Academic literature on the topic 'Malto language'

Brahui a North Proto Dravidian (NPD) language spoken about 2000 km far from other Sourth Dravidian languages (SPD) in South India i.e. Tamil, Talgu, Malyalam, Kanada, Gondi etc and Central Proto Dravidian (CPD) languages in the Central India i.e. Karukh and Malto by about two million people. It is spoken in the central parts of Balochistan, interior Sindh province in Pakistan and in the Sistan o Balochistan province of Iran, Helmund and Nimroz provinces of Afghanistan, Gulf States, and also there are few families have still preserved. Brahui in Mari province of Turkmenistan. In compare with the other nonliterary tribal dialects of Dravidian languages Brahui is enjoying a worth mentioning literary status in Balochistan-Pakistan. The past history of Brahui language is witnessed that it has been used only as an oral language till post-colonial period in Balochistan. There was no tradition of using Brahui as medium of instruction or in writing, although some works in Brahui had appeared before then, the Brahui literary movement started in the reign of Khan Naseer Khan in the 18th century but a standard literary movement started only after the 1950 when some newspapers including “Muhalim Quetta”, “Balochi Karachi” started publishing in Brahui besides Balochi in Pakistan. While weekly “Elum” Mastung a Brahui-Urdu newspaper was a revolutionary addition in the history of Brahui journalism and learning.

The aims of the article are to analyse the legal status of English after Brexit and present possible scenarios for this language in the post-Brexit Union. Firstly, the article highlights the status of languages in the EU and depicts three major categories of languages in the EU: Treaty languages, official and working languages. Secondly, the article analyses two possible scenarios for retaining the official and working status of English through notifications by Ireland and Malta. Thirdly, the paper focuses on the third scenario of introducing English as a single EU official language. Finally, the article outlines the status quo of English in the EU after UK’s withdrawal from the EU. It concludes that English is likely to remain the official and working language of the EU as a result of proper notification made by either Ireland or Malta.

One of the greatest advantages of mobile language learning is its ease of access, especially to learners in the 21st century who have the option of selecting any learning content that matches their preferences or language development goals, anywhere and at any time. Mobile-assisted language learning or MALL takes learning beyond the classroom, which imposes spatial and temporal constraints. This study aims to investigate components of language learning with a mobile-assisted design, and develop and evaluate a mobile-assisted English language learning and teaching innovation, namely Mobile-Assisted Language Learning in Open Resources Environment or MALLO for high-school English as a foreign language (EFL) students. MALLO is a research-based application which employs Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in its development to identify significant components. The participants in this study consist of two sample groups: 1,500 high school students from six regions of Thailand to explore the components; and 300 students to examine MALLO users’ satisfaction Both were selected via the stratified sampling method. After that, nine experts evaluated MALLO in terms of its components, its support for English language learning, its functions, and its application for English language learning. The results indicate that MALLO is comprised of four important components: mobile English learning resources, the use of MALL, mobile technology, and portal collective tools. The results also show the satisfaction of learners as users of the MALLO application at high levels with an average of 4.05 to 4.15. In the final stage, the MALLO application was evaluated by nine experts and the results were also in the range of high or very high levels across all aspects, with an average rating of 4.444.72.

A sociolinguistic study is made of the Maltese language to compare it to the Algerian language. Algerian is not the official language in Algeria, although it is the national one, and in this article an empirical study is undertaken to question the particularities of Algerian and its formation, comparing it with Maltese which has itself gained official status. Maltese, or “the language of the kitchen” as it is known, has gained important status on the island after decades of foreign occupation and linguistic influence from various civilizations that left palpable paw prints on the Mediterranean island. Maltese has managed to successfully confirm its linguistic identity, through a noticeable influence of Arabic, Italian and English amongst other languages that have imposed themselves and had a hand in forming the Maltese language. A sociolinguistic and historical study is made to explain the formation of Algerian comparing it to Maltese and the influence of history in both languages. A historical study is made to compare and observe the historic diachronic of both countries, and we compare the influence of foreign languages in Algeria and Malta. Likewise, an empirical study is undertaken to question the use of Algerian from various angles, and to examine the linguistic identity in Algeria.

Saadat Hasan Manto in his story, “The Insult,” portrays Saugandhi as a prostitute who is capable of speaking of her choices, yet she speaks in a language designed by a patriarchal system that can be read as “phallogocentric” from Hélène Cixous’s perspective of poststructuralist feminism. Saugandhi’s desire to be loved by a man confines her to the passive, non-speaking position that this “phallogocentric” system has fixed for women in the Lacanian structure of the Symbolic Order. However, the rejection by a customer one night rids her of the desire for patriarchal recognition. She starts speaking in a language new to the phallogocentric system which upsets Madho, who is portrayed by Manto as a speaker of that phallogocentric language. In the last conversation with Madho, Saugandhi laughs hysterically and that threatens Madho with the fear of losing control over her. Manto writes her laughter as her language, which can be analyzed by Cixous’s idea of écriture féminine. With a qualitative approach, this paper examines how Manto, through the portrayal of Saugandhi, writes a deconstructive language that decentralizes the phallogocentric structure in Urdu short fiction and contributes to the écriture féminine in the subculture of Urdu stories even before the phrase was coined.

Abstract Scientific literature has tackled Maltese English (MaltE) mainly in the framework of World Englishes in order to focus on its features compared to other varieties of English around the world. In this paper we shed more light on MaltE by proposing a sociolinguistic perspective, oriented towards its social stratification, and by referring to it through degrees of linguistic competence in English. We therefore propose two continua of variation: MaltE as an L2 continuum and as a situational one. Within this framework, we identify two groups defined as Mainly Maltese Speakers (MMS) and Mainly English Speakers (MES). We suggest that MaltE can be interpreted both as an L2, and as a variety used according to speech events, domain, participants, in-groupness etc. To investigate this we carried out a perceptual experiment involving two groups of university students, specialising in Maltese and English respectively. We discuss the results based on ratings and evaluations of authentic MaltE written and spoken prompts.

We have studied the tourism industry for three years, and we were interested in finding a different subject to conclude our studies. Language Tourism, a fairly small but upcoming niche in tourism, and one in which we have some experience, promised to be an interesting dissertation subject. In Europe there are three countries where English is a mother tongue – the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta. The dissertation focuses on Malta.

Malta is a small island state in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily. The island state has three islands, Malta, Gozo and Comino, and together they enjoy a huge number of tourists, particularly in the summer months when the warm climate makes a good sun and sea destination. The summer season is officially June to August, so there is a problem concerning what to do when the last tourist leaves the island after their summer holiday. The tourism industry has a huge impact on the country and sustains around 30 per cent of the country´s total GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Malta has been promoted for a long time as a sea-side destination, and the Maltese Government Tourist Board traditionally promoted the island for sun, sea and sand, and popular culture.

Back in the 1980s Malta had an established reputation. The Maltese Government now wanted to attract a different type of tourist, the ‘quality tourist’. The type of tourist they wanted to attract would also visit the island during the shoulder months. They were talking about the cultural tourist.

The importance of good cooperation between the language schools and the Malta Tourism Authority is a high priority if the development of steady all-year-round tourism is to be a possibility. Being an island state Malta is likely to suffer more from the issue of seasonality, as islands in general tend to be affected more than inland and coastal destinations. However, Malta's climate is a major pulling factor.

Language tourism has grown on the island since the 1960´s; today there are between 40 and 50 schools registered on the island. There are three important factors contributing to a language trip: courses, teachers and the leisure programme. Even though Malta is facing competition from nearby destinations in the Mediterranean, it is on its own in this niche market and able to offer students a warm, friendly welcome with a combination of a unique experience and learning.

Le chevalier de l’Ordre de Malte est à la fois un religieux et un militaire, formé aux arts de la guerre sur terre comme en mer. La « Religion », l’Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, possède de nombreux biens sur le territoire français, lui conférant la particularité d’être un véritable État dans l’État. L’Ordre répartit ses possessions en Langue, dont la Langue de Provence couvrant la France méridionale constitue sa première fondation historique. Les chevaliers sont alors tenus de passer des commandes artistiques pour embellir ces biens qu’ils administrent. Certains font à cet égard figure d’esthètes en s’intéressant de près aux cercles artistiques locaux, que ceux-ci soient académiques ou non. Réalisée à partir des grands exemples connus en Langue de Provence, cette étude consiste d’abord à analyser et à définir, selon une approche sociologique, les pratiques de la commande artistique des chevaliers. Dans un second et troisième temps, il s’agit plusspécifiquement de saisir les enjeux iconographiques et stylistiques des réalisations. Enfin, les systèmes d’échanges artistiques entre Malte et la Langue de Provence sont observés. Ceux-ci témoignent du rôle des chevaliers dans l’émergence de nouvelles représentations concernant leur Ordre et son île. Cette thèse cherche à comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent l’exercice du mécénat et leurs répercussions sur l’ensemble d’une production artistique
A knight of the Order of Malta was both a monastic and a soldier trained in the arts of land and sea warfare. The “Religion” – the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem – owned much property in France, thereby earning the quality of State within a State. The Order divided its possessions into Langues, of which the Langue of Provence covering southern France was aninitial foundation. The knights had the duty to commission works of art to embellish the properties they governed. Some of them showed true aestheticism and took great interest in local artistic circles, academic or otherwise. This paper starts by taking some well-known works in the Langue of Provence to analyse and describe the practice of artistic commission by the knights from a sociological standpoint. It goes on go discuss more specifically the iconographic and stylistic features of the works and then examines the systems of art exchanges between Malta and the Langue of Provence which highlight the part played by the knights in the development of new representations of their Order and its island. The thesis aims to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms at work in the practice of patronage and their impact on artistic output as a whole

The field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has suggested various methods for evaluating systems in order to improve their usability and User eXperience (UX). The advent of Web 2.0 has allowed the development of applications marked by collaboration, communication and interaction among their users in a way and on a scale never seen before. Social Systems (SS) (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn etc.) are examples of such applications and have features such as: frequent exchange of messages, spontaneity and expression of feelings. The opportunities and challenges posed by these types of applications require the traditional evaluation methods to be reassessed, taking into consideration these new characteristics. For instance, the postings of users on SS reveal their opinions on various issues, including on what they think of the system. This work aims to test the hypothesis that the postings of users in SS provide relevant data for evaluation of the usability and of UX in SS. While researching through literature, we have not identified any evaluation model intending to collect and interpret texts from users in order to assess the user experience and system usability. Thus, this thesis proposes MALTU - Model for evaluation of interaction in social systems from the Users Textual Language. In order to provide a basis for the development of the proposed model, we conducted a study of how users express their opinions on the system in natural language. We extracted postings of users from four SS of different contexts. HCI experts classified, studied and processed such postings by using Natural Language Processing (PLN) techniques and data mining, and then analyzed them in order to obtain a generic model. The MALTU was applied in two SS: an entertainment and an educational SS. The results show that is possible to evaluate a system from the postings of users in SS. Such assessments are aided by extraction patterns related to the use, to the types of postings and to HCI factors used in system.
A Ãrea de InteraÃÃo Humano-Computador (IHC) tem sugerido muitas formas para avaliar sistemas a fim de melhorar sua usabilidade e a eXperiÃncia do UsuÃrio (UX). O surgimento da web 2.0 permitiu o desenvolvimento de aplicaÃÃes marcadas pela colaboraÃÃo, comunicaÃÃo e interatividade entre seus usuÃrios de uma forma e em uma escala nunca antes observadas. Sistemas Sociais (SS) (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn etc.) sÃo exemplos dessas aplicaÃÃes e possuem caracterÃsticas como: frequente troca de mensagens e expressÃo de sentimentos de forma espontÃnea. As oportunidades e os desafios trazidos por esses tipos de aplicaÃÃes exigem que os mÃtodos tradicionais de avaliaÃÃo sejam repensados, considerando essas novas caracterÃsticas. Por exemplo, as postagens dos usuÃrios em SS revelam suas opiniÃes sobre diversos assuntos, inclusive sobre o que eles pensam do sistema em uso. Esta tese procura testar a hipÃtese de que as postagens dos usuÃrios em SS fornecem dados relevantes para avaliaÃÃo da Usabilidade e da UX (UUX) em SS. Durante as pesquisas realizadas na literatura, nÃo foi identificado nenhum modelo de avaliaÃÃo que tenha direcionado seu foco na coleta e anÃlise das postagens dos usuÃrios a fim de avaliar a UUX de um sistema em uso. Sendo assim, este estudo propÃe o MALTU â Modelo para AvaliaÃÃo da interaÃÃo em sistemas sociais a partir da Linguagem Textual do UsuÃrio. A fim de fornecer bases para o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto, foram realizados estudos de como os usuÃrios expressam suas opiniÃes sobre o sistema em lÃngua natural. Foram extraÃdas postagens de usuÃrios de quatro SS de contextos distintos. Tais postagens foram classificadas por especialistas de IHC, estudadas e processadas utilizando tÃcnicas de Processamento da Linguagem Natural (PLN) e mineraÃÃo de dados e, analisadas a fim da obtenÃÃo de um modelo genÃrico. O MALTU foi aplicado em dois SS: um de entretenimento e um SS educativo. Os resultados mostram que à possÃvel avaliar um sistema a partir das postagens dos usuÃrios em SS. Tais avaliaÃÃes sÃo auxiliadas por padrÃes de extraÃÃo relacionados ao uso, aos tipos de postagens e Ãs metas de IHC utilizadas na avaliaÃÃo do sistema.

Cette thèse propose une description morphosyntaxique de la langue xavante, parlée dans l'état du Mato Grosso (Brésil) et faisant partie de la famille des langues je, du phylum macro-jê. Le premier chapitre, consacré aux parties du discours, montre la distinction entre lexèmes nominaux, verbaux, adverbiaux, postpositions et particules. Dans un deuxième temps, la composante morphologique de la grammaire présente les caractéristiques formelles, flexionnelles et constructionnelles des lexèmes nominaux et verbaux. S'ensuit alors un chapitre dédié à la syntaxe, où sont décrites la structure interne des constituants (syntagmes et propositions) ainsi que leurs fonctions syntaxiques. Enfin, des observations sont faites sur la structure informationnelle de l'énoncé dans un dernier chapitre. Quelques hypothèses diachroniques, qui tentent d'apporter une vision générale sur certains aspects de la langue, sont proposées en guise de conclusion
This thesis offers a morphosyntactic description of the Xavante language, spoken in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil) and part of the je languages, of the macro-jê stock. The first chapter is concerned with parts of speech and shows the distinction between nominal, verbal, adverbial lexemes, postpositions and particles. The second chapter consists of the morphological component of the grammar and accounts for the formal, flexional and constructional characteristics of nominal and verbal lexemes. The following chapter deals with syntactic issues : it describes the internal structure and syntactic fonctions of constituents (phrases and clauses). Some observations on the informational structure of the sentence are given in the last chapter. In conclusion, we propose a few diachronic hypotheses which attempt to offer a general perspective on certain aspects of the language

Dans cette etude, la diffusion linguistique est prise dans son sens le plus large. Sans exclure l'enseignement, ce concept englobe aussi des modes de diffusion tels que les voyages, les contacts, le commerce, la circulation du livre, le theatre et les medias. Le francais peut etre considere comme une marque de distinction. Il fit son entree dans le systeme educatif maltais, en tant que discipline a part entiere, au xixe siecle. La langue francaise occupait souvent une place privilegiee dans les etablissements scolaires diriges par des congregations francaises. Paradoxalement, elle finit par consolider sa position lors de la "question de la langue". Le francais langue etrangere se constitua tradivement en champ et les enseignements maltais ont tendance a opter pour une pedagogie traditionnelle. Actuellement, ce sont les manifestations culturelles et la methodologie qui sont privilegiees dans le champ maltais de la diffusion
In this study, the expression "language diffusion" is used in its widest sense. Besides language teaching, this concept also includes the spreading of a language by means of travelling, contacts, commerce, books, the theatre and the media. French can also be considered as a distinctive feature. It became an academic subject during the 19th century. French teaching congregations played an important role in the spreading of the language in their schools. The position of the french languageimproved during the "language question". In malta, french as a foreign language took long to emerge as a "field". Maltese teachers tend to teach the language in a traditional way. At present, special importance in given to cultural activities and methodology in this field in malta

Cilj istraživanja doktorske disertacije je bio da se ukonitnuitetu ispita sadržaj ukupnih fenola, fenolnih kiselina ianitoksidativna aktivnost (antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH ihidroksil radikale) u toku proizvodnje slada i piva (u ječmu,namočenom ječmu, zelenom sladu, sladu, sladovini, ohmeljenojsladovini, sladovini tokom fermentacija, mladom pivu i pivu)proizvedenih od tri priznate sorte pivskog ječma: NS 525, NS565 i NS 583.Sadržaj ukupnih fenola u uzorcima ječma je bio: NS 525 -0,76; NS 565 - 0,75 i NS 583 - 0,70 mg GAE/g suve materije.Sadržaj ukupnih fenola u svim proizvednim sladovima (0,96;0,94 i 0,91 mg GAE/g suve materije za NS 525; NS 565 i NS583) je bio viši od sadržaja u ječmu. Sorta NS 525 je imalanajviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola tokom svih faza sladovanja, doksu sorte NS 565 i NS 583 imale niže sadržaje ukupnih fenola.Najniži sadržaj ukupnih fenola imala je sorta NS 583.U svim ispitivanim sortama ječma ferulna, p-kumarinska ivanilinska kiselina su bile dominantne u uzorcima ječma,tokom sladovanja i u proizvedenom sladu.Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina u ječmu je iznosio za sortuNS 525 - 200,98; NS 565 - 184,10 i za NS 583 – 177,27 μg/g suvematerije. Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina je rastao kod svihispitivanih sorti tokom močenja i dostigao maksimum u tokuprvog dana klijanja za NS 525 – 548,31; NS 565 – 518,65 i NS583 – 517,17 μg/g suve materije. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazalida je proces sladovanja imao značajan uticaj na sadržajpojedinačnih i ukupnih fenolnih kiselina.Sorta NS 525 je imala najvišu antiradikalsku aktivnost naDPPH radikale (EC50 za NS 525 - 0,658; NS 565 - 0,667 i NS583 - 0,758 mg/ml) što pokazuje da sorta ječma ima uticaja naantiradikalsku aktivnost na DPPH radikale. Za ispitivane sorteječma, antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH radikale se povisilaznačajno tokom močenja. U proizvedenim sladovimaantiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH radikale bila je viša nego uječmu. Trend porasta i smanjenja antiradikalske aktivnosti naDPPH radikale tokom sladovanja je bio isti za sve ispitivanesorte ječma.Antiradikalska aktivnost na hidroksil radikale, izražena kaoEC50 vrednost, u ispitivanim sortama ječma je iznosila: NS 525– 0,352; NS 565 – 0,385 i NS 583 – 0,455 mg/ml. Može sezaključiti da je sorta NS 525 imala najvišu antiradikalskuaktivnost na hidroksil radikale. Antiradikalska aktivnost nahidroksil radikale se znatno povisila tokom močenja. Uproizvedenom sladu je antiradikalska aktivnost na hidroksilradikale bila viša nego u ječmu. Trend porasta i smanjenjaantiradikalske aktivnosti na hidroksil radikale tokomsladovanja je bio isti za sve ispitivane sorte ječma.Sorta NS 525 je imala najviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola kao inajvišu antioksidativnu aktivnost tj. DPPH i hidroksilantiradikalsku aktivnost. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da sortaječma može da utiče na antiradikalske osobine slada. Sorta NS525 je imala najviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola, ukupnih fenolnihkiselina i najvišu antiradikalsku aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksilradikale u toku sladovanja.U svim proizvedenim sladovinama, ohmeljenim sladovinama ipivima, ferulna, p-kumarinska, vanilinska i sinapinska kiselinasu imale najviše sadržaje. Sadržaj svih ispitivanih fenolnihkiselina je povišen nakon hmeljenja. Najviši ukupni sadržajfenolnih kiselina je odreñen u ohmeljenim sladovinama (NS525 - 461,41, NS 565 - 426,22 i NS 583 - 423,56 μg/100ml).Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina je u svim proizvedenimpivima bio niži u odnosu na odgovarajuće ohmeljene sladovine.U sladovini proizvedenoj iz slada NS 525 je odreñena najvišaantiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksil radikale štoukazuje da antiradikalska aktivnosti komponenti slada imauticaja na antiradikalsku aktivnost proizvedene sladovine. Uispitivanim sladovinama, nakon hmeljenja se znatno povisilaantiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksil radikale.Antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksil radikale sesmanjila tokom glavne i naknadne fermentacije.U sladovini proizvedenoj od slada NS 525 sa najvišimsadržajem ukupnih fenola i ukupnih fenolnih kiselinaodreñena je najviša antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH ihidroksil radikale. Tokom proizvodnje piva sadržaj ukupnihfenola se blago smanjio, što ukazuje da je proces proizvodnjeimao uticaja na njihov sadržaj. Trend smanjenjaantiradikalske aktivnosti na DPPH i hidroksil radikaleodgovara smanjenju sadržaja ukupnih fenola i ukupnihfenolnih kiselina tokom procesa proizvodnje piva.Primenjena GC-MS metoda za odreñivanje sadržaja fenolnihkiselina tokom procesa proizvodnje slada i piva se pokazalakao osetljiva, specifična i dobre ponovljivosti. Može seprimeniti za odreñivanje sadržaja fenolnih kiselina u ječmu,namočenom ječmu, zelenom sladu, sladu, sladovini, ohmeljenojsladovini, tokom fermentacije i u pivu.Sadržaj ukupnih fenola, fenolnih kiselina i antioksidativnaaktivnost slada, koji se koristi za proizvodnju piva, imajuznačajan uticaj na antioksidativnu aktivnost piva.Razumevanje promena sadržaja fenolnih kiselina iantioksidativne aktivnosti tokom proizvodnje slada i piva moženam pružiti vredne informacije o zaštiti endogenihantioksidanata u proizvodnji piva. Na taj način mogu seproizvoditi piva sa višom antioksidativnom aktivnošću i prematome i povišenom otpornošću prema lipidnoj oksidaciji istarenju piva.
Studies carried out in the frame of the doctorial thesisaimed at continuous determination of the content oftotal phenolics, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity(antiradical activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals)during malt and beer production (in barley, steepedbarley, green malt, malt, wort, hopped wort,fermenting wort, green beer, and beer) produced fromthree accepted brewer’s barley varieties: NS 525, NS565, and NS 583.The total phenolics content in the barley samples was0.76 for NS 525, 0.75 for NS 565 and 0.70 mg GAE/gdry matter (d.m.) for NS 583. Higher content of totalphenolics was determined in the malt samples incomparison with the barley samples: (0.96, 0.94, and0.91 mg GAE/g d.m. for NS 525, NS 565, and NS 583,respectively). Variety NS 525 was the highest in totalphenolics content during all stages of malting whencompared to the other varieties. The lowest content oftotal phenolics was found in the variety NS 583.In all examined samples, ferulic, p-coumaric andvanillic acid dominated in the barley samples, duringmalting and in the produced malts.Content of total phenolic acids in the barley sampleswas 200.98 for NS 525, 184.10 for NS 565 and 177.27mg/g d.m. for NS 583. During steeping, the content oftotal phenolic acids increased for all samples reachingthe maximum at the first day of germination (NS 525 –548.31; NS 565 – 518.65, and NS 583 – 517.17 μg/gd.m.). The obtained results revealed that the maltingprocess had significant impact on the content of totaland individual phenolic acids.Variety NS 525 showed the highest antiradical activityon DPPH radicals (EC50 for NS 525 was 0.658, for NS565 0.667, and for NS 583 0.758 mg/ml) indicating thatbarley variety influences the antiradical activity onDPPH radicals. Antiradical activity on DPPH radicalssignificantly increased during steeping for allinvestigated barley varieties. Higher antiradicalactivity on DPPH radicals was determined inproduced malts when compared to correspondingbarley varieties. Similar increasing and decreasingtrends in the antiradical activity on DPPH radicalsduring malting were observed in all investigatedbarley varieties.The antiradical activity on hydroxyl radicals,expressed as EC50 value, in investigated barleyvarieties, was: 0.325 for NS 525, 0.385 for NS 565, and0.455 mg/ml for NS 583. It can be concluded thatbarley variety NS 525 showed the highest antiradicalactivity on hydroxyl radicals. The antiradical activityon hydroxyl radicals significantly increased duringsteeping. Higher antiradical activity on hydroxylradicals was determined in produced malts whencompared to corresponding barley varieties. Similarincreasing and decreasing trends in the antiradicalactivity on hydroxyl radicals during malting wereobserved in all investigated samples.Variety NS 525 had the highest content of totalphenolics and exhibited the highest antioxidantactivity that is antiradical activity on DPPH andhydroxyl radicals. These results suggest that varietycan influence the malt antiradical properties. VarietyNS 525 was the highest in total phenolics content, totalphenolic acids content and antiradical activity onDPPH and hydroxyl radicals during malting.The highest contents of ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic,and sinapic acids were determined in all wort, hoppedwort and beer samples. Increased contents of allphenolic acids were observed after hopping. Thehighest content of total phenolic acids was determinedin the hopped worts (461.41 for NS 525, 426.22 for NS565, and 423.56 μg/100 ml for NS 583. The beerscontained less total phenolic acids when compared tothe corresponding hopped worts.Wort produced from NS 525 malt showed the highestantiradical activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radicalswhich indicates that the antiradical activity of maltcomponents affects the antiradical activity in producedwort. After hopping, antiradical activity on DPPH andhydroxyl radicals significantly increased in all worts.The antiradical activity on DPPH and hydroxylradicals decreased during primary and secondaryfermentation.Wort produced from NS 525 malt contained thehighest total phenolic content, total phenolic acidscontent and showed the highest antiradical activity onDPPH and hydroxyl radicals. During beer production,content of total phenolic compounds slightly decreasedwhich indicates that production process had aninfluence on their content. Similar decreasing trendsbetween the antiradical activity on DPPH andhydroxyl radicals and the contents of total phenolicsand total phenolic acids during beer production wereobserved.The applied GC-MS method for determination ofphenolic acids contents during malt and beerproduction was sensitive, specific and had goodrepeatability. It can be used for determination ofphenolic acids content in barley, steeped barley, greenmalt, malt, wort, hopped wort, during fermentationand in beer.The content of total phenolics, phenolic acids andantioxidant activity of malt used for beer productionhave significant influence on the beer antioxidantactivity. Understanding how the phenolic acids andantioxidant activity change during malt and beerproduction can provide valuable information aboutthe protection of endogenous antioxidants in beerproduction. In this way, the production of beer withenhanced antioxidant activity is possible and thereforehigher resistance to lipid oxidation and longer shelflifecould be introduced.

Este trabalho procura explorar o ponto de vista de Aquino Corrêa, que pressupõe a adoção de um comportamento crítico diante do poema, assentado na análise da forma e do conteúdo, admitindo a existência de uma norma de uso da língua na modalidade literária capaz de expressar na obra a distinção dessas duas entidades: a forma e a matéria ou fundo. A perspectiva adotada para a realização deste estudo foi a de análise do discurso crítico com que Aquino Corrêa analisa estas duas entidades para determinar a função das obras, no interior do sistema literário de onde elas emergiram. Alicerçados na sua biobibliografia elegemos os pontos fundamentais que sustentam o estilo particular do escritor e os critérios que o mesmo defende para conceber o texto elevado à categoria de literário mediante o tratamento dispensado à forma e ao conteúdo. O princípio teórico fundamental desta tese assenta-se na concepção da natureza universal do texto literário constituído como expressão de um conteúdo que ganha uma forma determinada tanto no processo de escrita quanto de análise do texto, implicando em procedimentos essenciais à realização da crítica literária, a qual visualiza a obra configurada no desabrochamento simultâneo de uma estrutura e de um pensamento, no amálgama solidário de uma forma e de uma experiência individual. Nesta relação, distinguemse a literatura enquanto arte criativa e os estudos literários como um enfoque especializado do texto que possibilita à crítica traduzir a experiência criativa da literatura através de procedimentos específicos que a subsidiam e a legitimam.Neste prisma em que o texto é analisado nas suas categorias estruturais e nas relações de significação com o autor, a língua literária subordina-se a determinadas normas lingüísticas que funcionam como reguladoras dos procedimentos tanto de elaboração como de avaliação crítica do texto, promovendo a depuração dos excessos tanto da linguagem revolucionária dos modernistas quanto dos resíduos lusófilos dos tradicionalistas (LEITE, 2006: 31).
This work looks for to explore point of view of the Aquino Corrêa that ahead estimates the adoption of a critical behavior of the poem seated in the analysis of the form and the content, admitting the existence of a norm of use of the language in the literary modality capable to express in the workmanship the distinction of these two entities: the form and the contents or the deep substance.The perspective adopted for the accomplishment of this study was of analysis of the critical speech with that Aquino Corrêa analyzes these two entities to determine the function of the workmanships in the interior of the literary system of where they had emerged. The basis of our argument is in his biobibliography we choose the basic points that support the particular style of the writer and the criteria that the same defends to conceive the high text to the literary category by means of the treatment excused to the form and the content.The theoretical basic principle of this thesis is based in the conception of the universal nature of the literary text consisting in the place where the content in such a way gains definitive form for the process of writing how much of analysis of the text implying in essential procedures to the literary accomplishment of the critical one, which analyzes the workmanship configured in the simultaneous unclasping of a structure and a thought, in the solidary amalgam of a form and an individual experience. In this relation they distinguish it literature while creative art and the literary studies as one specialized approach from the text that it makes possible to the critical one to translate creative of literature the experience through specific procedures that subsidize it and they legitimize it. In this prism where the text is analyzed in its structural categories and the relations of means with the author, the literary language subordinates it definitive linguistics norms that they function in such a way as regulating of the procedures of elaboration as of critical evaluation of the text, promoting the purification of the excesses in such a way of the revolutionary language of the modern movement how much of the lusófilos residues of the traditionalists (LEITE, 2006:31).

No Brasil, como no resto do mundo, o estudo de variedades diatópicas da língua tradicionalmente se pautou em pesquisas topostáticas, em que se privilegiou a fala de indivíduos nascidos e criados na localidade, portanto falantes de uma variedade mais conservadora e reveladora de um estágio “anterior, original” da língua. A combinação de critérios como o processo de povoamento, a antiguidade e o grau de isolamento de um lugar em relação a outros mais dinâmicos para determinar os pontos de observação de estudos desta natureza, tornou-se assim uma prática dominante. Contrariamente, o estudo de comunidades “jovens”, de formação recente, moldadas pelo fluxo migratório da população e, deste modo, locus de contatos linguísticos variados (entre línguas distintas e/ou entre variedades de uma mesma língua), parecem ter sido ignoradas pela pesquisa, durante muito tempo. O norte do Mato Grosso, onde se desenvolve esta tese, é um exemplo dessa tendência da pesquisa, daí a escolha do tema, a Topodinâmica da variação do português gaúcho em áreas de contato intervarietal no Mato Grosso, buscar preencher essa lacuna. São objetivos deste estudo 1) descrever o comportamento linguístico de migrantes gaúchos e de seus descendentes em contato com outras variedades regionais da língua portuguesa, a fim de 2) averiguar em que medida as relações sócio-econômico-culturais implicaram a manutenção, variação ou mudança de marcas linguísticas da variedade do português rio-grandense desses migrantes. Para tanto, correlacionaram-se diferentes dimensões de análise, em especial as dimensões diatópica, diageracional, diastrática, diassexual, diafásica, diarreferencial e contatual. O estudo desenvolveu-se em três localidades de pesquisa caracterizadas fundamentalmente pela topodinâmica da língua e dos falantes: Porto dos Gaúchos (MT01), Sinop (MT02) e Sorriso (MT03). Estes pontos configuram-se em uma extensão do processo histórico de ocupação do Oeste de Santa Catarina e Sudoeste do Paraná, como atestam Schaefer (1985) e Souza (2008). Criados entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, esses lugares foram colonizados a partir da implementação de Empresas Privadas responsáveis por estabelecer núcleos urbanos com condições básicas que assegurassem tanto o desenvolvimento econômico do “Novo Eldorado” quanto a acolhida dos migrantes provenientes, sobretudo, da região Sul do Brasil. Em certo sentido, o perfil sócio-cultural dos colonos migrantes dessa área coincidiu com o dos informantes do Atlas Linguístico-Etnográfico da Região Sul do Brasil (ALERS). Pode-se, por isso, hipotetizar que a fala registrada pelo ALERS se aproxima da fala dos migrantes sulistas pioneiros estabelecidos nesses pontos. Sendo assim, os dados do ALERS constituem uma base de comparação importante da topodinâmica do português falado na matriz de origem e na área de chegada, no norte do Mato Grosso. Na elaboração do questionário aplicado na pesquisa de campo desta tese foram utilizadas, em grande parte, perguntas feitas pelo ALERS. A seleção de informantes considerou as dimensões diassexual (masculino vs. feminino), diastrática (Ca - alfabetizados com até o ensino médio completo vs. Cb - com nível superior) e diageracional (GI - jovens de 18 a 36 anos vs. GII - idosos acima de 50 anos). Já a constituição do corpus, um conjunto de variáveis linguísticas em diferentes níveis (fonético-fonológicos, semântico-lexicais e morfossintáticos) correlacionadas com dimensões extralinguísticas (dados sociológicos referentes aos informantes e às localidades) e a análise se pautou em princípios teórico-metodológicos da geolinguística pluridimensional e contatual e de outras disciplinas afins, como a sociologia da linguagem. A apreciação dos dados aponta diferentes fatores para a manutenção da variedade linguística inventariada no Sul do Brasil, tais como: o papel socioeconômico dos sulistas na região norte mato-grossense, a transmissão entre gerações dessa variedade, os recursos midiáticos e a gênese da criação histórica de cada localidade pesquisada. A covariação entre as formas [+RS] e as [-RS] são mais evidentes no nível lexical, enquanto os casos de mudança se manifestam, sobretudo, na fala dos informantes jovens no nível fonético.
In Brazil, as in the rest of the world, the study of diatopics varieties of language traditionally was based on topostatics research, which have privileged the speech of people born and raised in some locallity, so speakers of a more conservative and revealing variety of a stage "previous, original " of language. The combination of criteria as the settlement process, the age and the degree of isolation of a place in relation to others more dynamic to determine the points of observational studies of this nature, become a dominant practice. In contrast, the study of "young" communities, recently formed, shaped by migration of the population and thus locus of varied linguistic contact (between different languages and / or between varieties of the same language) seem to have been ignored by search for a long time. The northern Mato Grosso, where it develops this thesis, one example of this trend research, hence the choice of subject, the Topodinamics of gaúcho Portuguese on intervarietal contact areas at Mato Grosso), seek to fill this gap. The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the linguistic behavior of gauchos migrants and their descendants in contact with other regional varieties of the Portuguese language in order to 2) determine how much the social, economic and cultural relations involved in the maintenance, variation or change of language marks of the variety of Portuguese Rio-Grandense's migrants. Therefore, correlated analysis in different dimensions, especially the diatopic, diagenerational, diastratic, diasexual, diaphasic, diareferential and contactual. The study was developed in three research locations fundamentally characterized by topodinamics from language and speakers: Porto dos Gauchos (MT01), Sinop (MT02) and Sorriso (MT03). These points were configured as extension of the historical process of occupation of the West of Santa Catarina and Paraná Southwest, as evidenced by Schaefer (1985) and Souza (2008). Created between the 1950s and 1980s, these places were colonized from the implementation of Private Companies responsible for establishing urban centers with basic conditions that would ensure both the economic development of the "New Eldorado" as the reception of migrants coming mainly from the region southern of Brazil. In some sense, the socio-cultural profile of migrant settlers of this area coincided with the informants og Language-Ethnographic Atlas of Southern Brazil (ALERS). We can therefore hypothesize that speech recorded by ALERS approaches the speech of southern migrants pioneers set out in those points. Thus, the ALERS data are an important basis of comparison of topodinamics of spoken Portugueses in the source array and arrival area in northern Mato Grosso. In preparing the questionnaire applied in the field research of this thesis, were used largely, questions asked by ALERS. The choice of informants has considered the diassexual dimensions (male vs. female), diastratic (Ca - literate up to complete high school vs. Cb - with higher education) and diagenerational (GI – young people from 18-36 years vs. GII - elderly above 50 years). The corpus formation has considered a set of linguistic variables at different levels (phonetic-phonological, lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic) correlated to extra-linguistic dimensions (sociological data related to informants and locations) and was analyzed from the theoretical and methodological principles of pluridimensional geolinguistics and contactual and other related disciplines such as sociology of language. The data assessment points out different factors for the linguistic diversity maintenance inventoried in southern region of Brazil, such as the socioeconomic role of southerners in the north of Mato Grosso, the intergenerational transmission of this variety, the media resources and the genesis of historical creation of each studied area. The covariance between the "gaucho" and "non-gaucho" forms are more evident on the lexical degree, while cases of change are manifested primarily in the speech of young informants in phonetic and morphosyntactic degrees.

AbstractThis chapter delves into the project’s evolution after the successful publication of books on the Escazú Agreement in English and Portuguese. The initiative shifted focus towards disseminating the knowledge contained in these works to the Chiquitano communities in Mato Grosso and sharing project results in academic fora and international conferences. The reception of these books was enthusiastic among both indigenous and scientific communities, garnering positive feedback. One notable suggestion emerged prominently: the urgent need to develop a Spanish version. This recommendation was driven by the widespread prevalence of Spanish as a major language in Latin American and Caribbean countries, including Bolivia, where the majority of Chiquitano communities reside. Therefore, this chapter explores the process of expanding the initiative to include a Spanish version, emphasizing its significance and implications for promoting indigenous rights and environmental protection. Adapting the project to this crucial language aims to ensure broader and more effective access to information about the Escazú Agreement, thereby strengthening indigenous community participation and fostering environmental protection in the region.

This paper presents a study on approaches to sentiment analysis in the Portuguese language, having as a case study the theme films. The paper proposes the comparison of framework approaches: Naive Bayes, which is a probabilistic classifier, OpLexicon, which is a lexical dictionary of the Portuguese language, and the Committee approach, composed by the Naive Bayes and OpLexicon algorithms.

This study created a model of supervised machine learning to help health professionals diagnose patients. By using the Watson Natural Language Understanding and Watson Knowledge Studio it was possible to predict, given the symptoms, the probability of each disease. Our model of machine learning was able to extract all the required data directly from the electronic health reports.

Sentiment Analysis aims extract subjective information from texts that, when written in Portuguese face a number of difficulties. In order to collaborate with research in the area, this project proposes the comparison of different approaches of sentiment analysis in the context of the Portuguese language. As object of application of the study, will be collected tweets related to the volleyball theme for creation of a database. The approaches considered in this study are based in machine learning, based in not supervisioned learning (lexical) and based in committee.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a systematic literature review based on studiesthat approach the development or use of existing technologies andtools for the implementation of remote robotics laboratories aimedat education.We sought to answer technical and motivational questionsthat provide information that collaborate for the developmentand implementation of remote robotics laboratories in educationalinstitutions. The aspects studied include: architecture, user interface,robotic platforms, cameras, programming languages types andmotivation. The results discussed here will be used as basis for aresearch development, aiming at the implementation of a remoteand experimental robotics laboratory at the Mato Grosso do SulFederal Institute of Education, Science and Technology.