Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mali. Office du Niger'
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Bordage, Jean-Michel. "De la terre, de l'eau et des hommes : colons et techniciens de l'Office du Niger, 1932-1985." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR2012.
Full textL'office du niger is since its creation in 1932 the largest agricultural company in mali. Its main aim was to produce cotton rice and sugar, to be focus of technical modernisation and the center of a large cosial experimentation. The company has never got any profit, its productivity just remained the same for many years this was mainly the consequence of economic factors. The farming of land was mainly done by african peasants who were not the owners of the land, and who were not motivated to intensify their production
Filipovich, Jean 1947. "The Office du Niger under colonial rule : its origin, evolution, and character, 1920-1960." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67462.
Full textLe projet d'irrigation de l'Office du Niger, situé dans le delta intérieur du Niger au Mali, est né d'une proposition très insuffisante mais grandiose conçue en 1920 par un ingénieur des Travaux Publics Coloniaux, Émile Bélime. Conçu à l'origine comme un moyen de transformer la Vallée du Niger en une vaste plantation de coton, et envisagé par la suite comme le grenier central de l'Afrique Occidentale, ce projet n'a jamais atteint qu'une petite partie de son potentiel agricole espéré. Sa réalisation et sa mise en exploitation on nécessité le déracinement par contrainte de dizaines de milliers d'Africains. Même après la deuxième guerre mondiale, le projet a absorbé encore une grande partie des revenus coloniaux, déjà limités, mais il n'a généré aucun revenu. Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, l'Office du Niger a acqui petit à petit le statut de facto d'un état dans l'État, dirigé par Émile Bélime. En 1945, quand le projet a été finalement reconnu comme une échec sur le plan économique et humanitaire, les autorités coloniales ont essayé de corriger les erreurs les plus graves et lui ont accordé le nouveau statu de prototype pour d'autres projets d'assistance économique et technique aux régions sous-développées. En 1961, le Gouvernement du Mali, qui avait récemment accédé à l'indépendance, pensait en faire un projet pilote pour le développement agricole du pays. Sa réalisation détermine encore aujourd'hui la politique agricole du Mali. fr
Etz, Swen. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verbesserung des nachhaltigen Kanalunterhalts durch bäuerliche Selbstorganisation : das Beispiel der OERT im Bewässerungsgebiet des Office du Niger/Mali." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1272/.
Full textSIDIBE, ZOUMANA. "Contraintes pedologiques a la production de canne a sucre dans le perimetre de dougabougou, office du niger, mali." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INAPA013.
Full textDougnon, Isaïe. "Travail de Blanc, travail de Noir : la migration des paysans dogon vers l'Office du Niger et au Ghana : 1910-1980 /." Paris : Amsterdam : Éd. Karthala ; SEPHIS, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40976084s.
Full textContient des éléments de l'enquête. Bibliogr. p. 259-264. Index.
Barry, Dienabou [Verfasser], Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] Frey, Marc [Gutachter] Frey, Corinna [Gutachter] Unger, and Julia [Gutachter] Tischler. "Women in Rural Development: The Case Study of the Office du Niger in Mali, 1960-2010 / Dienabou Barry ; Gutachter: Marc Frey, Corinna Unger, Julia Tischler ; Betreuer: Marc Frey." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230136762/34.
Full textJamin, Jean-Yves. "De la norme à la diversité : L'intensification rizicole face à la diversité paysanne dans les périmètres irrigués de l'Office du Niger (Mali)." Phd thesis, Institut national agronomique paris-grignon - INA P-G, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408411.
Full textCette diversité des réponses nous a conduit à nous interroger sur la diversité des fonctionnements des exploitations agricoles. Celle-ci a été analysée dans une démarche "systèmes de production" prenant en compte aussi bien le riz que les activités non-rizicoles, mais aussi dans une démarche de "recherche-développement" associant étroitement les cadres du développement aux travaux entrepris.
La typologie élaborée met en évidence l'importance des composantes non rizicoles des systèmes de production dans le fonctionnement global de ceux-ci, mais aussi la sensibilité des exploitations de l'Office du Niger aux aléas extérieurs. Les suivis de parcelles effectués montrent que cette diversité des fonctionnements a des conséquences sur la conduite des rizières, puisque l'on retrouve à ce niveau une assez forte variabilité des pratiques culturales. A partir de là, des recherches plus techniques ont été entreprises pour répondre aux problèmes identifiés, avec le souci d'élaborer des références susceptibles de valoriser la diversité des exploitations agricoles et utilisables facilement par des conseillers agricoles.
La typologie n'est pas restée un outil de description de la réalité, elle a pu être utilisée pour définir des actions prenant en compte la diversité des exploitations. Pour les recherches techniques, elle a conduit à mettre l'accent sur la mise au point de modèles d'intensification différenciés, plus souples. Pour le conseil technique rizicole, elle a permis de moduler les conseils en fonction des objectifs et des contraintes des différents types d'exploitations. Elle a aussi permis, en montrant l'importance des activités non-rizicoles dans le fonctionnement de certains types d'exploitations, de développer un conseil sur le maraîchage et l'élevage, auparavant négligés. Enfin, elle fournit aux décideurs politiques et financiers des éléments sur les mesures à prendre en matière de réhabilitation des casiers, de réattribution foncière, d'aménagement de l'espace, d'intégration sociale et d'organisation des producteurs.
Adésir-Schilling, Michèle. "L'herbe, le poisson et le riz : transformation des paysages et dynamiques paysannes dans le Kotiya (Delta central du Niger, Mali)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010577.
Full textSince 1968, persistent water deficits severely reduced the flood plains and natural resource base of the inland delta of Niger in Mali. In the Kotiya, a region situated in the heart of this complex watershed, the extended drought has had tremendous effects on the agricultural landscape, as witnessed by the underlying socio-economic changes. In this region of low population density, natural resources have traditionally been shared between the bozo fisherman and the transhumant fulani herdsmen. Despite deteriorating climatic conditions, inhabitants of the kotiya were able to take advantage of reduced flooding levels to develop a substantial rice-based agricultural system. The continuation of sufficient flooding attracted neighboring populations who were forced to migrate from nearby droughtafflicted regions and resettle in the kotiya. Interested by the ample natural resources still available, these settlers created new areas of resettlement in the kotiya referred to as daaka. These changes resulted in increased competition for the scarce natural resources and limited space which led to land disputes between herdsmen and agriculturists. As a result, ethnic conflicts have begun to pose serious questions concerning the future of herding activity in the region. Within this context of exceptional variability and change, affected populations were obliged to adapt by changing their socio-economic activities and their allocation of natural resources. Data from this system were collected, integrated, analyzed and compiled into a geographic information system (gis). The gis was found to be an efficient tool providing insight into the complex nature of the relation between man, space and time in the inland delta of Niger in Mali
Hess, Sigrid. "Methodologische Untersuchungen zur Veränderung sahelischer Überschwemmungsgebiete mittels Fernerkundung Fallbeispiel Nigerbinnendelta (Mali) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2003/0036/diss.pdf.
Full textMomboisse, Benoît. "Analyse fractale du paysage latéritique : évolution géochimique et morphologique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13243.
Full textHuet, Jean-Christophe. "Les habitats perchés dans la boucle du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040348.
Full textThe Bandiagara plateau and Gourma mounts were used as a refuge by dogon and sonrai populations fleeing plains insecurity. The villages are sometimes fortified and noteworthy for their troglodytic dwellings the habitation is the spatial expression of the social structure whose foundation is the minimal lineage. The social life is encapsulated in a complex symbolic system. A village bush dichotomy is the base of space conceptualization. Progression through life is associated with residence moves toward the village center where the village square express the power of gerontocracy
Roberts, Richard L. "Warriors, merchants and slaves : the state and the economy in the Middle Niger valley, 1700-1914 /." Stanford : Calif. : Stanford university press, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349459438.
Full textCunningham, Jerimy J. "Household vessel exchange and consumption in the Inland Niger Delta of Mali : an ethnoarchaeological study." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85900.
Full textBousquet, François. "Des milieux, des poissons, des hommes : étude par simulations multi-agents : le cas de la pêche dans le delta central du Niger." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10058.
Full textStarace, Gregory. "Disparity in democracies a comparative case study of Mali and Niger." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5021.
Full textIn order to understand variation in post-transition levels of democracy, this thesis undertakes a comparative case study of Mali and Niger. Despite similarities, Mali had substantially more success with democratization than Niger. This thesis employs a detailed process tracing of the decisions of political and civil society leaders in Mali and Niger at critical junctures when democratic institutions were put to the test to evaluate the empirical validity of existing explanations. It seeks to validate (or invalidate) the causal mechanisms linking political culture and democratic success. The evidence however, suggests something different. There is a remarkable parallel in the behavior of political and civil actors in the two countries, which invalidates the hypotheses. The most likely alternative explanation is the role of key individuals. The analysis indicates that "good guys" in Mali may have had a part in encouraging the forthright application of the rule of law, as they accepted rulings that ran counter to their agendas, whereas "bad guys" in Niger who, to varying degrees, engaged in actions that were arguably illegal,l as they ran counter to the respective Niger constitutions, may have had a part in encouraging the abandonment of the rule of law.
Postma, William (William Henry) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "NGO partnership and institutional development: case studies from Mali and Niger." Ottawa, 1992.
Find full textYahaya, Mahamane. "L'impact de l'aide publique au développement sur les politiques publiques des pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas du Niger et du Mali : réflexion sur l'analyse des politiques des bailleurs de fonds dans les domaines de la santé et de l'éducation." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_yahaya_m.pdf.
Full textThe post world war’s II reconstruction plan for Europe known as Marshall’s Plan, was the inspiration in establishing public aid for development which, in turn, was set up to assist developing countries. Niger and Mali are part of the poorest group in South Saharan countries benefiting from this system. As a result of this aid program, these countries had hoped to overcome their extreme poverty but, after half a century of assistance, and co-incidentally, fifty years of political independence, these countries have fallen deeper into a state of extreme poverty. Different initiatives beginning with the structural adjustment program which was to aid in the liberal forms of government and an opening of markets, have been a dismal failure. At the same time, paradoxically, these countries have shown a statistical pattern of continuing steady growth although, in reality, poverty has become more ingrained and widespread instead of decreasing. Those governing these nations (trading capital) use this data in order to justify the maintenance of their political and economic system. Why then are the levels of growth and developments at odds in the case of the PAD (public aid for development)? As a reaction to this failure, the donor nations initiated a strategy of poverty reduction with the direct intention at attaining the millenni objectives for development. The place of education and health are at the heart of eight main points. In the political sections of both areas we are interested in, the quantitative has been privileged to the detriment of the qualitative. The thesis aims at seeing in what these strategies differentiate from these in the SAP (structural adjustment program), and indeed what will the results be in the short or medium term. On the one hand, the political system of the PAD (aid for development), its usefulness for security, strategic and geopolitical reasons, cast a doubt on its neutrality and its professed desire to assist these countries to overcome their poverty. On the other hand, responsible aid giving, coupled with responsible political leaders, who are not part of the take or leave it system, can contribute to developing the social and economic future of these countries
Batti, Ahmed. "Etude spatio-temporelle par télédection du cycle crue-decrue dans le delta central du fleuve du Niger (Mali) : méthode des ondelettes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GE04.
Full textDiallo, Ousmane Alpha. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des écosystèmes des mares du Delta central du Niger, au Mali." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010522.
Full textPicouet, Cécile. "Géodynamique d'un hydrosystème tropical peu anthropisé : le bassin supérieur du Niger et son delta inférieur." Montpellier 2, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006189.
Full textReuterswärd, Fanny. "Dyadic Conflict and the State Apparatus : A study of Mali and Niger." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295394.
Full textTRAORE, GAOUSSOU. "CONTRIBUTION TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CENTRAL DELTA OF NIGER RIVER IN MALI." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188018.
Full textAdamczewski-Hertzog, Amandine. "Qui prendra ma terre ? : l'office du Niger, des investissements internationaux aux arrangements fonciers locaux." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30011/document.
Full textWho will take my land? The Office du Niger, international investments to local tenure arrangements.The 2008 global food crisis led to a wide dynamic of large scale investments in agriculture. In West Africa, the Office du Niger (ON) irrigation scheme is a significant example of such a dynamic of investment in agriculture. 45,000 family farmers grow rice on 100,000 hectares where they have never obtained property rights. Facing low national investment capacity and a significant decrease in the international development assistance, the Malian State launched an appeal to investors to reach the objective defined in the early 1930’s of one million hectares developed for irrigation. Investors were national or foreign investors from the private or public sectors. The State defined new rules to make their access to land easier. The risk of land grabbing linked to the arrival of new investors gave the signal for a rush to access to land in which different actors: investors, farmers, national or local officers, used informal arrangements.This research shows that these arrangements are historically rooted in the evolution of land management in the ON area. The main methodological contribution of this research is that arrangements are analyzed as a process that enables the different actors to adapt to binding rules, and finally to achieve their objectives. Three types of arrangements are described: cooperative arrangements, neo-customary arrangements, and speculative arrangements. By analyzing stakeholders’ games, this research highlights the importance of the actors’ positions and the socio-political context as key factors in the creation of new land arrangements
Chauzal, Grégory. "Les règles de l'exception : la régulation (du) politique au Mali et au Niger." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604128.
Full textBaudais, Virginie. "L'institutionnalisation de l'Etat en Afrique : les trajectoires comparées du Mali et du Niger." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10015.
Full textThis thesis aims at exploring the process of institutionalization of the state in Mali and Niger. The state in Africa has often been studied through the paradigm of institutional import, anchored to European history. In this piece of work, it is argued that the state , as it can be discovered in Mali and Niger, is hybrid, and originated from a sedimentation process, encompassing the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods. Thus, alongside the import phenomenon that is not being denied, this work strives to underline both continuity and break phenomena. The state in Africa was constructed, and is still being constructed, in an extrovert way, meaning we have into account external as well as internal logics involved in the Institutionalization process. However, this process is not linear and also includes strong phases of deinstitutionalization (militarization of power, authoritarian regimes crisis) which, paradoxically, are also part of the process. The point is thus to study, through the new institutionalism perspective, how the institutions emerge, change and/or remain. The state today shapes its own context and structures the actor's choice. We will particulary see, through the study of institution practice, how the past institutional experience still constraint the choices and possibilities. Institutionalization must then be seen as a process of creation and adaptation, conferring the state southern of Sahara a hybrid character
Chauzal, Grégory. "Les règles de l’exception : la régulation (du) politique au Mali et au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40013/document.
Full textWhereas oversized coalitions successfully stabilized the Malian political path, the recurrentmilitary Coups in Niger (1996, 1999 and 2010) focused more on the politico-praetorianwonderings and their consequences for the transitional process. Then, the political and militarymodes of administration in Mali and Niger question: (i) the role of history, strategic resources andpolitical strategies in defining the institutional means of regulation; (ii) the general contextsshaping the “logics and mythologies” of interaction and defining the well-suited models ofpolitical control. This work will more specifically aim at understanding the strategic“decompartmentalization” which, first, orders the mobilization of objectivised and valorisedresources, then allows oversized groupings (post-transitional coalitions in Mali, “transectorial” orpolitico-military collusions in Niger) and finally reassure the political trajectories of those Stateswithin uncertain conjunctures
Ouedraogo, Bourahima. "Recherches archéologiques dans le delta intérieur du Niger : archéologie et environnement d'un site religieux à l'époque des empires : Natamatao (Mali)." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010516.
Full textKeita, Kô. "Un milieu en évolution du Mali : La haute vallée du Niger et du Sankarani." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL084.
Full textThe general tendency to the increasing of the temperatures and the decreasing of the pluviometry, the deteriorating of soils and vegetal cover show how the physical aspect of the Sankarani and upper Niger valley in Mali is damaged. The building of the selingue dam in that area has allowed hydroelectric generation, irrigated farming and an experimention of a new kind of fishing. These new activities illustrate in the technical field the development of our surroundings from which the success of the rural growth operations takes into consideration the total perception of local communities environment
Djoudou, Mahamane. "L' apport des données topographiques dans les systèmes d'informations géographiques appliquées aux zones humides : le cas des régions lacustres rive gauche du delta intérieur du Niger (D.I.N.) au Mali." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010689.
Full textMariko, Adama. "Caractérisation et suivi de la dynamique de l'inondation et du couvert végétal dans le Delta intérieur du Niger (Mali) par télédétection." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20182.
Full textBa, Aminata. "L'introduction des medias modernes au sein de sociétés de l'oralité (Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal)." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20015.
Full textIn the early sixties, when most of the African states became independent, it was believed that the advent of new information technologies would give opportunities to developping countries. The main objective was the eradication of illiteracy by the means of modern communication technologies, such as educative television and rural broadcasting. At present results, look disapointing. During the introduction of these technologies, which were not really adapted for developing countries, the social and cultural realities of these countries as well as the impact of oral transmittance were ignored. Today, the link between oral transmittance and modern media is to be evaluated differently when considering urban or rural areas. The complementarity between the two communication systems functions in the urban areas because oral aspects (proverbs, tales. . . ) Persist in urban communities. In the rural areas, imported media are often percieved as belonging to the entertainment sector and this for two main reasons : - the high illiteracy rates, which encourage the traditional forms of knowledge acquirement, - the inadequate infrastructure that hampers development of communication facilities. The multiple consequences of this are : growing disparity between the urban area and the country side, unequal development of communication facilities and an increase of the communication gap between citizens from the same country. This situation creates a society in which, part of the citizens can develop a worlwide view while others have only access to a restricted choice of information channels
Gourcy, Laurence. "Fonctionnement hydrogéochimique de la cuvette lacustre du fleuve Niger (Mali) : bilans et suivi des flux hydriques, particulaires et dissous et des flux de méthane." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112466.
Full textDiallo, Drissa. "Erosion des sols en zone soudanienne du Mali : transfert des matériaux érodés dans le bassin versant de Djitiko (Haut-Niger)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10142.
Full textDe, La Croix Kevin. "Les Territoires-temps des communautés de pêcheurs bozo et somono sur le Niger supérieur (Guinée, Mali)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100117/document.
Full textThe characteristics of a given space, its potentials and restrictions, vary according to the social groups which live or travel there. The knowledge of a territory - i.e. a space dedicated to a specified activity loaded with identity - requires to clarify the complex relationship between social groups and time, which is a data as little homogeneous as the space it refers to. It is not a time only historical or calendar, but a time which could be called geographical since it much contributes to characterize the territory it is related to: hence this suggested notion of "territory-time".The aim is to study the relationship between Time and Territory, based on the Somono and Bozo communities' fishing activity in the rarely studied region of the Upper Niger. The 600 km field of research extends from the Baro village, on the Niandan River in Guinea, an exceptional pond fishing location, to the city of Ségou in Mali, at the entrance of the inner delta. In both rural and urban contexts particularly in Bamako this study reveals the control of river and lake waters which leads to specific forms of individual and collective fishing organisations.Four main components, variable and alternate, will be singled out: spatial inscription, fishing practises and techniques, authority systems, and finally symbolic and religious relationships. As reciprocal scales to measure and build time and space, they lead to several "territories-time" in the Upper Niger area
Westerfield, Brian S. "Decentralization, counterinsurgency and conflict recurrence: a study of the Tuareg uprisings in Mali and Niger." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27919.
Full textArazi, Noemie. "Tracing history in the inland Niger Delta of Mali : archaeology, oral traditions and written sources." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426077.
Full textRenard-Toumi, Agnès. "Mares et plaines alluviales du Niger supérieur et de ses affluents (Guinée, Mali). Hydrodynamique et ressources associées." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30063.
Full textThe study of small lakes and alluvial floodplains of the Upper Niger River and its tributaries reveals the large variety of ways of developing the resources of these areas. The listed hydro-agricultural practices are classified according to their degree of water control, such as the practices of free flooding (Baro) or partially controlled flooding (Office Riz Ségou) as well as the ”gravity irrigation / surface irrigation”, which could be either manual or motorized (motorcycle-pumping of the low valley of Sankarani) or else thanks to a dam (irrigated perimeter of Baguinéda). Most of the listed small lakes are besides the object of spectacular collective peaches. Beyond the nutritional contributions stemming from the fishing of trapped fishes in the low points of the alluvial plains subsequent to the flood recession, these gatherings convey strong and symbolic social, cultural and symbolic values. Interviews and hydrometric measures as well as the depth study of the case of the alluvial floodplain of the Niandan River at Baro, allowed to identify the practices dependent on the river regime. The future realization of the dam of Fomi across the Niandan River in Guinea raises the question of the preservation of the accessibility of the resources - agricultural and fishing – of alluvial floodplains for local communities. The knowledge brought on the current development of the Upper Niger River besides have to allow to anticipate the impacts of such a work. In the light of the experience feedback of the already existing dams in West Africa, the study of the current river management leads to revise the interest of artificial flooding
Sidibe, Mariame. "Une approche sociopolitique de la question des réfugiés dans la crise de l'Etat au Mali : Cas des réfugiés maliens de la région de Tillabéri au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0078/document.
Full textIn 2012, Mali experienced a conflict that was unprecedented even in a string of rebellious movements by the Touareg population since the country’s independence. The ensuing crisis has not yet been resolved. The reconstruction of the state and the return of the displaced and refugee populations of Mali are at the heart of the post-conflict problem. These two issues are related and have affected each other for a long time. The failure and weakness of the Malian state, which was not considered fragile before 2012, is one of the causes of forced migration of northern populations. The crisis since 2012 can be interpreted as the crisis of the Malian state: a crisis of legitimacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. By studying the trajectory of Malian refugees in the camps of Abala and Tabarey-barey in Niger; by decrypting the conditions laid down for their return, we can draw "in hollow" a "need of State" material and symbolic, expressed more or less consciously by the refugees. However, the process of reconstruction of the Malian state, conditioned by the temporality and modalities of the exit from the conflict, shaped by the internal and external power relations, sketches a completely different state reality
Lawel, Chékou Koré. "Rébellion touareg au Niger : approche juridique et politique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D021/document.
Full textTuareg rebellion in Niger : legal and political approach
Bouaré-Trianneau, Kadidia Nianti. "Dynamiques spatiales et mobilités paysannes : les relations agriculture/élevage dans deux terroirs agro-pastoraux du Delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5041.
Full textThe analysis of the relationship agriculture - livestock production in two agro-pastoral lands was carried out according to a systemic approach putting into interaction the areas of agro-pastoral operations. How is the sharing of the same space by two systems of activities performed by various actors? Because of this, the objective of this research is to understanding the relationships between actors by examining the mastery of space, and the practices of each type of player. Based on of qualitative analysis and semi-structured interviews carried out in two agro-pastoral lands, we show in particular that the existing interdependencies between the two systems of production (agriculture and livestock) in the space and the schedule of practices the environment are linked to climatic conditions and to seasons, but also to the power differential between the various actors. With spatial division resulting from the process of decentralization, new actors and elected officials are involved in decision making at the level of villages. Our findings illustrate the complex inner and external interplay of interactions between agriculture and livestock, and how the latter is crystallizing or partially mitigating the issue of sharing space and resources. The history of the settling of the residents and the first division confers on this area a very profound social foundation that regulates the access to and the management of the various resource areas. These analyses indicate a certain permanence of agricultural and pastoral practices but also their adjustment to an administrative and climate change
Thibaud, Bénédicte. "Les milieux sahéliens de l'intérieur de la boucle du Niger : dynamique actuelle des sociétés et des écosystèmes (Mali central)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30056.
Full textNowadays, in mali, the sahelian ecosystems and more precisely the oriental dryland of the inner delta of the niger give prominence to such unstability that the scientific community mentions a state of crisis. The sahelian people, rural for more than 90 per cent, have been affecting since 1970 by a demographic expanding phase, especially the cultivator's group. Unfortunely, the incrisis population's' need can't be provided now. In fact, the 1970 years corresponds with a lock of precipitations so important that the fragile ecosystems have been deteriored. Nowadays, ther is an upset balance between the population and their environnemt; it is the result of actual inadequate survive strategies and it can found expression in great instability between potential environnemt and its exploitation as the case may be. Someties, the degradation is so important that the future of these areas is compromised
Diakite, Mamery. "L'apport de l'image Landsat Thematic Mapper dans la cartographie du delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (mali)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11457.
Full textDiallo, Abdoul. "Participation paysanne et développement rural : le cas de l'Opération Haute Vallée (OHV) du Niger au Mali." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR2017.
Full textSo far, agricultural development has been the priority of the government of mali. Mali created institutions for organizing rural areas with an integrated approach : these are called rural development operations (roo's), of which ohv. Since their inception, the roo's have used various initiatives and strategies to achieve their objectives, mainly food self-sufficiency (cereal production) et cash crop intensification (cotton and tabacco at ohv). Despite these commendable efforts, the goal is not achieved. Agriculture officials encourage the creation of village associations (av's) to facilitate the accomplishment of the objectives. Rural people hope that these village cooperation will be as useful as their traditional associations, kare, sere and ton. Improving this situation calls for, on the one hand, a thorough knowlegge of the traditional structures and the role of their actors, men and women ; and, on the other hand, a better training of farmers to carry out activities to be transfered to their av's : :management, agricultural extension, etc. Functional literacy may contribute to facilitating these changes
Leblon, Anaïs. "La patrimonialisation d'institutions pastorales peules au Mali : le ƴaaral et le degal (Delta intérieur du Niger)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10181.
Full textThe proclamation of the yaaral and degal pastoral institutions (Inner Niger Delta) on the UNESCO’s list of “masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity” is the basis for the study of the forms of appropriation and implementation of international intangible heritage policies. In a context of political decentralization and transformation of agro-pastoral societies, the intersection of contemporary challenges of transhumant pastoralism with the application of a safeguarding program developed according to the new patrimonial standards for the protection of cultural diversity, the involvement of populations and sustainable development, fuels consideration of political practices of tradition and belonging. The interactions between this political and symbolic system of use of the past and ordinary representations and practices of the listed item, sometimes conflicting, reveal power relationships relative to the management of identities and land exploitation, between the Malian State and miscellaneous actors. The intersection and mutual recycling of stereotypes about fulɓe pastoralism mobilized in contradictory strategies at local, national and global scales, produce an original stage for transhumance festivals. Considering the continuum between tradition and heritage, in which heritage would be an extroverted and institutionalized form of tradition, highlights the historical nature of heritagization processes and their inclusion in a long history marked by uses and dynamic reformulations of cultural symbols
Dulucq, Sophie. "La France et les villes d'Afrique noire francophone : quarante ans d'intervention (1945-1985) : approche générale et études de cas : Niamey, Ouagadougou et Bamako." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070005.
Full textSince 1945 france has modernized and equipped the french-speaking cities of black africa. French public investments did not stop flowing in when colonial territories became independant. Bilateral cooperation was set up in 1960 to take over the programmes of assistance to the cities of the ex-empire which was launched after ww2. The fact that french intervention lasted so long has contributed to shaping original urban spaces in which the network of dependancies between former colonies and metropolis is still visible. A global approach of this phenomenon, both in its forms and machanisms, is followed by a detailed analysis of three particular examples in the sahel : those of niamey; bamako and ouagadougou
Cervesato, Carlotta. "Office du Niger e Progetto Gezira: da progetti di affermazione coloniale a nuove territorialità." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422607.
Full textLa ricerca svolta ha posto il suo focus principale sul legame tra i progetti irrigui e il territorio nell’area Saheliano-Sudanese, e nello specifico sul capire quanto i progetti irrigui abbiano creato territorio e quanto questo possa effettivamente portare ad una creazione di processi di sviluppo locale nell’area considerata,. Per la stesura della tesi sono stati scelti come casi studio due grandi progetti irrigui dell’area Saheliano-Sudanese, il Progetto Gezira in Sudan e l’Office du Niger in Mali; entrambi progetti molto estesi, presentano caratteristiche interessanti per uno studio comparativo dell’evoluzione del territorio inserita all’interno del processo di territorializzazione idraulica. Dopo aver messo a fuoco i concetti fondamentali necessari per affrontare un’analisi completa delle dinamiche territoriali, si è potuto svolgere due brevi missioni sul campo nei mesi di dicembre 2010 in Sudan e in novembre-dicembre 2011 in Mali. Lo scopo delle missioni è stato quello di avere una mappatura più dettagliata delle dinamiche attoriali sul territorio in corso in questo momento, capirne i processi che hanno portato allo stato attuale delle cose e analizzarne le caratteristiche secondo gli apporti teorici della territorializzazione e della territorialità. È nella parte finale della trattazione che si mettono in relazione il quadro teorico e le nuove territorialità dell’Office du Niger e del Progetto Gezira, analizzando i risultati territoriali del processo di territorializzazione idraulica secondo i paradigmi della sostenibilità territoriale (che si articola in economica, sociale, politica e ambientale).
Williams, Ashley Lauren. "WATER QUALITY AND WATERBORNE DISEASE ALONG THE NIGER RIVER, MALI: A STUDY OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND RESPONSE." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01142010-090011/.
Full textSavadogo, Boukary. "Confréries et pouvoirs : la Tījānīyya Hamāwiyya en Afrique occidentale (Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger) : 1909-1965." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10019.
Full textThe shaykh Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdallah, also known under the name shaykh Lakhdar was the initiator of the eleven jawaharatu-l-kamali prayer of the tijaniyya muslim group at nioro du Sahel in the former french Sudan. That was in 1909. This singular branch of the tijaniyya is also linked to the name of the shaykh Hamahoullah or Hamallah who was the follower and the successor of the shaykh Lakhdar. From the political point of view, the emergence of the hamawiyya or hamallisme, squares with the setting up of the colonial administration after the conquest, and from the religious point of view, to the end of the jihad and the acceptance of the colonial situation by many muslim leaders. The refusal by the shaykh Hamahoullah of a colonial compromise and the activities of the hamawi, placed the tijaniyya hamawiyya in a warring situation against the french administration between 1925 and 1948. Following a conflict between several moorish tribes in the nioro and assaba districts in august 1940, the colonial administration took the advantage to put down the hamawiyya. This resulted in the confinement of the hamawiyya top leaders in various african prisons and in the death in prison in january 1943 of Hamahoullah. However, the hamawi took the advantage of the decolonization process in the late 1940s with the creation of political parties to develop new prospects and move towards the urban centres. In the post-colonial states, the attitude of tijaniyya hamawiyya zealots is devided between the reconciliation with the national umma and a rigid moralist position which would give it the image of a fundamentalist sect
Niandou, Souley Abdoulaye. "Crise des autoritarismes militaires et renouveau politique en Afrique de l'ouest : étude comparative Bénin, Mali, Niger, Togo." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D019.
Full textThe political evolution in a number of states in post-colonial africa is marked by the military regimes taking over from the civilian governments that, where set up after independence. Even though some devolpentalist theories supported the idea that the army was the only body capable of modernization in a context where development seems to be at a standstill, it does not take long to notice that this assertion is not confirmed by the facts. Military regimes turned out to be of the same nature as their civilian predecessors : politically authoritarian and economically unproductive. The increasing scarcity of public ressources and the recent changes in the international environment have challenged these predatory and freedom-suppressing authoritarianisms. Indeed, since 1990, does the african continent experience a wave of democratic claims which forces the rulers to grant political openings. Multiparty-system is established everywhere and competitive elections are organized. The democratic transition which is taking place in africa is experiencing various ways (revision of the constitution, national conference), and it will find many hurdles on its path. But it is too early to judge negatively the experiences under way
Williams, Ashley Lauren. "Water quality and waterborne disease along the Niger River, Mali a study of local knowledge and response /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01142010-090011.
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