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Mugarur, Byoma. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Children Admitted to a Pediatric Ward: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda." NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2024): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/nijbas/2024/5.1.768511.
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Anemia remains a significant public health concern among children under five years of age worldwide, particularly in low resource settings. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children admitted to the pediatric ward of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving demographic data collection, clinical history, and hematological parameters analysis. The prevalence of anemia was determined based on World Health Organization criteria for hemoglobin levels, with factors such as nutritional status, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities explored through statistical analysis. Results revealed a concerning prevalence of anemia among pediatric ward children, with 70% found to be anemic. Factors such as malnutrition, low socioeconomic status, and presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive strategies targeting the prevention and management of anemia in pediatric populations, particularly among those hospitalized. Keywords: Anemia, children, pediatric, malnutrition.
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Kalibala, Dennis, Catherine Nabaggala, Lynnth Turyagyenda, Vincent Mboizi, Shubaya Kasule Naggayi, Maxencia Kabatabaazi, Caterina Rosano, et al. "Effect of Hydroxyurea Treatment on Body Composition in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Uganda Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-190181.
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Introduction Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) experience severe illness and risk of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. Treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) decreases SCA complications. In high-income regions, hydroxyurea also improves pediatric growth and overall quality of life. We assessed the effects of hydroxyurea on growth and body composition of children with SCA in Uganda. Methods This study was nested in an open-label, single-arm pediatric clinical trial of hydroxyurea 20-30mg/kg/day for prevention of neurological and cognitive impairment. In all, 267 study participants with SCA, ages 3-9 years, initiated hydroxyurea treatment at the Mulago Hospital SCA Clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height) were obtained at enrollment and at month 18 of therapy; age- and sex-specific z-scores were assigned, per World Health Organization (WHO) international standards. Non-invasive bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), was used to estimate total body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) at both timepoints. A control sample of110 siblings/family members without SCA, aged 3-12 years, established local z-scores for BIA assessments. Results Among SCA participants and controls, 50.6% and 57.3% were female, respectively. Mean age was younger foror the SCA sample: 5.1±0.1 and 7.1±0.3 years ( p<.001). At trial month 18, mean hydroxyurea dose 25.4mg/kg, SCA hemoglobin rose from 7.8±1.2 to 8.9±1.5 g/dL( p<.001), remaining lower than mean hemoglobin level of non-SCA controls 12.5±1.1 ( p<.001). Using the World Health Organization definition of “wasting,” SCA participants at enrollment had a higher proportion of low weight-for-height than controls: 9.8% vs 3.8%, p=.009). By body composition, the SCA sample also had lower FFM (-0.67±0.56 vs. 0.00 ±1.00, p < .001) and FM (-0.68±0.60 vs. 0.00 ±1.00, p<.001) than controls. At month 18, for the 254 active SCA participants (95.1%), the proportion with wasting was unchanged. In contrast, z-scores for FFM (-0.65±0.57 to -0.16±0.57, p < .001) and FM (-0.66±0.61 to -0.18±0.61, p<.001) significantly increased (Figure) to near control levels. Conclusion Hydroxyurea therapy in children with SCA increased hemoglobin yet did not reduce the proportion with wasting after 18 months. Nonetheless, treatment led to significantly improved FM and FFM to near normal levels. These results suggest that hydroxyurea therapy may play a crucial role in enhancing body composition of children with SCA in the region. The ongoing hydroxyurea trial will enable assessment of longer-term impact on health-related growth and body composition in children with SCA in Uganda.
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Musiime, Victor, Joseph Rujumba, Lawrence Kakooza, Henriator Namisanvu, Loice Atuhaire, Erusa Naguti, Judith Beinomugisha, et al. "HIV prevalence among children admitted with severe acute malnutrition and associated factors with mother-to-child HIV transmission at Mulago Hospital, Uganda: A mixed methods study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): e0301887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301887.
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Background Despite global efforts to eliminate mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (MTCT), many children continue to become infected. We determined the prevalence of HIV among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that of their mothers, at admission to Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Mulago Hospital, Uganda. We also assessed child factors associated with HIV-infection, and explored factors leading to HIV-infection among a subset of the mother-child dyads that tested positive. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation within the REDMOTHIV (Reduce mortality in HIV) clinical trial that investigated strategies to reduce mortality among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children admitted with SAM at the Nutrition Unit. From June 2021 to December 2022, we consecutively tested children aged 1 month to 5 years with SAM for HIV, and the mothers who were available, using rapid antibody testing upon admission to the unit. HIV-antibody positive children under 18 months of age had a confirmatory HIV-DNA PCR test done. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with mothers of HIV positive dyads, to explore the individual, relationship, social and structural factors associated with MTCT, until data saturation. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression in STATAv14, while a content thematic approach was used to analyze qualitative data. Results Of 797 children tested, 463(58.1%) were male and 630(79.1%) were ≤18months of age; 76 (9.5%) tested positive. Of 709 mothers, median (IQR) age 26 (22, 30) years, 188(26.5%) were HIV positive. Sixty six of the 188 mother–infant pairs with HIV exposure tested positive for HIV, an MTCT rate of 35.1% (66/188). Child age >18 months was marginally associated with HIV-infection (crude OR = 1.87,95% CI: 1.11–3.12, p-value = 0.02; adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.96, 3.09, p-value = 0.068). The IDIs from 16 mothers revealed associated factors with HIV transmission at multiple levels. Individual level factors: inadequate information regarding prevention of MTCT(PMTCT), limited perception of HIV risk, and fear of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Relationship level factors: lack of family support and unfaithfulness (infidelity) among sexual partners. Health facility level factors: negative attitude of health workers and missed opportunities for HIV testing. Community level factors: poverty and health service disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion In this era of universal antiretroviral therapy for PMTCT, a 10% HIV prevalence among severely malnourished children is substantially high. To eliminate vertical HIV transmission, more efforts are needed to address challenges mothers living with HIV face intrinsically and within their families, communities and at health facilities.
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van der Kam, Saskia, Stephanie Roll, Todd Swarthout, Grace Edyegu-Otelu, Akiko Matsumoto, Francis Xavier Kasujja, Cristian Casademont, Leslie Shanks, and Nuria Salse-Ubach. "Effect of Short-Term Supplementation with Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food or Micronutrients for Children after Illness for Prevention of Malnutrition: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Uganda." PLOS Medicine 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): e1001951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001951.
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Natukunda, Eva, Alex Szubert, Caroline Otike, Imerida Namyalo, Esther Nambi, Alasdair Bamford, Katja Doerholt, Diana M. Gibb, Victor Musiime, and Phillipa Musoke. "Bone mineral density among children living with HIV failing first-line anti-retroviral therapy in Uganda: A sub-study of the CHAPAS-4 trial." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): e0288877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288877.
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Background Children living with perinatally acquired HIV (CLWH) survive into adulthood on antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV, ART, and malnutrition can all lead to low bone mineral density (BMD). Few studies have described bone health among CLWH in Sub-Saharan Africa. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with low BMD among CLWH switching to second-line ART in the CHAPAS-4 trial (ISRCTN22964075) in Uganda. Methods BMD was determined using dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). BMD Z-scores were adjusted for age, sex, height and race. Demographic characteristics were summarized using median interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between each variable and low BMD. Results A total of 159 children were enrolled (50% male) with median age (IQR) 10 (7–12) years, median duration of first -line ART 5.2(3.3–6.8) years; CD4 count 774 (528–1083) cells/mm3, weight—for–age Z-score -1.36 (-2.19, -0.65) and body mass index Z-score (BMIZ) -1.31 (-2.06, -0.6). Low (Z-score≤ -2) total body less head (TBLH) BMD was observed in 28 (18%) children, 21(13%) had low lumbar spine (LS) BMD, and15 (9%) had both. Low TBLH BMD was associated with increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13–1.65, p = 0.001), female sex (aOR: 3.8; 95% CL: 1.31–10.81, p = 0.014), low BMI (aOR 0.36:95% CI: 0.21–0.61, p<0.001), and first-line zidovudine exposure (aOR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.25–10.8, p = 0.018). CD4 count, viral load and first- line ART duration were not associated with TBLH BMD. Low LS BMD was associated with increasing age (aOR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16–1.74, p = 0.001) and female sex: (aOR 3.41; 95% CI: 1.18–9.8, p = 0.023). Conclusion Nearly 20% CLWH failing first-line ART had low BMD which was associated with female sex, older age, first-line ZDV exposure, and low BMI. Prevention, monitoring, and implications following transition to adult care should be prioritized to identify poor bone health in HIV+adolescents entering adulthood.
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Adamkiewicz, Tom, Adel Driss, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Jacqueline Hibbert, and Jonathan K. Stiles. "Determinants Of Mortality and Survival In Children With Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) In Sub Saharan Africa." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4676.4676.
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In Africa, the natural history of SCD is often assumed to be same to the African Diaspora in the US, Jamaica, Europe or Latin America. Yet the environment can be different, including different pathogen exposure, such as malaria. To help better understand this, over 2000 references were identified using the names of all current or past names of African continent countries and the truncated word sickl$, followed by secondary nested and cross reference searches. Six cases series describing causes of death were identified, representing 182 children (Ndugwa, 1973, Athale, 1994, Koko, 1998, Diagne, 2000, Rahimy, 2003, Van-Dunem, 2007). Gender was reported in 172, 73 were female (42%). Age was reported in 118, 52 were < 5 years (44%). Four studies described some impediment to care or arrival for care in extremis in1/4 to over ½ of patients that died. In Uganda, 9/12 (75%) patient died at home. In Gabon 6/23 (26%) patients died within 4 hours of reaching the hospital and 11/23 (48%) within 24 hours. In Benin 2/10 (20%) died of splenic sequestration diagnosed at home; 38/64 (53%) of patients in Mozambique that died, lived outside of the capital. Causes of death were identified in 146 individuals. These included: fever/sepsis: n=59 (40%), including meningitis: n=15 (10%) and pyelonephritis: n=2 (1%); acute anemia: n=43 (29%), including spleen sequestration: n=28 (19%) and aplastic anemia: n=8 (5%); pain: n=22 (15%); acute chest syndrome/pneumonia: n=18 (12%); CNS: n=8 (5%), including stroke: n=4 (3%), seizure/ coma: n=5 (3%); liver disease: n=5 (3%) including hepatitis: n=3 (2%); Other: n=19 (13%) including wasting/ malnutrition: n=7 (5%), heart failure/cardiomyopathy: n=4 (3%), diarrhea and vomiting: n=3 (2%), transfusion reaction: n=2 (1%). Infectious pathogens were identified in 26, including malaria: n=10 (38%), S. pneumoniae: n=3 (12%), Salmonella: n=2 (8%), H. influenza, Klebsiella and Citrobacter: n=1 (4%) each; viral agents were reported in n=8 (31%) including HBV: n=5 (19%), HIV: n=3 (12%). Reported general population hemoglobinopathy surveys after birth revealed the following Relative Risk (RR) of observing individuals with hemoglobin SS compared to Hardy Weinberg expected frequencies (some age cohorts overlap; Tanzania '56, Benin '09, Burkina Faso '70, Central African Republic'75, Gabon'65/'80, Gambia'56, Ghana '56/‘57/'00/'10, Kenya '04/'10, Malawi '72/'00/'04, Mozambique '86, Nigeria '56/'70/'79/'81/'84/'05, Senegal '69, Sierra Leone '56). Age 0-1 years, total n=2112 observed n=22 (1.0%), expected n=16.5 (0.8%), RR=1.3 (95% CI=0.7,2.5), p=0.441. Age 0-6 years, total n=4078; observed n=39 (1.0%); expected n=40.6 (1.0%); RR=1.0 (95% CI=0.6,1.5), p=0.925. Age 5-19 years, total n=1880; observed n= 5 (0.3%); expected n= 24.8 (1.3%); RR=0.2 (95% CI=0.1,0.5); p<0.001. Adults, total n=12814; observed n= 20 (0.2%); expected n= 118.9 (0.9%); RR=0.2 (95% CI=0.1,0.3), p<0.001. Pregnant, total n=5815; observed n= 19 (0.3%); expected n= 78.5 (1.3%), RR=0.2 (95% CI=0.1,0.4), p<0.001. Cohorts of children with SCD are indicated in the table. In summary, access to care, as well as acute anemias are a frequent cause of mortality. Along with viral pathogens and transfusion related deaths this indicates the importance of a safe blood supply. By adulthood, the observed frequency of individuals with SCD is only 1/5 of expected. However, reported clinic cohorts suggest similar if not better survival than in the general population, possibly due to lost to follow up, but also malaria/bacterial infection prevention and nutritional support. Careful prospective studies are needed.TableCohorts of children in Africa with Sickle Cell AnemiaCountryAge median years, (range)Death/TotalnFollow up yearsPatient-yearsDeaths/100 patient-yearsU5M/100 child-yrs♦Uganda, 735 -9, (0-20)12/6282--2.7Senegal, ‘008 (0-22)11/323710331.12.2Senegal, 03330/55612--2.2Benin,032.910/2361.5-6.59831.02.4Kenya,096 (0-13)2/1241.21181.72.7♦: Under five year old mortality 2009 (source: Unicef), divided by 5Prophylactic interventions: Uganda: chloroquine; Senegal: chloroquine (wet season), nets, penicillin prophylaxis <5 yrs, folic acid, parasite treatment & iron supplement as needed; Benin: chloroquine, nets, penicillin prophylaxis, antibiotics for fever, folic acid, nutritional support; Kenya; Proguanil, folic acid, nutritional support, parasite treatment & iron supplement as needed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Adebisi, Yusuff Adebayo, Kirinya Ibrahim, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Aniekan Ekpenyong, Alumuku Iordepuun Micheal, Iwendi Godsgift Chinemelum, and Ayomide Busayo Sina-Odunsi. "Prevalence and Socio-economic Impacts of Malnutrition Among Children in Uganda." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863881988739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178638819887398.
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Malnutrition is one of the common problems that afflict the poor in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda. The rate of decline of malnutrition in the country has been very slow for the last 15 years. This problem is of utmost concern in this era of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in which achieving the goals is imperative. The aim of our study was to review literature on the prevalence and socio-economic impacts of malnutrition among children under 5 in Uganda and provide recommendations to address identified gaps. This review assesses available evidences, including journal articles, country reports, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Funds (UNICEF) reports, and other reports on issues pertaining to malnutrition among children in Uganda. Malnutrition, poverty, and chronic diseases are interconnected in such a way that each of the factors influences the presence and permanence of the other, resulting in a synergistic impact. The prevalence of acute and severe malnutrition among children under 5 is above the World Health Assembly target to reduce and maintain the prevalence under 5% by 2025. There are also limited studies on etiology of anemia as regards its prevalence in Uganda. The study presents a better understanding of the social and economic impact of child malnutrition on the families and the country’s development. The study also strongly suggests that, for Uganda to achieve sustainable development goal 2, financial investments by the government are necessary to address nutrition in the early stages of an individual’s life.
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Mawa, Ratib. "Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years in Uganda." American Journal of Health Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20180602.14.
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Mor, Siobhan M., James K. Tumwine, Elena N. Naumova, Grace Ndeezi, and Saul Tzipori. "Microsporidiosis and Malnutrition in Children with Persistent Diarrhea, Uganda." Emerging Infectious Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1501.071536.
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Cubitt, Jonathan, Andrew Hodges, George Galiwango, and Kristiane van Lierde. "Malnutrition in cleft lip and palate children in Uganda." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 35, no. 4 (July 15, 2011): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-011-0620-z.
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Amegbor, Prince M., Ortis Yankey, and Clive E. Sabel. "Examining the Effect of Geographic Region of Residence on Childhood Malnutrition in Uganda." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 6 (August 13, 2020): 598–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa019.
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Abstract Objectives In our study, we examine how geographic region of residence may predict childhood malnutrition, expressed as stunting, wasting and underweight, among children under the age of 5 years in Uganda. Methods Using data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, we performed an incremental multivariate multilevel mixed-effect modelling to examine the effect of a child, parental and household factors on the association between region of residence and each indicator of childhood malnutrition. Results Approximately 28%, 3% and 9% of children under age 5 suffered from stunting, wasting and underweight, respectively. The bivariate result shows that the proportion of children suffering from stunting and underweight was relatively lower in the Kampala region compared with the other regions. With the exception of the Northern region (6.44%), wasting was higher (4.12%) among children in the Kampala region. Children in the other regions were more likely to experience stunting and underweight. When controlling for child, parent and household factors, children in the other regions were less likely to suffer from underweight and stunting, compared with those in Kampala region. Children in the other regions, except the Northern region, were less likely to be wasted compared with those in Kampala region. Conclusion Our finding suggests that child, parental and household characteristics have effects on the association between region of residence and childhood malnutrition. Addressing individual and household socioeconomic disparities may be vital in tackling regional differences in childhood malnutrition.
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Odwee, Ambrose, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Christine Amongi Acup, Patrick Kyamanywa, Robinson Ssebuufu, Richard Obura, Jude B Agaba, et al. "Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.17.
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Background: Malnutrition is an important clinical outcome amongst HIV patients in developing countries and in Uganda, there is scarcity of information on its prevalence and risk factors amongst HIV adult patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study amongst 253 HIV patients in Bushenyi district assessed their nutritional status using the body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a questionnaire was used to identify major risk factors.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38.74 ± 0.80 yrs, while females and males were 52.2% and 47.8% respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition was 10.28% (95% CI: 6.82 – 14.69) in the study. Major socio-economic factors associated with malnutrition were being female, unemployed, dependent and with many family members. Patients with op- portunistic infections, low adherence to HAART, and stage of HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of malnutrition.
Discussion: In rural communities, a majority of malnourished patients are elderly and these were identified as priority groups for HIV outreach campaigns. The current policy of prioritizing children and women is outdated due to changing disease dynamics, thus showing a need to revise extension service provision in rural communities.
Conclusion: Malnutrition is a threat in HIV adult patients in rural communities of Uganda.
Keywords: Malnutrition; HIV adult patients; Bushenyi district; Uganda.
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Becker, G. L., P. Amuge, R. Ssebunya, M. Motevalli, A. Adaku, M. Juma, E. Wobudeya, et al. "Predictors of mortality in Ugandan children with TB, 2016–2021." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 27, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.22.0622.
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BACKGROUND: The burden of pediatric TB is high in Uganda. Our objective was to evaluate predictors of mortality during TB treatment among children at an urban and a rural referral hospital.METHODS: We designed a historical cohort study of TB cases at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala; and Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Fort Portal, Uganda, in children aged <15 years from 2016 to 2021. We used Kaplan–Meier models to estimate survival and fit multivariable Cox regression models to determine mortality hazards during TB treatment.RESULTS: We identified 1,658 children diagnosed with TB from 2016 to 2021. Of 1,623 children with known treatment outcomes, 127/1,623 (7.8%) died during TB treatment, 1,298/1,623 (78.3%) completed treatment, 150/1,623 (9.2%) were lost to follow-up, and two children failed treatment. Using Kaplan–Meier functions, the median time to death was 27 days following treatment initiation. In adjusted Cox models, predictors of mortality included HIV (aHR 1.68, 95% CI 1.01–2.81), moderate malnutrition (aHR 2.22, 95% CI 1.18–4.16), and severe malnutrition (aHR 2.92, 95% CI 1.75–4.87).CONCLUSION: Mortality was high at an urban and a rural referral hospital among children who initiated TB treatment from 2016 to 2021, with the majority of deaths occurring during the intensive phase of TB treatment. Malnutrition and HIV were significant predictors of death during treatment.
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Sri Wahyuni, Siti, and Maryati Sutarno. "Stunting Prevention Intervention In Pregnant Women In 2023." International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v4i2.333.
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Stunting is a disorder of growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition and repeated infections, which are characterized by their length or height being below standard. Malnutrition-free children are a commitment with the world, including Indonesia. The international world's commitment, contained in the second point of the Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizes the importance of "ending hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture". To achieve this goal, tackling the problem of malnutrition, including malnutrition, needs to be improved. Toddlers with malnutrition have short and long term impacts, in the form of growth and development disorders, including impaired cognitive function, morbidity, risk of degenerative diseases in the future and death. Stunting can be prevented early on during pregnancy, one of the interventions is good nutrition during pregnancy. Knowledge of nutrition during pregnancy isimportant for pregnant women to prevent stunted children from being born. Many pregnant women do not pay attention to nutritional intake during pregnancy so that their child can be born with stunting. Therefore, every pregnant woman must know about good nutritional intake during pregnancy to prevent stunting.
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Fauziah, Ika Nur, Lilik Djuari, and Yuni Sufyanti Arief. "Development of Mother’s Behavior Model in Severe Malnutrition Prevention for Under Five Children." Jurnal NERS 10, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v10i22015.195-207.
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Introduction: Child malnutrition still a major health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. According to World Health Organization (WHO) African Region and South-East Asia Region data, malnutrition affects nearly 20 million under five children and the main factors that affects about a third of child mortality worldwide. The aims of this study was to analyze and develop mother’s behavior model in severe malnutrition prevention for under five children based on Integration Health Belief Model and Health Promotion Model. Method: Type of this research was an explanatory observational with cross sectional design. Affordable population namely children under five’s years and cadres who visited Posyandu in April 2015 as many as 136 and 20 peoples. This study used proportional random sampling, with sample size 65 mothers; 10 children under five’s mothers and 10 Posyandu Balita’s cadres for FGD. Variables were personal factors, behavioral specific cognitions and affect, individual perceptions, commitment, cues to action and mother's behavior in severe malnutrition prevention. Data were collected by using questionnaires and food recall 24 hours, analyzed by Smart PLS. Result: Mother’s behavior model in severe malnutrition prevention for under five children can be formed by mother's commitment, behavioral specific cognition and affect and personal factors (income and motivation). Discussion: Nurse as a community health care providers have a role in improving community health status through health promotion. High commitment to behave in certain ways according to plan, improving the ability of individuals to maintain health promotion behavior all the timeKeywords: models, mother’s behavior, severe malnutrition prevention, Health Belief Model, Health Promotion Model
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Soni, Mr Nilesh, and Prof (Dr ). Yogesh Yadav. "Impact of Structured Educational Programme on Knowledge Regarding Malnutrition & its Prevention among Mothers of Under Five Children Residing in Selected Rural Area at Sikar City (Rajasthan)." SAS Journal of Medicine 7, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2021.v07i07.002.
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In India, around 43% of its children under the age of five are malnourished or undernourished. Malnutrition is more common in India than in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that one in every three malnourished children in the world live in India. The Millions of Indian children are deprived of their right to survival, health nutrition, education and safe drinking water. It is reported that 63% of them go to bread hungry, 53% suffer from malnutrition. Deaths in children constitute more than 34% of total deaths in India. Seven out of ten of these deaths are due to respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malnutrition. There is high under five morbidity and mortality in India. hence a study was conducted from 06Feb. 2019 to 17June 2019 to assess the Impact Of Structured Educational Programme On Knowledge Regarding Malnutrition& Its Prevention Among Mothers of Under Five Children Residing In Selected Rural Area At Sikar City (Rajasthan). A pre-experimental, one group pre-test, post-test design was used without a control group on 400 Mothers of under Five Children. The technique used in the study is Non probability convenient sampling technique and result hows that knowledge regarding malnutrition & its prevention among mothers of under five children who have participate in the study in which 263(65.8%) had Poor knowledge score, 119 (29.8%) had Average knowledge score, and 18 (4.5%)had Good knowledge score. After the implementation of Structured Educational Programme, there is a significant increase level of knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding malnutrition & its prevention.
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Godfrey, Ssesanga. "Undernutrition among HIV-positive Children of age 1-5 Years attending the ART Clinic in Bushenyi Health Centre IV Ishaka-Bushenyi Municipality, Bushenyi District." IAA Journal of Biological Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2024/121.7885.11.
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Worldwide, more than 3.4 million children under the age of 5 are infected with HIV. Both acute and chronic malnutrition are major problems for HIV-positive children living in resource-limited settings. In Uganda, the data from ART clinics revealed that up to 23% of mothers and 50% of children who were on treatment have moderate acute malnutrition. To understand undernutrition in HIV-positive children aged 1–5 years in Bushenyi District, western Uganda, a study was conducted in Bushenyi Health Centre IV to determine the common forms of undernutrition, mother awareness of undernutrition, and the management protocol conferred on HIV-positive children. There were 61 participants, of whom 54% were female and 46% were male; 41% were between the ages of 1-2 years; 31% were 5 years; and 28% were 3–4 years. The study indicated that 82% of the guardians had good knowledge about undernutrition, with 18% having little knowledge of the problem in HIV-positive children. In this study, using the z-score in data analysis, there were 3 children who were less than -2 SD (-2 standard deviation), and the overall prevalence of undernutrition was 5%. The guardians were asked whether they had heard about Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) in the hospital management of undernutrition in HIV-positive children, and 79% of the respondents confirmed that they had heard about it and that they preferred their undernourished children to be managed with that form from the health units. However, 21% preferred managing their children from home without getting to the health unit. The prevalence of undernutrition in HIV-affected children aged 1–5 years is high, and the majority of the children are underweight with moderate acute malnutrition. Some HIV-positive caretakers still have inadequate knowledge about undernutrition in their children. Some people lack knowledge about the management of undernutrition in HIV-positive children. Keywords: HIV, ART, Malnutrition, Undernutrition
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Kristanti, Melly, Yanti Harjono, Anisya Zakiyyahaya Arvant, Dandi Tri Dirgantara, Shabrina Amalia Suci, and Fadhila Nurmaulida. "Peningkatan Pengetahuan Orang Tua Mengenai Gizi Kurang pada Balita dengan Metode Intervensi Edukasi." Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK) 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jak.v6i1.645.
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The nutritional status of children is an important thing that every parent must know, because disturbances that occur due to unbalanced nutrition will cause irreversible damage. In 2018, the prevalence of malnutrition in the world was 7.3% or ± 49.5 million children.The problem experienced by this community is that there are still high cases of malnutrition in toddlers in the working area of the Cipayung Health Center, so there is a need for education and intervention for the community regarding the prevention and prevention of malnutrition. The results of this activity were an increase in knowledge of malnutrition p-value 0.021 and the attitude of obedience of parents in providing supplementary food to their undernourished children. This is very important to do in various working areas of the puskesmas and in the community itself, because prevention from an early age can reduce the high incidence of malnutrition which has an impact on the death rate in Indonesia
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Chavan, Sanjay. "Effect of nutritional counselling for using anthropometric indices among Indians." Bioinformation 18, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018583.
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Malnutrition in children under 5 years is a major public health problem in developing countries. Malnutrition complex comprises of under-nutrition including multiple conditions like acute, chronic malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and nutrition related to obesity. Therefore, it is of interest to report data on the individualized nutritional counselling on nutritional status among mild to moderately malnourished children aged 2 – 5 years at one, three and six month follow up. Their dietary habits will help to determine the aetiology of mild/moderate malnutrition.150 Children attending outpatient department of the Department of Paediatrics of D Y Patil Medical College and admitted with mild/moderate malnutrition were included in the study after taking informed consent from their parents. The children were randomly allocated into 4 groups (group 1 – 4). The groups consisted of children where dedicated nutritional counselling was provided at 1 month, 1 and 3 month follow up and where-in no dedicated counselling was provided. A diet chart was provided with counselling. Group 4 followed up with routine care without any dietary intervention. Detailed dietary, socio economic history, clinical examination with anthropometry was done followed-up at 1, 3, 6 months from date of inclusion. Majority (57.3%) belonged to lower socio-economic class according to Kuppuswamy scale. The mean birth weight was 2.4 kg, age 34.5 months and age of weaning 7.6 months. Data shows that 70% children had mild malnutrition and 30% moderate malnutrition. At 6 month follow up amongst 105 children with mild malnutrition, 82 still had mild malnutrition, 4 normal, 19 had moderate malnutrition. Under-five childhood malnutrition is highly prevalent in poor socioeconomic strata of the society. Nutritional counselling provided by trained healthcare providers in existing settings are effective in improving nutritional status, daily calorie/protein intake, prevention of malnutrition. Prevention/treatment of co-existing illness bears equal importance.
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Antasari, Dwi, Nur Alam Fajar, and Rostika Flora. "The Relationship of Father's Role to Stunting Prevention." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v20i2.618.
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Since it affects almost every region of the world, the problem of nutrition is considered a global health problem. A child's growth and development can be slowed down by malnutrition. A serious nutritional problem in Indonesia is the increasing problem of malnutrition in toddlers and school-aged children. children. As caregivers, educators, supervisors, disciplinarians, protectors, and supporters who have a significant impact on stunting prevention in toddlers, including the role of fathers in stunting prevention is very important. Even if the culture does not comply with child health recommendations, all recommendations must be followed because parents are assumed to have more experience in caring for children. Stability can be avoided with good parenting. All children's needs will be met if they are cared for properly, and children will grow and develop optimally.
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Kamukama, Aloysious, Rachel Luwaga, Rodrick Tugume, Margaret Kanyemibwa, Betrace Birungi, Obed Ndyamuhika, Diana Ampire, Timothy Nduhukire, and Deborah Lowell Shindell. "Exploring parental understanding of child sexual abuse and prevention as a measure for HIV prevention in Rwampara district." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): e0269786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269786.
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Background Worldwide, more than 95 million children are sexually abused each year with children in sub-Saharan Africa experiencing sexual assault at higher rates than those in more developed areas. In Uganda, 20% of young people indicated that their sexual debut was non-consensual. The risk for transmission of HIV to children through Child Sexual Abuse is high because of greater mucosal tissue damage and the often repetitive nature of abuse. This contributes significantly to the burden of HIV in Uganda. Despite these risks, studies have shown gaps in active parental involvement in child sexual abuse prevention despite their being the primary protectors of children. Against this background we sought to explore parental understanding of childhood sexual abuse and prevention as a measure for HIV prevention in Rwampara District, South Western Uganda. Methods A phenomenological study was carried out in four health centers that serve the communities of Rwampara district. A total of 25 (n = 25) parents or guardians of children aged 9–14 years were purposively selected to participate in the study. The participants were subjected to in-depth semi-structured interviews which were recorded, transcribed, and translated for thematic analysis. Results Parents’ understanding of child sexual abuse was limited to penetrative sex between a man and a child. Three of the parents interviewed reported to have had children who had been sexually abused while one of the parents had been abused when she was young. The children reported to have been abused were female and were between 3-14years. We also identified gaps in the sensitization of parents regarding home-based prevention of child sexual abuse and psychological support for the victims of abuse. Conclusion Our study shows that child sexual abuse exists in rural western Uganda. There remains a significant gap in the awareness of parents regarding the extent of sexual abuse, signs of sexual abuse, case handling, and psychological support for victims of sexual abuse. This significantly affects the capacity of parents as the primary protectors of children to identify and protect the children against the multiple forms of child sexual abuse.
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Fauziah, Ika Nur, Lilik Djuari, and Yuni Sufyanti Arief. "Development of Mother’s Behavior Model in Severe Malnutrition Prevention for Under Five Children." Jurnal Ners 10, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v10i2.1241.
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Introduction: Child malnutrition still a major health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. According to World Health Organization (WHO) African Region and South-East Asia Region data, malnutrition affects nearly 20 million under five children and the main factors that affects about a third of child mortality worldwide. The aims of this study was to analyze and develop mother’s behavior model in severe malnutrition prevention for under five children based on Integration Health Belief Model and Health Promotion Model.Method: Type of this research was an explanatory observational with cross sectional design. Affordable population namely children under five’s years and cadres who visited Posyandu in April 2015 as many as 136 and 20 peoples. This study used proportional random sampling, with sample size 65 mothers; 10 children under five’s mothers and 10 Posyandu Balita’s cadres for FGD. Variables were personal factors, behavioral specific cognitions and affect, individual perceptions, commitment, cues to action and mother's behavior in severe malnutrition prevention. Data were collected by using questionnaires and food recall 24 hours, analyzed by Smart PLS.Result: Mother’s behavior model in severe malnutrition prevention for under five children can be formed by mother's commitment, behavioral specific cognition and affect and personal factors (income and motivation).Discussion: Nurse as a community health care providers have a role in improving community health status through health promotion. High commitment to behave in certain ways according to plan, improving the ability of individuals to maintain health promotion behavior all the time.
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Kikafunda, JK, E. Agaba, and A. Bambona. "Malnutrition amidst plenty: An assessment of factors responsible for persistent high levels of childhood stunting in food secure Western Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 14, no. 65 (August 22, 2014): 9288–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.65.12570.
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In spite of favourable natural and human resource capacity, malnutrition remains an important health and welfare problem in Uganda especially among children below 5 years. Western Uganda has persistently registered highest levels of childhood malnutrition despite being referred to as “the food basket” of the country. This study sought to establish the causes of persistent child undernutrition to guide design of effective nutritional policies and interventions. This was a cross-sectional study that used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Multistage random sampling and stratified sampling were used to select study areas and households with children 6–59 months, respectively. Stunting levels were determined using anthropometric measurements of height-for-age using the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Reference Standards, which were approved for use in developing countries by the World Health Organization (WHO). The main causes of malnutrition were determined by logistic regression analysis. Almost half (46%) of children below 5 years were stunted, which is comparable to national prevalence of 47.8% for Western Uganda and this is unacceptably high. The major causes of stunting at (p≤0.05) were improper health and sanitation, poor child feeding practices, poor access to appropriate knowledge for health and nutrition, poor socio-economic variables of access to food, type of employment, distance to main roads and markets, housing facility, income flow regime, gender disparities and access to fuel for cooking. Overall, there is low intake of animal protein and generally constrained access to adequate amount of food required for normal growth and development. At multivariate level, the main risk factors included; lack of information on child health feeding, socio-economic capacity of household, poor hygiene practices, and preparation of special foods for children. Results suggest that more emphasis needs to be put on community nutrition and health education with a focus on diet, hygiene, sanitation, social-economic and livelihood programs, improvement of health care services and diversification of interventions especially into poverty alleviation programs with a nutrition focus.
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Kajjura, Richard B., Frederick J. Veldman, and Susanna M. Kassier. "Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Complementary Feeding, and Hygiene Practices of Mothers With Moderate Acutely Malnourished Children in Uganda." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 40, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119840214.
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Background: Inappropriate infant and young child complementary feeding practices related to a lack of maternal knowledge contributes to an increased risk of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. There is a lack of data regarding the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices as part of a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition in low-income countries like Uganda. Objective: To determine whether nutrition education improves knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices of mothers with infants and young children diagnosed with moderate acute malnutrition. Methods: A cross-sequential study using a pretest–posttest design included 204 mother–infant pairs conveniently sampled across 24 randomly selected clusters. Weekly nutrition education sessions were embedded in a supplementary porridge intervention for 3 months. Mean scores and proportions for knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices were determined at baseline and end line. The difference between mean scores at the 2 time points were calculated with the paired t test analysis, while the proportions between baseline and end line were calculated using a z test analysis. Results: Mean scores for knowledge, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were higher at end line compared to baseline ( P < .001). Handwashing did not improve significantly ( P = .183), while boiling water to enhance water quality improved ( P < .001). Conclusion: Nutrition education in conjunction with a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition improved meal frequency, dietary diversity and water quality.
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Musimenta, Nelson, and Richard Onyango. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALNUTRITION OCCURRENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN KIHENDA VILLAGE HOIMA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." SJ Pediatrics and Child Health Africa 1, no. 5 (May 14, 2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51168/yfancr93.
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Background Malnutrition refers to deficiency, excess, or imbalance in a person’s energy and/or nutrient intake). The study aims to assess the Factors associated with malnutrition occurrence among children under 5 years in Kihenda village Hoima district. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive study where the Simple Random sampling method was used to select the 100 respondents from which quantitative data was collected. Results The majority 46(77%) reported that working long hours of parents contributed to malnutrition and the minority 14(23%) reported that it did not affect malnutrition. 48(80%) majority of teenage mothers reported that age contributed to malnutrition whereas the minority of 10(17%) and 02(03%) of adult mothers never agreed. Majority of children in families 78(78%) were found to be normal while the minority 07(07%) stunted, 06(06%) underweight and 09(09%) wasted. Majority of the respondents’ families had children 64(64%) of 3 to 5 whereas 23(23%) of 0 to 2, 08(08%) of 6 to 8, and 05(05%) of 10 to 12 as the minority.The majority of the respondents 60(60%) had ever heard about malnutrition while the minority 40(40%) of them had not. The majority of the respondents 55(55%) did not know that the first breast milk was important to the child whereas the minority 45(45%) knew that the first breast milk was important. Conclusion A Variety of factors like age of caretakers, number of children in the household, long working hours of caretakers, insufficient Knowledge, and poor attitudes about proper nutrition were closely associated with Malnutrition. Recommendation There should be increased campaigns with feasible knowledge that is applicable in rural areas, and this could be through empowering the Village Health Teams in these areas by the government of Uganda and the Ministry of Health to improve the nutrition status of children below 5 years.
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Prendergast, Andrew J. "Malnutrition and vaccination in developing countries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1671 (June 19, 2015): 20140141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0141.
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Malnutrition contributes to an estimated 45% of deaths among children under 5 years of age in developing countries, predominantly due to infections. Malnourished children therefore stand to benefit hugely from vaccination, but malnutrition has been described as the most common immunodeficiency globally, suggesting that they may not be able to respond effectively to vaccines. The immunology of malnutrition remains poorly characterized, but is associated with impairments in mucosal barrier integrity, and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction. Despite this, the majority of malnourished children can mount a protective immune response following vaccination, although the timing, quality and duration of responses may be impaired. This paper reviews the evidence for vaccine immunogenicity in malnourished children, discusses the importance of vaccination in prevention of malnutrition and highlights evidence gaps in our current knowledge.
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Walia, B. N. S., S. K. Gambhir, D. Kumar, and S. P. S. Bhatia. "Feeding from the Family Pot for Prevention of Malnutrition." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 7, no. 4 (December 1985): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482658500700409.
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The following article on the use of foods from the “family pot” for the rehabilitation of malnourished children supports the conviction of many health workers that, in principle, this is the most practical approach to the prevention of malnutrition among pre-school children, even in impoverished families The small shifts in food distribution within the family that are required with this approach are of negligible significance for the other family members, but of critical importance for the young child. The problem in the past has been the lack of a means of persuading a mother of the need to feed her child more, particularly when she is already breast-feeding. This obstacle can be overcome if the mother can monitor the chid's growth and learn that a failure to gain weight from one weighing time to another means that more food is necessary. If there is evidence of disease, medical attention may also be indicated. Of course, the implementation of this approach is subject to cultural variation in the suitability of foods being used by the other members of the family. For reasons which include high fibre content, strong seasoning, and low nutrient density, some foods will not be appropriate for infants and young children. Also, the phrase “family pot” may well apply to some cultures, but in others there is no single pot, but rather a variety of foods, some of which are always suitable for the young child. If cultural variations are taken into account, the concept advanced by this article should be universally applicable.
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Prendergast, Andrew J., Chipo Berejena, Godfrey Pimundu, Annie Shonhai, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Victor Musiime, Alexander J. Szubert, et al. "Inflammatory biomarkers in HIV-infected children hospitalized for severe malnutrition in Uganda and Zimbabwe." AIDS 33, no. 9 (July 2019): 1485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002231.
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Byekwaso, Ndinawe. "Modernization, Poverty Eradication, and the Process of Social Transformation in Uganda." Review of Radical Political Economics 51, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613417738671.
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To eradicate poverty, pro-market policies were implemented in Uganda. This article reveals that the policies did not improve the welfare of peasants. Instead, the peasants were made to depend on the market as a result of the harsh environment created that compelled them to increasingly abandon self-provisioning farming. Consequently, the people are increasingly faced with food shortages and the number of children dying of malnutrition is on the rise while land seizures are taking place. JEL Classification: Q02, Q11, Q15
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yadav, Mr Pradeep Kumar, and Dr Savithri k. "IMPORTANCE OF THE DIETARY HABITS IN RELATION TO PREVENTION OF MALNUTRITION." GENESIS 8, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/tg.2021.v08i01.012.
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Child malnutrition is a major public health concern worldwide, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. It is mostly preventable through public health and economic development. Malnutrition refers to the situation where there is an unbalanced diet in which some nutrients are in excess, lacking or wrong proportion. Simply put, we can categories it to be under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Nutrition effects on children’s physical, cognitive and behavioral development. Television and computer game exposure affect children’s sleep and deteriorate verbal and cognitive performance which support the hypothesis of the negative influence of media on consumption of children sleep, learning and memory. Most of the childhood obesity prevention efforts have focused on school age children and have had limited success. In the present study importance of dietary habits in children is discussed.
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Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. "Optimizing prevention and community-based management of severe malnutrition in children." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): e1003924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003924.
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Ayenigbara, G. O. "Malnutrition Among Children in the Sahel Region: Causes, Consequences and Prevention." International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 2, no. 3 (2013): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130203.14.
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Marni, Marni, Andi Zulkifli Abdullah, Ridwan Mochtar Thaha, Healthy Hidayanty, Saifuddin Sirajuddin, Amran Razak, Stang Stang, and Alo Liliweri. "Cultural Communication Strategies of Behavioral Changes in Accelerating of Stunting Prevention: A Systematic Review." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, F (October 16, 2021): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7019.
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Background: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five years of age (toddlers) due to chronic malnutrition and infection. Stunting has an impact on the level of intelligence, susceptibility to disease, reduces productivity, increases poverty and inequality. This condition is closely related to the culture of the community. Therefore, a cultural communication strategy is needed as an intervention to change maternal behavior and prevent stunting. Objective: This study aims to analyze articles related to cultural communication strategies in efforts to prevent stunting in children. Method: The design used is the literature review, articles are collected using search engines such as ProQuest, BMC Public Health, Google Scholar and Plos One. Criteria article used was published in 2011-2020. Results: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five years of age as a result of chronic malnutrition so that the child is too short for his age. Malnutrition occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born. The factors that cause stunting in children are family factors and family environment, inadequate food, breastfeeding and infection. These factors are closely related to the local culture. Therefore, cultural communication strategies are considered effective in changing mother's behavior and preventing stunting in children. Conclusion: Cultural communication can influence behavior change in mothers to prevent stunting in children
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Venkatakrishnan, Yegnaraman, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Sathya Jeganathan, Suresh K. Sankaran, and Rajkumar Kannan. "Nutritional status and morbidity profile of children with leprosy contact in a rural community." Tropical Doctor 50, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475520932193.
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An observational pilot study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and morbidity profile of childhood contacts of leprosy in an endemic area (Chengalpattu) in India. A total of 70 such children were included in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected using a one-to-one interview method and the children were evaluated by dermatologists qualified in paediatric leprosy. The obtained data were computed. Three children were diagnosed to have leprosy through this study. Nutritional status assessment in these children demonstrated malnutrition, a common finding. Regular contact screening of children in endemic areas for early case detection, disability prevention and thereby prevention of community transmission is mandatory. Further research is needed concerning the role of malnutrition in children and its relation to morbidity in leprosy. The closeness and duration of contact of leprosy is also an important risk factor. Effective strategies to diagnose subclinical infection are needed.
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Shakya, Ajay, Ramya Shenoy, and Ashwini Rao. "Correlation Between Malnutrition and Dental Caries in Children." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8171.
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Introduction: Dental caries and malnutrition is a public health problem, concentrated more among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between malnutrition and dental caries among 6, 10 and 12 years children in Mangalore. Materials and Methods: Data about oral health status and body mass index of children of age groups 6, 10 and 12 were collected using a cross-sectional design. Anthropometric measurements and oral examinations were carried out. Statistical test was performed to look for categorical associations between BMI categories and dental caries prevalence and to see if any correlation exists between BMI Score and dental caries severity. Results: The Pearson correlation test result suggested children with less BMI score tend to have more caries affected teeth than children with normal BMI. Conclusions: Physicians and dentists treating young children should consider malnutrition as a risk marker for childhood caries. Inclusion of BMI calculation in the standard dental evaluation of any pediatric patient can provide a screen for prevention, timely diagnosis, and treatment of the children suffering from dental caries and malnutrition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8171 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):99-102
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Niyibituronsa, M., F. Kyallo, C. Mugo, and S. Gaidashova. "The effects of household food practices and diseases prevalence on nutritional status of under-five children in Ruhango district, Rwanda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, no. 68 (February 23, 2015): 9744–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.68.13430.
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Malnutrition in the Southern province of Rwanda is a significant public health concern. According to the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) 2010, chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years was widespread 44% children having stunting (insufficient height for age), 11 % underweight (weight for age) and 3% wasting (weight for height). Ruhango district (Southern Rwanda) had the highest malnutrition prevalence (23.5%) in 2009. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of malnutrition among Ruhango children in 2012 and to identify relationship between comorbidities occurrence, food intake and their nutrition status. A multistage sampling was done across four hierarchical levels: district, sector, cell and village, where households (N=294) with children under five years were purposively selected to form the sampling units in which the survey was conducted. The study showed that Ruhango has improved in prevention of malnutrition as compared to 2010 study. However, stunting was still a problem with those aged between 24 and 35 months being most affected. Wasting did not affect large population of the target group. Better educated household members had less malnourished kids (3%) than those who did not attend school (12%). Co-morbidities occurrence was significantly higher in malnourished children (P = 0.006). Acute Respiratory Tract Infection had the highest occurrence (52%). The children reported to have been sick had significantly lower weight than those who were normal (P<0.05). Food intake (mean dietary diversity of 25%) was not adequate for most households and only few people took protein of high quality like meat and milk. Household food practices were tested at 95% confidence interval and this affected the nutrition status of children (P = 0.02). In households with mean dietary diversity above four food groups, only 2.17 % of children were underweight as compared to 18.18% those from households with mean dietary diversity below three. Thus, interventions to eliminate malnutrition should focus on household food diversification and disease prevention.
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Banga, Desire, Melvis Baren, Namale Vivian Ssonko, Franck Katembo Sikakulya, Yves Tibamwenda, Claude Banga, and Robinson Ssebuufu. "Comorbidities and Factors Associated with Mortality among Children under Five Years Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition in the Nutritional Unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda." International Journal of Pediatrics 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7809412.
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Background. Mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition remains an immense health concern in the hospitals in developing countries, but its attributes are not completely assessed in various hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of mortality, the comorbidities, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality among children under five years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda. Methods. This was a hospital-based analytical and descriptive prospective cohort study conducted in the nutritional unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A total of 338 children and their caretakers who met the criteria were consecutively enrolled into the study. Descriptive statistics were used to each of the independent factors, and comorbidities were subjected to chi-squared test followed by logistic regression analysis to assess its association incidence of mortality among children. All independent variables with p values ≤ 0.05 were entered into a multivariate model for factors and comorbidities independently. Factors and comorbidities with p values ≤ 0.05 were considered as associates of mortality among children. Results. Of the 338 children under 5 years of age enrolled, 49 (14.5%) died, although the majority of children were diagnosed with dehydration, 128 (37.9%); pneumonia, 127(37.6%); and malaria, 87(25.7%). Anemia ( aRR = 2.9 , 95% CI: 1.23-6.62, p = 0.01 ), bacteremia ( aRR = 10.0 , 95% CI: 3.62-29.01, p = 0.01 ), HIV ( aRR = 4.8 , 95% CI: 1.42-16.30, p < 0.01 ), TB ( aRR = 4.3 , 95% CI: 1.28-14.49, p < 0.02 ), and shock ( aRR = 60.9 , 95% CI: 9.05-410.28, p < 0.01 ) were the comorbidities significantly associated with a likelihood of mortality. Conclusions. The mortality among children under 5 years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition is still high (14.5% versus 5%). The comorbidities are significantly associated with mortality. The clinicians are recommended to follow-up closely patients with severe acute malnutrition and to focus on the critical comorbidities identified.
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Ghafuri, Djamila L., Shehu U. Abdullahi, Binta W. Jibir, Safiya Gambo, Halima Bello-Manga, Lawal Haliru, Khadija Bulama, et al. "World Health Organization’s Growth Reference Overestimates the Prevalence of Severe Malnutrition in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Africa." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010119.
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Anthropometric indices are widely used to assess the health and nutritional status of children. We tested the hypothesis that the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) reference for assessment of malnutrition in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) overestimates the prevalence of severe malnutrition when compared to a previously constructed SCA-specific reference. We applied the WHO and SCA-specific references to children with SCA aged 5–12 years living in northern Nigeria (Primary Prevention of Stroke in Children with SCA in sub-Saharan Africa (SPRING) trial) to determine the difference in prevalence of severe malnutrition defined as body mass index (BMI) Z-score <−3 and whether severe malnutrition was associated with lower mean hemoglobin levels or abnormal transcranial Doppler measurements (>200 cm/s). A total of 799 children were included in the final analysis (median age 8.2 years (interquartile range (IQR) 6.4–10.4)). The application of the WHO reference resulted in lower mean BMI than the SCA-specific reference (−2.3 versus −1.2; p < 0.001, respectively). The use of the WHO reference when compared to the SCA-specific reference population also resulted in a higher prevalence of severe malnutrition (28.6% vs. 6.4%; p < 0.001). The WHO reference significantly overestimates the prevalence of severe malnutrition in children with SCA when compared to an SCA-specific reference. Regardless of the reference population, severe malnutrition was not associated with lower mean hemoglobin levels or abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurements.
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Masih, Shailvina D. "Assess the Impact of a Structured Teaching Programme on Awareness of Malnutrition and its Prevention among Mothers of Children under the Age of Five in a Specific Area of Lingiadih Village, Bilaspur (C.G.)." Indian Journal of Holistic Nursing 11, no. 04 (December 30, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2348.2133.202005.
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Background: The mother is the sole provider of primary care for her child for the first five years of his or her life. Her ability to provide treatment is primarily dictated by her knowledge and understanding of basic nutrition and health care. The numbers would improve dramatically if mothers were made more aware of infant feeding strategies and other health-care practices. Objective: To assess the impact of a structured teaching programme on the awareness of malnutrition and its prevention among mothers of children under the age of five in a specific area of Lingiadih Village, Bilaspur (C.G.). Method: The convenient sampling technique was used in the study. esult and Conclusion:The findings show that about 58% of the mothers of under-five children were in the age group of 21-25 years, 58% were Hindus, 52% were taking a mixed diet, 76% were from nuclear families, 62% had a family income of INR 1000-3000 per month, 50% took primary education, 92% had one child in the family, 88% of the children were partially immunized, and 30% of the mothers got the information about malnutrition from mass media. 7 (14%) mothers had average knowledge, 43 (86%) had bad knowledge, and 0 (0%) had good knowledge, according to the assessment of the overall pre-test knowledge level of the mothers of under-five children regarding prevention of protein-energy malnutrition. The overall post-test awareness assessment showed that structured teaching programme proved to be significantly effective in improving the knowledge of mothers of under-five children regarding the prevention of protein-energy malnutrition. The study concluded that there was significant difference between knowledge score and selected demographic variables hence H0 was rejected.
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Youssouf, Ms Sabiyah, Dr Mohd Sabiq, and Ms Razia Yousuf. "A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF STAFF NURSES REGARDING MALNUTRITION AND NUTRITIONAL CARE OF HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA." International Journal of Applied Science and Research 06, no. 01 (2022): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijasr.2022.5491.
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Food is the main fuel that runs a human body, both in health and illness. Food and Nutrition play a major role in the prevention of almost all diseases and promotion of health. Unfortunately at the global level, India is being placed among the highest ranked countries on the basis of number of malnourished children1. Childhood is a crucial period where we need to pay some extra attention for the nutritional needs and nutritional care of a child, as it acts as a strong pillar for his/her growth and development and prevention of malnutrition. Despite many medical advances over the past 20 years, the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized children has not decreased. Since the staff nurses spent more time with patients than any other healthcare workers and the patient recovery is greatly affected by the quality of care these nurses provide to their patients in all the aspects of care, including the nutritional aspect. Present study was conducted to assess the Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards nutritional care of the hospitalized children, in order to ensure quality nutritional care for hospitalized children who are at risk of developing malnutrition or who are already victims of it. A nonexperimental descriptive research design was adopted to carry out the present study on a sample of 40 staff nurses working at a Tertiary care hospital of Karnataka by administering MKAP questionnaire. The results of the study showed that majority of the staff nurses 28(70%) had average knowledge and neutral attitude regarding malnutrition and nutritional care among hospitalized children , while as 7(17.5%) had good knowledge and positive attitude and 5( 12.5%) of them had poor knowledge and negative attitude regarding malnutrition and nutritional care among hospitalized children. The majority of the staff nurses 25(62.5%) showed neutral practice regarding malnutrition and nutritional care among hospitalized children, while as 10 (25%) showed beneficial practice and 5 (12.5%) of them showed non-beneficial practice regarding malnutrition and nutritional care among hospitalized children. In the present study the association of Levels of KAP with demographic characteristics of the staff nurses was calculated by using chi-square test and no association was found between the two except for gender. The study concluded that most of the staff nurses are having average knowledge and neutral attitude and practice towards malnutrition and nutritional care of hospitalized children
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Nabukeera-Barungi, Nicolette, Benedikte Grenov, Betty Lanyero, Hanifa Namusoke, Ezekiel Mupere, Vibeke Brix Christensen, Kim F. Michaelsen, Christian Mølgaard, Maren Johanne Rytter, and Henrik Friis. "Predictors of mortality among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: a prospective study from Uganda." Pediatric Research 84, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0016-x.
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Kristensen, Kia Hee Schultz, Maria Wiese, Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter, Mustafa Özçam, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Hanifa Namusoke, Henrik Friis, and Dennis Sandris Nielsen. "Gut Microbiota in Children Hospitalized with Oedematous and Non-Oedematous Severe Acute Malnutrition in Uganda." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): e0004369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004369.
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M. Al-Musawi, Zuhair. "Mental Retardation in Children, Causes &Prevention." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2007.2.3.29-37.
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This study was conducted to know the definite & probable causes of mental retardation (M.R.) in children & how can we prevent some of the cases. Three hundred eighty three children with moderate to severe (M.R.) were studied in Kerbala Pediatric Hospital over two years from January 2003 to January 2005. The male to female ratio was 1.51:1. The etiology was known in151 patients (39.4%) & was unknown in 232 patients (60.6%). The probable preventable causes include kernicterus, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, severe malnutrition, prematurity neonatal sepsis, hypothyroidism, encephalitis, meningitis, neural tube defect, galactossaemia, shaken baby syndrome & lead poisoning, constituting (68.8%) of the known probable causes. There was a high rate of consanguinity of parents, (37.8%) were first cousin, (24.8%) wer relatives while (37.4%) were not related. Three hundred forty eight patients (90.88%) were diagnosed before their first birthday. It was concluded from the study that we can help to reduce cases of (M.R.) by practicing primary & secondary prevention through health promotion, specific protection; early diagnosis & treatment of treatable disorders by neonatal screening program.
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Musasizi, Benon, Elizabeth Ekirapa Kiracho, Saul Kamukama, and Geoffrey Babughirana. "Assessment of Public Health Units’ Capacity to Manage Under-Five Malnutrition: A Case Study of Kamuli District, Uganda." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v3i3.511.
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Malnutrition is a major public-health problem throughout the developing world and is an underlying factor in over 50% of the 10-11 million children under 5 years of age who die each year of preventable causes. Uganda loses US$310 million worth of productivity per year due to the high levels of stunting, iodine-deficiency disorders, iron deficiency, low birth weight, and malnutrition contributes to a loss of about 4.1% of the gross domestic product per year. This paper provides the findings of an assessment conducted in Kamuli district to determine the capacity of public health units to manage under-five malnutrition focusing on the six building blocks of the health system. This was a descriptive cross sectional study that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, analysis and presentation. This involved interviewing health workers using a semi structured questionnaire and checklist for health facilities. Supplement qualitative data was collected using key informant interviews (KIIs). Results indicate that the capacity of health facilities to manage under-five malnutrition in Kamuli district was found to be low at 36.6% only. Capacity of health facilities was based on; Nutrition leadership and human resource development, health worker knowledge, availability of equipment and supplies, physical infrastructure, availability of infant and young child nutrition policy guidelines and planning and budgeting at health facility level.
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Chopra, Harivansh. "1000 Versus 635 Days Approach for Prevention of Undernutrition in Children." Journal of Comprehensive Health 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v09i01.001.
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Since the pre-independence era, India is dealing with a variety of health problems that have been eliminated in developed nations. As we prepare to enter post covid era, a problem which we are dealing since ages is child promotion and child survival. India is a nuclear weapon-affiliated country now but it still has a long way to go as far as child malnutrition is concerned. It is a surprising fact to know that the prevalence of malnutrition in India is double that of sub-Saharan country.[1] It has been 45 years since the launch of the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and we still have 35.8% of undernourished children in our country makes one think about the drawbacks in our current approach. [2] There are a wide variety of reasons for decreased weight inchildren under the age of 5. Interestingly inadequate food security is considered as one of the primary reasons, however,it does not justify the 20.1% of underweight children belonging to high socioeconomic status.[2] Other reasons include infections i.e. diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children and it could be attributed to a moderate rate (approximately 62%) of immunization in the under 5 age group.[2]
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Bindu Madhavi, CH, Pietychristiana R., M. Sony, and R. Anusha. "ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN OF AGE 2- 8 YEARS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND ANGANWADI CENTERS IN ATHMAKUR VILLAGE, GUNTUR DISTRICT- A CROSS SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 02 (February 28, 2023): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16368.
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Introduction: Malnutrition is a nutritional disorder which occurs due to the imbalance of nutrients. This has become a major concern in developing countries like India. Early detection of malnutrition helps in prevention of mortality of children. Methodlogy: The purpose of this study was to determine whether children are aware of their nutritional condition among the age groups of2- 8 years studying in Nirmala Institutions and government schools in Atmakur village, Mangalagiri, Guntur district, India. A questionnaire was given to the parents. Z test is used to categorize the students. 607 students were enrolled for this study and correlation is used to get the r value. Results: Of all children taken for the study of prevalence of malnutrition, 607 children of either gender were included. Out of 607 children (54.36%) are male and (45.63%) are female students. Out of which 26.52% are at 3-4 years, 27.18% children are at 4-5 years, 10.21% children are at 5-6 years,25.04% are at 6-7 years, 11.03% children are at 7-8 years of age. Conclusion:Malnutrition has a significant negative impact on a childs physical and mental development. In India, malnutrition is the primary cause of death among children. Early diagnosis of acute malnutrition with MUAC tape can be beneficial in children aged 6-59 months, although MUAC could only identify a small number of children as undernourished when compared to the W/H index.
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Ransom, Elizabeth, Carmen Bain, Harleen Bal, and Natasha Shannon. "Cattle as technological interventions: The gender effects of water demand in dairy production in Uganda." FACETS 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0031.
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Smallholder dairy production dominates the country of Uganda, with over 90% of the national herd owned by smallholders. To reduce hunger, malnutrition, and raise families out of poverty agricultural development, interventions in Uganda have focused on increasing milk production through the introduction of improved dairy cow breeds. Development actors, such as the East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) program in Uganda, see crossbreed dairy cows as a key technological intervention for improving production. Drawing on a multi-method study (spatial analysis, surveys, and qualitative interviews) of dairy smallholders, our paper examines the gendered effects of the introduction of crossbreed dairy cows. To ensure peak performance, improved breeds require more inputs (e.g., water, feed, and medicine), which are labor and time intensive with specific gendered outcomes. Our findings reveal that both men and women identify fetching water as one of the greatest challenges in maintaining dairy cows, but women and children disproportionately fetch the water and women have higher reported rates of time poverty. Water quality is also an issue, with smallholders struggling to provide clean water to cows, and our basic water testing reveals water sources with high nitrate levels that can be harmful for children and dairy cows.
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Khaing, Hnin Thiri, Shuhei Nomura, Daisuke Yoneoka, Peter Ueda, and Kenji Shibuya. "Risk factors and regional variations of malnutrition among children under 5 in Myanmar: cross-sectional analyses at national and subnational levels." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e030894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030894.
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ObjectiveThe levels, distributions of child malnutrition and its potential risk factors are not very well known in Myanmar. The objectives included in this study were: to estimate the current national and subnational prevalence of four types of malnutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight) among children under 5 in Myanmar; to identify potential risk factors associated with each type of malnutrition and to investigate how the identified risk factors’ distributions explained the regional disparities in malnutrition prevalence.Design/methodsData from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016 were used to estimate the prevalence of four types of malnutrition at both national and subnational levels (15 regions). Logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between each type of malnutrition and its risk factors, including child’s factors, parental social status and household conditions. The risk factor-adjusted prevalence of the malnutrition was estimated at the subnational level based on the estimated parameters from the regression models.ResultsThe national prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight in children under 5 was estimated to be 29.1% (95% CI 27.7% to 30.6%), 6.8% (6.0% to 7.6%), 18.3% (17.0% to 19.5%) and 1.5% (1.1% to 1.9%), respectively. Substantial regional variations in the prevalence of each type of malnutrition were observed. Several risk factors of each type of malnutrition were identified, including low birth weight (LBW) and inadequate maternal nutritional status. Except for overweight, regional variations largely persisted even after adjustment for the risk factors investigated.ConclusionThe prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 is still high in Myanmar, most commonly stunting. Targeted interventions aimed at prevention of LBW, improving the maternal nutritional status, in addition to other sociodemographic conditions should be encouraged urgently. Further research is necessary to investigate the potential sources of regional variation in prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 in the country.
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Mariati, Lusia Henny, and Yohana Jehani. "Mother's education about under-five nutrition as prevention of stunting and malnutrition." Community Empowerment 7, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.5920.
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Malnutrition that occurs in the first thousand days of life will have an impact on children's lives in the future. The results of previous studies that were carried out were known that from 107 under-five-children, there were 32 under-five-children with under nutritional status in Bangka Kenda Village. This activity aims to improve a mother's knowledge about the importance of fulfilling toddler nutrition starting from infancy by giving exclusive breastfeeding for six months, then continuing with additional food. As well as knowledge about nutrition needed by under-five-children. The activity begins with a pre-test, then continues with counseling activities, and at the end, a post-test evaluation of the mother's understanding of the counseling material. The participants were 35 people. The results of the activity showed an increase in the mother's knowledge before and after counseling.
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Jukes, Matthew. "The Long-Term Impact of Preschool Health and Nutrition on Education." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 26, no. 2_suppl2 (June 2005): S193—S201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265050262s210.
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Malnutrition and infectious diseases in infancy and early childhood have an impact on the cognitive development of children in developing countries. The long-term effects of these diseases are less well understood. A number of studies relate early malnutrition, iron deficiency, and malaria infection to poor cognitive abilities in the school-age years. The long-term effect of randomized interventions in early childhood has been evaluated for nutrition supplementation and psychosocial stimulation of malnourished children and for malaria prevention in a community cohort. The evidence suggests that improving the health and nutrition of young children can improve their subsequent chances of attending school, the gender equity of education access, and performance of children once at school.