevention program aimed at preserving and improving the reproductive health of employees engaged in harmful working conditions. Materials and methods. To predict the quality of health of a future individual, it is necessary to consider many risk factors that can participate in the development of human pathology. Methods for studying reproductive health disorders in men include both conventional, classical methods of examining men by urologists, andrologists, and expert ones, which allow us to find out the role of harmful factors in the development of reproductive disorders of professional etiology by specialists in occupational medicine. The implementation of a reproductive health program requires monitoring the progress of the actions taken and evaluating their effectiveness. Results. Implementing a reproductive health program requires monitoring the progress of actions and evaluating their effectiveness. Conclusions. The ability to assess the risk of damage to reproductive health and the health of the offspring makes it possible to manage this risk, to prevent and reduce the levels of occupationally determined morbidity and morbidity associated with exposure to harmful factors.
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12

Ehrenkranz, Joel R. L., and Wylie C. Hembree. "Effects of Marijuana on Male Reproductive Function." Psychiatric Annals 16, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19860401-11.

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13

Sharpe, Richard M. "Fetal life shapes adult male reproductive function." Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2, no. 10 (October 2018): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30276-1.

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14

Axelsson, Jonatan, Jens Peter Bonde, Yvonne L. Giwercman, Lars Rylander, and Aleksander Giwercman. "Gene-environment interaction and male reproductive function." Asian Journal of Andrology 12, no. 3 (March 29, 2010): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.16.

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15

McElreavey, Ken, Celia Ravel, Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud, and Jean-Pierre Siffroi. "Y chromosome variants and male reproductive function." International Journal of Andrology 29, no. 1 (February 2006): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00637.x.

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16

Main, K. M., R. B. Jensen, C. Asklund, C. E. Hoi-Hansen, and N. E. Skakkebaek. "Low Birth Weight and Male Reproductive Function." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 65, no. 3 (2006): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000091516.

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17

Molodovskaya, I. N. "Thyroid gland function and male reproductive health." Yakut Medical Journal, no. 1 (2022): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25789/ymj.2022.77.26.

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18

Nguyen-Powanda, Paulina, and Bernard Robaire. "Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Function in the Aging Male." Biology 9, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090282.

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With the delay of parenthood becoming more common, the age at which men father children is on the rise. While the effects of advanced maternal age have been well documented, only recently have studies started to focus on the impact of advanced paternal age (APA) in the context of male reproduction. As men age, the antioxidant defense system gradually becomes less efficient and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in spermatozoa; this can impair their functional and structural integrity. In this review, we present an overview of how oxidative stress is implicated in male reproductive aging by providing a summary of the sources and roles of ROS, the theories of aging, and the current animal and human studies that demonstrate the impacts of APA on the male germ line, the health of progeny and fertility, and how treatment with antioxidants may reverse these effects.
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19

Amaral, Sandra. "Aging and male reproductive function A mitochondrial perspective." Frontiers in Bioscience S5, no. 1 (2013): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/s365.

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20

Ortiz, G., F. Vilchis, M. Cardenas, C. Cruz, J. Pedraza-Chaverri, and M. Menjivar. "Reproductive function in male rats with chronic nephrosis." Reproduction 117, no. 2 (November 1, 1999): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1170223.

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21

Li, Michelle W. M., Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng. "Mitogen-activated protein kinases in male reproductive function." Trends in Molecular Medicine 15, no. 4 (April 2009): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2009.02.002.

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22

Ustinkina, T. I. "Environmental factors in disorders in male reproductive function." Reproductive Toxicology 7, no. 5 (September 1993): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(93)90196-e.

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23

Sexton, Wade J., and Jonathan P. Jarow. "Effect of diabetes mellitus upon male reproductive function." Urology 49, no. 4 (April 1997): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00573-0.

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24

Specht, Ina Olmer, Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde, Gunnar Toft, Aleksander Giwercman, Marcello Spanò, Davide Bizzaro, Gian Carlo Manicardi, Bo A. G. Jönsson, and Wendie A. Robbins. "Environmental hexachlorobenzene exposure and human male reproductive function." Reproductive Toxicology 58 (December 2015): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.074.

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25

Kirsch-Noir, Frédérique, Olivier Traxer, I. Berthaud, C. Ravel, D. Bachir, F. Galacteros, J. F. Kuntzmann, P. Jouannet, E. Vendrely, and R. Girot. "1500: Male Reproductive Function in Sickle Cell Disease." Journal of Urology 173, no. 4S (April 2005): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)35634-9.

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26

Ramasamy, Ranjith, Michael Schulster, and AaronM Bernie. "The role of estradiol in male reproductive function." Asian Journal of Andrology 18, no. 3 (2016): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1008-682x.173932.

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27

Vendramini, V., A. P. Cedenho, S. M. Miraglia, and D. M. Spaine. "Reproductive Function of the Male Obese Zucker Rats." Reproductive Sciences 21, no. 2 (June 25, 2013): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1933719113493511.

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28

Krassas, Gerasimos E., and Nikolaos Pontikides. "Male reproductive function in relation with thyroid alterations." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 18, no. 2 (June 2004): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.003.

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29

Alvarenga, Tathiana A., Camila Hirotsu, Renata Mazaro-Costa, Sergio Tufik, and Monica L. Andersen. "Impairment of male reproductive function after sleep deprivation." Fertility and Sterility 103, no. 5 (May 2015): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.02.002.

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30

Hess, Rex A., Qing Zhou, Rong Nie, Cleida Oliveira, Hyun Cho, Masaaki Nakai, and Kay Carnes. "Estrogens and epididymal function." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 4 (2001): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00100.

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Estrogen is synthesized in the male reproductive system and is found in high concentrations in rete testis and seminal fluids. This luminal estrogen targets estrogen receptors (ER) along the male reproductive tract, and in particular the efferent ductules, where ERα is abundant. However, both ERα and ERβ are found in various regions of the male reproductive tract. The transgenic ER knockout mice (αERKO and ‚ βERKO) have been used to help define the role of ER in the male. In the αERKO animal model, the efferent ductules are dramatically altered, forming an epithelium in which fluid reabsorption is inhibited and epithelial cells have greatly reduced numbers of lysosomes and organelles associated with endocytosis. The βERKO male reproductive tract appears normal. Because these animals are transgenic and lack ER throughout development, we developed animal models using pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 treatments in adult males. The data show that ERα participates in the regulation of the apical cytoplasm of non-ciliated cells of the efferent ductules, narrow cells of initial segment epididymis and clear cells in the remaining segments of the epididymis. There appears to be no effect on vas deferens. The inhibition of ERα function in the male leads to decreases in sperm concentrations and eventually to infertility. The current literature leaves the mechanisms of estrogen action in the male reproductive tract unsettled and raises the question of androgen’s contribution to the regulation of fluid transport, especially in the efferent ductules.
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31

Lazari, Maria Fatima Magalhães, Thais Fabiana Gameiro Lucas, Fabiana Yasuhara, Gisele Renata Oliveira Gomes, Erica Rosanna Siu, Carine Royer, Sheilla Alessandra Ferreira Fernandes, and Catarina Segreti Porto. "Estrogen receptors and function in the male reproductive system." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 53, no. 8 (November 2009): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302009000800005.

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A substantial advance in our understanding on the estrogen signaling occurred in the last decade. Estrogens interact with two receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, also known as ERα and ERβ, respectively. ESR1 and ESR2 belong to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. In addition to the well established transcriptional effects, estrogens can mediate rapid signaling, triggered within seconds or minutes. These rapid effects can be mediated by ESRs or the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER, also known as GPR30. The effects of estrogen on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are often mediated by growth factors. The understanding of the cross-talk between androgen, estrogen and growth factors signaling pathways is therefore essential to understand the physiopathological mechanisms of estrogen action. In this review we focused on recent discoveries about the nature of the estrogen receptors, and on the signaling and function of estrogen in the male reproductive system.
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32

Wang, Xian-Zhong, Ying Lin, Rong-Feng Wang, Rui-Jing Wang, Xiao-Yi Wang, and Bo-Wen Yang. "Effect of 4-Nitrophenol on Male Mice Reproductive Function." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11, no. 15 (December 1, 2012): 2677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.2677.2682.

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33

Sikka, Suresh. "Relative Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproductive Function." Current Medicinal Chemistry 8, no. 7 (June 1, 2001): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867013373039.

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34

Blomberg Jensen, Martin. "Vitamin D metabolism, sex hormones, and male reproductive function." REPRODUCTION 144, no. 2 (August 2012): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0064.

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The spectrum of vitamin D (VD)-mediated effects has expanded in recent years, and VD is now recognized as a versatile signaling molecule rather than being solely a regulator of bone health and calcium homeostasis. One of the recently identified target areas of VD is male reproductive function. The VD receptor (VDR) and the VD metabolizing enzyme expression studies documented the presence of this system in the testes, mature spermatozoa, and ejaculatory tract, suggesting that both systemic and local VD metabolism may influence male reproductive function. However, it is still debated which cell is the main VD target in the testis and to what extent VD is important for sex hormone production and function of spermatozoa. This review summarizes descriptive studies on testicular VD metabolism and spatial distribution of VDR and the VD metabolizing enzymes in the mammalian testes and discusses mechanistic and association studies conducted in animals and humans. The reviewed evidence suggests some effects of VD on estrogen and testosterone biosynthesis and implicates involvement of both systemic and local VD metabolism in the regulation of male fertility potential.
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35

Blomberg Jensen, Martin. "Vitamin D metabolism, sex hormones, and male reproductive function." REPRODUCTION 144, no. 5 (November 2012): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0064e.

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36

Niederberger, Craig. "Re: Impairment of Male Reproductive Function after Sleep Deprivation." Journal of Urology 194, no. 6 (December 2015): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.09.046.

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37

Høyer, B. B., C. H. Ramlau-Hansen, J. P. Bonde, S. B. Larsen, and G. Toft. "Use of non-prescription analgesics and male reproductive function." Reproductive Toxicology 74 (December 2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.004.

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38

Bellastella, Giuseppe, Davide Menafra, Giulia Puliani, Annamaria Colao, and Silvia Savastano. "How much does obesity affect the male reproductive function?" International Journal of Obesity Supplements 9, no. 1 (April 2019): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41367-019-0008-2.

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39

Bhasin, Shalender. "Secular Decline in Male Reproductive Function: Is Manliness Threatened?" Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-2438.

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40

Area, J. C., M. J. De Souza, L. S. Pescatello, and A. A. Luciano. "REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN ENDURANCE AND RESISTANCE TRAINED MALE ATHLETES." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00829.

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41

Kovalenko, V. M., L. B. Bondarenko, T. F. Byshovetz, G. M. Shayakhmetova, A. K. Voronina, O. S. Voloshina, and N. A. Saprykina. "Pyrazinamide and disulfiram effects on male rat's reproductive function." Toxicology Letters 164 (September 2006): S303—S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.289.

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42

Huang, He-Feng, Rong-Huan He, Chao-Chao Sun, Yu Zhang, Qing-Xia Meng, and Ying-Ying Ma. "Function of aquaporins in female and male reproductive systems." Human Reproduction Update 12, no. 6 (July 13, 2006): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml035.

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43

Hedger, Mark P., Julia M. Young, and Ashley Mansell. "Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Signaling Pathways in Male Reproductive Function." Biology of Reproduction 87, Suppl_1 (August 1, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/87.s1.25.

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44

Jensen, T. K., J. P. Bonde, and M. Joffe. "The influence of occupational exposure on male reproductive function." Occupational Medicine 56, no. 8 (December 1, 2006): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kql116.

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45

Chia, Sin-Eng. "Endocrine disruptors and male reproductive function - a short review." International Journal of Andrology 23, S2 (April 2000): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2605.2000.00015.x.

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46

Cederroth, Christopher R., Jacques Auger, Céline Zimmermann, Florence Eustache, and Serge Nef. "Soy, phyto-oestrogens and male reproductive function: a review." International Journal of Andrology 33, no. 2 (April 2010): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01011.x.

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47

Okumura, Akiou, Hideki Fuse, Yoko Kawauchi, Ichiro Mizuno, and Takuya Akashi. "Changes in Male Reproductive Function after High Altitude Mountaineering." High Altitude Medicine & Biology 4, no. 3 (August 2003): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/152702903769192304.

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48

Agbaje, I. M., D. A. Rogers, C. M. McVicar, N. McClure, A. B. Atkinson, C. Mallidis, and S. E. M. Lewis. "Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus: implications for male reproductive function." Human Reproduction 22, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem077.

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49

Tavares, R. S., S. Escada-Rebelo, A. F. Silva, M. I. Sousa, J. Ramalho-Santos, and S. Amaral. "Antidiabetic therapies and male reproductive function: where do we stand?" Reproduction 155, no. 1 (January 2018): R13—R37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0390.

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Diabetes mellitus has been increasing at alarming rates in recent years, thus jeopardizing human health worldwide. Several antidiabetic drugs have been introduced in the market to manage glycemic levels, and proven effective in avoiding, minimizing or preventing the appearance or development of diabetes mellitus-related complications. However, and despite the established association between such pathology and male reproductive dysfunction, the influence of these therapeutic interventions on such topics have been scarcely explored. Importantly, this pathology may contribute toward the global decline in male fertility, giving the increasing preponderance of diabetes mellitus in young men at their reproductive age. Therefore, it is mandatory that the reproductive health of diabetic individuals is maintained during the antidiabetic treatment. With this in mind, we have gathered the available information and made a critical analysis regarding the effects of several antidiabetic drugs on male reproductive function. Unlike insulin, which has a clear and fundamental role on male reproductive function, the other antidiabetic therapies' effects at this level seem incoherent. In fact, studies are highly controversial possibly due to the different experimental study approaches, which, in our opinion, suggests caution when it comes to prescribing such drugs to young diabetic patients. Overall, much is still to be determined and further studies are needed to clarify the safety of these antidiabetic strategies on male reproductive system. Aspects such as the effects of insulin levels variations, consequent of insulin therapy, as well as what will be the impact of the side effect hypoglycemia, common to several therapeutic strategies discussed, on the male reproductive system are still to be addressed.
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50

Lamb, J. C., M. D. Ross, and R. E. Chapin. "Experimental Methods for Studying Male Reproductive Function in Standard Toxicology Studies." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 5, no. 4 (July 1986): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818609140747.

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Indicators of insult to the male reproductive system can be incorporated into standard toxicology studies so that the assessment of reproductive toxicity does not interfere with the general toxicologic evaluation. This can include assessment of testicular spermatids, or sperm from the epididymis, or vas deferens, or assessment of semen collected from the female reproductive tract postcoitally. Endpoints evaluated may include sperm count, motility, or sperm head morphology. Testicular morphology also may be evaluated by various improved histologic techniques. For example, when testes are immersion-fixed in formalin, testicular morphology is significantly improved by embedding the tissue in the water-soluble plastic glycol methacrylate (GMA) rather than paraffin. These approaches to male reproductive toxicology are cost-effective and reduce the number of animals required for pilot or survey studies for testicular toxicity. They can provide useful data on male reproductive function.
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