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Books on the topic 'Malignant mass'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chong, Ji Y., and Michael P. Lerario. Malignant Edema. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495541.003.0006.

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Large middle cerebral artery (MCA) and cerebellar strokes can cause rapid neurological deterioration and death from edema, mass effect, and herniation. Hemicraniectomy in select patients with malignant MCA syndromes is life-saving, but patients are often left with significant disability. Younger patients may derive the most benefit from hemicraniectomy. Cerebellar strokes can also cause obstructive hydrocephalus, which may exacerbate herniation and brainstem compromise. Surgical decompression through suboccipital craniectomy relieves posterior fossa pressure and reduces mortality in these pati

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2

Govindan, Kalyani. Thyroid Mass Resection. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0045.

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Pediatric thyroid nodules are fairly uncommon. However, thyroid nodules that do exist in the pediatric population are more likely to be of a malignant nature compared to the adult population. Malignancy occurs anywhere from 16% to as high as 26% in pediatrics compared to 5% in the adult population. The thyroid mass poses several concepts to consider. Depending on the size of the mass, potential for discomfort, and respiratory compromise, the anesthesiologist must be able to identify patients who are at risk for cardiopulmonary complications and formulate an acceptable anesthetic plan. This cha

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3

Scheel, John R., and Diana L. Lam. Enhancing Mass on MRI. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0032.

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The ACR BI-RADS Atlas defines a “mass” on MRI as a space-occupying lesion with convex borders. Masses are characterized by their morphology and their internal enhancement characteristics. Mass morphology descriptor categories include shape (oval, round, irregular), margins (circumscribed, irregular, spiculated), and internal enhancement (homogeneous, heterogeneous, rim enhancement, dark internal septations). Suspicious morphology descriptors of MRI masses include irregular shape, irregular or spiculated margins, and heterogeneous internal enhancement. This chapter, appearing in the section on

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4

Kettler, Mark D. Circumscribed Mass: Invasive Cancer. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0018.

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Most invasive breast cancers present as focal asymmetries, areas of architectural distortion, or irregular masses with indistinct or spiculated margins. Some present as round or oval masses with circumscribed margins; however, most round or oval masses have microlobulated, indistinct, or spiculated margins and may be associated with characteristic malignant calcifications. This chapter, appearing in the section on circumscribed mass, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for invasive breast cancers, which can present as circumscri

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5

Woldenberg, Nina, and Melissa M. Joines. Mass in Lactating Female. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0027.

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Timely and accurate diagnosis of a mass in the lactating patient requires comprehensive understanding of the indicated imaging workup. During lactation it is not uncommon for patients to present with a palpable mass that requires evaluation. In patients with a palpable abnormality, diagnostic evaluation should not be delayed due to pregnancy or lactation. In addition, a mass that requires further evaluation may be identified at the time of screening mammography in lactating patients. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key imaging and clinical

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6

Andrejeva, Liva, Jaime L. Geisel, and Malini Harigopal. Spiculated Masses. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0025.

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A spiculated mass is a centrally dense lesion seen on mammography with sharp lines radiating from its margin. The spicules can vary greatly in length, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. In malignant lesions, spicules represent a mixture of tumor cells and fibrosis invading the normal tissue surrounding the lesion. Although a spiculated mass is thought of as a classic finding of malignancy on mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, its differential diagnosis includes benign lesions. However, unless clinical history strongly supports a benign diagnosis, a spiculated mass on any modality ty

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7

Winkler, Nicole S. Nipple Abnormalities. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0045.

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New nipple retraction and new nipple inversion can be secondary to malignancy, post-surgical change, inflammation, or infection. Paget disease of the nipple is characterized by an inflammatory response of the nipple epidermis to malignant cells extending from ductal carcinoma in the lactiferous sinus. A mass arising within the nipple is rare and usually a variant of a papilloma arising in the nipple (nipple adenoma). This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key clinical features, associated imaging findings, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differenti

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8

Durand, Melissa A. Architectural Distortion (Cancer). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0029.

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An architectural distortion (AD) is an alteration of the breast parenchyma, which results in radiating lines or spicules emanating from a point without a distinct mass. It can occur as the primary finding, or it may be an associated feature of a mass, asymmetry, or calcifications. AD is a mammographic finding with a high positive predictive value for malignancy and is a major cause of false-negative screening exams. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, management reco

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9

Elezaby, Mai. Obscured Mass. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0023.

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An obscured mass is a mass with greater than 25% of its margin hidden by surrounding fibroglandular tissue on mammography; hence, it cannot be fully assessed. This term is commonly used when the portion of the margin that is visualized is circumscribed and it usually implies a lower likelihood of malignancy. If the portion of the visualized margin is microlobulated, indistinct, or spiculated, then these descriptors (which are more suspicious) should take precedence over the descriptor of an “obscured margin,” and that mass would have a higher likelihood of malignancy. This chapter, appearing i

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10

Abou-Al-Shaar, Hussam, and Mark A. Mahan. Dumbbell Nerve Sheath Tumors. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0019.

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A dumbbell tumor is a nerve sheath tumor that arises from a spinal nerve in the neural foramen and grows as a dumbbell-shaped mass. The differential diagnosis for a dumbbell tumor includes schwannoma, neurofibroma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and metastases, among others. MR imaging is considered the gold-standard imaging modality for diagnosis of dumbbell tumors. Surgical approaches that are tailored to the individual patient’s case can be utilized. The chapter reviews dumbbell tumors, including a case example and covers the incidence, clinical presentation, imaging features, dec

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11

Winkler, Nicole S. Intracystic/Intraductal Mass. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0046.

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This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key clinical features, associated imaging findings, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for intracystic and intraductal masses. The differential diagnoses of intraductal and intracystic masses are similar, with papilloma the most common cause for both. Therefore, we review descriptive terms for both together, with similar implications and management recommendations. Intracystic masses have a higher association with malignancy than intraductal masses, due in pa

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12

Stocchetti, Nino, and Andrew I. R. Maas. Causes and management of intracranial hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0233.

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Intracranial hypertension may damage the brain in two ways—it causes tissue distortion and herniation, and reduces cerebral perfusion. The many different pathologies that can result in intracranial hypertension include subarachnoid haemorrhage, spontaneous intra-parenchymal haemorrhage, malignant cerebral hemispheric infarction, and acute hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology and specific treatment of intracranial hypertension may be different and depend on aetiology. In patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage a specific focus is on treating secondary hydrocephalus and maintaining adequate cerebra

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13

Lee, Bonmyong. Stereotactic Core Biopsy. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0055.

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Stereotactic biopsy systems utilize angled mammography images and parallax shift to localize and sample a target. The most common indication for stereotactic core biopsy is to sample suspicious/indeterminate calcifications, but it can be used to biopsy any mammographic finding (mass, developing asymmetry, architectural distortion). In benign cases, core biopsy may avoid unnecessary surgery. In malignant cases, core biopsy allows for a pathological diagnosis prior to lumpectomy, and better surgical planning. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical procedures, provid

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14

Salkowski, Lonie R. Mass with Indistinct Margins. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0024.

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Masses described as having indistinct margins lack a clear demarcation of a portion or the entire margin from the surrounding tissues. The indistinctness of the margin raises the possibility of infiltration; therefore, this descriptor implies suspicion for malignancy. “Indistinct” differs from “obscured.” A mass with obscured margins insinuates that the surrounding tissues masks or covers the presence of the lesion. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, an

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15

Trifa, Mehdi, and Candice Burrier. Anesthetic Management of Anterior Mediastinal Masses in Children. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0052.

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The management of children presenting with an anterior mediastinal mass (AMM) is challenging for anesthesiologists. AMMs are a heterogeneous collection of primary or secondary, benign or malignant tumors. Severe and life-threatening complications related to airway obstruction and/or cardiovascular compression can occur in a patient with an AMM during anesthesia, even in an asymptomatic patient. It is important for the anesthesia provider to understand the pathophysiology of symptoms and complications and the current evidence regarding perioperative management of children with AMM. This chapter

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16

Argote-Romero, Graciela. Wilms Tumor. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0041.

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Wilms tumor, known as well as nephroblastoma, is the most common primary malignant renal tumor in children. Over 95% of all renal tumors in patients under the age of 15 are Wilms tumors. The mean age at the time of diagnosis is 3.5 years. Wilms tumors are usually an incidental finding, a large abdominal mass discovered by a family member or pediatrician. Hematuria and hypertension can be present at the time of initial diagnosis. Up to 8% of the patients will have von Willebrand disease; therefore, all patients should have baseline coagulation studies. All patients should have either computed t

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17

Goepel, John. Pathology of testicular tumours. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0091.

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Tumours of the testis are uncommon and are usually germ cell tumours. They present most often as a scrotal mass in a young man, and are the most frequent malignant tumour in this age group. The incidence has risen over recent decades and is higher in Western Europe. A history of testicular maldescent is a significant risk factor. About 50% are pure seminoma; the remainder non-seminomas may have a single but more usually a mixed histology. Non-seminomas are all called teratoma in the British system. Metastasis readily occurs to paraaortic lymph nodes or the lungs, and some patients present with

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18

Glockner, James F., Kazuhiro Kitajima, and Akira Kawashima. Magnetic resonance imaging. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0015_update_001.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent anatomic detail and soft tissue contrast for the evaluation of patients with renal disease. MRI needs longer scan time than computed tomography (CT); however, no radiation is involved. Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are used to help provide additional image contrast during MRI. MRI is indicated for characterization of renal mass, staging of malignant renal neoplasms, and determination of vena cava involvement by the renal tumour. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is widely accepted as a non-invasive imaging work-up of renal artery

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19

Andrade, M. J. Tumours and masses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0022.

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Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography is the first-line diagnostic tool for imaging space-occupying lesions of the heart. Cardiac masses can be classified as tumours, thrombi, vegetations, iatrogenic material, or normal variants. Occasionally, extracardiac masses may compress the heart and create a mass effect. Cardiac masses may be suspected from the clinical presentation. This is the case in patients with an embolic event presumed of cardiac origin or in patients with infective endocarditis. Otherwise, a cardiac mass can be identified during the routine investigation of common,

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20

Andrade, Maria João, Jadranka Separovic Hanzevacki, and Ricardo Ronderos. Cardiac tumours. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0052.

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Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography represent the first-line diagnostic tools for imaging space-occupying lesions of the heart. Cardiac masses can be classified as tumours, thrombi, vegetations, iatrogenic material, or normal variants. Occasionally, extracardiac masses may compress the heart and create a mass effect. Cardiac masses may be suspected from the clinical presentation. This is the case in patients with an embolic event presumed to be of cardiac origin or in patients with infective endocarditis. Otherwise, a cardiac mass can be identified during the routine investigat

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21

Tandon, Teena, and Rajiv Agarwal. Hypertension as a cause of chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0100.

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There is a strong association between hypertension and progressive renal disease, and it has long been assumed that a variable but often large proportion of end-stage renal disease is caused by essential hypertension damaging the kidney. While it is clear that malignant hypertension can cause renal damage, several lines of evidence cast doubt on the idea that more moderate blood pressures are commonly a primary cause of renal disease. These include (a) observational studies showing that microalbuminuria precedes hypertension; (b) morphological studies in animals and man suggest that changes tr

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22

Levesque, Paul H., and Laura Sheiman. One-View Asymmetry. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0013.

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This chapter, appearing in the section “Asymmetry, Mass, and Distortion,” will discuss the presence of tissue asymmetry visualized only on one view. The distribution of fibroglandular tissue is extremely variable and unique from one patient to another; however, in most patients the parenchyma is usually distributed within the breasts symmetrically in a “mirror-image” fashion. Areas of tissue density (asymmetry) may be seen that are only visualized on the craniocaudal (CC) or mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. In the majority of patients, this finding represents superimposed normal tissue, or isl

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23

Winkler, Nicole S. Nipple Discharge. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0044.

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Nipple discharge refers to expressible or spontaneous drainage of fluid from one or more duct orifices of the nipple. Discharge indicates excess fluid secretion into one or more ducts that will drain through an unobstructed duct orifice onto the nipple skin. The fluid content and appearance are important as they have clinical implications. Nipple discharge that is clear or bloody, unilateral (typically uniductal) and spontaneous (fluid discharges without breast or nipple compression) is considered suspicious for malignancy, though most cases are due to benign papillomas. This chapter, appearin

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24

Leite, Cleber Queiroz, Paulo de Tarso dos Santos Júnior, Letícia Carvalho Gonçalves, et al. Cartilha de orientação sobre o câncer infantojuvenil. Brazilian Journals Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35587/brj.ed.0000958.

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O cancer é o nome dado a um grupo de mais de 100 doenças que afetam mecanismo estrutural normal de divisão e morte das células de nosso corpo, de forma que estas passam a se multiplicar de maneira desordenada e excessiva (crescimento malign), podendo, inclusive, espalhar-se por tecidos/órgãos vizinho ou mesmo à distância (metastases). O câncer infanto-juvenil representa cerca de 3% de todas as neoplasias malignas que acometem a população em geral. De acordo com a Agência Internacional de Pesquisa em Câncer (IARC), estima-se que, em crianças menores de 15 anos, existem 215.000 casos novos diagn

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25

Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Avanços Científicos em Medicina 3. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22040500.

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Este livro reúne trabalhos científicos relevantes em Ciências Médicas. Decidiu-se pela divisão em quatro seções: i) área básica; ii) área clínica; iii) medicina diagnóstica; iv) área cirúrgica. Pelo primeiro capítulo são abordados os significativos avanços na qualidade dos conhecimentos acerca da anatomia humana, bem como nas técnicas de preservação dos corpos, nos métodos de estudo e nas formas de intervenção cirúrgicas, permitindo aos profissionais a aquisição de conhecimento, visando a realização de procedimentos cada vez mais seguros, minimamente invasivos e naturalmente, menos danosos aos

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26

Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Avanços Científicos em Medicina 3. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22040500.

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Este livro reúne trabalhos científicos relevantes em Ciências Médicas. Decidiu-se pela divisão em quatro seções: i) área básica; ii) área clínica; iii) medicina diagnóstica; iv) área cirúrgica. Pelo primeiro capítulo são abordados os significativos avanços na qualidade dos conhecimentos acerca da anatomia humana, bem como nas técnicas de preservação dos corpos, nos métodos de estudo e nas formas de intervenção cirúrgicas, permitindo aos profissionais a aquisição de conhecimento, visando a realização de procedimentos cada vez mais seguros, minimamente invasivos e naturalmente, menos danosos aos

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27

Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Avanços Científicos em Medicina 3. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22040500.

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Este livro reúne trabalhos científicos relevantes em Ciências Médicas. Decidiu-se pela divisão em quatro seções: i) área básica; ii) área clínica; iii) medicina diagnóstica; iv) área cirúrgica. Pelo primeiro capítulo são abordados os significativos avanços na qualidade dos conhecimentos acerca da anatomia humana, bem como nas técnicas de preservação dos corpos, nos métodos de estudo e nas formas de intervenção cirúrgicas, permitindo aos profissionais a aquisição de conhecimento, visando a realização de procedimentos cada vez mais seguros, minimamente invasivos e naturalmente, menos danosos aos

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