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Journal articles on the topic 'Mallaha'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Savatier, François. "Les appeaux natoufiens d’Eynan-Mallaha." Pour la Science N° 550 – août, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.550.0010.

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2

Valla, François. "Aspects du sol de l'abri 131 de Mallaha (Eynan)." Paléorient 14, no. 2 (1988): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1988.4475.

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3

Mahklouf, Mohammed Hadi, and Fathi G. Al-Sghair. "Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya." American Journal of Life Science Researches 4, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/ajlsr-040401.

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4

Bocquentin, Fanny, Pascal Sellier, and Pascal Murail. "Abrasion dentaire et travail spécialisé dans la population natoufienne de Mallaha (Israël)." Comptes Rendus Palevol 4, no. 4 (June 2005): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2005.01.002.

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5

Richter, Tobias. "Les Abris Du Natoufien Final De Eynan-Mallaha, Israel. Organisation Spatiale et interpretation fonctionnelle (Buildings of the Final Natufian of Eynan-Mallaha, Israel. Spatial Organisation and Functional Interpretation)." Levant 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2020.1745471.

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6

Aboud, Essam, Ahmed Salem, and Keisuke Ushijima. "Structural imaging of Esh El-Mallaha area, Gulf of Suez, Egypt Using Euler Method." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2004, no. 1 (December 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2004ab001.

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7

Bocquentin, Fanny, Pascal Sellier, and Pascal Murail. "La population natoufienne de Mallaha (Eynan, Israël) : dénombrement, âge au décès et recrutement funéraire." Paléorient 27, no. 1 (2001): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2001.4722.

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8

Haklay, Gil, and Avi Gopher. "A New Look at Shelter 131/51 in the Natufian Site of Eynan (Ain-Mallaha), Israel." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2015): e0130121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130121.

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9

Biton, Rebecca, Salvador Bailon, Michal Birkenfeld, Anne Bridault, Hamoudi Khalaily, François R. Valla, and Rivka Rabinovich. "The anurans and squamates assemblage from Final Natufian Eynan (Ain Mallaha, Israel) with an emphasis on snake-human interactions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247283.

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During the Natufian period, more than 12,000 years ago, Eynan (Ain Mallaha) was an important human settlement in the Hula Valley, Israel. This study concentrates on the anuran and squamate assemblage from the ultimate stage of the Natufian period at the site, the Final Natufian. Over five thousand bones assigned to at least sixteen taxa were studied from a sampled segment of the excavated open-air site. Relative species abundance, spatial distribution, taphonomic observations and ecological considerations all pointed to the conclusion that the inhabitants of Eynan intensively exploited three large “colubrine” snakes species: the Large Whip Snake (Dolichophis jugularis), the Eastern Montpellier Snake (Malpolon insignitus) and an Eastern Four-lined Ratsnake (Elaphe cf. sauromates). These snakes were the most desired and were intensively gathered, while other snakes and lizards could have been opportunistically collected when encountered. We raise questions about whether the large “colubrines” exploitation should be interpreted as additional evidence of increasing diet breadth. We suggest challenging this line of reasoning and offer possible alternative motives.
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10

Sarhan, Mohammad, Mohamed Wady, Ehab Assal, and Mohamed Raia. "Oil potentialities of West Esh El-Mallaha area, southern Gulf of Suez as deduced from well log data interpretation." Scientific Journal for Damietta Faculty of Science 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjdfs.2023.224186.1122.

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11

Weissbrod, Lior, Fiona B. Marshall, François R. Valla, Hamoudi Khalaily, Guy Bar-Oz, Jean-Christophe Auffray, Jean-Denis Vigne, and Thomas Cucchi. "Origins of house mice in ecological niches created by settled hunter-gatherers in the Levant 15,000 y ago." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 16 (March 27, 2017): 4099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619137114.

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Reductions in hunter-gatherer mobility during the Late Pleistocene influenced settlement ecologies, altered human relations with animal communities, and played a pivotal role in domestication. The influence of variability in human mobility on selection dynamics and ecological interactions in human settlements has not been extensively explored, however. This study of mice in modern African villages and changing mice molar shapes in a 200,000-y-long sequence from the Levant demonstrates competitive advantages for commensal mice in long-term settlements. Mice from African pastoral households provide a referential model for habitat partitioning among mice taxa in settlements of varying durations. The data reveal the earliest known commensal niche for house mice in long-term forager settlements 15,000 y ago. Competitive dynamics and the presence and abundance of mice continued to fluctuate with human mobility through the terminal Pleistocene. At the Natufian site of Ain Mallaha, house mice displaced less commensal wild mice during periods of heavy occupational pressure but were outcompeted when mobility increased. Changing food webs and ecological dynamics in long-term settlements allowed house mice to establish durable commensal populations that expanded with human societies. This study demonstrates the changing magnitude of cultural niche construction with varying human mobility and the extent of environmental influence before the advent of farming.
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12

Elhusseiny, Ahmed A. "Integrated Structure and Mineralization Study Using Aero-Magnetic, Aero-Spectrometric and Remote Sensing Data at Esh El-Mallaha Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt." Geomaterials 13, no. 01 (2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gm.2023.131001.

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13

Qobiljon, Akbarov. "Mallahons Reign in the Kokand Khanat." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41397.

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Abstract: The article describes the internal conflicts in the Kokand Khanate in the middle of the 19th century, the coming to power of Mallahona, his internal policy, the struggle against the Bukhara Emirate and the Russian state, his diplomatic relations with the Khiva Khanate. Keywords: Kokand Khanate, Khudoyorkhan, internal clashes, Mallahon, Bukhara Emirate, Russian invasion.
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14

Al-Homoud, Azm S. "Geologic hazards of an embankment dam constructed across a major, active plate boundary fault." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 353–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.6.4.353.

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Abstract The geological structures associated with the site of the 55 million m 3 Karameh embankment dam constructed in the Jordan Valley and the tectonic effects on dam foundation and reservoir margins were reviewed. The dam crosses the strike-slip fault of the Jordan Valley Rift Zone. Trace evidence of the fault indicates a displacement of 8 to 15 m over a rupture length of some 130 km, which probably took place several centuries ago. Earthquakes with Richter magnitudes as great as 7.8 have occurred along the Jordan Valley Fault. Deterministic studies by Tapponnier (1992) indicated that the dam design should incorporate the possibility of a 7.8 event, a maximum horizontal rupture displacement on the fault of 10 m and a design peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.74 g at the site of the dam. These values are consistent with those which would be used in the USA for a similar case. However, the dam was actually designed by a consultant and constructed for a PGA of about a quarter of this value, based on seismic hazard analysis following guidelines of the International Committee on Large Dams (ICOLD) (1989). Moreover, the dam was designed for displacements of 6 m horizontal and 2 m vertically. Liquefiable sand layers were found in the dam foundation. A PGA of 0.50 g will trigger liquefaction of the sand layers in the dam foundation which would be expected to result in a crest settlement of 4.4 m. Slope stability analysis indicated deep failure planes in the foundation zone. The excavation of loose materials from under the dam foundation has not precluded the possibility of liquefaction occurring under the expected earthquake. Field mapping of geological features during the dam foundation excavation and construction revealed that: a) the most likely location of the Jordan Valley fault is in the area where the Wadi Mallaha stream crosses the dam axis, b) zones of en echelon type open fissures have been defined in the laminates sub-parallel to the Jordan Valley Fault Zone, c) at the Wadi Mallaha stream bed a parallel zone of faulting and warping of the Lisan Formation was identified, and d) the alignment is clearly confirmed by the exposure immediately upstream of the core at Ch 1375. The main wrench fault zone crosses the embankment footprint (upstream to downstream approximately) and reaches the surface around Ch 1375. The critical safety elements of the embankment are the core, the downstream fine filter, the chimney drain and the drainage blanket. To resist large earthquake events safely, the following safety measures should be implemented: 1. A freeboard of 7.0 m instead of the 5.0 m constructed. 2. The foundation of the dam should be stabilized against liquefaction. 3. The embankment internal zoning should be designed to accommodate damage resulting from earthquake events with a magnitude of 7.8. 4. The foundation needs relief measures downstream to lower the pore pressure. This paper describes the measures taken during construction as overall defense against future fault movements through a wide plastic core, an extensive upstream blanket, a 5.0-m thick downstream chimney filter and drain zones, a 5-m freeboard and an upstream crack stopper zone which may be critical for normal faults with a lateral extension component. The geological determination of the main wrench fault alignment resulted in the addition of an extra 2-m width to each of the already wide chimney filter and drain zones. In order to reduce potential seepage, local cut-off trenches or slush grouting were used for treatment of any open fissures at the upstream edge of the external blanket and the right bank ridge. The scale and scope of this dam and inherent engineering geological hazards are unprecedented. The design is considered deficient. This paper documents serious safety issues with the dam. The constructed dam presents serious safety risks and represents a case history of a disaster waiting to happen.
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15

Nabawy, Bassem S., Mohammed El-Bialy, Zakaria Hamimi, Hossam A. Khamis, Samar A. Abdel Wahed, Refaat A. Osman, and Adel M. Afify. "Implication of the diagenetic evolution, litho- and microfacies types on the storage capacity of the carbonate rocks in West Esh El Mallaha area, SW onshore Gulf of Suez, Egypt." Journal of African Earth Sciences 204 (August 2023): 104971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104971.

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16

Hasanuddin, NFN. "SITUS NEOLITIK MALLAWA MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN (Suatu Hasil Analisis Keterkaitan antara Artefak dengan Sumber Daya Lingkungan) Neolithic Site at Mallawa Maros of South Sulawesi [A Result of Relevancy Analysis Between The Artefacts and The Environment Resources]." Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v9i1.205.

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The Mallawa is an open site located in the eastern part of Maros, South Sulawesi. The topography of Mallawa site is wavy and took place in a hilly area. Dating of the site using C14 Analysis showed that the site is about 3550 ±130 BP and 2710 ±170 BP and 2281± 46 BP. The point of this site, besides of its plenty artifacts that signifying occupied-densely site of some hills, the site is also located nearby caves of Maros. From the perspective of periodization, Mallawa site relatively younger compared to occupancy period in Maros caves. It is likely to say that the occupancy of Mallawa cave is the further stage in development of past life that characterized by its material culture remains. Several pottery findings possesses various of interesting forms and ornaments. In this research has also found several interesting findings such as pottery fragments, beads and stone artifacts. The excavation brings out more findings then the surficial findings. Through XRD analysis, SEM and also, XRF of the pottery and soil sample shows that Mallawa pottery were made and produced by the Mallawa themselves and the people surrounding based on the fact that the pottery contains the same mineral with the soil that surrounding this site. ABSTRAKMallawa adalah situs terbuka yang terletak di bagian timur Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Topografi situs Mallawa bergelombang dan terletak di daerah perbukitan. Pertanggalan situs dengan menggunakan Analisis C14 menunjukkan bahwa situs ini berumur sekitar 3550 ± 130 BP dan 2710 ± 170 BP dan 2281 ± 46 BP. Bagian penting dari situs ini, selain dari temuan artefak yang menandakan tempat berpenduduk padat di beberapa bukit, situs ini juga terletak di dekat gua-gua Maros. Dari segi periodisasi, situs Mallawa relatif lebih muda dibandingkan dengan masa hunian di gua Maros. Kemungkinan besar dikatakan bahwa hunian situs Mallawa merupakan tahap lanjutan dalam pengembangan kehidupan lampau yang ditandai oleh budaya materialnya. Beberapa temuan gerabah memiliki berbagai bentuk dan ornamen yang menarik. Dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan beberapa temuan menarik seperti fragmen gerabah, manik-manik dan artefak batu. Penggalian tersebut menghasilkan lebih banyak temuan. Melalui analisis XRD, SEM dan juga, XRF dari gerabah dan sampel tanah menunjukkan bahwa gerabah Mallawa dibuat dan diproduksi di Mallawa sendiri berdasarkan fakta bahwa gerabah mengandung mineral yang sama dengan tanah di sekitar lokasi ini.
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17

Mallya, Sanjay, M. "Cyclin D1 in parathyroid disease." Frontiers in Bioscience 5, no. 1 (2000): d367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/mallya.

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18

Hasanuddin, Dr, Drs Bernadeta AKW, Andi Muhammad Syaiful, Lutfi Yondri, Iwan Sumantri, Muhammad Nur, Drs Supriadi, et al. "INTERACTION BETWEEN THE TOALEAN AND AUSTRONESIAN CULTURES IN THE MALLAWA AREA, MAROS DISTRICT, SOUTH SULAWESI." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 44 (December 23, 2020): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v44i0.15675.

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The Mallawa area lies 92 km northeast of Makassar city and 62 km east of Maros township, in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Previous research points to an indigenous population named the Toalean and here we demonstrate its presence in the Mallawa area by around 6500–7000 BP, before the immigration of Neolithic Austronesians at around 3580 BP. Distinctive Toalean artefacts are geometric microliths, blades and Maros points, while distinctive Austronesian artefacts are red-slipped pottery and polished stone artefacts (especially axes and adzes). The purpose of this research is to examine archaeological evidence for contact between the first Austronesians and the Toaleans who already occupied Mallawa. The research method involved survey and excavation. The survey finding was documentation of 11 closed sites (caves) and two open sites. Excavation, undertaken in Liang Uttange 1, indicates Toalean occupation by 7000 cal. BP, followed by the arrival of Austronesian speakers in the Mallawa area who then underwent interaction and adaptation. Their interaction with Toaleans is shown by finds such as earthenware, adzes and distinctive types of shell ornaments (Neolithic Austronesian culture) associated with geometric microliths and Maros points (Toalean culture). This start of this interaction is dated to between circa 3500 and 3200 cal. BP at Liang Uttange 1.Keywords: Mallawa, Austronesian, Toalean, culture contact
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19

Satar, Muhammad. "Peran Lingkungan Kerja Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Kinerja Karyawan BRI Unit Mallawa Cabang Barru." BANCO: Jurnal Manajemen dan Perbankan Syariah 5, no. 2 (November 29, 2023): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/banco.v5i2.6377.

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Lingkungan kerja Efektif berpengaruh penting terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dengan lingkungan kerja yang positif, mengarahkan pada penyelesaian tugas yang lebih baik dan lebih efisien. Tugas dari pimpinan perusahaan harus mempertahankan dan meningkatkan agar lingkungan kerja tetap kondusif agar karyawan dapat bekerja dengan baik dan meningkatkan kualitas kinerjanya di lingkungan kerja yang nyaman. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini antara lain : 1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi lingkungan kerja fisik. 2) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi lingkungan kerja nonfisik. 3) Untuk mengetahui apa peningkatan kualitas kinerja karyawan BRI Unit Mallawa Cabang Barru. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian penelitian lapangan (field research), menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam peneleitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung dari karyawan BRI Unit Mallawa Cabang Barru, sedangkan sumber data sekunder yang peneliti gunakan berupa dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Kondisi lingkungan kerja fisik BRI Unit Mallawa Cabang Barru sudah cukup memadai dilihat berdasasrkan kebersihan, keamanan, penerangan, sirkulasi udara, sarana dan prasarana, tetapi dari segi fasilitas dan alat kantor masih perlu diperhatikan karena berdampak pada efektivitas kinerja karyawan. (2) kondisi lingkungan kerja nonfisik BRI Unit Mallawa Cabang Barru sudah cukup baik dilihat dari kerjasama antara karyawan, hubungan antara sesasama rekan kerja dan hubungan yang baik kepada pimpinan dan bawahan. (3) Peran lingkungan kerja BRI Unit Mallawa Cabang Barru berdasarkan kualitas kinerja sudah cukup baik, namun belum maksimal dikarenakan ada karyawan yang belum tepat waktu datang ke kantor sesuai yang ditentukan oleh pihak perusahaan.
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20

Duncan, Ian. "The Mallah and Ram Charana in the United Provinces." Contributions to Indian Sociology 54, no. 3 (October 2020): 440–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966720944136.

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During the 1920s and 1930s, Ram Charana, of the Mallah caste and a resident of Lucknow, led the campaign for his caste to secure a place in the plans for constitutional and electoral reform being drawn up by the colonial authorities. His objective was to ensure the inclusion of the caste within the administrative category of the Depressed Classes and subsequently as a Scheduled Caste even though it was labelled and stigmatised as a caste defined primarily by its criminality. Ram Charana was appointed to the United Provinces Legislative Council as the sole nominee to represent the Depressed Class population, and he participated in all of the investigations of the time into constitutional reform. Although he personally achieved a leading role in the reform proceedings, he was unable to secure any recognition for the Mallah. This article examines the criminalisation of the Mallah particularly in the light of police sources not consulted previously. It describes Ram Charana’s role and analyses the reasons for his failure, despite his personal prominence and official promotion, to gain a more advantageous position for the Mallah.
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21

Aadila, Ade Esti, Uca Sideng, and Hasriyanti Hasriyanti. "Kontribusi Usaha Gogos Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga." LaGeografia 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/lageografia.v19i2.19666.

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This study aims to determine: 1) How is the socio-economic condition of gogos traders in Jalange, Mallawa Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, 2) How big is the contribution of gogos business to household income in Jalange, Mallawa Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency. The population in this study were all households engaged in gogos business in Jalange, Mallawa Village, totaling 37 families. The sample in this study amounted to 37 people because the population is less than 100. This research is a descriptive study. The results showed 1) the socio-economic condition of the people who worked selling gogos, namely the age of 39-43 years as much as 29.71%, graduated from high school as much as 45.95%. The livelihoods of respondents apart from gogos were various, including entrepreneurs, private workers, construction workers, farmers and fishermen. The majority of the household income of gogos sellers in Jalange, Mallawa Village is Rp. 1,000,000. The highest income from the sale of gogos is Rp. 2,500,000 per month and the lowest is Rp. 500,000 per month. 2) The contribution of gogos business to household income which makes gogos the main job reaches 100% for 5 units of gogos sellers and the highest contribution is for households that make gogos as an alternative to increasing household income reaching 59%. This shows that gogos has a fairly large role in increasing household income
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22

Hambali, Uyunnasirah, Muhammad Rusli Baharuddin, and Hilmi Hambali. "COMMUNITY SERVICES HONEY FARMERS THROUGH TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY AS AN EFFORT TO CREATE LOCAL LEADING PRODUCTS." Diseminasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/diseminasiabdimas.v5i2.6156.

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Mitra ini adalah Kelompok Tani Madu Kecamatan Mallawa Kabupaten Maros. Kelompok Tani Madu Mallawa awalnya hanya beranggotakan 4 orang dan kemudian berkembang menjadi 8 orang. Secara umum terdapat 4 fokus permasalahan yaitu jumlah madu yang dipanen setiap tahunnya berkurang, kualitas dan kemasan madu yang dijual rendah, belum adanya izin usaha, dan sistem penjualan yang masih konvensional. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra, tim pengabdian masyarakat menawarkan solusi yaitu Transfer teknologi budidaya madu, pelatihan dan pendampingan pengemasan madu, pendampingan pengurusan izin usaha, pelatihan dan pendampingan pemasaran digital. Sasaran luaran dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah (1) adanya kemasan yang menarik dan higienis, (2) peningkatan hasil panen madu, (3) peningkatan omzet penjualan, dan (4) diterbitkannya izin usaha. Selain itu, adanya peningkatan pengetahuan mitra dalam budidaya madu, pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pengemasan dan proses pemasaran melalui digital marketing. Sedangkan Mandatory Outcome berupa publikasi di jurnal nasional sinta 3, publikasi melalui media, video dokumentasi kegiatan, modul budidaya madu dan kewirausahaan, serta website penjualan. Metode pelaksanaannya adalah pelatihan, pelaksanaan, pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi sebagai upaya menjamin tercapainya tujuan pengabdian masyarakat madu Mallawa. The partner in this Community Services is the Honey Farmers Group, Mallawa Subdistrict, Maros Regency. Mallawa Honey Farmer Group initially only consist of 4 members and later grew to 8 people. In general, there are 4 focuses problems, namely the amount of honey harvested every year is reduced, the quality and packaging of honey sold is low, there is no business license, and the sales system is still conventional. Based on the problems faced by partner, the community services team offers solutions, namely Transfer of honey cultivation technology, training and assistance in honey packaging, assistance in managing business permits, training and digital marketing assistance. The output targets of this community services are (1) the existence of attractive and hygienic packaging, (2) the increase in honey harvest, (3) the increase in sales turnover, and (4) the issuance of a business license. In addition, there is an increase in partner knowledge in honey cultivation, the use of technology in the packaging and marketing process through digital marketing. While the Mandatory Outcomes are in the form of publications in the national journal sinta 3, publications through the media, activity documentation videos, honey cultivation and entrepreneurship modules, and sales websites. The implementation method is training, implementation, mentoring, monitoring and evaluation as an effort to ensure the achievement of the goals of community services honey Mallawa.
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23

Amalia Sumpada, Rezky, Sapriadi Sapriadi, Firdaus Firdaus, and Rahmatullah Rahmatullah. "Pembinaan TK/TPA Di Masjid Nurul Yaqin Dusun Annasa Desa Mallahae Kec. Kajuara." Jurnal Panrita: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/jcs.v1i2.1897.

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Sebuah organisasi bernama Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur'an (TPA) merencanakan pendidikan non formal dalam Islam dengan maksud untuk mendidik anak-anak di TK, SD, dan Madrasah Bhutidia (SD/MI). Dengan cara membaca Al-Qur'an dan dasar-dasar Dinul Islam. Salah satu bentuk kegiatan mengajar siswa TK-TPA yang dilakukan mahasiswa KKN-P Universitas Islam Ahmad Dahlan Desa Mallahae ini merupakan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Terima kasih kepada para mahasiswa yang melakukan KKN-P di desa Mallahae, memberikan pengajaran kepada anak TPA termasuk menghafal doa-doa harian, surah-surah pendek serta pengetahuan Islam lainnya.
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24

Kanev, Svilen, Sam Likun Xi, Gu-Yeon Wei, and David Brooks. "Mallacc." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 51, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093315.3037736.

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25

Kanev, Svilen, Sam Likun Xi, Gu-Yeon Wei, and David Brooks. "Mallacc." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093336.3037736.

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26

Kanev, Svilen, Sam Likun Xi, Gu-Yeon Wei, and David Brooks. "Mallacc." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 45, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093337.3037736.

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27

Srikumar, K. K., S. Smitha, B. Suresh Kumar, and B. Radhakrishnan. "Intraguild predation of green lacewing larvae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on spider eggs and spiderlings." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 12133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2555.10.8.12133-12136.

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The Green Lacewing Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is the common chrysopid in tea plantations of the Anamallais (southern India). Guava trees dispersed in tea plantations accommodate a large population of this predator. Seasonality and intraguild predation of this chrysopid was investigated between December 2014 and November 2015. Spider eggs and spiderlings were important prey for this predator. Mallada desjardinsi preferred 22% eggs of Chrysso nigra, 20% of Neoscona mukerjei, 11% of Chrysso argyrodiformis and Cyrtarachne sp. and below 10% of the other spider species recorded. This is the first intraguild predation studies of M. desjardinsi on tea.
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Gillespie, Grant D. "Hybridization, Introgression, and Morphometric Differentiation between Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Grey Duck (Anas superciliosa) in Otago, New Zealand." Auk 102, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/102.3.459.

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Abstract Small numbers of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were introduced into New Zealand from Great Britain and North America over 100 years ago. Both sexes have undergone differentiation in size and plumage characters as a consequence of hybridization with the indigenous Grey Duck (A. superciliosa). Pure forms of both species, as documented by early descriptions, appear to be disappearing, particularly the Grey Duck. In Otago, the Mallard and Grey Duck are introgressively hybridizing, and the majority of intergrades are Mallard-like in appearance. Separation of Mallards, hybrid birds, and Grey Ducks was achieved using a stepwise cluster analysis of mensural characters. The observed morphometric differentiation was not continuous throughout the Otago population, and a total of 5 discontinuities (groups of morphologically similar birds) were distinguished: male Mallards, female Mallards, Grey Ducks, and 2 groups of hybrid birds. The use of bivariate scattergrams of skull length and eye-lens weight provided the most useful illustration of the distinctions among Mallard, hybrid, and Grey Duck populations. As a consequence of hybridization, two morphologically distinct hybrid populations have been produced: one resembles the Grey Duck and the other the Mallard. This situation is discussed in relation to the two hybrid forms of the Marianas Mallard (A. oustaleti). The Mallard was so successful in newly created agricultural habitat that by 1958 this species constituted 53% of the Mallard-Grey Duck population. Prior to 1958 the observed hybrid frequency was less than 3% and the reduction in the proportion of the Grey Duck most probably was the result of habitat reduction. In 1977 the Mallard comprised 82% of the Mallard-Grey Duck population, and there was concern over the number of pure Grey Ducks remaining in Otago. By 1981-1982 levels of hybridization, based on plumage analysis, had reached 51%, and the proportion of pure Grey Ducks had dropped to 4.5%, which is below the level suggested for the maintenance of a species. In the absence of reproductive isolation or antihybridization mechanisms between these two species, the Mallard and hybrid populations represent a potential threat to the conservation of the New Zealand Grey Duck.
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Kaharuddin, A. Husnul Khatimah, and Sapriadi Sapriadi. "Penerapan Media Gambar terhadap pembelajaran Kosa Kata bahasa Inggris dasar pada siswa kelas V SD 268 Mallahae." Jurnal Panrita: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (October 17, 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/jcs.v2i1.1871.

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The implementation of this community service is to develop human resources in Mallahae Village, Kajuara District. This program is important to be implemented among children or beginner students in learning English vocabulary using picture media. Learning English vocabulary is a first for students at SDN 258 Mallahae, so teachers need to provide interesting and varied learning media. The method implemented in the classroom is the picture method combined with several other methods according to the needs of the class and according to the material provided. The method is effective and makes students' enthusiasm increase. In addition, student attendance at school is almost 90% present in every English learning process. This indicates that students have high enthusiasm for language learning.
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المبروك, عبد الحميد. "حصر ودراسة النشاط الموسمي لمفترسات حشرة التين الشمعية." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2006): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v13i1.652.

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تم في الدراسة الحالية تسجيل عشرة أنواع من المفترسات علي حشرة التين الشمعية Ceroplastes rusci L بمنطقة البيضاء ، ليبيا ، تضم نوعين لكل من الفصائل Coccinellidae و Anthocoridae و Chrysopidae ، ونوعا واحد من الفصائل Phloeothripidae و Noctuidae و Sphecidae و Mantidae . كما بينت النتائج أن الأنواع Orius albidipennis و Chrysoperla carnea و Mallada sp. و Sphex sp. سجلت تواجد لفترات أطول مقارنة بباقي الأنواع من المفترسات فقد تراوح تواجدها بين 18–24 أسبوعا . وأوضحت النتائج المتحصل عليها من الدراسة أن ثمانية أنواع من المفترسات وهي : Scymnus syriacus وalbidipennis O. و Anthocoris sp. و C. carnea و Mallada sp. و Haplothrips sp. وsp. Sphex و Iris oratorial ، تسجل لأول مرة مفترسات طبيعية علي حشرة التين الشمعية بمنطقة البيضاء .
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Ye, Jingwen, and Jun Li. "Factors affecting cannibalism by Mallada basalis." Biocontrol Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (February 20, 2020): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1729700.

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32

Febrianto, Firman, Ismoyowati Ismoyowati, Mochamad Mufti, Prayitno Prayitno, and Dattadewi Purwantini. "Polymorphisme Gene GH and Morphological Characteristic of Anas platyrhynchos and Cairina moschata." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 20, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.1.665.

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The aims of this research was to identify the qualitative and quantitative difference of the phenotypes of native mallard and Muscovy, and Muscovy the genetic diversity between Muscovy and mallard using RFLP method with growth hormone primer (GH) gene. The materials were 30-week old male and female ducks from 5 strains—Magelang, Mojosari and Tegal ducks, white-feathered, and black and white-feathered Muscovy. Muscovy Completely Randomized Design was used to analyze parameters 5 strains of ducks based on gender and with 5 replications. The parameters measured were local and Muscovy duck phenotypes and genetic diversity (number of alleles) based on GH gene, heterozygosity and genetic distance. Qualitative properties were analyzed descriptively and quantitative properties were analyzed using Anova followed by HSD in case of significant differences, whereas RFLP analysis was used to determine the allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, genetic diversity, and genetic distance of local ducks. Result showed phenotypic differences between Anas platyrhynchos and Cairina moschata. The dominant feather colorof Muscovy was black and white while mallard was brown. The bill color Muscovy Muscovy was pink with dark brown but black in mallard. The dominant shank’s color in both Muscovy and mallard was black. Body size of mallard was larger than that of Muscovy Muscovy, and Magelang ducks weigherd more than Tegal and Mojosari Duck. The PCR-RFLP results showed lower heterozygosity of mallard compared to Muscovy based on GH gene, and genetic distance of the Tegal duck was closer to Mojosari and Magelang ducks, whereas Magelang and Mojosari ducks had a considerable genetic distance based on the GH gene.
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Harun, Salmah, A. Mustika Mukhtar, and A. Hijaz Mukhtar. "KORELASI MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 8 MALLAWA KABUPATEN MAROS." EDUCANDUM 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2023): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31969/educandum.v9i2.1247.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 8 Mallawa Kabupaten Maros. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif asosiatif dengan populasi sebanyak 141 siswa, teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan random sampling yang berjumlah 44 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar berkorelasi signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 8 Mallawa Kabupaten Maros artinya bahwa untuk mencapai prestasi yang baik dan yang lebih efektif berdasarkan tujuan dan harapan sekolah maka diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa agar kemampuan dan keterampilan siswa dalam proses belajar juga meningkat. Peningkatan kualitas pembelajaraan lewat pengayaan dapat meningkatkan prestasi secara berkala kepada siswa yang dianggap belume memiliki kemampuan yang memadai serta mendorong para siswa secara optimal berdasarkan minat dan bakatnya untuk bisa dikembangkan ke arah yang lebih baik lagi.
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Anshariah, A., M. Imran, S. Widodo, and UR Irvan. "The influence of intrusion on change characteristic of coal in Mallawa Formation of South Sulawesi Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 921, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012054.

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Abstract Coal that is deposited in the same depositional environment, age, and formation will usually have the same characteristics. However, the influence of geological conditions in an area can cause differences in the characteristics of coal in the same formation. This study aims to analyze geological factors that can affect differences in the characteristics of coal in the same depositional environment, age and formation. The study was conducted at three different locations, namely Mallawa District, Maros Regency; Lanne District, Pangkep Regency; and Massenrengpulu Region, Bone Regency. The coal sampling method in the study area uses the channel sampling method (ply by ply) which represents the bottom, middle and top coal seams. The results of the proximate analysis of coal in the Mallawa District Maros Regency showed an average moisture content of 7.78%, an average ash content of 39.99%, volatile matter 32.85%, and fixed carbon 19.39%. While in the area of Lanne District, Pangkep Regency shows an average moisture content of 9.65%, an average ash content of 40.41%, volatile matter 33.80%, and fixed carbon 16.16%. The results of proximate analysis in the Massenrengpulu area of Pangkep Regency showed an average moisture content of 3.86%, an average ash content of 23.16%, volatile matter 35.53%, and fixed carbon 37.46%. Coal from Mallawa and Lanne District has relatively the same characteristics, while the Massenrengpulu coal has lower moisture and ash content, and higher fixed carbon caused by the intrusion of igneous rocks in the area which causes the coal maturation process to be faster than the other two regions.
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Karaca, T., M. Cemek, and M. Kanter. "Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Level, and Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase Activity of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in the Mallard, Muscovy and Pekin Ducks." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 1 (2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675010033.

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The aim of this study was to determine blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin and vitamin C, and the percentages of peripheral blood Tlymphocytes using the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) method on Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Muscovy (Cairina moschata) and Pekin (Anas domestica) ducks. Blood samples were obtained from 8 adult ducks of each breed. The serum levels observed in Mallard, Muscovy and Pekin ducks respectively were 0.8, 1.07 and 1.3 nmol MDA per ml; 77.4, 66.9 and 78.7 mg GSH per 100 ml; 23.9, 26.1 and 24.1 mg ceruloplasmin per 100 ml; and 0.50, 0.52 and 0.70 mg vitamin C per 100 ml. The percentage of the ANAE (+) lymphocytes was 57.9%, 54.8% and 55.1% in Mallard, Muscovy and Pekin ducks, respectively. In this study, blood levels of lipid peroxidation and nonenzymatic antioxidants in the Mallard, Muscovy and Pekin ducks were determined.
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Hiola, St Fatmah, Gufran D. Dirawan, and Muhammad Wiharto Caronge. "The Diversity of Epiphytic Wild Orchids in Mallawa Resort Area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.2.2.28-33.

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This research aims to report the diversity of epiphytic wild orchids in Mallawa Resort area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (BBNP), South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Exploration methods were used in this study to search and record epiphyticwild orchids in this area. The technique of data collection comprised taking pictures with a digital camera for documentation and collecting specimens of wild orchids that were unidentified at the site. The identification of orchid species was conducted by matching the morphology and characterization of epiphytic wild orchids with appropriate photographs showing details to enable identification. The results of the study showed that there were 36 species of epiphytic wild orchids to be found in the study area. The identification to species level included 10 species, there were 17 specimens that were identified to genus level, and seven specimens remained unidentified. Sympodial type orchids dominated the suite of native orchids, with 23 species.Keyword: epiphytes, Mallawa Resort, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, wild orchids
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Muis, Abdul, Fatma Hiola, Syamsiah, and Husnul Khatima. "Inventory of Domesticated Orchid Species in Samaenre Village Mallawa District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1209, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1209/1/012021.

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Abstract The study aimed to determine the types of orchids from domestication in Samaenre Village, Mallawa District, Maros Regency which is included as one of the buffer areas of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This type of research is a descriptive study with a purposive sampling method, which only records the types of orchids maintained by the community in Samaenre Village, Mallawa District, Maros Regency. The results showed that there were 26 types of orchids. 11 were identified to the species level and 15 were identified to the genus level. Orchids found are Acriopsis sp., Aerides inflexa, Aerides sp., Agrosthophyllum sp., Appendicula sp., Apporum uncatum, Coelogyne celebensis, Coelogyne sp., Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Dendrobium anosmum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium striaenopsis, Dendrobium sp., Eria sp., Flickingeria sp., Liparis sp., Luisia sp., Phalaenopsis amabilis, Phalaenopsis amboinensis, Phalaenopsis sp., Pholidota sp., Phreatia sp., Robiqueta sp., Spathoglottis sp., Trichoglottis geminata, Vanda sp. The most widely kept type of orchid is Dendrobium striaenopsis. It shows that society is able to domesticate natural orchids of various types.
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Hasanuddin, Hasanuddin. "GUA PANNINGE DI MALLAWA, MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN." Naditira Widya 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/nw.v11i2.210.

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39

Breatnach, Deasún. "Mallacht na croise." Comhar 48, no. 12 (1989): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25571173.

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Sheldon, William. "The Last Mallard." Organization & Environment 11, no. 4 (December 1998): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921810698114016.

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41

Evseev, Danyel, and Katharine Magor. "Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010005.

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Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be transmitted to other hosts, including chickens, and cause respiratory and systemic disease. Rarely, these highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause disease in mallards, while chickens are highly susceptible. The long co-evolution of mallard ducks with influenza viruses has undoubtedly fine-tuned many immunological host–pathogen interactions to confer resistance to disease, which are poorly understood. Here, we compare innate responses to different avian influenza viruses in ducks and chickens to reveal differences that point to potential mechanisms of disease resistance. Mallard ducks are permissive to LPAI replication in their intestinal tissues without overtly compromising their fitness. In contrast, the mallard response to HPAI infection reflects an immediate and robust induction of type I interferon and antiviral interferon stimulated genes, highlighting the importance of the RIG-I pathway. Ducks also appear to limit the duration of the response, particularly of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Chickens lack RIG-I, and some modulators of the signaling pathway and may be compromised in initiating an early interferon response, allowing more viral replication and consequent damage. We review current knowledge about innate response mediators to influenza infection in mallard ducks compared to chickens to gain insight into protective immune responses, and open questions for future research.
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Gaviola, Isagani Q., Manuel D. Gacutan Jr., Warren D. Come, and Karen Luz T. Yap. "Supplementary Effect of Ensiled Ficus Fruit [Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr.] on The Growth Performance in Mallard Ducks [Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus), 1758]." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 5, no. 6 (June 23, 2024): 2134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.06.16.

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A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing the ensiled ficus (EFF) fruit on the growth performance of mallard ducks. One hundred seventy-five (175) day old straight-run mallard ducklings were assigned with the following diets: A (control), B (5% EFF inclusion), C (10% EFF inclusion), D (15% EFF inclusion), and E (20% EFF inclusion) following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with cage location as blocking factor. Data were run in general linear model of SAS v.9.4. TS1M8 and difference among treatments were determined using trend comparison and declared significant at =0.05. Results showed the ensiling can improve the chemical composition of the ficus fruits and make it favorable to mallard ducks when supplemented. The effect of supplementing EFF in mallard ducks showed a general increase in VFI with higher inclusion rate of EFF with comparable BW and WG. However, FCR was a bit higher with ducks given increasing EFF supplement. Lastly, RFCC was also lower in diets with EFF compared to the control group.
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MacKinnon, Nancy M. "Unpaired Drake Avoidance Behaviour and Mate Recognition by Female Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, During the Spring Breeding Season." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i1.676.

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An observation of a female Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) avoiding unpaired drakes, in breeding season, until reuniting with her mate after audio recognition of the rähb call. This observation supports the supposition that this vocalization by the male Mallard is a response to separation from the female and functions as a contact call in mate recognition.
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Titman, Rodger, Elise Titman, and Shawn Craik. "Timing of pair formation and male acquisition of alternate plumage by three wintering dabbling ducks." Canadian Field-Naturalist 135, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v135i1.2547.

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Pair formation in ducks is thought to be influenced by the acquisition of breeding plumage, the occurrence of courtship display, or both. We examined the frequency of pair formation in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca carolinensis), and Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata) in the central valley of California in relation to the frequencies of male attainment of breeding plumage and courtship display. Predictions related to two hypotheses are: (1) the timing of pair formation is directly related to the attainment of breeding (definitive alternate) plumage by males, and (2) frequencies of courtship display are highest during pair formation. Most female Mallard were paired by the end of October, with >80% in pairs by early December. Of Northern Shoveler, 90% were paired by early January and 90% of female Green-winged Teal were paired by early February. The highest rates of courtship display by Mallard were observed during October through November, by Northern Shoveler in November, and by Green-winged Teal in November through January. Courtship display was, therefore, relatively frequent at the same time as pair formation for all three species. Northern Shoveler spent less time in courtship display than the other two species. Most (90%) male Mallard had acquired alternate plumage by mid-November, Northern Shoveler by early February, and Green-winged Teal by mid-December. Thus, timing of pair formation coincided with timing of attainment of breeding plumage in Mallard and Green-winged Teal but not Northern Shoveler.
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GARLAND, J. A., and D. K. MCE KEVAN. "Chrysopidae of Canada and Alaska (Insecta, Neuroptera) : revised checklist, new and noteworthy records, and geo-referenced localities." Zootaxa 1486, no. 1 (May 31, 2007): 1–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1486.1.1.

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The Chrysopidae of Canada and Alaska, the subject of a study since 1980, including more than 6,000 adults representing 24 species in two subfamilies, are here revised and the localities georeferenced. The number of specimens, earliest authenticated specimen, new records, flight period, and the localities supported by museum specimens are provided for each species for each province or territory of Canada, as well as the State of Alaska, USA. Localities in literature for which no specimen exists are queried. A directory of collectors is provided. Biological attributes, such as attraction to light, and plants or habitat where specimens were collected, are based on label data. Chrysopa quadripunctata Burmeister and Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) are reported for the first time from the Province of Manitoba, Canada; and, Meleoma emuncta (Fitch), for the first time from the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. Nomenclatural changes include: Mallada slossonae Garland, 1996, as a new objective synonym of Dichochrysa macleodi (Adams and Garland, 1983; Mallada) syn. nov., and Dichochrysa perfecta (Banks, 1895), an emendation.
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M.Ismail, Abbas, S. H. Al-Majmaie, and Z. A. Ali. "A Comparative Study on Flavonoid Content of Cheilanthes Pteridioides (Richard.) C. Chr.1905 in Two Different Districts -Iraq." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.08.

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The studied regions were comprised of Erbil and Garmian districts, there were differences in geographic locations and habitat. The collected ferns were from 1st in Mallakan region, and 2nd in Kalar region from Erbil and Garmian districts respectively. Four active compounds qualitatively (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins) were screened in two studied regions. Flavonoid compounds screened in the Mallakan region represent four flavonoids which were: Myrectin, Kaempferole and Rutine , but in Kalar region represent: Kaempherol, Myrectin, Qurectin and Rutin. A phytochemical quantitative study revealed that total flavonoids in Kalar region (540 μg/ml) were higher than total flavonoids in the Mallakan region (280 μg/ml). The study aimed to determine the flavonoids of Cheilanthes pteridioids (Richard) C. Chr. (Pteridaceae) in two different districts North of Iraq.
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Azeem, Shahan, John Baroch, Deepanker Tewari, Kristy L. Pabilonia, Mary Killian, Birgit Bradel-Tretheway, Dong Sun, Sara Ghorbani-Nezami, and Kyoung-Jin Yoon. "Molecular Characterization of Non-H5 and Non-H7 Avian Influenza Viruses from Non-Mallard Migratory Waterbirds of the North American Flyways, 2006–2011." Pathogens 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2024): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13040333.

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The surveillance of migratory waterbirds (MWs) for avian influenza virus (AIV) is indispensable for the early detection of a potential AIV incursion into poultry. Surveying AIV infections and virus subtypes in understudied MW species could elucidate their role in AIV ecology. Oropharyngeal–cloacal (OPC) swabs were collected from non-mallard MWs between 2006 and 2011. OPC swabs (n = 1158) that molecularly tested positive for AIV (Cts ≤ 32) but tested negative for H5 and H7 subtypes were selected for virus isolation (VI). The selected samples evenly represented birds from all four North American flyways (Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic). Eighty-seven low pathogenic AIV isolates, representing 31 sites in 17 states, were recovered from the samples. All isolates belonged to the North American lineage. The samples representing birds from the Central Flyway had the highest VI positive rate (57.5%) compared to those from the other flyways (10.3–17.2%), suggesting that future surveillance can focus on the Central Flyway. Of the isolates, 43.7%, 12.6%, and 10.3% were obtained from blue-winged teal, American wigeon, and American black duck species, respectively. Hatch-year MWs represented the majority of the isolates (70.1%). The most common H and N combinations were H3N8 (23.0%), H4N6 (18.4%), and H4N8 (18.4%). The HA gene between non-mallard and mallard MW isolates during the same time period shared 85.5–99.5% H3 identity and 89.3–99.7% H4 identity. Comparisons between MW (mallard and non-mallard) and poultry H3 and H4 isolates also revealed high similarity (79.0–99.0% and 88.7–98.4%), emphasizing the need for continued AIV surveillance in MWs.
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Krapu, Gary L., Ronald E. Reynolds, Glen A. Sargeant, and Randy W. Renner. "Patterns of Variation in Clutch Sizes in a Guild of Temperate-Nesting Dabbling Ducks." Auk 121, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.695.

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Abstract We investigated patterns and causes of variation in clutch sizes in a guild of five species of temperate-nesting dabbling ducks (Mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], Northern Pintail [“pintail,” A. acuta], Gadwall [A. strepera], Blue-winged Teal [“teal,” A. discors], and Northern Shoveler [“shoveler,” A. clypeata]) during 1993-1995 in the Prairie Pothole Region of midcontinental North America. Clutch sizes (mean ± SE) were largest for teal (10.80 ± 0.03), followed in descending order by those of shoveler (10.31 ± 0.05), Gadwall (9.92 ± 0.04), Mallard (8.91 ± 0.04), and pintail (7.66 ± 0.06). In Mallard, pintail, and shoveler, predicted clutch sizes at onset of nesting exhibited minimal variation. Clutch sizes of Gadwall and teal displayed statistically significant variation among years at onset of nesting; pintail clutch sizes showed significant variation late in the nesting season. Clutch sizes declined seasonally in all species. Declines in clutch sizes of teal and shoveler were approximately linear; whereas clutch sizes of Mallard, pintail, and Gadwall usually declined at progressively decreasing rates. Linear declines in teal and shoveler clutches suggest that those species experienced greater difficulty securing lipids for egg production late in the nesting season than did Mallard, pintail, and Gadwall. That disparity may result because egg-laying female teal and shoveler feed almost exclusively on animal foods, which are primarily protein; whereas female Mallard, pintail, and Gadwall consume more carbohydrate-rich plant foods. Our findings, when examined in context with existing information, suggest that interspecific variation in clutch sizes results from innate differences in several traits—including body size, diet, timing of lipid acquisition, and nesting—all of which can affect the amount of lipid available for egg production. Temperate-nesting dabbling ducks have evolved traits that facilitate laying of large clutches early in the nesting season, because risk of mortality is lower among early-hatched young. Annual differences in clutch sizes of all five species were not significant when effects of annual variation in nest-initiation dates were accounted for, reflecting the key role of environmental influences on intraspecific variation in clutch sizes among years.
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49

Han, Dianlei, Hairui Liu, Zhiqian Tong, Jiahang Pan, and Xinzhong Wang. "Effects of the speed on the webbed foot kinematics of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)." PeerJ 11 (May 15, 2023): e15362. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15362.

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Abstract:
In this study, the effect of the speed on the webbed foot locomotion of the mallard was analyzed based on a considerable number of reliable indoor test data. Four adult male mallards were selected for analysis, and the locomotion speed of the mallard was controlled using the treadmill at an accurate and adjustable speed. The locomotion pattern of the webbed foot of the mallard at different speeds was recorded using a high-speed camera. The changes in the position and conformation of the webbed foot during locomotion on a treadmill were tracked and analyzed using Simi-Motion kinematics software. The results indicated that the stride length of the mallard increased, and the stance phase duration was shortened with the increase of the speed, whereas the swing phase duration did not vary significantly. The duty factor decreased with the increase of the mallard speed but not drop below to 0.5, because the mallards flew with their wings, or moved backward relative to the treadmill with the further increase of the speed. Using the energy method to further distinguish gait, and through the percentage of congruity analysis, it was found that between 0.73 and 0.93 m/s, the gait experienced a transition from walking to grounded running, with no significant changes in spatiotemporal parameters. At speeds between 0.93 and 1.6 m/s, mallards adopt a grounded running gait. The instantaneous changes of the tarsometatarso-phalangeal joint (TMTPJ) angle and the intertarsal joint (ITJ) angle at touch-down, mid-stance and lift-off concomitant with the change of the speed were examined with the TMTPJ and ITJ angle as the research objects. Moreover, the continuous changes of the joint angles were examined in a complete stride cycle. The result indicated that the increase of the speed will also make the TMTPJ and ITJ angle change ahead of time in a stride cycle, proving the shortened stance phase duration. The ITJ angle changed much more than the TMTPJ. Thus, the above result reveals that the mallard primarily responds with the increase of the speed by adjusting the ITJ, instead of the TMTPJ. The vertical displacement of the toe joint points and the toe joint angle was studied (α joint angle is between the second toe and the third toe; β joint angle is between the third toe and the fourth toe) with a complete stride cycle as the research object. The distal phalanxes of the second, third and fourth toes first contacted the ground, and the proximal phalanx touched the ground in turn during the early stance phase duration of the mallard, as indicated by the result of this study. However, the toes got off the ground in turn from the proximal phalanxes when the mallard foot got off the ground. With the decrease of the interphalangeal α and β joint angles, the foot web tended to be close and rapidly recovered before the next touch-down. The above result reveals that the webbed foot of the mallard is a coupling system that plays a role in the adjustment of speed.
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50

Brotowati, Swastanti. "Peningkatan Kualitas Batubara Subbituminus Mallawa Menjadi Batubara Bituminus." INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/intek.v5i1.197.

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Abstract:
Batubara asal desa Mallawa , Kabupaten Bone Sulawesi Selatan termasuk batubara peringkat rendah jenis subbituminus type C Hasil analisis kimia menunjukkan kadar air 2.64%, kadar zat terbang 46.16%, kadar abu 15.26%, kadar karbon terikat 35.96%, kadar sulfur 2.19% dan nilai kalor 5190 kkal/kgram. Dengan proses desulfurisasi menggunakan larutan HCl 20% dan demineralisasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 20%, dilanjutkan dengan proses karbonisasi atau pembakaran pada suhu 400oC dalam tungku pembakaran dengan sedikit udara . Hasilnya kadar air 1,66%, kadar zat terbang 13,35%, kadar abu 6,78%, kadar karbon terikat 78,21%, kadar sulfur 0,43% dan nilai kalor 7097,24 kkal/kgram. Berdasarkan ASTM D338 dan SNI 13–6011-1999 batubara hasil penelitian termasuk dalam type atau rank low volatile bittuminus type C
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