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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malingering'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Cohn, Miramar Garcia. "Epidemiology of malingering strategies /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9513942.

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2

Minoudis, P. G. "Malingering of cognitive symptoms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444848/.

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Volume 1 is divided into 3 parts as follows: Part 1 (Review Paper) discusses the admissibility of psychometric evidence of cognitive malingering in UK criminal law courts. The paper opens with a historical account of psychologists as expert witnesses, highlighting significant advances relevant to malingering. This sets the context for a discussion about current developments in policy and specifically the creation of a UK standard for the admissibility of scientific evidence. The penultimate section outlines the statistical and methodological issues which challenge the development of empirical cognitive measures of malingering. The paper closes with a discussion of future directions for research and practice in presenting psychological evidence in court. Part 2 (Empirical Paper) reports on a study testing the utility of a battery of measures to identify simulating malingerers from healthy controls and psychiatric inpatients. The battery of measures were chosen for their different approaches to detecting malingerers. An additional qualitative interview was given to the simulating malingerers to investigate the strategies they used to fake the tests. The performance of the test battery was compared to a pre-existing screening tool for malingering. The results were discussed with reference to implications for research and practice. Part 3 (Critical Appraisal) reflects on the process of undertaking the research. It discusses the generalisability of the findings when using a simulating malingering design, the utility of measuring reaction time to detect malingering, difficulties in the recruitment of inpatients, the array of choices in selecting the test battery and the clinical applications of the research.
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3

Liff, Christine D. "The Detection of Neuropsychological Malingering." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4309/.

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The present study compared the responses of a group of simulating malingerers who were offered a monetary incentive to feign symptoms of a head injury, with the responses of head injured groups both with and without litigation, a forensic parole group, and an honest-responding control group. The following six neuropsychological measures were utilized: Rey 15-Item Memory Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Finger Oscillation Test, WAIS-R Neuropsychological Instrument (Vocabulary, Information, and Similarities subtests), Booklet Category Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The statistical concepts of floor effect, performance curve, and magnitude of error were examined. Additionally, the statistical differences in the responses of the five groups were analyzed to determine cutting scores for use in distinguishing malingerers from nonmalingerers.
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4

Bottoms, Jeremy M. "The effect of compensation motives on malingering." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266663.

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Literature suggests rates of malingering differ for persons with compensation motives compared to those without such motives. This study examined whether or not rates of malingering are greater for persons with compensation claims. It was hypothesized that patients with compensation motives would have higher rates of malingering than non-compensation patients do. 2 computerized assessments of response bias were used to determine rates of malingering. No significant differences were found. Possible implications of the research are addressed.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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5

Clayton, Spencer Paul. "Malingering Detection among Accommodation-Seeking University Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2539.

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Universities have increasingly sought to provide accommodative services to students with learning disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in recent decades thereby creating a need for diagnostic batteries designed to evaluate cognitive abilities relevant to academic performance. Given that accommodative services (extended time on tests, alternate test forms, etc.) provide incentive to distort impairment steps should be taken to estimate the rate at which students distort impairment and to evaluate the accuracy with which symptom distortion is identified. In order to address these concerns, the Word-Memory Test, Test of Memory Malingering, and Fake Bad Scale (of the MMPI-2) were compared in terms of their clinical utility in a university sample within a two-part study. In the first portion of the study, an analogue design (which included a control group (n = 29) and an experimental group (n = 30) that was asked to simulate an academic disability) was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each measure. In the second portion of this study, scores were collected for 121 consecutively presenting students who were evaluated for academic difficulty at a large private university. Failure rates on measures of malingering placed the base rate of malingering within this population between 10 and 25 percent. The Word-Memory Test (WMT) demonstrated the most robust sensitivity and specificity. The modest sensitivity of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) can be partially explained by the ease with which the measure is completed by university students as well as the format of its presentation. Although the scores on Fake Bad Scale (FBS) are modestly correlated with group membership (between controls and simulators), its use should be discouraged in this context due to poor sensitivity and to high rates of false positives.
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6

Bybee, Thomas E. "Using the WAIS-IV to Detect Malingering." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2602.

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This study used subtests of the WAIS-IV to detect evidence of malingering. Developing reliable tests for malingering could significantly reduce costs paid to malingering individuals. A within-group known-group design was used. There were 3 known-group conditions. The first group (G1) was instructed to take the tests honestly. The second group (G2) was asked to fake a cognitive disability while taking the tests. The third group (G3) took the tests while undergoing the cold-pressor method (hand immersed in cold water) of inducing pain. Analysis of variance was performed. That analysis appeared to have significant differences; post hock Bonferroni testing was done. The G2 scores were significantly different from the G1 and G3 scores. Dependent variables were participants' group scores on Digit-Span and Block-Design subtests of the WAIS- IV. Independent variables were the testing conditions: honest, malingering or laboratory-induced pain. Outcome variables were the score differences within known-group conditions. The outcome variable score differences in this study supported Digit-Span and Block-Design as tests of mental malingering. Positive social change comes through adding an additional Test of Mental Malingering (TOMM) used to aid in detection of those trying to fake cognitive difficulties based on pain symptoms, reducing the associated costs to members of society paying higher costs for healthcare, and for government paying unnecessary compensation benefits to those who are malingering who do not deserve it.
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7

De, Villiers Vesta Naomi. "Malingering in persons with a diagnosis of depression." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51824.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Malingering is the intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms for personal gain in the context of external incentives. Due to the absence of objective symptoms, depression may represent a relatively attractive option for malingerers. Existing approaches to distinguish between depressive symptoms and possible malingering often use time-consuming psychometric tests or unreliable interview techniques. Short screening tests for malingering may be a practicable alternative and recently South African cut-off scores on tests for malingering were determined for a student sample. The purpose of this study was to establish South African cut-off scores for persons with a diagnosis of depression on screening instruments for malingering. Fifty-one subjects with a diagnosis of depression (measured by the Zung Depression Scale) were randomly ascribed to one of two groups: an experimental group of 25 subjects (instructed to simulate symptoms based on a malingering case scenario) and a control group of 26 subjects (instructed to do their best in the tests). No incentive was provided to the subjects. Each subject completed the 21-item verbal memory forced choice test (FCT), the Rey IS-item test (Rey IS-item), the dot-counting test (DCT), the Word Recognition test (WR) that is part of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Battery (ADAS-Cog) and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). The WR test correctly classified 74.5% of subjects with a sensitivity of 93%. The FCT, with a cut-off of> 15.5, correctly classified 72.5% of subjects. A regression equation was computed by combining the FCT, DCT and SIMS. This correctly classified 74.5% of patients with a sensitivity of 69%. The DCT accurately identified 64% of the malingerers using a cut-off score of> 65.57. The Rey15-item test showed poor results and does not seem to be useful as a screening instrument. The WR test shows promise as a screening instrument for malingering. Combining tests when screening for malingering proved to be an effective way to distinguish between malingering of depressive symptoms and real symptoms. The results of this study will help provide guidelines to mental health workers on how to diagnose malingering in patients with depression more objectively.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Malingering is die opsetlike nabootsing of oordrywing van simptome vir persoonlike gewin in die konteks van eksterne vergoeding. As gevolg van die subjektiewe aard van simptome, kan depressie 'n relatief aantreklike opsie wees wanneer psigiatriese kondisies gesimuleer word. Bestaande maniere om te onderskei tussen werklike depressiewe simptome en moontlike malingering, gebruik tydrowende psigometriese toetse of onbetroubare onderhoudstegnieke. Kort siftingstoetse vir malingering kan 'n praktiese altenatief wees en onlangse Suid-Afrikaanse afsnypunte op toetse vir malingering is bepaal vir 'n studentesteekproef. Die doel van hierdie studie was om Suid-Afrikaanse afsnypunte te verkry vir malingeringstoetse vir mense met 'n diagnose van depressie. Een en vyftig subjekte met 'n diagnose van depressie (gemeet deur die Zung Depressieskaal) is ewekansig toegewys aan een van twee groepe: 'n eksperimentele groep van 25 subjekte (met die opdrag om simptome te simuleer op grond van 'n malingering-scenario) en 'n kontrolegroep van 26 subjekte (met die opdrag om hulle bes te doen in die toetse). Geen vergoeding is aan proefpersone gebied nie. Elke subjek het die 21-item verbal memory forced choice test (FfC), die Rey 15-item test (Rey IS-item), die dot-counting test (DCT), die Word Recognition test (WR) wat deel vorm van die Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Battery (ADAS-Cog) en die Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) voltooi. Die WR het 74.5% van die subjekte korrek geklasifiseer met 'n sensitiwiteit van 93%. Die FCT, met 'n afsnypunt van <15.5, het 72.5% van die subjekte korrek geklassifiseer. 'n Regressie-vergelyking is bereken deur 'n kombinering van die FCT, DCT en SIMS. Dit het 74.5% van die subjekte korrek geklassifiseer met 'n sensitiwiteit van 69%. Die DeT kon 64% van die malingeerders akkuraat identifiseer deur gebruik te maak van 'n afsnypunt van> 65.57. Die Rey IS-item toets het swak resultate getoon en blyk nie bruikbaar te wees as 'n siftingstoets nie. Die WR toon potensiaal as In siftingstoets vir malingering. Die kombinering van toetse wanneer pasiënte gesif word vir malingering blyk 'n effektiewe manier te wees om te onderskei tussen die malingering van depressiewe simptome en werklike simptome. Die resultate van hierdie studie kan help om riglyne te skep vir geestesgesondheidswerkers oor hoe om malingering van depressie meer objektief te diagnoseer.
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8

Guriel, Jennifer L. "Detection of coached malingering of posttraumatic stress disorder." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3324.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-32).
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9

Bender, Scott D. "Feigning Cognitive Deficits on Neuropsychological Evaluations: Multiple Detection Strategies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2734/.

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Individuals undergoing forensic neuropsychological evaluation frequently stand to gain in some manner if neurocognitive dysfunction is diagnosed. As a result, neuropsychologists are customarily asked to test for neurocognitive feigning during the assessment. The current study employed an analogue design with a clinical comparison group to examine the utility of the TOCA (Rogers, 1996) as a measure of feigned neurocognitive impairment. Two groups of simulators (one cautioned about the presence of detection strategies and one not cautioned) were compared to clinical and normal control groups. Fourteen scales were developed based on five detection strategies: symptom validity testing, performance curve, magnitude of error, response time, and floor effect. Each was employed during both verbal and nonverbal tasks. Significant differences were revealed among groups when subjected to ANOVA. Classification rates from subsequent utility estimates and discriminant function analyses on the scales ranged from 58.8% to 100%. Combining strategies yielded a classification rate of 95.7%. The effect of cautioning simulators was modest; however, a trend was noted on some scales for cautioned simulators to appear less obviously impaired than noncautioned. Although the results require crossvalidation, preliminary data suggest that the TOCA is a sensitive and specific measure of feigned neurocognitive performance. Strengths and weaknesses of the study are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.
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10

Suen, Yiu-kwan Edmond. "The detection of simulated malingering using a computerized chinese word priming test." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727455.

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11

Schretlen, David John. "MALINGERING: THE USE OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST BATTERY TO DETECT TWO KINDS OF SIMULATION (FAKING, BENDER-GESTALT, DISSIMULATION, MMPI)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183871.

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Malingering refers to the voluntary production of false or greatly exaggerated symptoms in pursuit of an obviously recognizable goal. Numerous studies have shown the psychological tests can detect persons faking various mental disorders; however, the majority of these are plagued by methodological flaws that seriously limit their validity and generalizability. The present study employed a contrasted-groups design that allowed for a rigorous test of the hypothesis that a battery of psychological tests can detect persons given a financial incentive to fake insanity or mental retardation. In addition to using two tests previously employed in simulation research (MMPI and Bender Gestalt), an instrument whose sole purpose is to differentiate malingerers from genuinely impaired adults was developed for validation in this study. This pen-and-paper test (the Malingering Scale) consists of 90 arithmetic, vocabulary, information and abstraction items, and requires 20 minutes to complete. One hundred male adults were divided into five groups of 20 subjects. Two groups consisted of genuinely impaired subjects (either mentally retarded or psychotic inpatients). The other three groups were drawn from a population of prison inmates. Two of the latter groups were offered a financial incentive for successful simulation of a mental disorder (either mental retardation or "insanity") while the fifth group consisted of inmates controls (answering honestly). The test battery was administered to all subjects and scored by examiners who were naive to the purpose of the study. A series of item analyses established the internal consistency of the Malingering Scale and identified those items which best differentiate malingerers from the genuinely impaired. These items were assembled into scoring keys for subjects faking each condition. All test scores were then entered into a series of discriminant function analyses which confirmed the hypothesis that the battery provided more powerful discrimination of subject groups than any single test. Overall, 84% of the subjects were accurately classified into their respective group, and 96% of subjects were correctly identified as either malingering or not malingering. The most powerful single instrument proved to be the Malingering Scale. Direction for future research, including the necessity for cross validation of the Malingering Scale, were discussed.
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12

Tyner, Elizabeth Ann. "The relation of psychopathic characteristics and malingering of PTSD." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4044.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 89 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-45).
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13

Goodness, Kelly R. "Retrospective Evaluation of Malingering: A Validational Study of the R-SIRS and CT-SIRS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278240/.

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Empirically based methods of detecting retrospective malingering (i.e., the false assertion or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms reportedly experienced during a prior time period) are needed given that retrospective evaluations are commonplace in forensic assessments. This study's main objective was to develop and validate a focused, standardized measure of retrospective malingering. This objective was addressed by revising the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), an established measure of current feigning. The SIRS' strategies were retained and its items modified to produce two new SIRS versions: The Retrospective Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (R-SIRS) and The Concurrent-Time Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (CT-SIRS). Forensic inpatients were used to test the R-SIRS (n = 25) and CT-SIRS (n = 26) which both showed good internal consistency and interrater reliability. The overall effectiveness of the R-SIRS and the CT-SIRS in the classification of malingerers and genuine patients was established in this initial validation study. Moreover, their classification rates were similar to those obtained by the SIRS. Pending additional validation, these measures are expected to increase the quality of forensic evaluations by providing the first standardized methods of assessing retrospective malingering.
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14

Gillard, Nathan D. "Methodological Issues in Malingering Research: The Use of Simulation Designs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33153/.

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The accurate determination of malingering relies on the use of validated and clinically relevant assessment measures. Simulation design is the most often-used research design to accomplish this. However, its external validity is sometimes questioned. The goal of the thesis was to systematically evaluate these major elements: situation, incentives, and coaching. The situation in simulation studies can vary from relevant (academic failure in a college population) to irrelevant (capital murder) for the samples being studied. Incentives refer to the external motivation given to improve simulators' performance and can be positive (extra credit and monetary reward) or negative (extra time and effort). Finally, coaching refers to whether the participant receives any information on detection strategies that are designed to identify feigners. Using a large undergraduate sample in a factorial design, results indicate that a scenario familiar to the participants generally improved the believability of their responses. Coaching also improved the ability to feign convincingly, while incentive type was not associated with any change in scores. The implications of these findings for future research designs and the connection to practice are discussed.
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15

Rees, Laura M. (Laura Marie) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The test of memory malingering; simulation studies and clinical validation." Ottawa, 1996.

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16

Graue, Lili Odom. "DETECTION OF MALINGERED MENTAL RETARDATION." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/396.

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The 2002 Supreme Court decision (Atkins vs. Virginia, 536 U. S. 304), prohibiting the execution of mentally retarded persons, may potentially increase malingering of mental retardation (MR). There is limited research addressing the detection of feigned MR. The present study compared results from tests of intelligence, adaptive functioning, legal/courtroom knowledge, and psychiatric and neurocognitive feigning to determine how effectively these instruments discriminate between MR participants and community volunteers asked to either approach the test honestly (CVH group) or feign, or malinger, MR (CVM group). CVMs suppressed their IQ scores sufficiently to appear MR. CVMs overestimated deficits on individuals with genuine MR on tests of adaptive functioning and courtroom knowledge. Psychiatric feigning instruments did not discriminate between MR and CVM groups. Neurocognitive feigning instruments discriminated between groups, however specificity and Positive Predictive Power were unacceptably low. Revising cutting scores to hold specificity at .95 improved PPP significantly, suggesting the potential utility of these instruments to detect feigned mental retardation. Results from this study suggest that applying published decision rules to MR populations on tests commonly used in forensic neuropsychological evaluations will likely result in a high rate of false positive errors. Given the high stakes associated with classification errors in capital cases involving MR defendants, alternative cutting scores appropriate for this population should be determined.
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17

Scholtz, Brendon P. "Effects of Cautioning and Education in the Detection of Malingered Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5247/.

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This study examined the effectiveness of cautioning and education on simulating a mild traumatic brain injury on several neuropsychological measures. The measures used included the Word Memory Test (WMT), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales® - Third Edition (WAIS®-III), Wechsler Memory Scales®-3rd Edition instrument (WMS®-III), 16-item version of the Rey Memory Test, and a self-report symptom checklist. Five experimental groups were used including clinical and non-clinical controls, as well as three simulation groups. The design and implementation of this study also attempted to correct several methodological short comings of prior research by increasing the incentives for participants, expanding the generalizability of findings and examining research compliance and participant self-perception through debriefing. Discriminant analysis was utilized to determine if specific functions existed that would correctly classify and distinguish each experimental group. Several discriminant functions had at least moderate canonical correlations and good classification accuracy. Results also include utility estimates given projected varying base rates of malingering.
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18

Wooley, Chelsea N. "An Examination of Resnick's Model of Malingering: a Pai Study of Feigned Ptsd." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283796/.

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Malingered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a formidable clinical challenge in personal injury and disability cases because of the apparent ease in feigning PTSD and the supposed link (proximate cause) to the claimed damages. The effective assessment of feigned PTSD is particularly challenging because this diagnosis is both easier to fake than other Axis I disorders and more difficult to detect. As an additional confound, some patients with genuine PTSD produce highly variable, elevated profiles on multiscale inventories that are difficult to distinguish from feigned PTSD. The current study examined whether the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) can effectively differentiate between genuine and feigned PTSD in 109 inpatients from a trauma unit. The two most effective scales were the MAL and the NDS scales. As a primary focus, the current study was the first empirical investigation of Resnick's model of malingered PTSD that is comprised of three subtypes: pure malingering (pure-M), partial malingering (partial-M), and false imputation (false-I). The primary goal was to evaluate whether each feigning group was able to (a) effectively simulate PTSD symptoms and diagnoses and (b) avoid being classified as feigning. The partial-M group proved to be the best feigning group in achieving these two goals. Furthermore, the use of well-defined groups, including an indeterminate band (i.e., unclassified) around each cut score, was explored. Overall, the use of well-defined groups improved accuracy in classification and reduced the number of false-positives.
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19

Pedraza, Otto. "On the latent structure of cognitive malingering a multivariate taxometric analysis /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006261.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.
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Sullivan, Lynne Elaine. "Malingering of head injury on neuropsychological instruments, a meta-analytic review." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ61685.pdf.

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21

Grewe, Jennifer R. "Detecting Malingering in Compensated Low Back Pain Patients: An Analog Study." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/552.

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Given the prevalence and cost of low back pain, particularly among workers' compensation patients, it is advantageous to understand how various psychological constructs may be related to prolonged disability and failure to return to work. Malingering is a psychological construct that is clearly relevant for worker compensation populations and is a construct that is well suited for experimental control within an analog study. Malingering is the intentional exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms that are motivated by external incentives such as time away from work. The ability to detect malingering in such a population with psychological assessments is unclear. An analog study was conducted in which we instructed college students to portray themselves as injured workers who received a back injury that required them to be off work while they recovered. Students were then told that they would be seeing a psychologist who would attempt to ascertain their abilities to return to work via the MMPI-2. Students were then randomly instructed to respond to the MMPI-2 in three different ways: a control condition was instructed to respond as if they suffered a workplace back injury that resulted in significant pain; a subtle fake-bad condition who received the control instruction plus were informed they did not enjoy their work and their back injury allowed them to enjoy personal and family time more; and a fake-bad condition that received the control instruction plus were asked to deliberately portray themselves as experiencing physical symptoms severe enough to keep them off work longer. Currently, no assessment of malingering exists within a compensated low back pain population. The purpose of this study was to determine if the MMPI-2 can be used to differentially identify "patients" who are instructed to report symptoms veridically versus "patients" instructed to consciously feign and magnify symptoms in an effort to avoid returning to work. Malingering and non-malingering patients' scores on the MMPI-2 validity and clinical scales were subjected to a cluster analysis to determine if a malingering profile could be accurately identified. A 5-cluster validity solution and 4-cluster clinical (both with K correction) solution were accepted. Substantially lower scores on L and K, elevated scores on F on the 5-cluster validity solutions, distinguished the "malingering" profile. The 4-cluster clinical solution was characterized by elevated scores on the clinical scales of hypochondriasis, depression, paranoia, and schizophrenia, which distinguished the "malingering" profile. The results indicate that the MMPI-2 could be useful in detecting malingering in compensated back pain patients. Results are discussed in the context of pain studies.
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22

Buddin, William Howard Jr. "The Validity of the Medical Symptom Validity Test in a Mixed Clinical Population." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/15.

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Clinicians have a small number of measurement instruments available to them to assist in the identification of suboptimal effort during an evaluation, which is largely agreed upon as a necessary component in the identification of malingering. Green's Medical Symptom Validity Test is a forced-choice test that was created to assist in the identification of suboptimal effort. The goal of this study was to provide clinical evidence for the validity of the Medical Symptom Validity Test using a large, archival clinical sample. The Test of Memory Malingering and the Medical Symptom Validity Test were compared to assess for level of agreement, and were found to agree in their identification of good or poor effort in approximately 75% of cases, which was lower than expected. Scores from the Medical Symptom Validity Test's effort subtests were tested for differences between adult litigants and clinically referred adults. Scores between these groups were different, and it was found that adult litigants obtained scores that were statistically significantly lower than those in the clinical group. Additionally, children were able to obtain results on the Medical Symptom Validity Test subtests that were equivalent to those of adults. Finally, the Wechlser Memory Scales - Third Edition core memory subtests were assessed for their ability to predict outcomes on the Medical Symptom Validity Test Delayed Recognition subtest. This analysis of the adult litigants and adult clinical groups revealed that, collectively, the predictors explained approximately one-third of the variance in scores on the Delayed Recognition subtest. Outcomes from these hypotheses indicated that the Medical Symptom Validity Test was measuring a construct similar to that of the Test of Memory Malingering. Due to the lower than expected level of agreement between the tests, it is recommended that clinicians use more than one measure of effort, which should increase the reliability of poor effort identification. Due to their lower scores the effort subtests, adults similar to those in the adult litigants group can be expected to perform more poorly than those who are clinically referred. Because effort subtest scores were not affected by cognitive or developmental domains, clinically referred children or adult examinees can be expected to obtain scores above cutoffs, regardless of mean age, IQ, or education. Additionally, an examinee's memory will not impact outcome scores on the effort subtests of the Medical Symptom Validity Test. Further research is needed to understand the Medical Symptom Validity Test's ability to accurately identify poor effort with minimal false positives, examine the impact of reading ability on effort subtests, and compare simulators' outcomes to those of a clinical population.
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McClain, Maryellen Chute Douglas L. "Trends in symptom validity, memory and psychological test performance as functions of time and malingering rating /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/380.

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24

Cyr, Derick Glen Adam. "Detecting depression and malingering using response times on the Personality Assessment Inventory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60838.pdf.

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25

Gast, Julianne. "The performance of juvenile delinquents on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM)." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386599469.

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26

Ustad, Karen L. (Karen Lee). "Assessment of Malingering in a Jail Referral Population : Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278712/.

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Psychological assessment of mentally disordered offenders requires a systematic consideration of response styles, including malingering and defensiveness. Important components of these evaluations are standardized diagnostic interviews. However, the ability of offenders to feign mental disorders on such measures to achieve such external incentives as treatment, placement on safer units, or possible release from jail remains uninvestigated. With a known-groups comparison with the data from the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms as a criterion, 24 suspected malingerers were compared to 64 genuine patients on the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), the abbreviated SADS-C, the Suicide Probability Scale, and the Referral Decision Scale.
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27

Greub, Becca L. "The Validity of the Letter Memory Test as a Measure of Memory Malingering: Robustness to Coaching." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108042793.

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28

Isler, William C. (William Charles). "Detection of Malingering on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and the Booklet Category Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279309/.

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The capacity of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) and the Booklet Category Test (BCT) to discriminate between groups of brain-injured, simulated malingering, and normal participants was investigated in this study. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to examine the differences between groups categorized as sophisticated and naive fakers. Clinical decision rules and discriminant function analyses were utilized to identify malingerers. Clinical decision rules ranged in hit rates from 41% to 78%, in sensitivity from 2% to 100%, and in specificity from 86% to 100%. Discriminant functions ranged in hit rates from 81% to 86%, in sensitivity from 68% to 73% and in specificity from 82% to 87%. Overall, the least helpful detection method examined was below chance responding on either measure, while the most efficient was gross errors for SPM.
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29

Messer, Julia Marie. "Validation of the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI) feigning scale and clinical, demographic, and criminal profile differences between probable malingerers and psychiatric inpatients." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5807.

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30

Wallace, Elizabeth R. "CAARS-S:L INFREQUENCY INDEX VALIDATION: A PILOT COMPARISON OF PAPER AND ONLINE ASSESSMENTS." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/126.

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One obstacle to the accurate diagnosis of ADHD in college students is malingering, although many symptom self-report measures do not contain feigning validity scales. The Infrequency Index (CII) for the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale–Self-Report: Long Version (CAARS-S:L) was developed for this purpose, although further validation of the index is needed. Another topic of interest in ADHD malingering research is the increasing use of online assessments. Little is known about how ADHD is malingered in an online format, particularly on the CAARS-S:L. The current study aims to integrate these strands of research by examining the utility of the CII in detecting feigning and the effect of administration format on CAARS-S:L profiles. Data from 139 (27 diagnosed with ADHD, 46 without ADHD responding honestly, and 66 without ADHD instructed to feign) students were analyzed. Seventy-five completed the CAARS-S:L on paper, and 64 completed the assessment online. The clinical and feigning groups produced statistically similar elevations on seven of eight CAARS-S:L clinical scales. Administration format did not have a significant effect on the clinical scales or CII. The CII demonstrated 36% sensitivity and 85% specificity at the recommended cut score across administration formats. Specificity reached desirable levels at raised cut scores.
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31

Loser, Nichole M. "Malingering Detection Measure Utility and Concordance in a University Accommodation-Seeking Student Population." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3668.

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According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, universities and colleges are required to provide accommodative services for students with disabilities. Many studies have examined the role of malingering mental health symptoms in order to obtain psychotropic medications, but very little research has been done on the role of accommodations as secondary gain in students who may malinger learning disabilities. This study sought to examine both the usefulness of implementing specific malingering detection measures in psychological evaluations with university students and the agreement of those measures within the population. Archival data was gathered from a university accommodation clinic that provided free psychological evaluations for consecutively presenting students (N=121). Four malingering detection measures were used: the Test of Memory and Malingering (TOMM), the Word Memory Test (WMT), the WAIS Digit Span (DS) and two cut scores for the MMPI-2 F Scale (F Scale 80 and F Scale 95). Scores for these four malingering detection measures were compared in terms of their agreement rates, their classification rates (at a 10% malingering base rate recommendation), and their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive powers using both the TOMM and WMT independently as diagnostic criterion. A qualitative examination of the data revealed that different combinations of measures did classify some of the same respondents as malingering. Results indicated that each of these four measures share the ability to detect malingering in its different forms and have similar classification rates. Although the TOMM and WMT likely provide overlapping information, the pragmatic implementation of one of these measures may assist in the evaluation of suspected malingering with accommodation-seeking students.
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32

Tardif, Hilarie P. "Electrophysiological and behavioural indices of simulated recognition memory impairment." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20040917.144100/index.html.

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33

Gelder, Barbara C. "The efficacy of a neuropsychological symptom inventory in the differential diagnosis of medical, psychiatric, and malingering patients." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159140.

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Neuropsychologists are increasingly asked to determine whether a patient may be malingering symptoms of a mild closed head injury. This issue is particularly salient within the context of civil litigation and the potential of significant financial awards. Patients' performances on neuropsychological tests have historically been assumed to accurately reflect their abilities and deficits. Optimal motivation and performance cannot be automatically assumed within the context of litigation. Moreover, comorbid anxiety and depression are frequently present in head injury patients and adversely affect the patient's performance.The frequent comorbidity of psychiatric and medical symptoms complicates interpretation of a patient's neuropsychological evaluation whether or not the patient is involved in litigation. This comorbidity may result in an inaccurate diagnosis, thus delaying treatment potentially causing greater harm to the patient.The present study was conducted to expand previous research that discriminated between simulated malingered and neurological patient responses to a neuropsychological self-report inventory. Additionally, the study investigated the, utility of the Neuropsychological Symptom Inventory in discriminating between simulated medical, psychiatric and malingered patient responses. Results indicated that the NSI was able to discriminate malingered responses from medical and psychiatric patient responses. However, applying a lie scale derived from previous research with the NSI did not allow discrimination between the malingered group and the psychiatric patients. Use of a factor solution derived from earlier research may offer not only greater prediction in detection of malingerers, but also evaluation of symptom profiles of medical and psychiatric patients. The NSI may provide an efficient screen for exaggerated symptoms as well as an indication of the level of general neuropsychological functioning of the patient when included in a neuropsychological evaluation.
Department of Educational Psychology
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34

Heinly, Matthew T. "Language Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury While Controlling for Effort." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/610.

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The present study included three traumatic brain injury (TBI) groups (good effort mild TBI, poor effort mild TBI, and good effort moderate/severe TBI) and two neurologic control groups (dementia and unilateral left hemisphere stroke). Language impairment was examined using the following measures: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III Verbal Comprehension Index and the Vocabulary, Similarities, Information, and Comprehension subtests; the Boston Naming Test; the Phonemic and Semantic cue conditions of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test; the Auditory Comprehension subtest of the Cognistat; Wide Range Achievement Test-3 Reading subtest; and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. When effort was controlled, there was a significant effect of injury severity on language impairment. Poor effort and diagnosable malingering were responsible for most of the neuropsychological test evidence of language impairment in mild TBI.
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35

Correa, Amor Alicia. "An Investigation of Malingering and Defensiveness Using the Spanish Pai Among Spanish-speaking Hispanic American Outpatients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283782/.

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For response styles, malingering describes the deliberate production of feigned symptoms by persons seeking external gain such as financial compensation, exemption from duty, or leniency from the criminal justice system. In contradistinction, defensiveness occurs when patients attempt to downplay their symptoms of psychological impairment. Both of the aforementioned response styles can markedly affect the accuracy of diagnosis, especially on self-reports, such as multiscale inventories. As an important oversight, no studies have been conducted to examine the effect of culturally specific response styles on profile validity and the classification of malingering among Hispanic American clinical populations. The current study investigated whether the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) effectively distinguished between Spanish-speaking outpatient groups randomly assigned to honest, feigning, and defensive experimental conditions. In examining the results, PAI malingering indicators utilizing Rare Symptoms strategies (NIM and MAL) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, Spanish PAI indicators also demonstrated moderate to very large effect sizes (M d = 1.27; range from 0.94 to 1.68). Regarding psychometric properties, Spanish PAI validity scales, provide adequate to good data on reliability and discriminant validity. Clinical utility of the Spanish PAI increases as different cut scores are employed.
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36

Larson, Samuel W. "The Assessment of Malingering by Proxy in the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with the Conners 3." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1443.

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To date there has been limited empirical exploration of the utility of behavior report form’s embedded symptom validity scales. The purpose of this study was to address this by examining the Conners - Third Edition (Conners 3) Parent Report Form’s ability to detect purposeful exaggeration of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in an effort to obtain a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This was accomplished by using a malingering simulation experimental design whereby a group of parents, whose children did not have a diagnosis of ADHD, were entreated to simulate symptoms of ADHD on the Conners 3. Their simulated reports were then compared to the responses of parents whose children had a diagnosis of ADHD, as well as to the Conners 3’s normative sample. Results indicate that simulators, provided with information easily obtained from the internet and minimal coaching, were largely able to fabricate profiles indicative of ADHD. Furthermore, they were able to accomplish this ADHD without raising concern regarding the validity of the report based upon the Conners 3’s embedded symptom validity scales. While simulators did produce significantly more severe symptom elevations compared to the ADHD comparison group, their profiles were not so extreme as to aid in discriminating over-reporting. The ramification of these findings in the context of the need for stand-alone symptom validity testing is discussed.
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37

Overton, Shada Elisabeth. "Assessing the Accuracy in Identifying Malingering by Location, Assessment Tools, and Qualifications of the Assessor." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10976196.

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A diagnosis of malingering is a method by which a defendant is sentenced to serve his/her sentence at a forensic psychiatric facility instead of general population. Malingering as a means to commute a sentence has grown exponentially with the last few decades. There has become a need to develop additional assessment tools to evaluate whether or not a defendant is malingering. The problem that has arisen, even with additional assessment tools available, is that malingering in the forensic setting has not decreased. It was therefore the purpose of this quantitative study to examine three components that may have an impact on an accurate diagnosis of malingering. The three components are the location of the assessment, the combination of administered assessment tools, and whether or not the education and experience in the field of the assessors impacts the accurate diagnosis of malingering. The participants in this study were adults credentialed by the Department of Children and Families (DCF) of Florida to administer a Competent to Stand Trial (CST) assessment, specifically in Dade, Broward, and Duval counties. The research for the study was conducted using the survey method by Email. The data was analyzed by ANOVA, correlation, and MANOVA methodology. One component was to determine if the administration of assessment tools differs between 3 counties in South Florida. The results of this question in the study found that there is not a significant difference between the assessment tools administered in Dade, Broward, and Duval counties. The next question was whether or not the combination of assessment tools impacted an accurate diagnosis of malingering. The results of this question found that there is no correlation between the combination of assessment tools and an accurate diagnosis of malingering. The last question in this study was whether or not the education and experience in the field impacted an accurate diagnosis of malingering. The findings revealed that there is no relationship in the level of education and experience in the field that leads to a diagnosis of malingering.

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38

Correa, Amor Alicia. "Validation of the Spanish SIRS: Beyond Linguistic Equivalence in the Assessment of Malingering among Spanish Speaking Clinical Populations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30448/.

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Malingering is the deliberate production of feigned symptoms by a person seeking external gain such as: financial compensation, exemption from duty, or leniency from the criminal justice system. The Test Translation and Adaptation Guidelines developed by the International Test Commission (ITC) specify that only tests which have been formally translated into another language and validated should be available for use in clinical practice. Thus, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS). Using a simulation design with 80 Spanish-speaking Hispanic American outpatients, the Spanish SIRS was produced reliable results with small standard errors of measurement (SEM). Regarding discriminant validity, very large effect sizes (mean Cohen's d = 2.00) were observed between feigners and honest responders for the SIRS primary scales. Research limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
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39

Vagnini, Victoria Louise. "APPLYING REACTION TIME (RT) AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL (ERPS) MEASURES TO DETECT MALINGERED NEUROCOGNITIVE DEFICIT." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/528.

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This study examined the ability of reaction time (RT) and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) to detect malingered neurocognitive deficit (MNCD)in two new tasks compared to the TOMM (N = 47). Honest (HON), malingering (MAL), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) groups were compared on accuracy, RT and ERP measures. Overall, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) accuracy was the most effective at classifying groups (hit rate = 100%). Several non-TOMM accuracy variables and RT variables reached hit rates in the range of 71%-88%. The TOMM RT variable had an unlimited time for participants to respond and was the most successful RT variable compared to the Old/New and Repetition Priming tasks that had a short time limit for participants to respond (approximately 1.5 seconds). The classic old/new effect RT pattern was evident for both the HON and TBI groups with significantly faster RTs for old items compared to new items. A logistic regression was employed to see if a RT and/or ERP variable added any unique prediction power in detecting malingering. The frontal-posterior ERP difference score had unique prediction power to detect malingering when classifying MAL vs. TBI (hit rate = 86%). In the Old/New task, ERP responses of HON produced greater activity in the frontal region compared to the posterior region. The opposite trend was found in TBI (posterior activity andgt; frontal) and MAL showed no significant difference.
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40

Sollman, Myriam Jessica. "THE UTILITY OF ADHD-DIAGNOSTIC AND SYMPTOM VALIDITY MEASURES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESPONSE DISTORTION: A CLINICALLY-ENHANCED SIMULATION STUDY." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/634.

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This study evaluated the efficacy of various attention-related, neuropsychological, and symptom validity measures in the detection of feigned ADHD in an undergraduate sample. Performance was compared between a group of presumed normal students (HON), a group of diagnostically "clean" ADHD students asked to respond to the best of their ability (ADHD), and a group of motivated, coached feigners (FGN). Feigners were educated about symptoms and characteristics of ADHD, provided with a scenario to help them relate to the plight of a student who might seek diagnosis, admonition to feign believably, and a significant monetary incentive for "successful feigning" ($45). They were not forewarned about the specific types of tests they would take nor alerted to the presence of malingering detection instruments. Results illustrated that the ADHD symptom-report measures, though sensitive to ADHD, were quite susceptible to faking. The ARS and CAARS—S:L (using a stringent cut score of four or more scale elevations) were successfully faked by 80% and 67% of students, respectively. The Conners CPT, in contrast to those measures, had both limited sensitivity to ADHD and specificity for FGN in this sample. Very high specificity and moderate sensitivity were noted for symptom validity measures across the board, translating into high positive predictive values. Binary logistic regression results indicate that the TOMM Trial 1 coupled with the DMT, LMT, or NV-MSVT may be used to identify feigners with high predictive accuracy.
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41

Bubp, Corby A. "The effects of role playing and coaching on the ability to simulate a traumatic brain injury profile on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2nd edition (MMPI-2)." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1301629.

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42

Payne, Joshua W. "Assessment of Feigning with the Trauma Symptom Inventory: Development and Validation of new Validity Scales with Severely Traumatized Patients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68030/.

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Currently, only the TSI assesses complex traumatic reactions and patient response styles. However, its feigning scale, ATR, uses a flawed detection strategy and is potentially confounded by experiences of complex PTSD. As a consequence, clinicians using the TSI to evaluate severely traumatized patients have no useful method for discriminating genuine and feigned responding. Several detection strategies have demonstrated utility within evaluations of feigned trauma including the assessment of rare symptoms, symptom combinations, symptom selectivity, and symptom severity. The current study created scales on the TSI according to these strategies using a development sample of 107 severely traumatized patients. Validation of all TSI feigning scales was then performed with a second independent sample of 71 severely traumatized patients using a mixed simulation design. Results found support for each scale's convergent validity with SIRS primary scales (M rs = .52) and discriminant validity with measures of defensiveness on the SIRS (M rs = -.07) and TSI (M rs = -.19). Each scale also produced expectedly mild to moderate relationships with SADS-C clinical scales (M rs = .32) and the SCID-IV PTSD module (M rs = -.02). Support for their criterion validity was only moderate (M ds = .69) when comparing the scores of genuine patients to those simulating disability. Potential explanations for this trend were reviewed, including (a) the impact of comorbidity, (b) the restrictions associated with creating embedded feigning scales, and (c) the influence of simulator knowledge in analogue designs. Limitations of the study and future avenues of research were discussed.
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43

Strunk, Julia M. "Detecting malingered posttraumatic stress disorder using the Morel Emotional Numbing Test-Revised (MENT-R) and the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3868.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 62 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-44 ).
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44

Reese, Caitlin S. "The Implicit Artificial Grammar Task: Preliminary Evaluation of its Potential for Detection of Noncredible Effort/Malingering." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406763394.

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45

Humphrey, Nicole. "The Performance of Individuals with Intellectual Disability on the Test of Memory Malingering and the b Test." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1559860686097716.

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46

Clegg, Carl B. "Utility of the structured inventory of malingered symptomatology (SIMS) and the assessment of depression inventory (ADI) in screening for malingering among disability seeking outpatients." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5256.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 29 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-26).
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47

Smotherman, Jesse. "Assessment of Feigned Neurocognitive Impairment in Retired Athletes in a Monetarily Incentivized Forensic Setting." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707383/.

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Compromised validity of test data due to exaggeration or fabrication of cognitive deficits inhibits the capacity to establish appropriate conclusions and recommendations in neuropsychological examinations. Detection of feigned neurocognitive impairment presents a formidable challenge, particularly for evaluations involving possibilities of significant secondary gain. Among specific populations examined in this domain, litigating mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) samples are among the most researched. One subpopulation with potential to contribute significantly to this body of literature is that of retired athletes undergoing fixed-battery neuropsychological evaluations within an assessment program. Given the considerable prevalence of concussions sustained by athletes in this sport and the substantial monetary incentives within this program, a unique opportunity exists to establish rates of feigning within this population to be compared to similar forensic mTBI samples. Further, a fixed battery with multiple validity tests (VT) offers a chance to evaluate the classification accuracy of an aggregated VT failure paradigm, as uncertainty abounds regarding the optimal approach to the recommended use of multiple VTs for effort assessment. The current study seeks to examine rates of feigned neurocognitive impairment in this population, demonstrate prediction accuracy equivalence between models based on aggregated VT failures and logistic regression, and compare classification performance of various individual VTs.
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48

Bryant, Kirk Robert. "The Traumatic Events Inventory: A Preliminary Investigation of a New PTSD Questionaire." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1241721502.

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49

Springman, Rachael E. "The detection of malingering on measures of competency to stand trial a study of coached and uncoached simulators /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2007. http://etd.umsl.edu/r2621.

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50

McBride, Daniel S. "Lie to Me: Malingered Depression on the MMPI-2." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/684.

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The Malingered Depression Scale (Md Scale; Steffan, Clopton, & Morgan, 2003) was recently developed for use with the MMPI-2 in attempts to distinguish individuals with genuine symptoms of depression from individuals who feign depression on the test. With respect to the Md scale, a relative lack of research and mixed findings regarding its utility are problematic; therefore, these issues were explored. The predictive and incremental validity of the Md scale were tested in this study to determine if use of the Md scale conferred a distinct predictive advantage over standard validity scales (e.g. F, FB, FP) in the differentiation between participants instructed to feign depression and participants who, prior to taking the MMPI-2, endorsed a significant number of depressive symptoms on a self-report measure. The Md scale demonstrated predictive and incremental validity in this study in distinguishing the two groups; however several limitations arose regarding use of the Md scale, most notably conceptual clarity within participant groups and problems regarding the use of cut scores.
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