Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malgache (langue) – Traduction automatique'
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Rakotoalimanana, Herizo David. "Structure morphosyntaxique et modélisation informatique de la langue malgache." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21035.
Full textThis study is intented to provide a first framework for the definition of an electronic dictionary of the Malagasy language to be used in the context of Natural Language Processing components. Our work is based, on the one hand, on a descriptive study of the Malagasy language, and, on the other hand, on the proposition of a computer representation of the corresponding phenomena. Following a preliminary chapter dedicated to a general presentation of the geographical and sociological context, the first part of the thesis presents a thorough analysis of Malagasian terms from the point of view of their morphology and syntactic behaviour. In particular, we describe the various voices and modalities of Malagasian utterances : tense, aspect and mood. The second part of the thesis comprises the formel representation that we associate to the linguistic data that have been previously described, so that a possible implementation can be derived in the form of a parser / generator of Malagasian predicative terms (AGTM). The automatic analysis of a term is based upon the identification of its various constituants, the relations that link these together and the identification of a possible translation in French for the term. Our system can also provide all the possible forms that can be derived from a root, given a set of restrictions provided as input. The thesis comprises several appendixes which present the whole software implemented in Prolog, as well as sample results
Ranaivoson, Jeannot Fils. "Etude des constructions à prédicat mx-N en malgache : classe d'objets et traduction." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131003.
Full textIn the malagasy language, the predicates mx-n, where n is a non-predicative noun that normally designates a concrete object, are verbs or adjectives peculiarly formed generally, the verbs and adjectives in that language are derived from notional radicals or predicative nouns. This study is concerned with the syntax of these elements and their translation into french. The method used is the lexique-grammaire completed by the use of object classes. The nominalization process, with the help of appropriate verbs and operative verbs, has been used as the basis for the study of typology of these elements. Through the use of these types of nominalization, it was discovered that the element n of the predicate was either an object, or a means, an attribute of the subject or the first object of the sentence, or an object to which the subject does not apply but is produced by the latter, or else an instrument, a place or an element requiring symetrical arguments. As regard the translation, it has been done in two ways : the n radicals have been translated literally, whereas the operators mx-n have been translated by using equivalent. This approach clearly shows the shift or even sometimes, the loss in meaning that may occur when changing from a radical to a verbal or adjectival form
Kuroda, Kyoko. "Traduction automatique : divergences de traduction entre le japonais et le français." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1004.
Full textSentences obtained by translation show varied and important syntactic discrepancies. This is true especially when the sentences are in distant languages such as Japanese and French. This work described here explores the issue of translation divergence of these particular languages in order to apply the results of this investigation to our transfer system. With this intention we are interested in the discrepancy observed at the level of verbal argument structures. We put special focus on changes of lexical category, changes of voice, diversification of the actancial distribution and various forms of actualized predicate. These disparities often are correlated with each other and have common origins. For example they can be explained by what Pottier calls ‘event statutes' of the predicate. That is, according to whether the event to be expressed is one of state or evolution, the way of representing the event is different. Furthermore, this differentiation largely depends on the lexicon of each language and also on the syntactico-semantic constraints which each language imposes on its lexicon. We have thus endeavored to extract factors which, on the one hand, are correlated between the diverging facts and, on the other hand, are common to our two languages. We have included these factors in the lexical description, in considering that they thus enable the transfer system to apply operations which neutralize the disparity. Having formalized these lexical descriptions which are based on unification grammar, we show how the transfer system uses the common factors in order to neutralize the discrepancy
Lin, Hsiang-I. "Vers une traduction automatique des expressions figées françaises en chinois : la traduction canonique." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1023.
Full textFixed expressions are frequently used in the media, in the literature and in daily conversations. Thus, they often perplex learners of a new language, but also translators. Moreover, existing machine translation systems give frustrating results for fixed expression entries, especially when it comes to translating french fixed expressions into chinese. Would it be possible to create a machine translation system that is able to recognize the right sense of a french fixed expression and then to translate it into chinese in an intelligible way ? After studying fixed expressions, (human) translation and machine translation, we find out the principal problems that are inherents in the related areas : the polysemic nature of french fixed expressions ; the principle of fidelity in translation: fidelity to the sense ; the recognization of the right sense of a french fixed expression, and the output of an intelligible chinese translation - by a machine : the formalization of all linguistic and translating respects is therefore indispensable. These problems show that the sense is the essential element in the related areas, and that the sense underlies concrete forms. The sense of a fixed expression may not only be determined by the form that the expression takes, but also be outlined by its co-textes. Based on these findings, We suggest the canonical approach on the bassis of semantic and formal respects of french fixed expressions and their chinese translations. With this approach, We establish the trace system (canonical translation of expressions) which is able to translate correctly a french fixed expression into chinese
Pétry, Jean-Luc. "Le prénom "il" en traduction assistée par ordinateur étude théorique /." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1996/Petry.Jean_Luc.LMZ969.pdf.
Full textSeverini, Alfiero. "Mise au point d'un système de traduction automatique italien-français." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131007.
Full textMaillot, Catherine DIMON PIERRE. "LE TRAITEMENT DES PREPOSITIONS SPATIALES DANS UN SYSTEME DE TRADUCTION AUTOMATIQUE FRANCAIS-ALLEMAND, ALLEMAND-FRANCAIS BASE SUR L'UNIFICATION /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Maillot.Catherine.LMZ9718_1.pdf.
Full textMaillot, Catherine. "Le traitement des prépositions spatiales dans un système de traduction automatique français-allemand, allemand-français, basé sur l'unification." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Maillot.Catherine.LMZ9718_1.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the + processing of spatial prepositions in a french-german, german- french unification-based machine translation system ;. It is divided into two volumes : the first one deals with theoritical concerns and first with the study of prepositions in four fields : morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and presents the current studies on computer-oriented processing of spatial localization. It is followed by a presentation of already existing models: case grammar and unification grammars, and the computer implementation in which they are used. It ends with a presentation of the cat2-system and of the way the translation program functions. The second volume corresponds to the pratical part of our work and presents organigrams used for the translation program we have created. It also includes french and german morphological dictionaries, french and german semantical dictionaries, along with the computer-program and the different test-examples
Nakamura, Delloye Yayoi. "Alignement automatique de textes parallèles français - japonais." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070054.
Full textAutomatic alignment aims to match elements of parallel texts. We are interested especially in the implementation of a System which carries out alignment at the clause level. Clause is a beneficial linguistic unit for many applications. This thesis consists of two types of works: the introductory works and those that constitute the thesis core. It is structured around the concept of syntactic clause. The introductory works include an overview of alignment and studies on sentence alignment. These works resulted in the creation of a sentence alignment System adapted to French and Japanese text processing. The thesis core consists of two types of works: linguistic studies and implementations. The linguistic studies are themselves divided into two topics: French clause and Japanese clause. The goal of our French clause studies is to define a grammar for clause identification. For this purpose, we attempted to define a typological classification of clauses, based on formal criteria only. In Japanese studies, we first define the Japanese sentence on the basis of the theme-rheme structure. We then try to elucidate the notion of clause. Implementation works consist of three tasks which finally constitute the clause alignment processing. These tasks are carried out by three separate tools: two clauses identification Systems (one for French texts and one for Japanese texts) and a clause alignment System
Lab, Frédérique. "Linguistique contrastive et traduction automatique, une étude de cas : les traductions anglaises du présent français." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070041.
Full textAfter a brief introduction to machine translation, with a few definitions relating to this domain, the author studies the treatment of time and aspect in some of the existing m. T. Systems. A whole section is devoted to the european pr0ject "eurotra", with a critical approach. The main partof the thesis consists of a thorough examination of the translations of the french "present" tense into english : 1) what are the various possible translations (study of a corpus)? 2) what has to be taken into account in order to infer the value of the present and hence translate it (referential interpretation, status of the process, noun determination, lexical aspect), 3) what are the rules that can be drawn for the automatic translation of these verbal forms?
Anchaleenukoon, Sunant. "Etude contrastive des systemes predicatifs francais et thai en vue de la traduction automatique." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030135.
Full textThe predicative systems of french and thai are analyzed with a view to machine translation. This analysis is carried out in terms of logic and semantics, as these two languages are quite different at the syntactic level. We then use the notion of lexical units. The lexical units concerning the predicative system play a very important role in machine translation. They allow to neutralize the differences of the syntactic classes for the same semantic class. According to the method of prof. B. Vauquois, multilevel structures are used in mt systems to represent the analysis of units of translation. A multilevel structure is a tree structure where the nodes bear complex labels contraining the necessary informations to interpret each level selected. These levels are presented by the hierarchy of their "deep structure". The general analysis allow us to observe that the french and thai languages have the same kinds of concepts : process, state and entity, which constitute the derivative types of the predicates. The result of this analysis shows that the greater part of the predicative system in french and thai is quite the same. We found that there will be very few difficult points in french-thai machine translation caused by differences in the predicative systems. On the one hand, there are very few differences concerning semantic restrictions on arguments of. .
Anchaleenukoon, Sunant. "Étude contrastive des systèmes prédicatifs français et thai en vue de la traduction automatique." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA03A135.
Full textWu, Xiaohong. "Conception d'une langue contrôlée pour un système de traduction automatique de protocoles médicaux : applications aux domaines de l'échinococcose et au clonage moléculaire." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1012.
Full textThis research is based on a lingusitic study to design an English-Chinese machine translation system to be applied in two sub-medical domains : echinococcosis and molecular cloning. By means of a detailled contrastive analysis, we focused on analysing the lexical, syntactic and semantic differences and the discrepancies prevalent between these two languages and which are frequently the cause of mistranslation by the machine. We compared the medical protocols translated by human translators with the protocols which were translated using the free MT systems on Internet (Systran, WordlLingo and Babelfish Translation). Some language-specific problems were thus detected and feasible solutions were explored. Therefore this research focused on designing and developing a controlled language (CL) as a supporting technique to reduce the complexity of linguistic analysis and to enhance the translation quality of the machine. While designing the CL, we also take into account the possibility of a future application of this technique in a multilingual environment. Moreover, detailed writing guidelines were designed in the form of a protocol to enable the authors of the medical protocols to compose clerer and relatively simpler sentences which would facilitate the machine to process the input sentences and thus obtain good translations
You, Eun Soon. "Le Traitement des unités lexicales polysémiques (l'adjectif et le verbe) : vers un système de traduction automatique." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1014.
Full textOur thesis has for objective the processing of the polysemic adjective applicable to the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and particularly to automatic translation (French-Korean). The various meaning of the lexicon used in the stock market generates several different semantic interpretations and therefore several translations. To resolve this problem in NLP, we propose a disambiguisation model making use of co-textual information and more particularly the noun. The latter forms a noun clause with the adjective thus allowing one to remove the semantic ambiguity of the adjective and determine its correct meaning. The co-textual hints that we have used are the following: the syntactic order of the adjective, the property of the noun and the semantic class to which the noun belongs. Our work consists in attributing to each polysemic adjective selected the co-textual information mentioned above so that the machine can find its correct meaning. The methodology can be generalized to other parts of speech, we have already applied it to the verb and its co-text, the noun
Ramavonirina, Oliva Rahantamalala. "Langage juridique et processus de développement : le cas de Madagascar." Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0021.
Full textAs a very technical and old fashion language that makes use of terms and phrases drawn from a foreign mind frame by the craft of History, the Malagasy law speech is hardly accessible to the population, though it has been intended to him. Consequently, it is not rare that justice decisions are barely executed, or even not at all, by the receivers who just do not understand what they are supposed to do. Hence, very serious prejudices come up for him/her whose sole guilt is not to understand neither French law speech due to amadel of thought that is far away from his own, nor official Malagasy law speech mould on the French madel with a thematic structure based on a logic system which is at the straight opposite of his/her way of thinking. This work is a contribution to modernize some old fashion terms still found in the Malagasy law speech on one hand, and on the other hand to modify the structure of the justice decision texts in order to fit Malagasy people's own mind frame. This should hopefully make Malagasy law speech much more understandable for the people, and by this way, to improve their relationship with Justice, so that the institution to fully play its role of a social regulator leading to a sustainable and integral human development
Cennamo, Ilaria. "Enseigner la traduction humaine en s'inspirant de la traduction automatique." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0021/document.
Full textOur project aims at studying human-machine (H-M) interaction in the context of Italian to French translation teaching and learning, at a master degree level in translation and interpretation. More precisely, our focus is on the pedagogical usefulness of such a H-M interaction having been put in place thanks to the integration of a rule-based machine translator, namely the system Apertium , in a prototypical version.Can this interaction between machine translation and human translation strategies represent a useful pedagogical tool for translation training? Our hypothesis is that H-M interaction taking place between human translation learners and our machine translation prototype can encourage learners’ meta-translational reflection. This process would help them in becoming aware of all the factors implied in translating, and would allow the systematisation of their translation knowledge
Badia, Toni. "Aspectes del sintagma nominal en català des de la perspectiva de la traducció automàtica /." Montserrat : Abadia de Montserrat, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357951358.
Full textPétry, Jean-Luc. "Le pronom "il" en traduction assistée par ordinateur : étude théorique." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/UPVM_T_1996_Petry_Jean_Luc_LMZ9609.pdf.
Full textThe object of our research in linguistics was basically the identification process of the referent of french personal pronoun il. The process calls for a formalisation procedure in the perspective of computer-aided translation (CAT) systems. Consequently, this research is not a study on anaphora, even if this concept remains central to the investigation. The study refers essentially to the first stage of the CAT procedures : analysis. We examined il successively as an impersonal and personal pronoun, and tried to identify or rather "calculate" the right antecedent. The corpora used for experimentation were of two types : literary (Les mots by Jean-Paul Sartre) and legal / technical (Esprit Report published by the EEC Commission). The research is therefore primarily theoritical. The point was to investigate the possibility of elborating a grammar of logic or modular type, and a dictionnary or data base that could be used at a later stage by an expert system designed to identify automatically the right antecedent. The process had to leave no room to intuitive procedures that cannot be supported by CAT systems in current state-of-the-art conditions. As a consequence, operations can be validated only if formalisation is possible. However, some amount of knowledge can be integrated into the process. In short, the study can be considered as a contribution to some of the issues involved in the man-machine dialogue issue. The application of the model provided following results : il is properly identified as an impersonal pronoun in 96% cases and the antecedent of the personal pronoun is recognised in 95. 52 occurences. Various methods including quantitative analysis, knowledge representation in pragmatics, application of unification-based grammars, Discourse Representation Theory (DRT), lexical functions, pointed at interesting solutions to solve the remaining 5% ambiguous cases. The obvious follow-up to this study would consist in the writing of a program and an implementation of the data collected to check on the valididity of the results mentioned above
Khruathong, Sombat. "Vers une analyse micro-systémique en vue d'une traduction automatique thaï-français : application aux verbes sériels." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1004.
Full textThis thesis, "Towards a Micro-Systemic Parsing for a Thai-French Machine Translation: Application to the Serial Verbs", is divided into 6 chapters : Chapter one presents the linguistic and data-processing approaches used in the field of computational linguistics. Chapter two explains the characteristics of the Thai language compared to the French language, the general problems of Thai-French translation, as well as the parsing models of noun phrases in Thai. Chapter three is concerned with trying to parse adjectival and adverbial syntagms of Thai. Chapter four is devoted to the parsing models for Thai serial verbs. The hypothesis there presented is the result of successive observations on the general problems of our mother tongue, the Thai language, in particular with regard to natural language processing. This has enabled us to observe that Thai serial verbs play a particular role not only in lexical formation, but also in the syntactic order of the sentence. It is not necessary to say how much the interpretation of the meaning would be obstructed if these verbs were badly analyzed. Quantitatively, Thai serial verbs are not numerous. However, in their pre or post verbal and nominal employment, even at the level of the sentence, the research outcome shows that they play a particular role which deserves to be studied. Chapter five applies the results of chapters 3 and 4 to the implementation of a Thai-French machine translation system in "interactive mode"; we believe that such analysis models for machine translation can be better developed in interactive mode because the problems, which concern the difference of the two distant languages as well as in the lexical formation in syntax, are thereby highlighted. In conclusion, we wish to underline that a Thai-French machine translation system could have many applications in particular in the area of Teaching of French as a Foreign Language for the Thai public or Teaching of Thai as a Foreign Language for French speaking countries
Thollard, Franck. "Inférence grammaticale probabiliste pour l'apprentissage de la syntaxe en traitement de la langue naturelle." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET4010.
Full textLosson, Olivier Toulotte Jean-Marc. "Modélisation du geste communicatif et réalisation d'un signeur virtuel de phrases en langue des signes française." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2000-13-14.
Full textBaldo, Sabrina. "Représentation des valeurs sémantiques de l'auxiliaire modal would en anglais : étude linguistique et système d'exploration contextuelle en vue du traitement informatique de sa traduction automatique en français." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040221.
Full textLimame, Dalila. "Vers un système de traduction des expressions polysémiques : le système S.T.E.P. : modèle français [vers] italien, anglais." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1004.
Full textLedouble, Hélène. "Contribution à la traduction de documents économiques anglais : importance de l'extraction et de la représentation du sens : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2021.
Full textIn view of the predominant use of the English language in the international communication, the development of translation aids has become a fundamental issue. In this project, we present the advantages of knowledge-based machine translation in the constitution of translation aids. This translation principle aims at extracting and representing the meaning of information in the source language as a preliminary step to reformulation this meaning in a target language. After defining knowledge that is required for interpreting the meaning of information (interlinguistic and intralinguistic knowledge), we identify it in a corpus of economic documents. In our syntactico-semantic approach, we emphasize the necessary combination of inter and intralinguistic knowledge for source language analysis. The meaning of information is then modelled into a conceptual graph structure, thus enabling the reformulation of information in a target language, in a bilingual or multilingual context
Hadj, salah Marwa. "Désambiguïsation lexicale de l'arabe pour et par la traduction automatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM089/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns a study of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), which is a central task in natural language processing and that can improve applications such as machine translation or information extraction. Researches in word sense disambiguation predominantly concern the English language, because the majority of other languages lacks a standard lexical reference for the annotation of corpora, and also lacks sense annotated corpora for the evaluation, and more importantly for the construction of word sense disambiguation systems. In English, the lexical database wordnet is a long-standing de-facto standard used in most sense annotated corpora and in most WSD evaluation campaigns.Our contribution to this thesis focuses on several areas:first of all, we present a method for the automatic creation of sense annotated corpora for any language, by taking advantage of the large amount of wordnet sense annotated English corpora, and by using a machine translation system. This method is applied on Arabic and is evaluated, to our knowledge, on the only Arabic manually sense annotated corpus with wordnet: the Arabic OntoNotes 5.0, which we have semi-automatically enriched.Its evaluation is performed thanks to an implementation of two supervised word sense disambiguation systems that are trained on the corpora produced using our method. We hence propose a solid baseline for the evaluation of future Arabic word sense disambiguation systems, in addition to sense annotated Arabic corpora that we provide as a freely available resource.Secondly, we propose an in vivo evaluation of our Arabic word sense disambiguation system by measuring its contribution to the performance of the machine translation task
Gouirand, Olivier. "Méthodologie de l'évaluation de la traduction assistée par ordinateur : application au traducteur professionnel en français-anglais et vice versa." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20069.
Full textThis research aims at laying the foundations of an essentially linguistic evaluation of computer-aided translation limited to its use by independent translators on French-English language pairs. More than defining the specificities of the former - which had never been done before - and carrying out a critical and systematic study of the numerous approaches to evaluation, an experiment was conducted on corpora, confirming the tight dependency of semantics and syntax, the latter matching a categorial distribution close to the law on anomalous numbers. The invariants obtained in a statistical fashion were then compared to syntactic and conceptual primitives in the continuity and connexionist paradigm in view to forming a dynamic analysis system for linguistic quality in machine translation, the aim of which is helping it to break the semantic barrier
Thomas, Izabella. "Vers un modèle d'interprétation du groupe Adjectif Nom/Nom Adjectif en vue de la traduction automatique : application du français vers le polonais." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1034.
Full textDo, Thi Ngoc Diep. "Extraction de corpus parallèle pour la traduction automatique depuis et vers une langue peu dotée." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680046.
Full textJaozandry, Marie. "Les prédicats nominaux du Malgache : étude comparative avec le français." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131005/document.
Full textAThis thesis is part of the work of L.D.I (Lexiques, Dictionnaire, Informatique) of the University of Paris 13 on the description of the nominal predicates. We study the predicative constructions of the Malagasy by comparing them with those of the French, the language for which was proposed the development of a methodology appropriate to the description of its structures. The first chapter presents the descriptive tools and a short description of the Malagasy language. The second chapter provides an overview of the research done on «verbs supports», both in French and Malagasy, with particular emphasis on the importance of nominal determination. The choice of «verbes supports» depends on the nature of the nominal predicates which are thus divided into three classes : actions, states and events. This classification specified in the third chapter (predicates of actions), in the fourth chapter (predicates of states) and in the fifth chapter (event predicates). In each chapter, some accuracy substantives prototypes were described, according to consistent criteria which are syntactically based. It thus highlights that «verbs supports» are only one part of discounting nominal predicates, along with determination and aspectual adverbs or adjectives. This thesis provides a framework for a future more comprehensive study of the Malagasy nominal predicates
Jin, Gan. "Système de traduction automatique français-chinois dans le domaine de la sécurité globale." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1006.
Full textIn this paper, in addition to our research results for a French-Chinese machine translation system, we present the theoretical contributions from the SyGULAC theory and from the micro-systemic theory with its calculations as well as the methodologies developed aimed at a secure and reliable application in the context of machine translation. The application covers critical safety areas such as aerospace, medicine and civil security.After presenting the state of the art in the field of machine translation in China and France, the reasons of the choice of the micro-systemic theory and SyGULAC theory are explained. Then, we explain the problems encountered during our research. The ambiguity, which is the major obstacle to the understandability and to the translatability of a text, is present at all language levels: syntactic, morphological, lexical, nominal and verbal. The identification of the units of a sentence is also a preliminary step for global understanding, whether for human beings or for a translation system. We present an inventory of the divergences between the french and the chinese language in order to achieve an machine translation system. We try to observe the verbal, nominal and vocabulary structure levels, in order to understand their interconnections and their interactions. We also define the obstacles to this research, with a theoretical point of view but also by studying our corpus.The chosen formalism starts from a thorough study of the language used in security protocols. A language is suitable for automatic processing only if this language is formalized. Therefore, An analysis of several French/Chinese bilingual corpora, but also monolingual, from civil security agencies, was conducted. The goal is to find out and present the linguistic characteristics (lexical, syntactic ...) which characterize the language of security in general, and to identify all the syntactic structures used by this language. After presenting the formalization of our system, we show the recognition, transfer and generation processes
Kakoyianni, Doa Fryni. "Adverbes de phrase français et grecs : étude contrastive et perspectives didactiques." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20111.
Full textThis contrastive study examines the sentential Greek adverbs in comparison with the French adverbs of enunciation and to the adverbs of statement, for didactic and automatic translation purposes. In this descriptive and comparative study are presented, on the one hand, the morphosyntaxic structures of the adverbs of enunciation and statement in French and modern Greek and, on the other hand, semantic aspects that categorize these adverbs into sets and subsets. The adverbs concerning the psychological or moral perspective of the speaker with respect to the interlocutor, the adverbs expressing a comment of the speaker on the formulation of the statement, the adverbs relating to the source of information and the adverbs of individuation constitute the adverbs of stating, whereas the adverbs of attitude, the evaluation adverbs, the modal adverbs and the subject oriented adverbs of attitude are the groups belonging to the adverbs of statement. The thesis has examined if and to what extent the criteria and the tests valid for French apply to Greek. This was done in order to identify the two classes of adverbs of sentence, to collect and study them especially in their semantic values, their positions as well as the various types of possible morphosyntaxic variations. This study has attempted to underline the common characteristics and the differences between the French and the Greek language as regards the enunciation adverbs and the statement adverbs, before outlining, in conclusion, the possible implications for didactic and automatic translation which result from this work
Kervajan, Loïc. "Contribution à la traduction automatique Français/Langue des Signes Française (LSF) au moyen de personnages virtuels." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697726.
Full textMesseri, Anne. "Terminologie juridique pénale et pénitentiaire biblingue français-italien assistée par ordinateur." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2006.
Full textBeddar, Mohand. "Vers un prototype de traduction automatique contrôlée français/arabe appliquée aux domaines à sécurité critique." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1013/document.
Full textThe result of our research is a proposal for a controlled French to Arabic machine translation model, applied to security critical domains. This cross-disciplinary research study covers controlled languages and French to Arabic machine translation, two intimately related concepts. In a situation of crisis where communication must play its full role, and in the context of increasing globalisation where many languages coexist, our research findings show that the combination of these two concepts is sorely needed. No one can deny today the predominant role played by security in people’s daily life and the significant challenges it presents in modern societies. These more and more complex and interconnected societies present evident vulnerabilities that force them to rethink their means of protection and in particular that of their communication systems. Language communication with computerised systems is one of the most widely used forms of communication for the transfer of knowledge required in carrying out and completing tasks and in the good conduct of various activities. However, and contrary to an entrenched idea that tends to associate the risk of poor communication only with oral transmission, the use of written language can also be subject to risk. Indeed, a protocol or an alert which is badly formulated can provoke serious accidents due to misunderstanding, in particular during a crisis and under stress. It is in this context that our research has been undertaken. Our thesis proposes an innovative approach in the fields of controlled language and machine translation in which, relying on a microsystemic analysis of the language and a study of the corpus in intension, precise standards are defined for writing and translating protocols and security alerts written in French automatically into Arabic. Indeed, new concepts are introduced by means of several normative methods involved not only in the controlling process but also in the machine translation process. The French to Arabic machine translation system TACCT (Traduction Automatique Contrôlée Centre Tesnière) developed during our research is a rule-based system based on an isomorphic syntactic and semantic model stemming from intra- and interlanguage analysis between French and Arabic. It introduces new concepts including controlled mirror macrostructures, where the syntax and semantics of the source and target languages are represented at the same level
Apidianaki, Marianna. "Acquisition automatique de sens pour la désambiguïsation et la sélection lexicale en traduction." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322285.
Full textNous proposons une méthode d'acquisition de sens permettant d'établir des correspondances sémantiques de granularité variable entre les mots de deux langues en relation de traduction. L'induction de sens est effectuée par une combinaison d'informations distributionnelles et traductionnelles extraites d'un corpus bilingue parallèle. La méthode proposée étant à la fois non supervisée et entièrement fondée sur des données, elle est, par conséquent, indépendante de la langue et permet l'élaboration d'inventaires sémantiques relatifs aux domaines représentés dans les corpus traités.
Les résultats de cette méthode sont exploités par une méthode de désambiguïsation lexicale, qui attribue un sens à de nouvelles instances de mots ambigus en contexte, et par une méthode de sélection lexicale, qui propose leur traduction la plus adéquate. On propose finalement une évaluation pondérée des résultats de désambiguïsation et de sélection lexicale, en nous fondant sur l'inventaire construit par la méthode d'acquisition de sens.
Gosme, Julien. "Énumération exhaustive et détection spécifique des analogies : étude pour les modèles de langue et la traduction automatique." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700559.
Full textLosson, Olivier. "Modélisation du geste communicatif et réalisation d'un signeur virtuel de phrases en langue des signes française." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-13-14.pdf.
Full textAfin de marquer le type de clause, l'expressivite non-manuelle - notamment faciale - est de premiere importance. Le systeme a ete integralement implante pour aboutir a l'animation d'un signeur virtuel. L'exigence de configurations naturelles pour les chaines articulaires a necessite le developpement d'un modele realiste pour l'avatar, et de methodes specifiques de cinematique inverse pour l'orientation et le positionnement manuels. L'ensemble, de l'analyseur syntaxique au module de generation graphique tridimensionnelle, constitue un prototype performant d'obtention de phrases signees. Dote d'une interface graphique, il laisse entrevoir (comme le prouve un exemple illustratif) toute une gamme d'applications pour lesquelles la video n'est pas adaptee, tirant principalement profit de la compacite de l'encodage et de la rapidite avec laquelle sont produits les signes
Laporte, Elena-Mirabela. "La traduction automatique statistique factorisée : une application à la paire de langues français - roumain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC022/document.
Full textOur first aim is to build linguistic resources for a French - Romanian factored phrase - based statistical machine translation system. Our second aim is to study the impact of exploited linguistic information in the lexical alignment and translation process. On the one hand, this study is motivated by the lack of such systems for the studied languages. On the other hand, it is motivated by the high number of errors provided by the current machine translation systems. The linguistic resources required by the system are tokenized, lemmatized, tagged, word, and sentence - aligned parallel corpora
Yan, Yongfeng Peccoud François. "Vers une ingénierie de la production de linguiciels spécification et réalisation d'un prototype de poste de travail linguistique pour la spécification de correspondances structurales /." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325682.
Full textPoïarkova, Elena. "L' enseignement assisté par ordinateur de la traduction français-russe." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10018.
Full textKervajan, LoÏc. "Contribution à la traduction automatique français/langue des signes française (LSF) au moyen de personnages virtuels : Contribution à la génération automatique de la LSF." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10172.
Full textSince the law was voted the 11-02-2005 for equal rights and opportunities: places open to anyone (public places, shops, internet, etc.) should welcome the Deaf in French Sign Language (FSL). We have worked on the development of technological tools to promote LSF, especially in machine translation from written French to FSL.Our thesis begins with a presentation of knowledge on FSL (theoretical resources and ways to edit FSL) and follows by further concepts of descriptive grammar. Our working hypothesis is: FSL is a language and, therefore, machine translation is relevant.We describe the language specifications for automatic processing, based on scientific knowledge and proposals of our native FSL speaker informants. We also expose our methodology, and do present the advancement of our work in the formalization of linguistic data based on the specificities of FSL which certain (verbs scheme, adjective and adverb modification, organization of nouns, agreement patterns) require further analysis.We do present the application framework in which we worked on: the machine translation system and virtual characters animation system of France Telecom R&D.After a short avatar technology presentation, we explain our control modalities of the gesture synthesis engine through the exchange format that we developed.Finally, we conclude with an evaluation, researches and developments perspectives that could follow this thesis.Our approach has produced its first results since we have achieved our goal of running the full translation chain: from the input of a sentence in French to the realization of the corresponding sentence in FSL with a synthetic character
Falaise, Achille. "Conception et prototypage d'un outil web de médiation et d'aide au dialogue tchaté écrit en langue seconde." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442754.
Full textFehri, Héla. "Reconnaissance automatique des entités nommées arabes et leur traduction vers le français." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1031/document.
Full textThe translation of named entities (NEs) is a current research topic with regard to the proliferation of electronic documents exchanged through the Internet. So, the need to process these documents with NLP tools becomes necessary and interesting. Formal or semi-formal modeling of these NEs may intervene in both processes of recognition and translation. Indeed, it makes the accumulation of linguistic resources more reliable, limits the impact of linguistic specificities and facilitates the transformation from one representation to another. In this context, we propose a tool for the recognition and translation of Arabic NEs into French, based primarily on formal .representation and a set of transducers. This tool takes into account the integration of a module of transliteration. Its implementation was performed using the NooJ platform and the results obtained proved to be satisfactory
Biloré, Christine. "Analyse phraséologique de documents économiques et financiers russes en vue de la création d'outils d'aide à la traduction." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2036.
Full textThe expanding communication between France and Russia requires additional tools for translation. However, only a few lexicographic resources are dedicated to the Russian language. This thesis aims to develop a new approach of the translation of Russian economic documents into French; the study emphasizes the importance of phraseological resources derived from genuine documents. It presents, therefore, three constituents: the creation of a corpus of documents, the detailed description of the structure of the documents and their terminology and the analysis of the bilingual phraseological units (PU) extracted from the texts. The PU are analysed from a semantic point of view; an organised system of concepts is used to tabulate the units. They can be found through their lexical items (listed in alphabetical order) or through their meaning (using a set of concepts). Both ways to access the units are of great assistance to the translator
Svášek, Martin. "Définitions, élaboration et exploitation d'un corpus parallèle bidirectionnel français-tchèque tchèque français." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0020.
Full textAt the beginning the concept of a parallel corpus is defined. French and Czech texts forming the parallel Fratchèque corpus come from literature; only texts after the year 1945 have been selected. Fratchèque is not marked up explicitly by XML tags because the tagging is not necessary for the proper functioning of the corpus manager ParaConc. The building-up of the corpus is thoroughly described following all steps and settings of the software used. The process starts with the optical character recognition program FineReader and, after checking the accuracy of numerical texts by using MS Word 2002, it goes on building up a corpus managed by ParaConc. The linguistic investigations of the thesis rely primarily on the realization of a parallel corpus. The main purpose is to tackle a phenomenon that is known in Czech as částice but has no direct equivalent in French. The most frequent terms used in the French approach are mots du discours and particules énonciatives. The existing descriptions suggest a close relationship between these words and the discourse. It is demonstrated on two Czech částice - přece, vždyt̕ and their variants - using huge Czech corpora (Analysis A) and Fratchèque (Analysis B). The study continues analysing systematically all kind of usage of vždyt̕, přece in order to present lexicographical description for a bilingual Czech-French dictionary. Through some exercices based on the results of the linguistic analysis it is shown how to use the bilingual corpus in teaching foreign languages. Finally, some issues concerning automatic evaluation of translation quality are discussed taking into account the work with částice
Sandford, Eugène. "Augmentation lexicale sémantique et désambigui͏̈sation lexicale sémantique : application à la traduction du français vers le tahitien." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20265.
Full textIgnat, Camelia. "Amélioration de l'alignement et de la traduction statistique par utilisation de corpus parallèles multilingues." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405733.
Full textMenacer, Mohamed Amine. "Reconnaissance et traduction automatique de la parole de vidéos arabes et dialectales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0157.
Full textThis research has been developed in the framework of the project AMIS (Access to Multilingual Information and opinionS). AMIS is an European project which aims to help people to understand the main idea of a video in a foreign language by generating an automatic summary of it. In this thesis, we focus on the automatic recognition and translation of the speech of Arabic and dialectal videos. The statistical approaches proposed in the literature for automatic speech recognition are language independent and they are applicable to modern standard Arabic. However, this language presents some characteristics that we need to take into consideration in order to boost the performance of the speech recognition system. Among these characteristics we can mention the absence of short vowels in the text, which makes their training by the acoustic model difficult. We proposed several approaches to acoustic and/or language modeling in order to better recognize the Arabic speech. In the Arab world, modern standard Arabic is not the mother tongue, that is why daily conversations are carried out with dialect, an Arabic inspired from modern standard Arabic, but not only. We worked on the adaptation of the speech recognition system developed for the modern standard Arabic to the Algerian dialect, which is one of the most difficult variants of the Arabic language to recognize by automatic speech recognition systems. This is mainly due to the borrowed words from other languages, the code-switching and the lack of resources. Our approach to overcome all these problems is to take advantage from oral and textual data of other languages that have an impact on the dialect in order to train the required models for dialect speech recognition. The resulting text from Arabic speech recognition system was then used for machine translation. As a starting point, we conducted a comparative study between the phrase based approach and the neural approach used in machine translation. Then, we adapted these two approaches to translate the code-switched text. Our study focused on the mix of Arabic and English in a parallel corpus extracted from official documents of the United Nations. In order to prevent the error propagation in the pipeline system, we worked on the adaptation of the vocabulary of the automatic speech recognition system and on the proposition of a new model that directly transforms a speech signal in language A into a sequence of words in another language B
Lasfer-Kedad, Sandra. "Étude syntaxique des Wh-questions en vue de leur traduction automatique de l’anglais vers l’arabe." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040011.
Full textFirstly, this research aims to outline a syntactic study of the wh-questions, and analyse aspects of wh-question formation in typologically two different languages: Arabic and English within the framework of Generative Grammar and Minimalist Approach. It will be shown and argued that in both languages, the wh-phrase, which is in initial position, is moved to [Spec, CP] and that wh-movement applies overtly.Secondly, the thesis attempts to discuss and analyse the translation of English wh-questions into Arabic by three machine translation systems using different methods of translation through different methods of evaluation. We describe a set of important problems related to linguistic differences between the two languages. These problems have great influence not only on the quality of the output but also on its acceptability. The evaluation of the output will help us to present a diagnostic information about where a given system succeeds or needs improvement, relative to its intended users and use based on the syntactic study of wh-questions, to provide a comparative information which allows identifying the best system with respect to the translation quality and performance, to specify through the analysis of the results of evaluation the sources of problems that are responsible for producing ill-formed translations and inadequate systems’ performance and finally to outline some recommendations that are useful for system’s designers and developers to overcome various linguistic and operational problems that might impede the translation process
Meneses, Lerin Luis. "Dictionnaire électronique monolingue coordonné du verbe Donner FR-ES-MEX : approche syntactico-sémantique." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131035.
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