Journal articles: 'Mali. Office du Niger'

1

Brondeau, Florence. "Agro-business assailing irrigated lands in the Office du Niger area (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 20, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2011.0472.

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Bélières, Jean-François, Théa Hilhorst, Demba Kébé, Manda Sadio Keïta, Souleymane Keïta, and Oumar Sanogo. "Irrigation and poverty: The case of the Office du Niger in Mali." Cahiers Agricultures 20, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2011.0473.

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Camara, Bakary. "THE DYNAMICS OF LAND TENURE SYSTEMS IN THE NIGER BASIN, MALI." Africa 83, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000721.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines, through different processes of changing land use and land tenure, the various types of formal and informal contractual relations existing in two areas of the Niger Basin in southern Mali that are dominated economically by two parastatal companies: Compagnie Malienne pour le Développement du Textile (CMDT) and Office du Niger (ON). The article shows how the production interventions of these two companies shape the framework of land administration in the Niger Basin and the context in which customary relations operate, and lead to the commodification of land relations. It traces the various routes, contracts and arrangements through which people gain access to agricultural land. Besides describing the various transactions in land and contractual relationships, the article also analyses land leasing, sharecropping and various other ways of gaining secondary rights through prestations and loans. Finally, it describes the various land conflicts, the actors involved in making various claims on land and claims to land administration, and the institutions and institutional pluralism that emerge in conflict resolution. The article links these to the increasing commodification of land and agriculture, and the domination of policy by economic liberalism.

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Samaké, Salimatou, Diakaridia Traoré, Oumarou Goita, Soungalo Sarra, Sognan Dao, Bakaye Doumbia, and Hamadoun Babana Amadou. "Genetic diversity of rice yellow mottle virus from Niger Office and Selingue Development Rural Office in Mali." Journal of General and Molecular Virology 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jgmv2018.0072.

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5

Diawara, Mamadou. "DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE NORMS: THE OFFICE DU NIGER AND DECENTRALIZATION IN FRENCH SUDAN AND MALI." Africa 81, no. 3 (July 22, 2011): 434–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000210.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the historical roots of decentralization, a policy which is presented in the development world as the miracle cure to Third World evils. The text is based on the current literature on the topic as well as field research carried out in Mali in the Office du Niger region, which, already in the colonial period, represented a particular decentralization challenge. It offers a critical perspective on the concept of decentralization, which some trace back to the Middle Ages, and examines colonial experiences. How can the Malian state, inherited from the colonial state, decentralize everything whilst adopting the policy according to which the lands of the central delta of the Niger have been state-owned property since 1935? The aim is to show the analogy between problems encountered by the French colonial state and those that plague the Malian post-colonial state, whilst guarding against the sirens of a false authenticity reeking of neo-traditionalism.

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Adamczewski, Amandine, Thomas Hertzog, Jean Yves Jamin, and Jean Philippe Tonneau. "Competition for irrigated land: inequitable land management in the Office du Niger (Mali)." International Journal of Sustainable Development 18, no. 3 (2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2015.070237.

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Bendix, Daniel. "Ein ewiges Hin und Her." Vertreibung durch Entwicklungsprojekte 39, no. 2-2019 (August 26, 2019): 264–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/peripherie.v39i2.07.

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Dieser Beitrag untersucht bäuerlichen Widerstand gegen Vertreibung durch Landgrabbing in dem zu Zeiten der französischen Kolonialherrschaft gegründeten Entwicklungsprojekt Office du Niger in Mali. In dem analysierten Fall handelt es sich um eine fast zehn Jahre andauernde Auseinandersetzung zwischen Kleinbäuerinnen und -bauern und einem malischen Großunternehmer um landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Flächen. Es werden drei Strategien kleinbäuerlichen Widerstands identifiziert (kollektives Vorgehen, Anrufung des Staates, nationale und internationale Allianzen) und deren Möglichkeiten und Beschränkungen diskutiert. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass der Kampf um Rückgabe des entzogenen Landes bzw. für umfassende Kompensation bislang erfolglos war, weil zum einen keine Einigkeit zwischen den Akteur*innen des Widerstands besteht und zum anderen die Verwaltungsbehörde Office du Niger wie ein „listiger“ Staat im Staat agiert. Erfolgreich ist der Widerstand hingegen insofern, als er immer noch andauert, wobei insbesondere transnationale Allianzbildung und die Adressierung von „Gebern“ wie der Afrikanischen Entwicklungsbank und dem BMZ Wirkung zeigt.

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Adamczewski, Amandine, Jean-Philippe Tonneau, Yacouba Coulibaly, and Jean-Yves Jamin. "Concessions de terres et dynamiques sociales dans la zone office du Niger au Mali." Études rurales, no. 191 (July 16, 2013): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.9762.

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9

Ballo, Mamadou, Nathaniel S. Olutegbe, and Adegbenga E. Adekoya. "Welfare status of rice farming household in office du Niger Segou Region of Mali." Journal of Agricultural Extension 22, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v22i3.7.

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10

Adamczewski, Amandine, Jean-Yves Jamin, Perrine Burnod, El Hadj Boutout Ly, and Jean-Philippe Tonneau. "Land, water, and capital: Investments or land grabbing in the Office du Niger area (Mali)?" Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2012.0601.

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11

Roudart, Laurence, and Benoît Dave. "Land policy, family farms, food production and livelihoods in the Office du Niger area, Mali." Land Use Policy 60 (January 2017): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.029.

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12

Diaraba Keita, Zoumana, Germán Santacruz de León, and Julio Cámara-Córdova. "THE OFFICE DU NIGER: BETWEEN COOPERATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HYDRO-AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN MALI." Textual, no. 73 (June 28, 2019): 179–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.textual.2018.73.11.

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13

Roudart, Laurence, and Benoît Dave. "Minimum areas for economic viability of family rice farms in the Office du Niger area (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 5 (September 2013): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2013.0654.

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14

Balié, Jean, Alban Mas Aparisi, Hélène Gourichon, Lamissa Diakité, and Fatoumata Diallo. "Analysis of incentives to rice production in the area of the Office du Niger in Mali." Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 5 (September 2013): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2013.0655.

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15

SOGOBA, NAFOMON, YÉYA T. TOURÉ, SEYDOU DOUMBIA, THOMAS SMITH, PENELOPE VOUNATSOU, MAGARAN BAGAYOKO, MAHAMADOU B. TOURÉ, IBRAHIM M. SISSOKO, and SEKOU F. TRAORE. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS IN THE RICE CULTIVATION AREA OF OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.1009.

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16

Vandersypen, K., B. Verbist, A. C. T. Keita, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Linking Performance and Collective Action—the Case of the Office du Niger Irrigation Scheme in Mali." Water Resources Management 23, no. 1 (April 19, 2008): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9269-1.

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17

Vandersypen, K., A. C. T. Keita, K. Kaloga, Y. Coulibaly, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Sustainability of farmers' organization of water management in the Office du Niger irrigation scheme in Mali." Irrigation and Drainage 55, no. 1 (2006): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.215.

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18

Sidibé, Yoro, and Timothy O. Williams. "Agricultural land investments and water management in the Office du Niger, Mali: options for improved water pricing." Water International 41, no. 5 (June 29, 2016): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1178900.

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19

Vandersypen, K., A. C. T. Keita, B. Coulibaly, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Drainage problems in the rice schemes of the Office du Niger (Mali) in relation to water management." Agricultural Water Management 89, no. 1-2 (April 2007): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.12.006.

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20

Zwart, Sander J., and Lucie M. C. Leclert. "A remote sensing-based irrigation performance assessment: a case study of the Office du Niger in Mali." Irrigation Science 28, no. 5 (November 14, 2009): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-009-0199-3.

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21

Koné, Yénizié, Betty Wampfler, and Jean-François Bélières. "Contribution des institutions de micro financement à l'agriculture familiale dans la zone de l'Office du Niger au Mali. (Contribution of microcredit institutions to family farming in the Niger office area of Mali)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 86, no. 2 (2009): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2009.2670.

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22

Brondeau, Florence. "Des périmètres irrigués saheliens à la recherche d'une nécessaire intégration régionale : exemple du Macina (Office du Niger, Mali)." Cahiers d'outre-mer 54, no. 215 (2001): 249–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.2001.3815.

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23

Vandersypen, K., L. Bastiaens, A. Traoré, B. Diakon, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Farmers' motivation for collective action in irrigation: a statistical approach applied to the Office du Niger in Mali." Irrigation and Drainage 57, no. 2 (2008): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.355.

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24

Hertzog, T., J. C. Poussin, B. Tangara, and J. Y. Jamin. "Participatory foresight to address long-term issues in a large irrigation scheme. An example in Office du Niger, Mali." Land Use Policy 64 (May 2017): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.043.

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25

Becker, Laurence C. "An early experiment in the reorganisation of agricultural production in the French Soudan (Mali), 1920–40." Africa 64, no. 3 (July 1994): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160787.

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Water control has long appeared an attractive technological solution to risky farming i n zones dependent on rain-fed cropping systems, especially in semi-arid regions. From the early twentieth century, European technicians and administrators sought to develop irrigated agriculture in African colonies. In the French Soudan the earliest colonial waterworks date back to the 1920s, just outside Bamako, in the vicinity of Baguineda. From Baguineda the French went on to develop a much larger-scale irrigation project north of Segou known as the Office du Niger. This study uses archival documents to show that a new system of crop production was imposed on peasants by the colonial state. Using labour requisitions and in some cases forced resettlement, the colony introduced new crops and technology for rapid intensification, and in so doing organised a new agricultural system oriented primarily towards the market. The Baguineda project began as, and remained, an enclave, spatially distinct from the surrounding dryland grain and pulse cropping system oriented primarily towards lineage reproduction. In common with many subsequent introduced agricultural development projects in Africa, its lack of success was due in part to the conflicting interests of poor peasant workers and powerful foreign promoters.

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26

Soumano, Lassine, and Mamoudou Traoré. "Contribution of an innovation platform to change the management of collective irrigation: a case study from the Office du Niger (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 26, no. 4 (2017): 45003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2017030.

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27

Vandersypen, Klaartje, Kongotigui Bengaly, Abdoulaye C. T. Keita, Souleymane Sidibe, Dirk Raes, and Jean-Yves Jamin. "Irrigation performance at tertiary level in the rice schemes of the Office du Niger (Mali): Adequate water delivery through over-supply." Agricultural Water Management 83, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.11.003.

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28

Coulibaly, G., M. Diallo, H. Madsen, A. Dabo, M. Traoré, and S. Keita. "Comparison of schistosome transmission in a single- and a double-cropped area in the rice irrigation scheme, ‘Office du Niger’, Mali." Acta Tropica 91, no. 1 (June 2004): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.02.008.

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29

De Clercq, D., M. Sacko, J. Vercruysse, V. vanden Bussche, A. Landoure, A. Diarra, B. Gryseels, and A. Deelder. "Circulating anodic and cathodic antigen in serum and urine of mixed Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infections in Office du Niger, Mali." Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, no. 7 (July 1997): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-354.x.

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30

Tekete, C., S. Cunnac, H. Doucouré, M. Dembele, I. Keita, S. Sarra, K. Dagno, O. Koita, and V. Verdier. "Characterization of New Races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Mali Informs Resistance Gene Deployment." Phytopathology® 110, no. 2 (February 2020): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-19-0070-r.

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Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae represents a severe threat to rice cultivation in Mali. Characterizing the pathotypic diversity of bacterial populations is key to the management of pathogen-resistant varieties. Forty-one X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates were collected between 2010 and 2013 in the major rice growing regions in Mali. All isolates were virulent on the susceptible rice variety Azucena; evaluation of the isolates on 12 near isogenic rice lines, each carrying a single resistance gene, identified six new races (A4 to A9) and confirmed race A3 that was previously reported in Mali. Races A5 and A6, isolated in Office du Niger and Sélingué, were the most prevalent races in Mali. Race A9 was the most virulent, circumventing all of the resistance genes tested. Xa3 controlled six of seven races (i.e., 89% of the isolates tested). The expansion of race A9 represents a major risk to rice cultivation and highlights the urgent need to identify a local source of resistance. We selected 14 isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae representative of the most prevalent races to evaluate 29 rice varieties grown by farmers in Mali. Six isolates showed a high level of resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae and were then screened with a larger collection of isolates. Based on the interactions among the six varieties and the X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates, we characterized eight different pathotypes (P1 to P8). Two rice varieties, SK20-28 and Gigante, effectively controlled all of the isolates tested. The low association observed among races and pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae suggests that the resistance observed in the local rice varieties does not simply rely on single known Xa genes. X. oryzae pv. oryzae is pathogenically and geographically diverse. Both the races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae characterized in this study and the identification of sources of resistance in local rice varieties provide useful information to inform the design of effective breeding programs for resistance to bacterial leaf blight in Mali.

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31

De Clercq, D., M. Sacko, J. Vercruysse, V. vanden Bussche, A. Landouré, A. Diarra, B. Gryseels, and A. Deelder. "Assessment of cure by detection of circulating antigens in serum and urine, following schistosomiasis mass treatment in two villages of the Office du Niger, Mali." Acta Tropica 68, no. 3 (December 1997): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(97)00111-3.

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32

Street-Perrott, F. A., J. F. B. Mitchell, D. S. Marchand, and J. S. Brunner. "Milankovitch and albedo forcing of the tropical monsoons: a comparison of geological evidence and numerical simulations for 9000 yBP." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 81, no. 4 (1990): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300020897.

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ABSTRACTLake-level and palaeoecological evidence from Africa, Arabia and southern Asia for 9000 yBP suggests an intensification and increased poleward penetration of the northern monsoons. The vegetation belts shifted north by 4–6° latitude on the south side of the Sahara. In contrast, the monsoon over southern Africa was weaker than today. Calculations based on the new palaeogeographical map of Mali by Petit-Maire et al. (1988) indicated that the areaaveraged surface albedo decreased by 0·10–0·14 in the zone 16–24°N and that total annual precipitation increased by 150–320 mm north of the inland delta of the Niger (20–24° 15′N). Experiments with atmospheric general-circulation models suggest that this asymmetrical pattern of anomalies in the strength of the tropical monsoons can be explained in broad terms by the different orbital configuration of the Earth at 9000 yBP. Here, we describe a hitherto unpublished sensitivity experiment with the low-resolution (5° × 7·5°) version of the U.K. Meteorological Office 11-layer model, in which the albedo over Africa and Arabia between 15 and 30°N was reduced by between 0·04 and 0·06 to simulate the increase in vegetation cover at 9000 yBP. The results indicate that the surface-albedo change provides a significant positive feedback enhancing the direct climatic effects of Milankovitch forcing in the tropics.

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33

Bwaka, Ado, André Bita, Clément Lingani, Katya Fernandez, Antoine Durupt, Jason M. Mwenda, Richard Mihigo, Mamoudou H. Djingarey, Olivier Ronveaux, and Marie-Pierre Preziosi. "Status of the Rollout of the Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine in African Meningitis Belt Countries in 2018." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (October 31, 2019): S140—S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz336.

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Abstract Background A novel meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV [MenAfriVac]) was developed as part of efforts to prevent frequent meningitis outbreaks in the African meningitis belt. The MACV was first used widely and with great success, beginning in December 2010, during initial deployment in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. Since then, MACV rollout has continued in other countries in the meningitis belt through mass preventive campaigns and, more recently, introduction into routine childhood immunization programs associated with extended catch-up vaccinations. Methods We reviewed country reports on MACV campaigns and routine immunization data reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa from 2010 to 2018, as well as country plans for MACV introduction into routine immunization programs. Results By the end of 2018, 304 894 726 persons in 22 of 26 meningitis belt countries had received MACV through mass preventive campaigns targeting individuals aged 1–29 years. Eight of these countries have introduced MACV into their national routine immunization programs, including 7 with catch-up vaccinations for birth cohorts born after the initial rollout. The Central African Republic introduced MACV into its routine immunization program immediately after the mass 1- to 29-year-old vaccinations in 2017 so no catch-up was needed. Conclusions From 2010 to 2018, successful rollout of MACV has been recorded in 22 countries through mass preventive campaigns followed by introduction into routine immunization programs in 8 of these countries. Efforts continue to complete MACV introduction in the remaining meningitis belt countries to ensure long-term herd protection.

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34

Bertrand, Alain, and Pierre Montagne. "Stratégies énergie domestique et gestion durable des ressources forestières au Niger et au Mali : gestion, domanialité, fiscalité et contrôle forestier." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 301, no. 301 (September 1, 2009): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.301.a20409.

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Les stratégies d'énergie domestique ont été mises en oeuvre à grande échelle au Niger puis au Mali à partir des années 1990. Avec plus d'une décennie de recul, il est possible de dresser un bilan comparatif de la mise en oeuvre de ces stratégies au Niger et au Mali. Ce bilan fait apparaître, audelà des similitudes, des différences fondamentales. L'article se focalise sur les résultats en termes d'aménagement forestier et de gestion durable des ressources ligneuses. Si le bilan est largement positif au Niger, il n'en est pas de même au Mali. Les modalités de la fiscalité forestière et du contrôle forestier expliquent ces différences. Le Niger et le Mali sont donc maintenant confrontés à leurs propres nouveaux défis qui s'avèrent différents. Le Niger doit assurer la généralisation de la gestion forestière par les marchés ruraux. Quant au Mali, il doit reprendre à la base la réforme de la réglementation et de la fiscalité forestières dans le cadre de la décentralisation. (Résumé d'auteur)

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Somé, Anyirékun Fabrice, Issaka Zongo, Issaka Sagara, Alkassoum Ibrahim, Césaire Damien Ahanhanzo, Edoh Eddie Agbanouvi-agassi, Dona Alain Sayi, et al. "Factors Influencing Second and Third Dose Observance during Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC): A Quantitative Study in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090214.

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This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing the adherence to the 2nd and 3rd doses of Amodiaquine (AQ) during seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. Overall, 3132 people were interviewed during surveys between 2019 and 2020 in 15 health districts. In Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, the proportions of non-adherence were 4.15%, 5.60%, and 13.30%, respectively, for the 2nd dose and 3.98%, 5.60% and 14.39% for the 3rd dose. The main cause of non-adherence to the 2nd and 3rd doses was other illnesses in 28.5% and 29.78%, respectively, in Burkina Faso, 5.35% and 5.35% in Mali and 1.6% and 0.75% in Niger. It was followed by vomiting in 12.24% and 10.63% for Burkina and 2.45% and 3.78% in Niger. The last cause was refusal in 6.12% and 4.25% in Burkina, 33.9% and 15.25% in Mali and 0.8% and 1.51% in Niger. Non-adherence of doses related to parents was primarily due to their absence in 28.5% and 27.65% in Burkina, 16.07% and 16.07% in Mali and 7.37% and 6.06% in Niger. Traveling was the second cause related to parents in 12.24% and 12.76% in Burkina, 19.64% and 19.64% in Mali and 0.81% and 0.75% in Niger. Non-adherence related to community distributors was mainly due to missing the doses in 4.08% and 4.25% in Burkina, 23.21% and 23.21% in Mali, 77.04% and 76.51% in Niger. Our study reported very small proportions of non-adherence to 2nd and 3rd doses of SMC and identified the main causes of non-adherence. These findings will provide helpful information for policymakers and public health authorities to improve adherence to SMC

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Falade, Titilayo D. O., Adama Neya, Saïdou Bonkoungou, Karim Dagno, Adamou Basso, Amadou Lamine Senghor, Joseph Atehnkeng, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay. "Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize, Groundnut, and Sorghum Grown in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger and Aflatoxin Exposure Assessment." Toxins 14, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100700.

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Aflatoxin contamination of staple crops by Aspergillus flavus and closely related fungi is common across the Sahel region of Africa. Aflatoxins in maize, groundnut, and sorghum collected at harvest or from farmers’ stores within two weeks of harvest from Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger were quantified. Thereafter, aflatoxin exposure values were assessed using per capita consumption rates of those crops. Mean aflatoxin concentrations in maize were high, 128, 517, and 659 µg/kg in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. The estimated probable daily intake (PDI) of aflatoxins from maize ranged from 6 to 69, 29 to 432, and 310 to 2100 ng/kg bw/day in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. Similarly, mean aflatoxin concentrations in sorghum were high, 76 and 259 µg/kg in Mali and Niger, respectively, with an estimated PDI of 2–133 and 706–2221. For groundnut, mean aflatoxin concentrations were 115, 277, and 628 µg/kg in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. Aflatoxin exposure values were high with an estimated 9, 28, and 126 liver cancer cases/100,000 persons/year in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. Several samples were extremely unsafe, exceeding manyfold regulatory levels of diverse countries (up to 2000 times more). Urgent attention is needed across the Sahel for integrated aflatoxin management for public health protection, food and nutrition security, and access to trade opportunities.

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Lamine, Mahaman Moustapha, Rabia Maman, Abdoul Aziz Maiga, and Ibrahim Maman Laminou. "Genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 and antifolate-resistant genes in Plasmodium falciparum from Mali and Niger." Parasites, Hosts and Diseases 61, no. 4 (November 28, 2023): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/phd.23049.

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Since 2015, countries in the Sahel region have implemented large-scale seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). However, the mass use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine impacts the genetic diversity of malaria parasites and their sensitivity to antimalarials. This study aimed to describe and compare the genetic diversity and SP resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in Mali and Niger. We collected 400 blood samples in Mali and Niger from children aged 3–59 months suspected of malaria. Of them, 201 tested positive (Niger, 111, 55.2%; Mali, 90, 44.8%). Polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) genetic marker showed 201 allotypes. The frequency of the RO33 allotype was significantly higher in Niger (63.6%) than in Mali (39.3%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of the K1 and MAD20 allotypes between the 2 countries. The multiplicity of infection was 2 allotypes per patient in Mali and one allotype per patient in Niger. The prevalence of strains with the triple mutants Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H and Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps437G was 18.1% and 30.2%, respectively, and 7.7% carried the quadruple mutant Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H/Pfdhps437G. Despite the significant genetic diversity of parasite populations, the level of SP resistance was comparable between Mali and Niger. The frequency of mutations conferring resistance to SP still allows its effective use in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women and in SMC.

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Dupuy, Christian. "Protohistoire du Mali et du Niger." Encyclopédie berbère, no. 39 (June 1, 2015): 6529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.3924.

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39

Dalal, Koustuv, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Sourav Mandal, Gainel Ussatayeva, Ming Shinn Lee, and Animesh Biswas. "Adolescent girls’ attitudes toward female genital mutilation: a study in seven African countries." F1000Research 7 (March 20, 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14142.1.

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Background: The study’s aim is to examine adolescent girls’ attitudes toward the continuation or discontinuation of female genital mutilation (FGM) in association with their demographics in seven different countries in Africa. Methods: Data from the women’s survey of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted by the respective ministries (of Health and Family Welfare) in Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Sierra Leone were used. Adolescent girls (15–19 years) were included in the current analysis: Egypt (N=636), Guinea (N=1994), Kenya (N= 1767), Mali (N=2791), Niger (N=1835), Senegal (N=3604), Sierra Leone (N=1237). Results: Prevalence of supporting the continuation of FGM among adolescent girls was in Egypt 58%, Guinea 63%, Kenya 16%, Mali 72%, Niger 3%, Senegal 23%, and Sierra Leone 52%. Being Muslim and having low economic status were significantly associated with supporting the continuation of FGM in five of the participating countries. Girls having no education or only primary education in Guinea, Kenya, Mali and Sierra Leone exhibited a higher likelihood of supporting FGM than girls with secondary or higher education. In Egypt, Niger and Senegal there was no association between education and supporting FGM. The girls who stated that they had no exposure to media showed the higher likelihood of supporting FGM in Guinea, Kenya, and Senegal than those with exposure to media. Conclusions: The current study argues that increasing media coverage and education, and reducing poverty are of importance for shifting adolescent girls’ attitudes in favor of discontinuation of FGM.

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Blanck, Jean Pierre, and Jean L. F. Tricart. "L'Office du Niger, mirage du développement au Mali ?" Annales de Géographie 98, no. 549 (1989): 567–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1989.20928.

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Thom, Derrick J., and John C. Wells. "Farming Systems in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali." Geographical Review 77, no. 3 (July 1987): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214124.

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Larwanou, M., A. Raebild, R. Issa, and E. D. Kjær. "Performance of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd Provenances in Dryland Savannah of Niger." Silvae Genetica 59, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2010): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0025.

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Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 11 Acacia senegal provenances in Niger, West Africa, grown on 2 different soil types. Among the provenances, 6 are from Niger, 4 from Mali and 1 from Sudan. The assessment was carried out with measurements of growth parameters (survival rate, height, diameter and basal area) as well as gum and fruit production at age 15. The results showed significant differences in growth parameters between soil types and provenances. The provenances from Mali perform best, followed by the local Niger provenances. There were no significant differences in gum and fruit production between provenances, but it cannot be excluded that this was a result of limited power in the test of provenance variation in these traits. Survival of the provenances was correlated to the precipitation and the latitude of the origin, whereas basal area was correlated to latitude, and height was correlated to longitude/altitude at the origin. Recommendations could be made for genetic selection of two Mali provenances if growth is a desired character. We conclude that recommendations in terms of gum and fruit production must be based on a relative high number of sample trees as tree to tree variation within provenances may be large.

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Heywood, Emma, and Beatrice Ivey. "The significance of ‘loud’ and ‘quiet’ forms of audience participation to community radio in Niger and Mali." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00099_1.

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Community radio in Mali and Niger represents important hubs through which organized groups (such as listening clubs or associations) access information and participate in broadcasting through active and formalized channels. Drawing on radio listener focus groups conducted in Mali and Niger between 2018 and 2020, this article discusses the importance, to community radio, of ‘loud’ participation (formalized spaces) and ‘quiet’ participation (informal discussion spaces) amongst audiences. We argue that these ‘quiet’ forms of participation are important as they reinforce and support existing networks of solidarity in the community. Community radio stations rarely ‘hear’ listener participation via these informal spaces of discussion – which are more closely associated with women – but they are nonetheless crucial, yet overlooked, alternative forms of audience participation.

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Schmidt, Annette M. "The Pre- and ProtohistoricToguéof the Niger Alluvial Plain, Mali." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010): 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000542.

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The Inland Niger Delta in Mali is scattered with thousands of tell-like dwelling mounds that testify to the rich archaeological heritage of this attractive occupation area. The results of archaeological research suggest an occupation history of more than two millennia in which large urban settlements such as Djenné-Djeno and Dia play a central role. Regional surveys have revealed primary information on the vast rural hinterland of these extensive cities, but little is known about the structure and evolution of this considerable settlement system. The aim of the re-examination of 128 sites in the southern part of the Niger alluvial plain was to obtain an understanding of intersite relations based on sites' chronological, functional, socio-economic, and hierarchical differentiation and their participation in different trade networks. For the research it was crucial to find a method to date the last occupation period of the sites using surface remains. The results of the study emphasise the former occupants' preference for the most elevated landscape units close to fertile pastures, good cultivation grounds, and extensive fishing potential for their settlement sites. The occupants' ability to distribute and exchange agricultural surplus for luxury goods – imported via regional, inter-regional and trans-Saharan trade networks – is impressive, showing that they were able to compete with occupants of the large urban centres. Although the rural sites were much smaller than Djenné-Djeno and Dia, they were well connected. The rural hinterland apparently played an important role in most of the great West African empires. Population densities of the Inland Niger Delta were high for a long time, until the trade routes changed in the 15th century AD and the region became socio-politically unstable. This led to the abandonment of settlements, first around the urban settlements, and later also in the rural hinterland. The present-day occupation of the region is only a poor reflection of its impressive past.

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Coulibaly, Baba. "Pratiques culturelles et rituelles par temps de crise sécuritaire : la pêche collective de Markala, Mali." Mande Studies 25, no. 1 (2023): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00008.

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RESUME: Veine nourricière du Mali, et de nombreux autres pays d’Afrique, le fleuve Niger, qui traverse le territoire du Mali sur une distance de 1700 km, constitue un réservoir naturel et culturel d’une valeur exceptionnelle. Depuis 2012, l’insécurité a perturbé les activités et les pratiques des communautés liées au fleuve, dont la pêche collective, qui ont survécu mais dans des conditions instables. L’article analyse les mécanismes et les conditions d’organisation de la pêche collective dans la localité de Markala sur le fleuve Niger dans la nouvelle situation de crise sécuritaire. À Markala, les « gens de l’eau » (les Bozo et les Somono) jouent un rôle de premier plan dans l’organisation de cet évènement qui crée un espace de réjouissance collective et de cohésion sociale. Depuis la réforme de la décentralisation de 1999, l’organisation des pêches collectives sur le fleuve Niger est devenue un champ politique pour les acteurs locaux aux intérêts parfois contradictoires. Plus récemment, avec l’insécurité, la pêche collective se déroule dans des conditions de plus en plus difficiles qui entrainent une forte implication des forces de sécurité. ABSTRACT: The nourishing vein of Mali as well as numerous other African countries, the Niger River, which spans 1700 km across Mali’s territory, constitutes a natural and cultural reservoir of exceptional value. Since 2012, insecurity has disrupted the activities and practices of communities linked to the river, including collective fishing, which has endured but under unstable conditions. This article analyses the mechanisms and organising conditions of collective fishing in the locality of Markala along the Niger River in the new security crisis. In Markala the “people of the water” (the Bozo and the Somono) play a leading role in organizing this event, creating a space for collective celebration and social cohesion. Since the decentralisation reform of 1999, the organisation of collective fishing on the Niger River has become a political arena for local actors with sometimes conflicting interests. More recently, with the insecurity, collective fishing takes place under increasingly challenging conditions, leading to a significant involvement of security forces.

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Bedaux, Rogier, Kevin MacDonald, Alain Person, Jean Polet, Kléna Sanogo, Annette Schmidt, and Samuel Sidibé. "The Dia archaeological project: rescuing cultural heritage in the Inland Niger Delta (Mali)." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089419.

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Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both the pillage of archaeological sites and illicit trade (ICOM 1995; Bedaux & Rowlands, this volunle). Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inland Delta of the Niger, and has obliged Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this destruction. Within the framework of a long-term Malian-Dutch cultural heritage programme, the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde at Leiden recently initiated large-scale excavations in the Inland Niger Delta at Dia, in close cooperation with the Université du Mali, the Institut des Sciences Humaines and the Musée National du Mali in Bamako, the Mission Culturelle in Djenné, the Universities of Paris I and VI, the C.N.R.S., University College London and Leiden University. This excavation, financed principally by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, started in 1998 and will continue until 2004. It is a continuation of previous international programmes of site survey and documentation in the Inland Niger Delta, which the Institut des Sciences Humaines in Bamako has co-ordinated over the past two decades (e.g. Raimbault & Sanogo 1991; Dembele et al. 1993; Togola 1996). An initial season of prospection was carried out in 1998 in the Inland Delta, following which the vicinity of Dia was chosen as the principal research zone for the project.

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47

Bernus, Edmond. "Être Touareg au Mali." Politique africaine 47, no. 1 (1992): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1992.5589.

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Being a Tuareg in Mali. The regional diversity of Malian Tuaregs is described after a general presentation of their area, common culture, stereotypes. The revolts in the past, as the one of Firboun, the heroe of 1916, and then another one in the Adrar of Iforas in 1963-64 against the government of Modibo Keita are followed by the revolt which has lasted since 1990 in Niger and Mali with warriors of some skill in arms and cars. Attacks and wild repression followed one another in a spiral of violence which leads to a massive exodus of the Tuaregs to Mauritania and South of Algeria. The fall of Moussa Traoré, the pact signed in april 1992, the election of Alpha Oumar Konaré, give great hopes but cannot heal the wounds between the Arabo-Berbers and the other part of the country.

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Brachet, Christophe, Solène Laloux, Soungalo Kone, Arnaud de Bonviller, Bachir Tanimoun, and Blaise Dhont. "Gestion coordonnée des barrages du bassin du Niger." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234602002.

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Le bassin du Niger représente un important potentiel de développement régional, en particulier s’agissant de l’irrigation et de l’hydroélectricité. Un enjeu majeur pour l’Autorité du Bassin du Niger (ABN) et ses neuf États membres est la cohérence globale de l’aménagement du bassin et de sa gestion. Les grands barrages structurants existants sont Sélingué au Mali, Kandadji au Niger, Kainji, Jebba, Shiroro, Dadin Kowa au Nigeria et Lagdo au Cameroun. Les projets en cours sont ceux de Fomi et Taoussa en Guinée et au Mali. L’Annexe 2 à la Charte de l’eau de l’ABN relative au Règlement d’eau pour la gestion coordonnée des barrages structurants a été élaborée en 2019 par le groupement CACG – OIEau – Nodalis - ISL et validée fin 2019 par le Conseil des Ministres de l’ABN. Sa mise en application repose sur une actualisation du modèle d’allocation des ressources en eau de l’ABN et sur un outil de gestion tactique. Outre le recueil des données et l’opérationnalisation des prévisions, les améliorations possibles de la gestion coordonnée des barrages du bassin du Niger concernent en particulier la mise en oeuvre du Comité Technique Permanent de l’ABN, en charge de l’application du Règlement de gestion coordonnée. Plus généralement une organisation institutionnelle cohérente est nécessaire, ainsi qu’une reconnaissance justifiée du rôle de l’ABN.

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Bencherif, Adib. "Political nomadism and the Jihadist ‘Safe Haven’ in northern Mali: an entry point through Tuareg relational political dynamics." Journal of Modern African Studies 61, no. 4 (December 2023): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x2300040x.

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ABSTRACTJihadist groups have found a ‘safe haven’ in northern Mali. They have managed this by operating strategically to establish themselves and to develop relationships with local communities, but characteristics of the environment have also facilitated their development and survival. In northern Mali, the political landscape is fragmented, and replete with competition between the central authority and various groups of local elites, who are themselves divided. I conceptualise this fluid environment as a context that incentivises ‘political nomadism’. Using the Tuareg communities as an entry point, I explore the complex dynamics between local and national political actors and jihadist groups in northern Mali. I argue that the jihadist ‘safe haven’ in northern Mali is highly relational and has been facilitated by the form of political nomadism practiced in the region since the 1990s. The article is based on eight months of fieldwork conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Mali and Niger.

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Arnould, Eric J., and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan. "Les Sociétés Songhay-Zarma (Niger-Mali): Chefs, guerriers, esclaves, paysans." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 1 (1987): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485115.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mali. Office du Niger'

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