Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malto language'

We have studied the tourism industry for three years, and we were interested in finding a different subject to conclude our studies. Language Tourism, a fairly small but upcoming niche in tourism, and one in which we have some experience, promised to be an interesting dissertation subject. In Europe there are three countries where English is a mother tongue – the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta. The dissertation focuses on Malta.

Malta is a small island state in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily. The island state has three islands, Malta, Gozo and Comino, and together they enjoy a huge number of tourists, particularly in the summer months when the warm climate makes a good sun and sea destination. The summer season is officially June to August, so there is a problem concerning what to do when the last tourist leaves the island after their summer holiday. The tourism industry has a huge impact on the country and sustains around 30 per cent of the country´s total GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Malta has been promoted for a long time as a sea-side destination, and the Maltese Government Tourist Board traditionally promoted the island for sun, sea and sand, and popular culture.

Back in the 1980s Malta had an established reputation. The Maltese Government now wanted to attract a different type of tourist, the ‘quality tourist’. The type of tourist they wanted to attract would also visit the island during the shoulder months. They were talking about the cultural tourist.

The importance of good cooperation between the language schools and the Malta Tourism Authority is a high priority if the development of steady all-year-round tourism is to be a possibility. Being an island state Malta is likely to suffer more from the issue of seasonality, as islands in general tend to be affected more than inland and coastal destinations. However, Malta's climate is a major pulling factor.

Language tourism has grown on the island since the 1960´s; today there are between 40 and 50 schools registered on the island. There are three important factors contributing to a language trip: courses, teachers and the leisure programme. Even though Malta is facing competition from nearby destinations in the Mediterranean, it is on its own in this niche market and able to offer students a warm, friendly welcome with a combination of a unique experience and learning.

Le chevalier de l’Ordre de Malte est à la fois un religieux et un militaire, formé aux arts de la guerre sur terre comme en mer. La « Religion », l’Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, possède de nombreux biens sur le territoire français, lui conférant la particularité d’être un véritable État dans l’État. L’Ordre répartit ses possessions en Langue, dont la Langue de Provence couvrant la France méridionale constitue sa première fondation historique. Les chevaliers sont alors tenus de passer des commandes artistiques pour embellir ces biens qu’ils administrent. Certains font à cet égard figure d’esthètes en s’intéressant de près aux cercles artistiques locaux, que ceux-ci soient académiques ou non. Réalisée à partir des grands exemples connus en Langue de Provence, cette étude consiste d’abord à analyser et à définir, selon une approche sociologique, les pratiques de la commande artistique des chevaliers. Dans un second et troisième temps, il s’agit plusspécifiquement de saisir les enjeux iconographiques et stylistiques des réalisations. Enfin, les systèmes d’échanges artistiques entre Malte et la Langue de Provence sont observés. Ceux-ci témoignent du rôle des chevaliers dans l’émergence de nouvelles représentations concernant leur Ordre et son île. Cette thèse cherche à comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent l’exercice du mécénat et leurs répercussions sur l’ensemble d’une production artistique
A knight of the Order of Malta was both a monastic and a soldier trained in the arts of land and sea warfare. The “Religion” – the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem – owned much property in France, thereby earning the quality of State within a State. The Order divided its possessions into Langues, of which the Langue of Provence covering southern France was aninitial foundation. The knights had the duty to commission works of art to embellish the properties they governed. Some of them showed true aestheticism and took great interest in local artistic circles, academic or otherwise. This paper starts by taking some well-known works in the Langue of Provence to analyse and describe the practice of artistic commission by the knights from a sociological standpoint. It goes on go discuss more specifically the iconographic and stylistic features of the works and then examines the systems of art exchanges between Malta and the Langue of Provence which highlight the part played by the knights in the development of new representations of their Order and its island. The thesis aims to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms at work in the practice of patronage and their impact on artistic output as a whole

The field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has suggested various methods for evaluating systems in order to improve their usability and User eXperience (UX). The advent of Web 2.0 has allowed the development of applications marked by collaboration, communication and interaction among their users in a way and on a scale never seen before. Social Systems (SS) (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn etc.) are examples of such applications and have features such as: frequent exchange of messages, spontaneity and expression of feelings. The opportunities and challenges posed by these types of applications require the traditional evaluation methods to be reassessed, taking into consideration these new characteristics. For instance, the postings of users on SS reveal their opinions on various issues, including on what they think of the system. This work aims to test the hypothesis that the postings of users in SS provide relevant data for evaluation of the usability and of UX in SS. While researching through literature, we have not identified any evaluation model intending to collect and interpret texts from users in order to assess the user experience and system usability. Thus, this thesis proposes MALTU - Model for evaluation of interaction in social systems from the Users Textual Language. In order to provide a basis for the development of the proposed model, we conducted a study of how users express their opinions on the system in natural language. We extracted postings of users from four SS of different contexts. HCI experts classified, studied and processed such postings by using Natural Language Processing (PLN) techniques and data mining, and then analyzed them in order to obtain a generic model. The MALTU was applied in two SS: an entertainment and an educational SS. The results show that is possible to evaluate a system from the postings of users in SS. Such assessments are aided by extraction patterns related to the use, to the types of postings and to HCI factors used in system.
A Ãrea de InteraÃÃo Humano-Computador (IHC) tem sugerido muitas formas para avaliar sistemas a fim de melhorar sua usabilidade e a eXperiÃncia do UsuÃrio (UX). O surgimento da web 2.0 permitiu o desenvolvimento de aplicaÃÃes marcadas pela colaboraÃÃo, comunicaÃÃo e interatividade entre seus usuÃrios de uma forma e em uma escala nunca antes observadas. Sistemas Sociais (SS) (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn etc.) sÃo exemplos dessas aplicaÃÃes e possuem caracterÃsticas como: frequente troca de mensagens e expressÃo de sentimentos de forma espontÃnea. As oportunidades e os desafios trazidos por esses tipos de aplicaÃÃes exigem que os mÃtodos tradicionais de avaliaÃÃo sejam repensados, considerando essas novas caracterÃsticas. Por exemplo, as postagens dos usuÃrios em SS revelam suas opiniÃes sobre diversos assuntos, inclusive sobre o que eles pensam do sistema em uso. Esta tese procura testar a hipÃtese de que as postagens dos usuÃrios em SS fornecem dados relevantes para avaliaÃÃo da Usabilidade e da UX (UUX) em SS. Durante as pesquisas realizadas na literatura, nÃo foi identificado nenhum modelo de avaliaÃÃo que tenha direcionado seu foco na coleta e anÃlise das postagens dos usuÃrios a fim de avaliar a UUX de um sistema em uso. Sendo assim, este estudo propÃe o MALTU â Modelo para AvaliaÃÃo da interaÃÃo em sistemas sociais a partir da Linguagem Textual do UsuÃrio. A fim de fornecer bases para o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto, foram realizados estudos de como os usuÃrios expressam suas opiniÃes sobre o sistema em lÃngua natural. Foram extraÃdas postagens de usuÃrios de quatro SS de contextos distintos. Tais postagens foram classificadas por especialistas de IHC, estudadas e processadas utilizando tÃcnicas de Processamento da Linguagem Natural (PLN) e mineraÃÃo de dados e, analisadas a fim da obtenÃÃo de um modelo genÃrico. O MALTU foi aplicado em dois SS: um de entretenimento e um SS educativo. Os resultados mostram que à possÃvel avaliar um sistema a partir das postagens dos usuÃrios em SS. Tais avaliaÃÃes sÃo auxiliadas por padrÃes de extraÃÃo relacionados ao uso, aos tipos de postagens e Ãs metas de IHC utilizadas na avaliaÃÃo do sistema.

Cette thèse propose une description morphosyntaxique de la langue xavante, parlée dans l'état du Mato Grosso (Brésil) et faisant partie de la famille des langues je, du phylum macro-jê. Le premier chapitre, consacré aux parties du discours, montre la distinction entre lexèmes nominaux, verbaux, adverbiaux, postpositions et particules. Dans un deuxième temps, la composante morphologique de la grammaire présente les caractéristiques formelles, flexionnelles et constructionnelles des lexèmes nominaux et verbaux. S'ensuit alors un chapitre dédié à la syntaxe, où sont décrites la structure interne des constituants (syntagmes et propositions) ainsi que leurs fonctions syntaxiques. Enfin, des observations sont faites sur la structure informationnelle de l'énoncé dans un dernier chapitre. Quelques hypothèses diachroniques, qui tentent d'apporter une vision générale sur certains aspects de la langue, sont proposées en guise de conclusion
This thesis offers a morphosyntactic description of the Xavante language, spoken in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil) and part of the je languages, of the macro-jê stock. The first chapter is concerned with parts of speech and shows the distinction between nominal, verbal, adverbial lexemes, postpositions and particles. The second chapter consists of the morphological component of the grammar and accounts for the formal, flexional and constructional characteristics of nominal and verbal lexemes. The following chapter deals with syntactic issues : it describes the internal structure and syntactic fonctions of constituents (phrases and clauses). Some observations on the informational structure of the sentence are given in the last chapter. In conclusion, we propose a few diachronic hypotheses which attempt to offer a general perspective on certain aspects of the language

Dans cette etude, la diffusion linguistique est prise dans son sens le plus large. Sans exclure l'enseignement, ce concept englobe aussi des modes de diffusion tels que les voyages, les contacts, le commerce, la circulation du livre, le theatre et les medias. Le francais peut etre considere comme une marque de distinction. Il fit son entree dans le systeme educatif maltais, en tant que discipline a part entiere, au xixe siecle. La langue francaise occupait souvent une place privilegiee dans les etablissements scolaires diriges par des congregations francaises. Paradoxalement, elle finit par consolider sa position lors de la "question de la langue". Le francais langue etrangere se constitua tradivement en champ et les enseignements maltais ont tendance a opter pour une pedagogie traditionnelle. Actuellement, ce sont les manifestations culturelles et la methodologie qui sont privilegiees dans le champ maltais de la diffusion
In this study, the expression "language diffusion" is used in its widest sense. Besides language teaching, this concept also includes the spreading of a language by means of travelling, contacts, commerce, books, the theatre and the media. French can also be considered as a distinctive feature. It became an academic subject during the 19th century. French teaching congregations played an important role in the spreading of the language in their schools. The position of the french languageimproved during the "language question". In malta, french as a foreign language took long to emerge as a "field". Maltese teachers tend to teach the language in a traditional way. At present, special importance in given to cultural activities and methodology in this field in malta

Cilj istraživanja doktorske disertacije je bio da se ukonitnuitetu ispita sadržaj ukupnih fenola, fenolnih kiselina ianitoksidativna aktivnost (antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH ihidroksil radikale) u toku proizvodnje slada i piva (u ječmu,namočenom ječmu, zelenom sladu, sladu, sladovini, ohmeljenojsladovini, sladovini tokom fermentacija, mladom pivu i pivu)proizvedenih od tri priznate sorte pivskog ječma: NS 525, NS565 i NS 583.Sadržaj ukupnih fenola u uzorcima ječma je bio: NS 525 -0,76; NS 565 - 0,75 i NS 583 - 0,70 mg GAE/g suve materije.Sadržaj ukupnih fenola u svim proizvednim sladovima (0,96;0,94 i 0,91 mg GAE/g suve materije za NS 525; NS 565 i NS583) je bio viši od sadržaja u ječmu. Sorta NS 525 je imalanajviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola tokom svih faza sladovanja, doksu sorte NS 565 i NS 583 imale niže sadržaje ukupnih fenola.Najniži sadržaj ukupnih fenola imala je sorta NS 583.U svim ispitivanim sortama ječma ferulna, p-kumarinska ivanilinska kiselina su bile dominantne u uzorcima ječma,tokom sladovanja i u proizvedenom sladu.Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina u ječmu je iznosio za sortuNS 525 - 200,98; NS 565 - 184,10 i za NS 583 – 177,27 μg/g suvematerije. Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina je rastao kod svihispitivanih sorti tokom močenja i dostigao maksimum u tokuprvog dana klijanja za NS 525 – 548,31; NS 565 – 518,65 i NS583 – 517,17 μg/g suve materije. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazalida je proces sladovanja imao značajan uticaj na sadržajpojedinačnih i ukupnih fenolnih kiselina.Sorta NS 525 je imala najvišu antiradikalsku aktivnost naDPPH radikale (EC50 za NS 525 - 0,658; NS 565 - 0,667 i NS583 - 0,758 mg/ml) što pokazuje da sorta ječma ima uticaja naantiradikalsku aktivnost na DPPH radikale. Za ispitivane sorteječma, antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH radikale se povisilaznačajno tokom močenja. U proizvedenim sladovimaantiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH radikale bila je viša nego uječmu. Trend porasta i smanjenja antiradikalske aktivnosti naDPPH radikale tokom sladovanja je bio isti za sve ispitivanesorte ječma.Antiradikalska aktivnost na hidroksil radikale, izražena kaoEC50 vrednost, u ispitivanim sortama ječma je iznosila: NS 525– 0,352; NS 565 – 0,385 i NS 583 – 0,455 mg/ml. Može sezaključiti da je sorta NS 525 imala najvišu antiradikalskuaktivnost na hidroksil radikale. Antiradikalska aktivnost nahidroksil radikale se znatno povisila tokom močenja. Uproizvedenom sladu je antiradikalska aktivnost na hidroksilradikale bila viša nego u ječmu. Trend porasta i smanjenjaantiradikalske aktivnosti na hidroksil radikale tokomsladovanja je bio isti za sve ispitivane sorte ječma.Sorta NS 525 je imala najviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola kao inajvišu antioksidativnu aktivnost tj. DPPH i hidroksilantiradikalsku aktivnost. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da sortaječma može da utiče na antiradikalske osobine slada. Sorta NS525 je imala najviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola, ukupnih fenolnihkiselina i najvišu antiradikalsku aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksilradikale u toku sladovanja.U svim proizvedenim sladovinama, ohmeljenim sladovinama ipivima, ferulna, p-kumarinska, vanilinska i sinapinska kiselinasu imale najviše sadržaje. Sadržaj svih ispitivanih fenolnihkiselina je povišen nakon hmeljenja. Najviši ukupni sadržajfenolnih kiselina je odreñen u ohmeljenim sladovinama (NS525 - 461,41, NS 565 - 426,22 i NS 583 - 423,56 μg/100ml).Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina je u svim proizvedenimpivima bio niži u odnosu na odgovarajuće ohmeljene sladovine.U sladovini proizvedenoj iz slada NS 525 je odreñena najvišaantiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksil radikale štoukazuje da antiradikalska aktivnosti komponenti slada imauticaja na antiradikalsku aktivnost proizvedene sladovine. Uispitivanim sladovinama, nakon hmeljenja se znatno povisilaantiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksil radikale.Antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH i hidroksil radikale sesmanjila tokom glavne i naknadne fermentacije.U sladovini proizvedenoj od slada NS 525 sa najvišimsadržajem ukupnih fenola i ukupnih fenolnih kiselinaodreñena je najviša antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH ihidroksil radikale. Tokom proizvodnje piva sadržaj ukupnihfenola se blago smanjio, što ukazuje da je proces proizvodnjeimao uticaja na njihov sadržaj. Trend smanjenjaantiradikalske aktivnosti na DPPH i hidroksil radikaleodgovara smanjenju sadržaja ukupnih fenola i ukupnihfenolnih kiselina tokom procesa proizvodnje piva.Primenjena GC-MS metoda za odreñivanje sadržaja fenolnihkiselina tokom procesa proizvodnje slada i piva se pokazalakao osetljiva, specifična i dobre ponovljivosti. Može seprimeniti za odreñivanje sadržaja fenolnih kiselina u ječmu,namočenom ječmu, zelenom sladu, sladu, sladovini, ohmeljenojsladovini, tokom fermentacije i u pivu.Sadržaj ukupnih fenola, fenolnih kiselina i antioksidativnaaktivnost slada, koji se koristi za proizvodnju piva, imajuznačajan uticaj na antioksidativnu aktivnost piva.Razumevanje promena sadržaja fenolnih kiselina iantioksidativne aktivnosti tokom proizvodnje slada i piva moženam pružiti vredne informacije o zaštiti endogenihantioksidanata u proizvodnji piva. Na taj način mogu seproizvoditi piva sa višom antioksidativnom aktivnošću i prematome i povišenom otpornošću prema lipidnoj oksidaciji istarenju piva.
Studies carried out in the frame of the doctorial thesisaimed at continuous determination of the content oftotal phenolics, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity(antiradical activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals)during malt and beer production (in barley, steepedbarley, green malt, malt, wort, hopped wort,fermenting wort, green beer, and beer) produced fromthree accepted brewer’s barley varieties: NS 525, NS565, and NS 583.The total phenolics content in the barley samples was0.76 for NS 525, 0.75 for NS 565 and 0.70 mg GAE/gdry matter (d.m.) for NS 583. Higher content of totalphenolics was determined in the malt samples incomparison with the barley samples: (0.96, 0.94, and0.91 mg GAE/g d.m. for NS 525, NS 565, and NS 583,respectively). Variety NS 525 was the highest in totalphenolics content during all stages of malting whencompared to the other varieties. The lowest content oftotal phenolics was found in the variety NS 583.In all examined samples, ferulic, p-coumaric andvanillic acid dominated in the barley samples, duringmalting and in the produced malts.Content of total phenolic acids in the barley sampleswas 200.98 for NS 525, 184.10 for NS 565 and 177.27mg/g d.m. for NS 583. During steeping, the content oftotal phenolic acids increased for all samples reachingthe maximum at the first day of germination (NS 525 –548.31; NS 565 – 518.65, and NS 583 – 517.17 μg/gd.m.). The obtained results revealed that the maltingprocess had significant impact on the content of totaland individual phenolic acids.Variety NS 525 showed the highest antiradical activityon DPPH radicals (EC50 for NS 525 was 0.658, for NS565 0.667, and for NS 583 0.758 mg/ml) indicating thatbarley variety influences the antiradical activity onDPPH radicals. Antiradical activity on DPPH radicalssignificantly increased during steeping for allinvestigated barley varieties. Higher antiradicalactivity on DPPH radicals was determined inproduced malts when compared to correspondingbarley varieties. Similar increasing and decreasingtrends in the antiradical activity on DPPH radicalsduring malting were observed in all investigatedbarley varieties.The antiradical activity on hydroxyl radicals,expressed as EC50 value, in investigated barleyvarieties, was: 0.325 for NS 525, 0.385 for NS 565, and0.455 mg/ml for NS 583. It can be concluded thatbarley variety NS 525 showed the highest antiradicalactivity on hydroxyl radicals. The antiradical activityon hydroxyl radicals significantly increased duringsteeping. Higher antiradical activity on hydroxylradicals was determined in produced malts whencompared to corresponding barley varieties. Similarincreasing and decreasing trends in the antiradicalactivity on hydroxyl radicals during malting wereobserved in all investigated samples.Variety NS 525 had the highest content of totalphenolics and exhibited the highest antioxidantactivity that is antiradical activity on DPPH andhydroxyl radicals. These results suggest that varietycan influence the malt antiradical properties. VarietyNS 525 was the highest in total phenolics content, totalphenolic acids content and antiradical activity onDPPH and hydroxyl radicals during malting.The highest contents of ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic,and sinapic acids were determined in all wort, hoppedwort and beer samples. Increased contents of allphenolic acids were observed after hopping. Thehighest content of total phenolic acids was determinedin the hopped worts (461.41 for NS 525, 426.22 for NS565, and 423.56 μg/100 ml for NS 583. The beerscontained less total phenolic acids when compared tothe corresponding hopped worts.Wort produced from NS 525 malt showed the highestantiradical activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radicalswhich indicates that the antiradical activity of maltcomponents affects the antiradical activity in producedwort. After hopping, antiradical activity on DPPH andhydroxyl radicals significantly increased in all worts.The antiradical activity on DPPH and hydroxylradicals decreased during primary and secondaryfermentation.Wort produced from NS 525 malt contained thehighest total phenolic content, total phenolic acidscontent and showed the highest antiradical activity onDPPH and hydroxyl radicals. During beer production,content of total phenolic compounds slightly decreasedwhich indicates that production process had aninfluence on their content. Similar decreasing trendsbetween the antiradical activity on DPPH andhydroxyl radicals and the contents of total phenolicsand total phenolic acids during beer production wereobserved.The applied GC-MS method for determination ofphenolic acids contents during malt and beerproduction was sensitive, specific and had goodrepeatability. It can be used for determination ofphenolic acids content in barley, steeped barley, greenmalt, malt, wort, hopped wort, during fermentationand in beer.The content of total phenolics, phenolic acids andantioxidant activity of malt used for beer productionhave significant influence on the beer antioxidantactivity. Understanding how the phenolic acids andantioxidant activity change during malt and beerproduction can provide valuable information aboutthe protection of endogenous antioxidants in beerproduction. In this way, the production of beer withenhanced antioxidant activity is possible and thereforehigher resistance to lipid oxidation and longer shelflifecould be introduced.

Este trabalho procura explorar o ponto de vista de Aquino Corrêa, que pressupõe a adoção de um comportamento crítico diante do poema, assentado na análise da forma e do conteúdo, admitindo a existência de uma norma de uso da língua na modalidade literária capaz de expressar na obra a distinção dessas duas entidades: a forma e a matéria ou fundo. A perspectiva adotada para a realização deste estudo foi a de análise do discurso crítico com que Aquino Corrêa analisa estas duas entidades para determinar a função das obras, no interior do sistema literário de onde elas emergiram. Alicerçados na sua biobibliografia elegemos os pontos fundamentais que sustentam o estilo particular do escritor e os critérios que o mesmo defende para conceber o texto elevado à categoria de literário mediante o tratamento dispensado à forma e ao conteúdo. O princípio teórico fundamental desta tese assenta-se na concepção da natureza universal do texto literário constituído como expressão de um conteúdo que ganha uma forma determinada tanto no processo de escrita quanto de análise do texto, implicando em procedimentos essenciais à realização da crítica literária, a qual visualiza a obra configurada no desabrochamento simultâneo de uma estrutura e de um pensamento, no amálgama solidário de uma forma e de uma experiência individual. Nesta relação, distinguemse a literatura enquanto arte criativa e os estudos literários como um enfoque especializado do texto que possibilita à crítica traduzir a experiência criativa da literatura através de procedimentos específicos que a subsidiam e a legitimam.Neste prisma em que o texto é analisado nas suas categorias estruturais e nas relações de significação com o autor, a língua literária subordina-se a determinadas normas lingüísticas que funcionam como reguladoras dos procedimentos tanto de elaboração como de avaliação crítica do texto, promovendo a depuração dos excessos tanto da linguagem revolucionária dos modernistas quanto dos resíduos lusófilos dos tradicionalistas (LEITE, 2006: 31).
This work looks for to explore point of view of the Aquino Corrêa that ahead estimates the adoption of a critical behavior of the poem seated in the analysis of the form and the content, admitting the existence of a norm of use of the language in the literary modality capable to express in the workmanship the distinction of these two entities: the form and the contents or the deep substance.The perspective adopted for the accomplishment of this study was of analysis of the critical speech with that Aquino Corrêa analyzes these two entities to determine the function of the workmanships in the interior of the literary system of where they had emerged. The basis of our argument is in his biobibliography we choose the basic points that support the particular style of the writer and the criteria that the same defends to conceive the high text to the literary category by means of the treatment excused to the form and the content.The theoretical basic principle of this thesis is based in the conception of the universal nature of the literary text consisting in the place where the content in such a way gains definitive form for the process of writing how much of analysis of the text implying in essential procedures to the literary accomplishment of the critical one, which analyzes the workmanship configured in the simultaneous unclasping of a structure and a thought, in the solidary amalgam of a form and an individual experience. In this relation they distinguish it literature while creative art and the literary studies as one specialized approach from the text that it makes possible to the critical one to translate creative of literature the experience through specific procedures that subsidize it and they legitimize it. In this prism where the text is analyzed in its structural categories and the relations of means with the author, the literary language subordinates it definitive linguistics norms that they function in such a way as regulating of the procedures of elaboration as of critical evaluation of the text, promoting the purification of the excesses in such a way of the revolutionary language of the modern movement how much of the lusófilos residues of the traditionalists (LEITE, 2006:31).

No Brasil, como no resto do mundo, o estudo de variedades diatópicas da língua tradicionalmente se pautou em pesquisas topostáticas, em que se privilegiou a fala de indivíduos nascidos e criados na localidade, portanto falantes de uma variedade mais conservadora e reveladora de um estágio “anterior, original” da língua. A combinação de critérios como o processo de povoamento, a antiguidade e o grau de isolamento de um lugar em relação a outros mais dinâmicos para determinar os pontos de observação de estudos desta natureza, tornou-se assim uma prática dominante. Contrariamente, o estudo de comunidades “jovens”, de formação recente, moldadas pelo fluxo migratório da população e, deste modo, locus de contatos linguísticos variados (entre línguas distintas e/ou entre variedades de uma mesma língua), parecem ter sido ignoradas pela pesquisa, durante muito tempo. O norte do Mato Grosso, onde se desenvolve esta tese, é um exemplo dessa tendência da pesquisa, daí a escolha do tema, a Topodinâmica da variação do português gaúcho em áreas de contato intervarietal no Mato Grosso, buscar preencher essa lacuna. São objetivos deste estudo 1) descrever o comportamento linguístico de migrantes gaúchos e de seus descendentes em contato com outras variedades regionais da língua portuguesa, a fim de 2) averiguar em que medida as relações sócio-econômico-culturais implicaram a manutenção, variação ou mudança de marcas linguísticas da variedade do português rio-grandense desses migrantes. Para tanto, correlacionaram-se diferentes dimensões de análise, em especial as dimensões diatópica, diageracional, diastrática, diassexual, diafásica, diarreferencial e contatual. O estudo desenvolveu-se em três localidades de pesquisa caracterizadas fundamentalmente pela topodinâmica da língua e dos falantes: Porto dos Gaúchos (MT01), Sinop (MT02) e Sorriso (MT03). Estes pontos configuram-se em uma extensão do processo histórico de ocupação do Oeste de Santa Catarina e Sudoeste do Paraná, como atestam Schaefer (1985) e Souza (2008). Criados entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, esses lugares foram colonizados a partir da implementação de Empresas Privadas responsáveis por estabelecer núcleos urbanos com condições básicas que assegurassem tanto o desenvolvimento econômico do “Novo Eldorado” quanto a acolhida dos migrantes provenientes, sobretudo, da região Sul do Brasil. Em certo sentido, o perfil sócio-cultural dos colonos migrantes dessa área coincidiu com o dos informantes do Atlas Linguístico-Etnográfico da Região Sul do Brasil (ALERS). Pode-se, por isso, hipotetizar que a fala registrada pelo ALERS se aproxima da fala dos migrantes sulistas pioneiros estabelecidos nesses pontos. Sendo assim, os dados do ALERS constituem uma base de comparação importante da topodinâmica do português falado na matriz de origem e na área de chegada, no norte do Mato Grosso. Na elaboração do questionário aplicado na pesquisa de campo desta tese foram utilizadas, em grande parte, perguntas feitas pelo ALERS. A seleção de informantes considerou as dimensões diassexual (masculino vs. feminino), diastrática (Ca - alfabetizados com até o ensino médio completo vs. Cb - com nível superior) e diageracional (GI - jovens de 18 a 36 anos vs. GII - idosos acima de 50 anos). Já a constituição do corpus, um conjunto de variáveis linguísticas em diferentes níveis (fonético-fonológicos, semântico-lexicais e morfossintáticos) correlacionadas com dimensões extralinguísticas (dados sociológicos referentes aos informantes e às localidades) e a análise se pautou em princípios teórico-metodológicos da geolinguística pluridimensional e contatual e de outras disciplinas afins, como a sociologia da linguagem. A apreciação dos dados aponta diferentes fatores para a manutenção da variedade linguística inventariada no Sul do Brasil, tais como: o papel socioeconômico dos sulistas na região norte mato-grossense, a transmissão entre gerações dessa variedade, os recursos midiáticos e a gênese da criação histórica de cada localidade pesquisada. A covariação entre as formas [+RS] e as [-RS] são mais evidentes no nível lexical, enquanto os casos de mudança se manifestam, sobretudo, na fala dos informantes jovens no nível fonético.
In Brazil, as in the rest of the world, the study of diatopics varieties of language traditionally was based on topostatics research, which have privileged the speech of people born and raised in some locallity, so speakers of a more conservative and revealing variety of a stage "previous, original " of language. The combination of criteria as the settlement process, the age and the degree of isolation of a place in relation to others more dynamic to determine the points of observational studies of this nature, become a dominant practice. In contrast, the study of "young" communities, recently formed, shaped by migration of the population and thus locus of varied linguistic contact (between different languages and / or between varieties of the same language) seem to have been ignored by search for a long time. The northern Mato Grosso, where it develops this thesis, one example of this trend research, hence the choice of subject, the Topodinamics of gaúcho Portuguese on intervarietal contact areas at Mato Grosso), seek to fill this gap. The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the linguistic behavior of gauchos migrants and their descendants in contact with other regional varieties of the Portuguese language in order to 2) determine how much the social, economic and cultural relations involved in the maintenance, variation or change of language marks of the variety of Portuguese Rio-Grandense's migrants. Therefore, correlated analysis in different dimensions, especially the diatopic, diagenerational, diastratic, diasexual, diaphasic, diareferential and contactual. The study was developed in three research locations fundamentally characterized by topodinamics from language and speakers: Porto dos Gauchos (MT01), Sinop (MT02) and Sorriso (MT03). These points were configured as extension of the historical process of occupation of the West of Santa Catarina and Paraná Southwest, as evidenced by Schaefer (1985) and Souza (2008). Created between the 1950s and 1980s, these places were colonized from the implementation of Private Companies responsible for establishing urban centers with basic conditions that would ensure both the economic development of the "New Eldorado" as the reception of migrants coming mainly from the region southern of Brazil. In some sense, the socio-cultural profile of migrant settlers of this area coincided with the informants og Language-Ethnographic Atlas of Southern Brazil (ALERS). We can therefore hypothesize that speech recorded by ALERS approaches the speech of southern migrants pioneers set out in those points. Thus, the ALERS data are an important basis of comparison of topodinamics of spoken Portugueses in the source array and arrival area in northern Mato Grosso. In preparing the questionnaire applied in the field research of this thesis, were used largely, questions asked by ALERS. The choice of informants has considered the diassexual dimensions (male vs. female), diastratic (Ca - literate up to complete high school vs. Cb - with higher education) and diagenerational (GI – young people from 18-36 years vs. GII - elderly above 50 years). The corpus formation has considered a set of linguistic variables at different levels (phonetic-phonological, lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic) correlated to extra-linguistic dimensions (sociological data related to informants and locations) and was analyzed from the theoretical and methodological principles of pluridimensional geolinguistics and contactual and other related disciplines such as sociology of language. The data assessment points out different factors for the linguistic diversity maintenance inventoried in southern region of Brazil, such as the socioeconomic role of southerners in the north of Mato Grosso, the intergenerational transmission of this variety, the media resources and the genesis of historical creation of each studied area. The covariance between the "gaucho" and "non-gaucho" forms are more evident on the lexical degree, while cases of change are manifested primarily in the speech of young informants in phonetic and morphosyntactic degrees.

Orientador: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck
Banca: Gladis Massini-Cagliari
Banca: Anna Christina Bentes Araraquara
Resumo: Esta dissertação intitulada "A variação na concordância de gênero no falar da comunidade de Cáceres-MT, tem por objetivo analisar a freqüência do uso do fenômeno lingüístico focalizando as variantes lingüísticas: presença e ausência de concordância na fala dos habitantes nativos da comunidade. Nesse espaço, tentamos explicar esta variação, com a base teórica da Sociolingüística Variacionista. O corpus de análise compõe-se de trinta e seis entrevistas que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas através do tratamento estatístico. A partir desse método, foi possível perceber que a variação de concordância de gênero é um fato comum na fala da comunidade, e se correlaciona de maneira significativa a fatores extralingüísticos, em especial a idade e a escolaridade.
Abstract: This dissertation, titled "The variation in gender agreement in the speech community of Cáceres in Mato Grosso, aims to analyze the frequency of the use of the linguistic phenomenon focusing the following linguistic variants: presence and absence of agreement in the community native speech. In the frame, we try to explain this variation based on the Sociolinguistics theoretical model. The data is composed by third-six recorded, transcribed and analyzed interviews, which are statistically treated. By this method it was possible to perceive that the variation of the gender agreement is a common fact in that community and that it is, motivated mainly by extralinguistic factors.
Mestre

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Esta dissertação intitulada A variação na concordância de gênero no falar da comunidade de Cáceres-MT, tem por objetivo analisar a freqüência do uso do fenômeno lingüístico focalizando as variantes lingüísticas: presença e ausência de concordância na fala dos habitantes nativos da comunidade. Nesse espaço, tentamos explicar esta variação, com a base teórica da Sociolingüística Variacionista. O corpus de análise compõe-se de trinta e seis entrevistas que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas através do tratamento estatístico. A partir desse método, foi possível perceber que a variação de concordância de gênero é um fato comum na fala da comunidade, e se correlaciona de maneira significativa a fatores extralingüísticos, em especial a idade e a escolaridade.
This dissertation, titled The variation in gender agreement in the speech community of Cáceres in Mato Grosso, aims to analyze the frequency of the use of the linguistic phenomenon focusing the following linguistic variants: presence and absence of agreement in the community native speech. In the frame, we try to explain this variation based on the Sociolinguistics theoretical model. The data is composed by third-six recorded, transcribed and analyzed interviews, which are statistically treated. By this method it was possible to perceive that the variation of the gender agreement is a common fact in that community and that it is, motivated mainly by extralinguistic factors.

Orientador: Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O Estado de Mato Grosso (MT), especialmente a partir da abertura para uma nova colonização com o movimento chamado Marcha para o Oeste (década de 1930) e outros programas oficiais de colonização, passaram a ser, efetivamente, preenchido por culturas externas em decorrência do fator migratório de sua ocupação; fator este intensificado na década de 1970, culminando com o evento histórico da divisão do Estado em 11 de outubro de 1977. Nessas circunstâncias e tendo como referencial teórico a perspectiva discursivo-desconstrutivista, que assume uma postura transdisciplinar, a proposta desta pesquisa é discutir a irrupção de discursos que estão relacionados, de alguma maneira, à constituição identitária de dois grupos participantes da pesquisa, a saber, os migrantes gaúchos e os mato-grossenses; mais especificamente, aqueles oriundos da chamada Baixada Cuiabana (região que cerca a capital do Estado, Cuiabá). O corpus foi delimitado a partir de respostas a entrevistas feitas com gaúchos migrantes que vivem em Cuiabá e com mato-grossenses da mesma região que convivem/conviveram com tais migrantes. O pressuposto deste trabalho é de que, no processo migratório, o mato-grossense, por um lado, para legitimar sua posição de ser da terra, constrói e fixa sua identidade a partir da relação com questões indígenas, com a escravidão negra e, embora raramente, com a colonização ibérica. O migrante gaúcho, por sua vez, produz um discurso em torno do desenvolvimento econômico pautado na industrialização e modernização, mediante o qual procura fixar sua identidade, identificando-se mais com traços da cultura europeia (ítalo-germânica). Embora os grupos acima tendam à fixação de identidades, os resultados da análise do corpus mostraram que seus discursos se constroem na tensão entre o mesmo (a tradição), na medida em que recorrem ao passado para fixar uma identidade, e o diferente, posto que, nesses discursos, perceberam-se traços de ressignificação de si resultantes do contato proporcionado pela migração
Abstract: Especially after the opening to a new settlement, a migratory movement named March to the West (1930s), and other official programs of colonization, the state of Mato Grosso (MT-Brazil) became filled with foreign cultures, as a consequence of the migratory factor of its occupation, which was intensified in the 1970s, what culminated in the historic event of the state's division on October 11, 1977. Under these circumstances and based on a discursive theoretical perspective, this research aims at discussing the outbreak of discourses that are somehow related to the identity construction of two migrant groups: the "gauchos", people who are originally from Rio Grande do Sul state, and the "matogrossenses", people who are originally from Mato Grosso state, more specifically, from a region surrounding the state capital (Cuiabá) named "Baixada Cuiabana". Our data consists of excerpts taken from recorded interviews carried out with gaúchos migrants living in Cuiabá and with autochthonous who live in the same region. The presupposition of this work is that, during the migration process, the autochthonous, in order to legitimize their position as natives, build up and fix their identity based on indigenous and black slavery issues and, although rarely, on Iberian colonization issues, too. On the other hand, the "gauchos" produce a discourse on economic development that is guided by the industrialization and modernization, by which they fix their identity, what seems to reveal identifications with the European culture (Italian-German). Although both groups tend to fix identities, data has shown that their discourses are constructed by a tension between the same (tradition), echoes from the past, and the different ? once in these discourses, traces of oneself's reframing have emerged as a result of the contact provided by migration
Doutorado
Lingua Materna
Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Esta tese, que se fundamenta nos princípios da Geolinguística contemporânea e da Sociolinguística Variacionista, se propôs a refletir sobre a língua portuguesa falada em quatro cidades do norte mato-grossense (Vera, Santa Carmem, Sinop e Cláudia), e apresenta como resultados a transcrição, catalogação, registros e análises de variantes lexicais em uso pelos sujeitos moradores dessas cidades. Para tanto, utilizou-se de recursos teórico-metodológicos que permitiram a documentação da diversidade linguística lexical desses espaços geográficos no presente e, por conseguinte, descrever um recorte da linguagem efetivamente usada pela comunidade para representar o mundo que a cerca. Dentre eles, a pesquisa de campo para o recolhimento do corpus oral. Essa recolha se fez em dois momentos distintos, primeiramente colheram-se narrativas livres tomadas junto a vinte pioneiros dos quatro pontos de inquérito. Em seguida aplicaramse 210 questões a quarenta sujeitos de ambos os gêneros, e divididos entre vinte migrantes, todos acima de 50 anos, e vinte descendentes nascidos na região (filhos ou netos), de 18 a 40 anos. As questões foram elaboradas a partir dos relatos de experiência pessoal recolhidos e amparadas, fundamentalmente, na versão final do questionário linguístico direcionado ao aspecto semântico-lexical (QSL) aprovada pelo Comitê Nacional do Projeto ALiB (2001). Com as respostas obtidas nestas entrevistas, organizou-se um banco de dados semântico-lexical, transcritos e registrados, posteriormente, em Tabelas Lexicais e Cartogramas. Desses registros de itens lexicais, selecionaram-se 36, aos quais foram tecidas observações de natureza geográfica e sociocultural. O olhar analítico dado permitiu que se apreendessem as influências étnicas e regionais que constituíram e ainda constituem o português falado no norte de Mato Grosso. Essas influências podem se resumidas na junção de todos os idioletos trazidos pelos migrantes de seus Estados de origem. Ressalta-se, ainda, que, para se chegar aos resultados alcançados e apresentados nesta pesquisa, foram utilizados 10 referenciais teóricos que se fundamentaram na teoria da variação de Labov, na concepção de norma de Coseriu e nas noções de estatística lexical de Muller, ainda que devidamente adaptadas à especificidade deste estudo. Assim sendo, compreende-se que esta pesquisa descritiva, interpretativa e reflexiva do caráter multidialetal existente na região em foco, pode contribuir com o acervo científico já existente de estudos geosócio- linguísticos, que visam a registrar e a documentar os diferentes falares e marcas dialetais existentes no território brasileiro.
This thesis, which is based both on the contemporary Geo-linguistic principles and on the variationist socio-linguistics, aims to mull over the Portuguese language spoken in four towns in the North of Mato Grosso (Vera, Santa Carmem, Sinop and Cláudia) and, it presents the transcription cataloguing, records and analyses of lexical variations used by the dwellers of those towns. In order to do so, theoretical-methodological resources have been used, which allowed the documentation of the lexical linguistic diversity of the referred geographical spaces at the present time. Consequently we could describe a snippet of the language effectively used by the community to represent their surrounding world. Among them, the field research which helped us gather the oral corpus. This collection took place in two distinct moments, first the free narratives were gathered involving twenty pioneers from the four towns. Next a 210-item-questionnaire was applied to forty both male and female individuals, divided in 20 migrants all above 50 of age, and 20 descendents born in the region (children or grandchildren), between 18 to 40 years of age. The questions were worked out based on the reports of their personal experience gathered and fundamentally supported on the final version of the linguistic questionnaire aiming the semantic-lexical aspect (QSL), approved by the National Committee of the ALIB Project (2001). With the answers obtained through these interviews we have organized a semantic-lexical data bank, transcribed and registered later on in Lexical Tables and Cartograms. From these registries of lexical items, 36 words were selected, on which we have made remarks both of geographical and socio-cultural nature. The analytical regard allowed us to apprehend the regional and ethical influences that have constituted, and still do, the Portuguese spoken in the North of Mato Grosso. Such influences may be summed up in the junction of all idiolects brought by immigrants from their original states. It is worth pointing out that in order to get to the results gathered and presented in this research, the theoretical 12 references have been used, which were based on the variation theory by Labov; on the conception of precept by Coseriu, as well as on the lexical statistic notions by Muller, although properly adapted to the specificity of this study. Therefore, this descriptive interpretative and reflective research of the multi-dialectal aspect existent in the region in focus may contribute to the existing scientific patrimony of geo-socio-linguistic studies that aim to register and document the different ways of speaking and dialectal marks existing in the Brazilian territory.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt das Bibliothekswesen auf den Maltesischen Inseln. Einleitend werden Länderinformationen, Informationen zur maltesischen Sprache und zu Schul- und Berufsausbildung gegeben, gefolgt von einem Überblick über die maltesische Druckgeschichte, dem Buchmarkt und der Pflichtexemplarregelung auf den Inseln. Im Hauptteil wird auf Unterhaltsträger von maltesischen Bibliotheken eingegangen und alle bekannten Bibliothekstypen vorgestellt. Innerhalb der verschiedenen Bibliotheksgruppen wird mindestens eine Bibliothek anhand ihrer Funktion, Mitarbeiter, finanziellen Situation, vorhandenen Sammlungen, Erschließungsinstrumenten und Benutzungsmodalitäten detailliert dargestellt. Andere Bibliotheken des gleichen Bibliothekstyps werden genannt, Besonderheiten werden erörtert. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über die Möglichkeiten bibliothekarischer Ausbildung gegeben. Die beiden bibliothekarischen Berufsverbände MaLIA und MSLA werden kurz anhand ihrer Aufgaben und Tätigkeiten dargestellt. Ausführliche Informationen über die Literaturversorgung der Malteser durch Bibliotheken und die Struktur des Bibliothekswesens in Malta werden in der Zusammenfassung erörtert. Der Text wurde gelegentlich durch graphische Darstellungen ergänzt. Im Anhang der Arbeit befinden sich unter anderem Adressverzeichnisse der bekannten öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken sowie Karten im DIN A3 Format, auf welchen die Bibliotheken verzeichnet wurden. Die Diplomarbeit basiert auf Literaturstudium, Befragungen per E-Mail und Experteninterviews.

Orientador: Eni Puccinelli Orlandi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta tese integra o projeto de Cooperação Internacional sob o título ¿História das Idéias Lingüísticas¿ e que no Brasil se ocupa Ética e Política das Línguas, cujo objetivo é (re)construir a história da constituição do saber metalingüístico sobre a língua portuguesa, a partir de uma posição histórica sobre a produção do conhecimento, logo dos seus processos de produção. Dessa forma, pode-se não somente ter acesso à forma como o saber sobre a língua no Brasil se constituiu, mas também como esse mesmo saber constituiu o homem ¿sujeito nacional¿, o cidadão brasileiro. Portanto, a história de que falamos, isto é, fazer história das idéias lingüísticas é tratar a própria produção do conhecimento sob a perspectiva de uma política do conhecimento sobre linguagem, o que nos convoca tratar, também, da ética, que, segundo Orlandi (1999), toca ¿o modo como funcionam os princípios que fundamentam a vida social¿. Assim sendo, estudamos a formação do Estado brasileiro, conjugada com a instituição da Língua Nacional e o surgimento da Escola. Isto nos permitiu, portanto, através da (re)leitura discursiva de arquivos, dar visibilidade ao saber produzido sobre a língua e a constituição do sujeito nacional, a partir das condições próprias da nossa história. E, tocados por essa questão, escolhemos o Colégio Liceu Cuiabano de Mato Grosso num período que compreende o final do século XIX e início do século XX, precisamente, na primeira República. Período em que passando de Colônia a Estado independente era preciso gramatizar e/para ensinar a língua nacional. Resulta dessa reflexão nosso interesse pela criação dos grandes Colégios do país e pela formação do cidadão brasileiro que vamos ter como produto da relação Estado/Língua/Sujeito. A construção de instrumentos lingüísticos, pela sua divulgação e pela produção que vai elaborando, institui uma política de língua que, por conseguinte, vai dando forma e identidade a um cidadão. Nosso interesse está no que ele representou na construção do saber sobre a língua no Brasil e na constituição do cidadão Mato-grossense Brasileiro. Em outras palavras, a construção tanto da língua quanto do saber sobre ela está intimamente relacionada com a formação do Estado, processos que nos mostram os modos de sua constituição, logo, da sua história. Ao propormos tal estudo, objetivamos explicitar essa história, aliando a construção do saber sobre a língua, o nascimento da Escola e a constituição do sujeito nacional
Resumé: Ce travail prend part au Projet de Coopération Internationale Histoire des Idées Linguistiques, qui au Brésil s¿occupe de l¿Éthique et de la Politique des Langues, avec le but de (re)construire l¿histoire de la constituition du savoir métalinguistique sur la langue portugaise, à partir d¿une position historique sur la production de la connaissance, et, donc, des ses processus de production. Ainsi, on ne peut pas seulement avoir accès à la forme comme le savoir sur la langue au Brésil a été constitué, mais aussi, comme ce même savoir a constitué l¿homme ¿sujet nacional¿, le citoyen brésilien. De cette manière, l¿histoire sur laquelle nous parlons, c¿est-à-dire, faire l¿histoire des idées linguistiques, c¿est traiter la production de la connaissance sur la perspective d¿une politique de la connaissance sur langage, ce que nous appelle à traiter aussi de l¿éthique, qui, selon Orlandi (1999), touche ¿le mode comme fonctionent les principes qui fondent la vie social¿. Par conséquent, nous étudions la formation de l¿État brésilien, conjuguée avec l¿instituition de la Langue Nationale et l¿émergence de l¿École. Ça nous a permis, à travers la (re)lecture discursive des archives, donner de la visibilité au savoir produit sur la langue et à la constituition du sujet national, à partir des condictions de notre histoire elle même. Touchés par cette question, nous avons choisi le collège Liceu Cuiabano de Mato Grosso, de la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu¿au début du XXème siècle, à la 1ère République. À cette période le Brésil a passé de colonie à État indépendant et il faudrait grammatiser et/pour enseigner la langue nationale. À partir cette reflexion nous avons l¿intérêt par la création des grands collèges du pays et par la formation du citoyen brésilien qui nous allons avoir comme produit de la relation État/Langue/Sujet. La construction des instruments linguistiques, par sa propagation et par la production qu¿elle élabore, instituit une politique de langue, que donne forme et identité au citoyen. Notre intérêt réside dans la répresentation de ce citoyen à la construction du savoir sur la langue au Brésil et à la constituition du citoyen du Mato Grosso brésilien, car, la construction de la langue et du savoir sur elle même, est intimement rélationée avec la formation de l¿État. À travers ces processus nous pouvons percevoir les modes de la constituition de l¿État et, par conséquent, de son histoire. Cet étude a comme objectif expliciter cette histoire, en ajoutant la construction du savoir sur la langue, la naissance de l¿École et la constituition du sujet national
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística

Hormon rasta ima ključnu ulogu u mnogim fiziološkim procesima, anabolički efekti, stimulisanje rasta dugih kostiju, regulacija transkripcije gena u ciljnim ćelijama su uglavnom posredovani preko mitogenog polipeptida, insulinu sličan faktor rasta tip 1 (insulin like growth factor 1-IGF-1). Hormon rasta indukuje proizvodnju IGF-1 u jetri, koji reaguje sa receptorima ciljnih organa indukujući rast, odnosno IGF-1 posreduje svim stimulativnim dejstvima hormona rasta na kost, hrskavicu, rast mišić a i na metabolizam masti i ugljenih hidrata. U proceni redovnosti, bezbednosti i efikasnosti terapije hormonom rasta koristi se merenje koncentracije IGF-1 u serumu. Istraživanje je urađeno kao retrospektivno-prospektivna studija, a obuhvatilo je 80 pacijenata na terapiji hormonom rasta koja se kontrolišu i leče na Odeljenju za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Instituta za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Istraživani uzorak je obuhvatio 80 pacijenata, od kojih 35 dece sa nedostatkom hormona rasta, 24 dece rođene male za gestacionu dob i 21 devojčicu sa Tarnerovim sindromom. Svi ispitanici su praćeni od početka primene hormona rasta i tokom prve dve godine terapije hormonom rasta. U ovom istraživanju su praćeni auksološki i laboratorijski parametri u cilju ispitivanja odgovora na terapiju hormonom rasta. Praćene su bazalne vrednosti IGF-1 i promene nivoa IGF-1 u serumu tokom terapije hormonom rasta i korišćene da bi se ispitao odgovor na terapiju hormonom rasta, praćenjem brzine rasta, promena skora standardnih devijacija - SSD za telesnu visinu i koštanog sazrevanja. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se utvrdi povezanost vrednosti insulinu sličnog faktora rasta tip 1, brzine rasta i koštanog sazrevanja tokom terapije hormonom rasta. Takođe je poređena brzina rasta dece sa deficitom hormona rasta, devojčica sa T arnerovim sindromom i dece rođene male za gestaciono doba na terapiji hormonom rasta. U istraživanom uzorku, dvogodišnjim praćenjem terapije hormonom rasta je postignut dobar odgovor na terapiju, među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta je 71,5% postiglo normalnu telesnu visinu (±2 SSDTV) posle dve godine terapije hormonom rasta, 79,2% dece rođene male za gestacionu dob i 42,9% devojčica sa Tarnerovim sindromom. Značajna zastupljenost dece prepubertetskog uzrasta na početku terapije hormonom rasta, među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta 77,2%, među decom rođenom malom za gestacionu dob 79,1% i među devojčicama sa Tarnerovim sindromom 90,5% što je značajno uticalo na uspešnost terapije. Tokom terapije hormonom rasta je utvrđeno povećanje brzine rasta i SSD TV kod sve tri grupe ispitanika. U sve tri grupe ispitanika je tokom terapije hormonom rasta utvrđen porast nivoa IGF-1 seruma i SSDIGF-1 i ubrzanje koštanog sazrevanja tokom terapije hormonom rasta. Za prvih šest meseci terapije nema statistički značajnih razlika među grupama u brzini rasta (p>0,05), dok je za period prve i druge godine terapije hormonom rasta utvrđeno da postoji statistički značajna razlika među grupama (p<0,05), da je brzina rasta kod devojčica za Tarnerovim sindromom statistički značajno manja i od brzine rasta kod dece sa nedostatkom hormona rasta (p <0,05), i od brzine rasta kod dece rođene male za gestacionu dob (p<0,05). Među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta i dece rođene male za gestacionu dob nema statistički značajne razlike u brzini rasta (p>0,5). U ovom istraživanju je praćenjem auskoloških i laboratrijskih parametara tokom dvogodišnje primene hormona rasta, konstruisano više matematičkih modela za predviđanje odgovora na terapiju hormona rasta koji su statistički veoma značajani sa visokim koeficijentom višestruke linearne korelacije. U ovom istraživanju nije dobijena statistički značajna korelacija izmedju nivoa promene IGF-1 i brzine rasta za ceo uzorak, kao ni za decu sa nedostatkom hormona rasta, decu rođenu malu za gestacionu dob i devojčice za Tarnerovim sindromom. Nije dobijena statistički značajna korelacija izmedju nivoa promene IGF-1 i ubrzanja koštanog sazrevanja za ceo uzorak i za tri grupe pacijenata.
Growth hormone plays a key role in many physiological processes. The anabolic effects, the stimulation of growth of the long bones and the regulation of gene transcription in the target cells are mediated mainly via mitogenic polypeptide and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (insulin like growth factor 1-IGF-1). Growth hormone induces the production of IGF-1 in the liver, which interacts with receptors of the target organs inducing growth, that is, IGF-1 mediates all the stimulating effects of growth hormone on bone, cartilage, muscle growth and the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. In assessing the regularity, safety and efficacy of growth hormone therapy, measuring the concentration of IGF-1 in serum is used. The survey was conducted as a retrospective-prospective study and involved 80 patients treated with growth hormone, monitored and treated at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, at the Institute for Health Protection of Children and Youth of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. Investigated sample included 80 patients, of whom 35 children have growth hormone deficiency, 24 children were born small for gestational age and 21 girls with Turner syndrome. All the patients were monitored from the beginning of the administration of growth hormone and during the first two years of growth hormone therapy. In this study, auxological and laboratory parameters were monitored for the purpose of examining the response to treatment of growth hormone. The basal values of IGF-1 and changes in IGF-1 levels in serum, along with monitoring the rate of growth velocity and recent changes in standard deviation - SSD for body height and bone maturation, were monitored during growth hormone therapy and used for the evaluation of the response to growth hormone therapy. The objectives of the study were to determine the correlation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 values, the growth velocity and maturation of bone during growth hormone therapy. Also, the growth velocity in children with growth hormone deficiency was compared with the growth velocity in girls with Turner syndrome and in children born small for gestational age while treated with growth hormone. Two-year monitoring of growth hormone therapy in the study sample has show n good response to therapy. 71.5% of children with growth hormone deficiency, 79.2% of children born small for gestational age, and 42.9% of girls with Turner syndrome achieved normal body height (± 2 SSDTV) after two years of growth hormone therapy. There was a significant share of children at prepubertal age at the beginning of growth hormone therapy: 77.2% of children with growth hormone deficiency, 79.1% of children born small for gestational age and 90.5% of girls with Turner syndrome, which significantly influenced the success of the therapy. During the growth hormone therapy there was an increase of growth velocity and SSD TV in all three groups of children. An increase in levels of IGF-1 serum and SSDIGF-1 and acceleration of bone maturation were determined in all three groups of patients during growth hormone therapy. For the first six months of therapy there was no statistically significant difference between groups in growth velocity (p> 0.05), while the period of the first and second year of growth hormone therapy showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.05). The growth velocity in girls with Turner syndrome was significantly lower than the growth velocity in children with growth hormone deficiency (p <0.05) and in children born small for gestational age (p <0.05). Between children with growth hormone deficiency and children born small for gestational age there was no statistically significant difference in growth velocity (p> 0.5). By monitoring auxological and laboratory parameters during the two years of application of growth hormone, several highly statistically significant mathematical models for predicting the response to treatment of growth hormone were constructed in this study with a high coefficient of multiple linear correlation. In this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between the level of change in IGF-1 and growth velocity for the entire sample, as well as for children with growth hormone deficiency, children born small for gestational age and girls for Turner syndrome. There was no statistically significant correlation between the level of change in IGF-1 and acceleration of bone maturation for the entire sample and for the three groups of patients.

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This paper aims to understand the complexity of the reform process of the Letters Course in the academic sphere, from the establishment of dialogic relations between the discourses of teachers who integrate the Structuring Teaching Core of the Letters courses of a public university in Mato Grosso and official discourses of education that deal with curricular restructuring of undergraduate courses. The worrying data about the last researches on the Letters course, released by official organs of the Ministry of Education, the approval of the CONAES n. 1/2010 Resolution, which rules the Structuring Teaching Core (NDE) in the scope of undergraduate courses, as well as the impasses and advances that we face in our trajectory as a professor and coordinator of a Letters Course were some of the reasons that led us to this study. The research was based on the theoretical-epidemiological and methodological assumption of Bakhtin and the Circle, which enabled us to understand the utterances of the research subjects in their discursive dimensions, favoring the debate around the reflections and reassessments of the principles and guidance of legal discourses related to courses restructuring. The research problem positions itself in the following question: How do professors who integrate the Structuring Teaching Core (NDE) of the Letters Courses being assessed by MEC respond, in their utterances, to the official discourses that deal with the curricular restructuring of undergraduate courses in Letters? In order to find the answers to the question, we established the research corpus through data collection carried out in two spheres of knowledge production: State (legality discourse, which deals with the restructuring of Letters and teacher training course) and university (discourse of the professors who integrate the NDE researched – subjects of the research). The data of the first sphere comprise: a) documents of the National Commission for the Evaluation of Higher Education (CONAES) that deal with the Structuring Teaching Core in the scope of undergraduate courses; b) Reports drawn up by the National Education Council (CNE) which underlie the Curriculum Guidelines, issued in 2001 and 2015, focused on Letters Courses and teacher’s training. The data of the second sphere comprise: a) those generated by means of a questionnaire answered by NDE members; b) Pedagogical Project of the Portuguese Language and Literature Letters Course, restructured by the research subjects; c) information obtained through a focus group interview provided by the same subjects. The study is based on the assumption that the statements produced by the NDE teachers, related to the restructuring of the Letters Course, tensely dialogue with the official voices that deal with the creation of NDE and with those that regulate and guide the teacher training courses. In this process, the official voices work in search of stability and centralization, seeking to homogenize the curricular reforms in the courses, while other voices act to erode this centralizing tendency, presenting different positions. From this perspective, we first analyzed the official statements of education and, later on, analyzed the statements produced by the NDE teachers. We defend that there is a clash of political-ideological forces that permeate the statements of the research subjects, provoking the most diverse responses to legal discourses. In general, the study of such statements indicates that: (1) the subjects of the research partially accepted the determinations of the official voices that guide the NDE in the scope of undergraduate courses, seeking, in union with their peers, a different form of constitution of the nucleus and development of the work; (2) the curricular proposals elaborated have their own character, producing different meanings from those of the Guidelines, regarding the organizing principles of the curriculum (flexibility, competence, theory and practice integration and interdisciplinarity), showing a dialogical relationship with the official discourse sometimes of acceptance, reiteration, others of refusal, complementation and re-enactment, and (3) the process of reforming the courses took place in an area of resistance
Esta tese tem por objetivo compreender a complexidade do processo de reforma de Cursos de Letras na esfera acadêmica, a partir do estabelecimento de relações dialógicas entre discursos de professores que integram o Núcleo Docente Estruturante de cursos de Letras de uma universidade pública mato-grossense e discursos oficiais da educação que dispõem sobre a reestruturação curricular de cursos de licenciatura. Os dados preocupantes das últimas pesquisas sobre o curso de Letras, divulgados por órgãos oficiais do Ministério da Educação, a aprovação da Resolução CONAES n. 1/2010, que normatiza o Núcleo Docente Estruturante (NDE) no âmbito dos cursos de graduação, bem como os impasses e os avanços que enfrentamos na nossa trajetória construída como professora e coordenadora de um Curso de Letras foram algumas das razões que nos conduziram a este estudo. A pesquisa se orientou pelos pressupostos teórico-epistemológicos e metodológicos de Bakhtin e o Círculo, o que nos possibilitou compreender os enunciados dos sujeitos da pesquisa em suas dimensões discursivas, favorecendo o debate em torno das refrações e revalorizações dos princípios e orientações dos discursos legais relacionados à reestruturação de cursos. O problema de pesquisa se configura na seguinte questão: Como os professores que integram o Núcleo Docente Estruturante (NDE) de Cursos de Letras em processo de avaliação do MEC respondem, em seus enunciados, aos discursos oficiais que tratam da reestruturação curricular de cursos de licenciatura em Letras? Para encontramos respostas à questão, constituímos o corpus da pesquisa por meio de uma coleta de dados levantados em duas esferas de produção de saberes: Estado (discurso da legalidade, que tratam da reestruturação de cursos de Letras e de formação docente) e universidade (discursos dos professores que integram o NDE pesquisado – sujeitos da pesquisa). Os dados da primeira esfera constituem-se de: a) documentos da Comissão Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (CONAES) que dispõem sobre o Núcleo Docente Estruturante no âmbito dos cursos de graduação; b) Pareceres exarados pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) que fundamentam as Diretrizes Curriculares, emitidas em 2001 e 2015, voltadas para os Cursos de Letras e de formação de professores. Os dados da segunda esfera compreendem: a) aqueles gerados por meio de um questionário respondido pelos integrantes do NDE; b) Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Letras Português e Literatura, reestruturado pelos sujeitos da pesquisa; c) informações obtidas por meio de entrevista de grupo focal realizada com os mesmos sujeitos. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que os enunciados produzidos pelos professores do NDE, relacionados à reformulação dos cursos de Letras, dialogam tensamente com as vozes oficiais que tratam da criação do NDE e com as que regulam e normatizam os cursos de formação docente. Nesse processo, as vozes oficiais trabalham em busca da estabilidade e da centralização, procurando homogeneizar as reformas curriculares nos cursos, enquanto vozes outras atuam no sentido de desgastar essa tendência centralizadora, apresentando posicionamentos diferenciados. Sob essa ótica, analisamos, primeiramente, os enunciados oficiais da educação e, posteriormente, aqueles produzidos pelos professores do NDE. Defendemos que existe um embate de forças político-ideológicas que permeiam os enunciados dos sujeitos da pesquisa, provocando as mais diversas respostas aos discursos legais. De modo geral, o estudo de tais enunciados sinaliza que: (1) os sujeitos da pesquisa aceitaram parcialmente as determinações das vozes oficiais que dispõem sobre o NDE no âmbito dos cursos de graduação, buscando, em união com seus pares, uma forma distinta de constituição do núcleo e de desenvolvimento do trabalho; (2) as propostas curriculares elaboradas apresentam caráter próprio, produzindo sentidos diferenciados dos das Diretrizes, no que diz respeito aos princípios organizadores do currículo (flexibilidade, competência, integração teoria e prática e interdisciplinaridade), evidenciando uma relação dialógica com o discurso oficial ora de aceitação, reiteração, ora de recusa, complementação e reacentuação, e (3) o processo de reforma dos cursos ocorreu em espaço de resistência

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A presente dissertação, visando contribuir com o enriquecimento da linguagem geográfica, apresenta referenciais que auxiliam a pensar a construção/invenção/criação da identidade territorial sul-mato-grossense através do diálogo com a linguagem literária regionalista. Para a concretização de tal proposta, escolhemos como obra literária o livro de reminiscências Apoeira da jornada: memórias, de Demosthenes Martins (1980) para ser a base das nossas análises. O objetivo de tal trabalho consiste em compreender a “realidade” a partir das formas com que os indivíduos que vivenciam os processos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização significam/ressignificam suas experiências espaciais. Durante a análise da obra memorialística, utilizamos como referência metodológica a hermenêutica filosófica, a estética da recepção e a fenomenologia. Com o presente trabalho, demonstramos que a identidade territorial sul-mato-grossense é fruto da articulação de grupos sociais que se debatem para conseguir a hegemonia do poder (político, econômico etc.) perante as demais articulações de outros grupos. Nesse sentido, perceber-se-á que a identidade territorial adquire duas características básicas: a da parcialidade e a da efemeridade. A identidade territorial faz frente ao contínuo embate das diferentes articulações sociais que, através das mais diversas estratégias, se rivalizam durante o processo de sociabilização, tendo, como resultado, o suceder de grupos que vão assumindo o “poder”, e buscando, assim, a invenção de elementos simbólicos que os representem identitariamente e que possam ser utilizados como referência identitária territorial para o restante da sociedade que ocupa determinado território. Como resultado, acabam por ocultar diferentes grupos sociais, sendo que estes grupos ocultados não se identificam com que esta camada de “privilegiados” qualificam enquanto o próprio/típico do hoje Mato Grosso do sul, pois, em decorrência da diversidade sócio-territorial, os sombreados produzem significados outros no seu interagir com a espacialidade. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT - Since this dissertation aims at contributing to the enrichment of the geographical language, it presents references that help to think about the construction/invention/creation of the territorial identity of Mato Grosso do Sul by means of a dialogue with the regionalist literary language. To achieve such a proposal, we have chosen as a literary work the book of reminiscences A poeira da jornada: memórias, by Demosthenes Martins (1980), to be the basis of our analyses. The goal of this work is to understand the "reality" based on the way in which the individuals that live the processes of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization mean/re-mean their spatial experiences. During the memorialistic analysis, we used as our methodological reference the philosophical hermeneutics, the reception aesthetic and phenomenology. With this work, we demonstrated that the Sul-matogrossense territorial identity is derived from the articulation of social groups that struggle to achieve power hegemony (political, economic, etc.) over the articulations of the other groups. Therefore, it can be noticed that the territorial identity acquires two basic characteristics: partiality and transience. The territorial identity faces the continuous discussion of the different social articulations that through the most varied strategies, rival themselves during the process of sociabilization, resulting in having some groups succeeding and becoming powerful, hence seeking the invention of symbolic elements that represent their identity and that may be used as a territorial identity reference for the rest of the society that occupies a given territory. As a result, they eventually end up hiding different social groups, which do not identify with these privileged groups as being the self/typical of the now known Mato Grosso do Sul, because owing to the socio-territorial diversity, the hidden ones produce different meanings when they interact with spatiality.

La variation intralocuteur se manifeste selon les usages à partir des conditions situationnelles de production du discours : le chenal oral / écrit, le cadre et la formalité de la situation, le sujet, le ton, les objectifs et enjeux identitaires des participants, et le contexte co-construit et reconstruit tout au long de l’interaction. Une distinction est établie entre formel institutionnel ou protocolaire, pratiqué par des professionnels de la parole publique dans des situations à enjeu sérieux ou médiatiques, et le formel des locuteurs individuels, pratiqué par tous, normalement dans des cadres transactionnels. Le bilinguisme caractérisant la situation linguistique à Malte est décrit comme caractérisé par une diglossie relative, socialement plutôt qu’institutionnellement établie, à partir de la répartition fonctionnelle de l’anglais et du maltais et du prestige associé avec l’anglais considéré par la communauté et le secteur privé comme variété H, contrebalancés par le fait que le maltais est privilégié comme variété H dans les situations protocolaires influencées par l’Etat.Un questionnaire concerne les usages et les attitudes linguistiques au niveau sociétal : il en ressort des attitudes ambivalentes vis-à-vis des dialectes, la vénération dont jouit le maltais sémitique, et les confrontations d’attitudes concernant l’emploi de l’anglais. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre la valeur sociolinguistique des données qui émergent d’un corpus ‘maltais’. Le corpus oral est obtenu à partir de huit locuteurs-clés (dont trois professionnels de la parole publique) enregistrés dans divers types de situations. Le corpus écrit se divise en écrit informel (emails et chat) et écrit formel (articles, prose littéraire, écrits administratifs).Le corpus montre qu’à Malte la variation se réalise par les différences de registre et par l’alternance codique et comprend ainsi les schémas de variation associées avec les situations monolingues comme avec les situations bilingues. Une étude de la distribution des adverbes et conjonctions maltais confirme leur sensibilité à la formalité, au chenal et au genre. La jonction propositionnelle et la dislocation varient également en fonction du style. L’alternance codique paraît motivée par la volonté d’apprendre l’anglais aux enfants, et, pour les adultes, par le prestige et les connotations d’éducation liés à cette langue. La situation linguistique française est connue pour l’écart important entre formes standard et non standard. Les causes en sont énumérées. En contexte maltais, la variation inhérente au maltais et la possibilité de recourir à l’alternance codique fournissent aussi une marge importante de possibilités variationnelles. Les processus de standardisation dans les deux situations diffèrent sur divers plans ; les attitudes linguistiques se ressemblent par une idée de purisme. Une analyse est faite des domaines linguistiques touchés par la variation dans les deux langues, avec des propositions concernant quels types de variation sont davantage tolérés. La variation stylistique domine le contexte non diglossique français ; l’hypothèse est avancée que la variation sociale prédomine en contexte maltais
Intraspeaker variation takes place according to relevant situational conditions of language use, such as the spoken/written order, the framework and degree of formality of the situation, topic, tone, participants’ aims and identity issues, and context, which is co-constructed and reconstructed throughout the interaction. A distinction is made between institutional or protocol formality, practised by public speech professionals in serious, public, sometimes mediatic situations, and individual speakers’ formality, practised by all, normally within transactional frameworks. The type of bilingualism which characterises the Maltese language situation is described as relatively diglossic, from a social rather than an institutional point of view. This characterisation is based on the functional distribution of Maltese and English, and on the prestige associated with English, considered by the community and the private sector as the H variety, whilst Maltese is the H variety chosen by government institutions for protocol situations.A questionnaire delves into language use and attitudes on a societal level. Ambivalent attitudes emerge regarding regional dialects, as well as veneration of Semitic Maltese, and conflicting attitudes regarding the use of English. These results allow a better understanding of the sociolinguistic value of data obtained from a Maltese corpus. The spoken corpus is obtained thanks to eight key speakers (among which three public speech professionals), recorded in a variety of situations ranging from the formal to the informal. The written corpus is divided into informal (emails, chat) and formal (articles, literary prose, administration texts) sections.The corpus shows that variation takes place in Malta through register shifts and code-switching, thus covering variation patterns associated with both monolingual and bilingual situations. A study of adverb and conjunction distribution in Maltese confirms their susceptibility to formality, channel and genre. Clause junction and dislocation also vary according to style. Code-switching appears motivated by a will to teach children English and, for adults, by the prestige and the connotations of education associated with this language. The language situation in France is known for the significant difference between standard and non-standard forms; its causes are mentioned. In the Maltese context, variation inherent to Maltese and the possibility to resort to code-switching also provide a wide margin of variation possibilities. The standardisation process in the two situations diverges on several levels; language attitudes converge through an idea of language purity. Language areas susceptible to variation are analyzed, and it is proposed that variation is mostly tolerated in Maltese at the syntactic level. Stylistic variation dominates the non-diglossic French context; a hypothesis is proposed that social variation dominates the Maltese context

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This work is based on the socio-cognitive branch of the Critical Discourse Analysis, whose most important representative, since 1988, is van Dijk. It is also based on the theoretical notions of Discourse Analysis, derived from the French branch. Its subject is the study of discursive representations of cultural aspects shown by the pantaneiro - the men from Pantanal area in Mato Grosso do Sul State. The general goal is to contribute for Discourse studies in the Brazilian culture, analyzing its verbal expressions present in lyrics from South-Pantanal regional songs, from a basic text plus insertion of inter-texts and inter-discourses. In this sense, the methodological procedure consists in selecting and analyzing as a whole, local music lyrics, texts from History, Geography and Ethnography Discourses as well as interviews carried out with composers. The hypothesis that supports this research considers that the analytical categories - Discourse, Society and Cognition - extend themselves to the analysis of mental and linguistic representations while evaluative knowledge and cultural creeds; it also considers that the Come and Go migrations over large geographic areas guide the initiatives of the South-Pantanal man. Both hypothesis show to be convenient, since the evaluative knowledge forms are creeds imprinted in the social cognition, the cultural traits that dynamically guide, from historical roots, the building of new meanings in each contemporary period. The results from these analyses show that: 1. The lyrical inter-texts show themselves to be more suitable for handling regional culture values and, although the approached subjects are the same, because of serving different goals, the inter-discourses are diversified. 2. The History discourse originates from official documents, which bring in a linguistic form, the interests of Power; the Historiography handles with several different types of documents besides the official ones, and for this reason, they represent the facts focused on some cultural aspects. 3. The Geography discourse indicates that the semantic progression, derived from scientific discoveries in the Pantanal area in South Mato Grosso is opposed to regional traditional cultural knowledge, which is explicit in the lyrics inter-texts analyzed. 4. The ethnographic discourse approaches South-Pantanal culture, complements or opposes certain representations of it
Fundamenta-se esta tese na vertente sócio-cognitiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso da qual van Dijk, desde 1988, é seu representante e em noções teóricas da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, tendo por tema um exame de representações discursivas de aspectos culturais do homem pantaneiro sul-mato-grosssense. O objetivo geral é contribuir com os estudos discursivos da cultura brasileira e os objetivos específicos são de examinar por meio de expressões verbais presentes em textos lingüísticos, letras musicais sul-pantaneiras a partir de um texto-base e pela inserção de intertextos e interdiscursos. Nesse sentido, o procedimento metodológico consiste em selecionar e analisar como corpora, letras de músicas regionais, textos do discurso da História, da Geografia e da Etnografia e entrevistas realizadas pela pesquisadora com os compositores. A hipótese que sustenta essa pesquisa considera que as categorias analíticas: Discurso, Sociedade e Cognição, estendem-se para a análise das representações mentais e lingüísticas enquanto organização de conhecimentos avaliativos e crenças culturais e que o movimento de Ir e Vir por grandes extensões geográficas, guia as ações do homem sul pantaneiro. Ambas as hipóteses mostram-se adequadas, pois, as formas de conhecimentos avaliativos são crenças que caracterizam na cognição social, os traços culturais que guiam dinamicamente, a construção de novas significações em cada contemporaneidade, a partir de raízes históricas. Os resultados obtidos das análises indicam que: 1. Os intertextos musicais mostram-se mais adequados para o tratamento dos valores culturais regionais e embora os temas tratados sejam os mesmos, as formas de tratamento dadas pelos interdiscursos são diversificados na medida em que atendem a objetivos diferentes. 2. O discurso da História parte de documentos oficiais que trazem representados em língua, os interesses do Poder; já o discurso da Historiografia trata de diferentes tipos de documentos além dos oficiais e por essa razão representa os acontecimentos com focalização de alguns aspectos culturais. 3. O discurso da Geografia indica que a progressão semântica, decorrente das descobertas científicas da região do Pantanal do Sul de Mato Grosso é opositiva em relação aos conhecimentos regionais tradicionais culturais que estão explicitados nos intertextos analisados de musicas regionais. 4. O discurso da Etnografia que objetiva o tratamento da cultura, complementa ou se opõe a certas representações de aspectos culturais da região sul-pantaneira

This dissertation is a basic description of Pendau, a previously undescribed Western Malayo-Polynesian language in the Tomini-Tolitoli group found in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This description relies heavily on natural language data for its documentation. Most of the description covers concerns in the typological functional framework which also provides a means to organize the data. Chapter 1 gives a brief ethnographic background and introduces the linguistic context and background to Pendau. Very little had been known about Pendau until this current research. Chapter 2 describes the phonetics and the basic phonology of Pendau in essentially a structuralist framework. However it includes acoustic analyses of stress (non-phonemic pitch-accent with low to high tone), vowel formants, and the glottal stop (which is often manifested as creaky voice). Chapter 3 builds on chapter 2 by examining the phonology in a generative framework and looks at the phonological processes via lexical phonology. The most outstanding feature of phonology in Pendau is the extensive use of vowel harmony in many prefixes. Chapter 4 discusses the morphology of Pendau and the complicated stem forming morphology. At the morphological level I take a non-morphemic view and integrate a kind of word and paradigm approach in connection with lexical phonology and autosegmental phonology. Word classes are introduced in chapter 5, and chapter 6 introduces basic clausal syntax and includes a discussion of grammatical relations. Both of these chapters are fundamental to understanding the description in later parts of the dissertation. Chapter 7 discusses nominal phrases. Chapter 8 discusses prepositional and instrumental phrases. Chapter 9 describes the seven canonical verb classes and miscellaneous verb morphology. Chapter 10 describes transitivity altering operations which include causatives, applicatives, reciprocals, and a special equative construction. Chapter 11 describes directional verbs and their use as directional serial verbs. Chapter 12 describes the importance of voice and introduces the use of inverse voice which contrasts with the other transitive voice construction, active voice. Tense, aspect, and mode are described in chapter 13. Auxiliaries, adverbs, and negation are described in chapter 14. Chapter 15 describes clause combinations and complex sentences, and includes comparatives, complementation, quotation margin formulas, relative clauses, interclausal relators and propositional relations, and discourse connectors. Chapter 16 describes the use of imperatives and interrogatives. Finally, at the discourse level I integrate several discourse methods with the strongest emphases coming from Longacre and Givon. Chapter 17 describes some discourse features of cohesion and prominence. This includes fronting, leftdislocation, repetition, and topic continuity. In chapter 18 I follow Longacre's approach to discourse analysis and describe structures of different genres in Pendau. Three interlinearized texts are included in the appendices. The other appendices provide supporting data, figures, tables and charts.

PhD (Tshivenda)
Senthara ya M. E.R. Mathivha ya Nyambo dza Afrika, Vhutsila na Mvelele
Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo ḓitika kha u ṱoḓisisa u muthufhadzwa ha miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu sa nḓila ya u bvukulula maidioma kha Tshivenḓa hu tshi shumiswa tswikelelo ya u andisa. Vhavenḓa ndi lushaka lune lu wanala Afrika Tshipembe tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe, Vunduni ḽa Limpopo nga vhunzhi. ` Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo shumisa na mbambedzo ho sedzwa zwine zwa khou ṱoḓa u swikelelwa. Mbambedzo ndi u sumbedza u fana ha zwithu zwivhili nga zwine zwa vha nazwo. Ho itwa na mbambedzo kha ṱhoḓisiso iyi hu tshi vhambedzwa kutshilele kwa muthu na miraḓo ya muvhili ye ya shumiswa kha ṱhoḓisiso iyi. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo shumisa ngona ya khwaḽithetivi sa vhunga ndivho khulwane hu u ṱoḓa u pfhesesa maidioma a Tshivenḓa zwi tshi bva kha mvelele ya Vhavenḓa. Ndi Vhavenḓa vhaṋe vhane vha vha na nḓivho khulwane ya maidioma. Mafhungo a ṱhoḓisiso iyi o kuvhanganyiwa hu tshi shumiswa mbudziso na mbudzisavhathu dzine dzo ṋewa vhadzulapo vha Vhavenḓa vhane vha vha vhaaluwa vha tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe, vunduni ḽa Limpopo, Afrika Tshipembe. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo wanulusa uri maidioma a Tshivenḓa a na ṱhalutshedzo dzo fhambanaho na zwine zwo ḓowelea sa ṱhalutshedzo dza maipfhi a Tshivenḓa. Zwiṅwe hafhu, ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo bvisela khagala uri musi muthu a tshi ṱoḓa u pfhesesa maidioma a Tshivenḓa nga vhuḓalo, u tea u vha na nḓivho nga ha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa, a vhe muthu a ḓivhaho na mishumo ya miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu. Ndivho khulwane ya ṱhoḓisiso iyi ndi u sengulusa maidioma a Tshivenḓa ane tshivhumbeo tshao tsha vha na madzina ane a bva kha miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu. Tsumbo dza madzina ayo ndi: mbilu, tshanḓa, mulomo, mulenzhe, maṱo, ṱhoho na nḓevhe kha u vha na maanḓa a u ṱuṱuwedza kana u bvisa ṱhalutshedzo nnzhi hu tshi shumiswa tswikelelo ya dzhenerethivi kana ya u andisa na mbambedzo. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo itelwa u thivha gake kha maṅwalwa ngauri a hu athu vha na ṱhoḓisiso yo no itwaho nga ha maidioma a Tshivenḓa ane tshivhumbeo tshao tsha vha na madzina ane kwama miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu i nḓila ya u bvukulula vhupfhiwa ha muthu nga ha zwine a khou amba.
NRF