Journal articles: 'Malvinas Current'

1

Beron-Vera, F. J., N. Bodnariuk, M. Saraceno, M. J. Olascoaga, and C. Simionato. "Stability of the Malvinas Current." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 30, no. 1 (January 2020): 013152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5129441.

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Piola, Alberto R., Bárbara C. Franco, Elbio D. Palma, and Martín Saraceno. "Multiple jets in the Malvinas Current." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118, no. 4 (April 2013): 2107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20170.

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Tokinaga, Hiroki, Youichi Tanimoto, and Shang-Ping Xie. "SST-Induced Surface Wind Variations over the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence: Satellite and In Situ Observations*." Journal of Climate 18, no. 17 (September 1, 2005): 3470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3485.1.

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Abstract The confluence of the Brazil–Malvinas Currents maintains strong sea surface temperature (SST) fronts in the midlatitude southwestern Atlantic year-round. SST effects on near-surface stability and surface wind variations are examined in this region using satellite and in situ datasets. Satellite observations show strong (weak) surface wind speeds over the warm Brazil (cold Malvinas) Current. A novel feature of this study is the construction of a high-resolution surface meteorological dataset that is based on historical ship observations. Analysis of this new in situ dataset reveals an increased (reduced) sea–air temperature difference over the Brazil (Malvinas) Current, indicating destabilization (stabilization) in the atmospheric boundary layer. These results are consistent with the SST-induced vertical mixing mechanism for wind adjustment. The SST effect on the near-surface atmosphere is observed both in the climatology and on interannual time scales in the Brazil–Malvinas confluence. Along a zonal SST front at 49°S northeast of the Malvinas/Falkland Islands, there is a collocated line of surface wind divergence, with moderate convergence to the north. Vertical mixing does not explain this divergence pattern because the prevailing surface winds are westerly, blowing in parallel with the front. An additional mechanism is proposed for boundary layer wind adjustment.

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Vivier, Frédéric, and Christine Provost. "Direct velocity measurements in the Malvinas Current." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 104, no. C9 (September 15, 1999): 21083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900163.

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Matano, R. P., E. D. Palma, and A. R. Piola. "The influence of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents on the Southwestern Atlantic Shelf circulation." Ocean Science 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2010): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-983-2010.

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Abstract. The oceanic circulation over the southwestern Atlantic shelf is influenced by large tidal amplitudes, substantial freshwater discharges, high wind speeds and – most importantly – by its proximity to two of the largest western boundary currents of the world ocean: the Brazil and Malvinas currents. This review article aims to discriminate the dynamical processes controlling the interaction between this extensive shelf region and the deep-ocean. The discussion is focused on two broad regions: the South Brazil Bight to the north, and Patagonia to the south. The exchanges between the Brazil Current and the South Brazil Bight are characterized by the intermittent development of eddies and meanders of the Brazil Current at the shelfbreak. However, it is argued that this is not the only – nor the most important – influence of the Brazil Current on the shelf. Numerical simulations show that the thermohaline structure of the South Brazil Bight can be entirely ascribed to steady state, bottom boundary layer interactions between the shelf and the Brazil Current. The Malvinas Current does not show the development of eddies and meanders, but its influence on the Patagonian shelf is not less important. Models and observations indicate that the Malvinas Current not only controls the shelfbreak dynamics and cross-shelf exchanges but also influences the circulation in the shelf's interior.

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Matano, R. P., E. D. Palma, and A. R. Piola. "The influence of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents on the southwestern Atlantic shelf circulation." Ocean Science Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 20, 2010): 837–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-837-2010.

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Abstract. The oceanic circulation over the southwestern Atlantic shelf is influenced by large tidal amplitudes, substantial freshwater discharges, high wind speeds and – most importantly – by its proximity to two of the largest western boundary currents of the world ocean: the Brazil and Malvinas currents. This review article aims to describe the dynamical processes controlling the interaction between the shelf and the deep-ocean. The discussion is focused on two broad regions: the South Brazil Bight to the north, and Patagonia to the south. The exchanges between the Brazil Current and the South Brazil Bight are characterized by the intermittent development of eddies and meanders of the Brazil Current at the shelfbreak. However, it is argued that this is not the only – nor the most important – influence of the Brazil Current on the shelf. Numerical simulations show that the thermohaline structure of the South Brazil Bight can be entirely ascribed to steady state, bottom boundary layer interactions between the shelf and the Brazil Current. The Malvinas Current does not show the development of eddies and meanders, but its influence on the Patagonian shelf is no less important. Models and observations indicate that the Malvinas Current not only controls the shelfbreak dynamics and cross-shelf exchanges but also the circulation in the shelf's interior.

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Artana, Camila, Ramiro Ferrari, Zoé Koenig, Martin Saraceno, Alberto R. Piola, and Christine Provost. "Malvinas Current variability from Argo floats and satellite altimetry." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121, no. 7 (July 2016): 4854–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jc011889.

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Ramos, Víctor, Farid Chemale, Juan Pablo Lovecchio, and Maximiliano Naipauer. "The Malvinas (Falkland) Plateau Derived from Africa? Constraints for its Tectonic Evolution." Science Reviews - from the end of the world 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52712/sciencereviews.v1i1.23.

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The latest studies on the tectonic evolution of the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands and their adjacent continental plateau further east are analyzed to assess a long controversy regarding the origin of these islands. Although there has been a controversy for several decades on this subject, new technologies and exploratory drilling have brought new data, however the debate of the geological evolution of this area remains open. The two dominant hypotheses are analyzed by assessing the eventual collision between the islands and the South American continent, the presence of a large transcontinental fault such as Gastre, the potential 180º rotation of the Malvinas Islands, and the occurrence of a mega-decollement with opposite vergence. These hypotheses are contrasted with the processes that have occurred in Patagonia, especially those based on the new isotopic data on the Maurice Ewing Bank at the eastern end of the Malvinas Plateau, and the current knowledge of the adjacent Malvinas Basin. The new data highlights the inconsistencies of certain models that proposed these islands migrated from the eastern African coasts near Natal, to their current position and rotated 180º on a vertical axis. The new observations are consolidating the hypothesis that postulates that the islands have been part of the South American continent since before the Paleozoic.

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Freitas, Rose Ane Pereira de, Ronald Buss de Souza, and Rafael Afonso do Nascimento Reis. "Relação entre o Vapor D’Água Atmosférico e a Temperatura da Superfície do Mar Sobre a Região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas, com Base em Dados Coletados In Situ (Relationship between Atmospheric Water Vapor Content and the Sea Surface Temperature in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence considering Data Collected In Situ)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.4.p1370-1384.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência dos gradientes de TSM e da passagem de sistemas atmosféricos transientes sobre a região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas (CBM) no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste e descrever a variabilidade espacial e temporal da concentração de vapor d’água dentro da camada limite atmosférica marinha (CLAM). Os dados foram obtidos a partir de 130 perfis de radiossondas realizados durante dez cruzeiros oceanográficos feitos durante os meses de outubro e novembro entre 2004 e 2015. Os resultados mostram que os gradientes termais entre as águas quentes da Corrente do Brasil e as águas frias da Corrente das Malvinas foram capazes de produzir diferenças significativas no conteúdo de vapor d'água na CLAM nos dois lados da frente oceanográfica. Na superfície, o valor médio da umidade específica sobre o lado quente (frio) foi 8,4 ± 1,67 mm (7,08 ± 1,51 mm). Em todas as observações realizadas, a umidade integrada na CLAM foi diretamente influenciada pela advecção e pela passagem de sistemas atmosféricos transientes. A B S T R A C TThe objective of this work was to analyze the influence of the SST gradients and the passage of transient atmospheric systems at the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) region in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, and to describe the spatial and temporal variability of the water vapor concentration within the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). The data were obtained from 130 radiosondes profiles taken during ten oceanographic cruises carried out during the months of October and November between 2004 and 2015. The results show that the thermal gradients between the warm waters of Brazil Current and the cold waters of the Malvinas Current were able to produce significant differences in the water vapor content of the MABL on both sides of the oceanographic front. On the surface, the average of the specific humidity over the warm (cold) side was 8.4 ± 1.67 mm (7.08 ± 1.51 mm). In all the observations made, the water vapor integrated in the MABL was directly influenced by the advection and by the passage of transient atmospheric systems. Key words: Water Vapor; Brazil-Malvinas Confluence; Atmospheric boundary layer

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Piola, A. R., N. Martínez Avellaneda, R. A. Guerrero, F. P. Jardón, E. D. Palma, and S. I. Romero. "Malvinas-slope water intrusions on the northern Patagonia continental shelf." Ocean Science 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-345-2010.

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Abstract. The Patagonia continental shelf located off southeastern South America is bounded offshore by the Malvinas Current, which extends northward from northern Drake Passage (~55° S) to nearly 38° S. The transition between relatively warm-fresh shelf waters and Subantarctic Waters from the western boundary current is characterized by a thermohaline front extending nearly 2500 km. We use satellite derived sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll-a data combined with hydrographic and surface drifter data to document the intrusions of slope waters onto the continental shelf near 41° S. These intrusions create vertically coherent localized negative temperature and positive salinity anomalies extending onshore about 150 km from the shelf break. The region is associated with a center of action of the first mode of non-seasonal sea surface temperature variability and also relatively high chlorophyll-a variability, suggesting that the intrusions are important in promoting the local development of phytoplankton. The generation of slope water penetrations at this location may be triggered by the inshore excursion of the 100 m isobath, which appears to steer the Malvinas Current waters over the outer shelf.

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Piola, A. R., N. M. Avellaneda, R. A. Guerrero, F. P. Jardón, E. D. Palma, and S. I. Romero. "Malvinas-slope water intrusions on the northern Patagonia continental shelf." Ocean Science Discussions 6, no. 3 (December 2, 2009): 2939–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-2939-2009.

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Abstract. The Patagonia continental shelf located off southeastern South America is bounded offshore by the Malvinas Current, which extends northward from northern Drake Passage (~55° S) to nearly 38° S. The transition between relatively warm-fresh shelf waters and Subantarctic Waters from the western boundary current is characterized by a thermohaline front extending nearly 2500 km. We use satellite derived sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll-a data combined with hydrographic and surface drifter data to document the intrusions of slope waters onto the continental shelf near 41° S. These intrusions create vertically coherent localized negative temperature and positive salinity anomalies extending onshore about 150 km from the shelf break. The region is associated with a center of action of the first mode of non-seasonal sea surface temperature variability and also relatively high chlorophyll-a variability, suggesting that the intrusions are important in promoting the local development of phytoplankton. The generation of slope water penetrations at this location may be triggered by the inshore excursion of the 100 m isobath, which appears to steer the Malvinas Current waters over the outer shelf.

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12

Jullion, Loic, Karen J. Heywood, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, and David P. Stevens. "Circulation and Water Mass Modification in the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 845–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4174.1.

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Abstract The confluence between the Brazil Current and the Malvinas Current [the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence (BMC)] in the Argentine Basin is characterized by a complicated thermohaline structure favoring the exchanges of mass, heat, and salt between the subtropical gyre and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Analysis of thermohaline properties of hydrographic sections in the BMC reveals strong interactions between the ACC and subtropical fronts. In the Subantarctic Front, Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) warm (become saltier) by 0.4° (0.08), 0.3° (0.02), and 0.6°C (0.1), respectively. In the subtropical gyre, AAIW and North Atlantic Deep Water have cooled (freshened) by 0.4° (0.07) and 0.7°C (0.11), respectively. To quantify those ACC–subtropical gyre interactions, a box inverse model surrounding the confluence is built. The model diagnoses a subduction of 16 ± 4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of newly formed SAMW and AAIW under the subtropical gyre corresponding to about half of the total subduction rate of the South Atlantic found in previous studies. Cross-frontal heat (0.06 PW) and salt (2.4 × 1012 kg s−1) gains by the ACC in the BMC contribute to the meridional poleward heat and salt fluxes across the ACC. These estimates correspond to perhaps half of the total cross-ACC poleward heat flux. The authors’ results highlight the BMC as a key region in the subtropical–ACC exchanges.

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BERNAL, M. C., S. D. CAIRNS, P. E. PENCHASZADEH, and D. LAURETTA. "Stylasterids (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Mar del Plata submarine canyon and adjacent area (southwestern Atlantic), with a key to the species off Argentina." Zootaxa 4969, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 401–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.3.1.

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The Argentine continental margin is a poorly explored area as regards its benthic biodiversity. Few works have been made near the Brazil-Malvinas confluence (around 38° S) regarding corals, especially in deep waters (over 1000 m). Hitherto 17 species of stylasterids are known from southwestern Atlantic (SWA) off Argentina. Fourteen species of stylasterids collected from the Mar del Plata submarine canyon and adjacent area in years 2012 and 2013 at depths between 800 and 2200 m are discussed, including the descriptions of 13 of them. The geographic distribution of six species and bathymetric range of occurrence of two species are broadened in this work. Stations where most specimens were collected are located in areas where sedimentation is known to be scarce. Species in common between the study area and the Antarctic region, south of Chile, South Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia suggest the Circumpolar Antarctic Current and the Malvinas Current are the means for dispersion. A key of identification of all stylasterid species off Argentina is included.

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14

Bandari, Anashe. "Lagrangian dynamics of the Malvinas Current are similar to Jupiter’s weather pattern dynamics." Scilight 2020, no. 5 (January 31, 2020): 051108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0000726.

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15

Ferrari, Ramiro, Camila Artana, Martin Saraceno, Alberto R. Piola, and Christine Provost. "Satellite Altimetry and Current‐Meter Velocities in the Malvinas Current at 41°S: Comparisons and Modes of Variations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122, no. 12 (December 2017): 9572–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jc013340.

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Artana, Camila, Christine Provost, Jean‐Michel Lellouche, Marie‐Hélène Rio, Ramiro Ferrari, and Nathalie Sennéchael. "The Malvinas Current at the Confluence With the Brazil Current: Inferences From 25 Years of Mercator Ocean Reanalysis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 10 (October 2019): 7178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015289.

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Vivier, Frédéric, and Christine Provost. "Volume transport of the Malvinas Current: Can the flow be monitored by TOPEX/POSEIDON?" Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 104, no. C9 (September 15, 1999): 21105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900056.

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Paniagua, Guillermina F., Martin Saraceno, Alberto R. Piola, Raúl Guerrero, Christine Provost, Ramiro Ferrari, Loreley S. Lago, and Camila I. Artana. "Malvinas Current at 40°S–41°S: First Assessment of Temperature and Salinity Temporal Variability." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 8 (August 2018): 5323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017jc013666.

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Paniagua, Guillermina F., Martin Saraceno, Alberto R. Piola, Marcela Charo, Ramiro Ferrari, Camila Artana, and Christine Provost. "Malvinas current at 44.7°S: First assessment of velocity temporal variability from in situ data." Progress in Oceanography 195 (July 2021): 102592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102592.

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Castellanos, Paola, Estrella Olmedo, Josep Lluis Pelegrí, Antonio Turiel, and Edmo J. D. Campos. "Seasonal Variability of Retroflection Structures and Transports in the Atlantic Ocean as Inferred from Satellite-Derived Salinity Maps." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070802.

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Three of the world’s most energetic regions are in the tropical and South Atlantic: the North Brazil Current Retroflection, the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence, and the Agulhas Current Retroflection. All three regions display offshore diversions of major boundary currents, which define the intensity of the returning limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. In this work, we use a sea-surface salinity (SSS) satellite product, combined with a high-resolution numerical model and in situ measurements, in order to explore the seasonal variation of the surface currents and transports in these three regions. The analysis of the model output shows that the SSS patterns reflect the surface velocity structure, with the largest horizontal SSS gradients coinciding with those areas of highest velocity and the most predominant velocity vector being 90° anticlockwise (clockwise) from the horizontal SSS gradient in the northern (southern) hemisphere. This information is then applied to the SSS satellite product to obtain maps of water velocity and salt transports, leading to a quantitative tool to estimate both water and salt transports in key regions of the world ocean.

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De Freitas, Rose Ane Pereira, Ronald Buss Souza, Rafael Reis, and Douglas Lindemann. "Relação entre o Vapor D’Água Atmosférico e a Temperatura da Superfície do Mar Sobre a Região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas, com Base em Dados Coletados In Situ (Relationship between Atmospheric Water Vapor Content and the Sea Surface Temperature in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence considering Data Collected In Situ)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 5 (June 28, 2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.5.p1687-1702.

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A atmosfera consiste em um dos menores reservatórios de água do planeta, contribuindo com 0,001% da massa total da água presente, porém, sendo de fundamental importância para os processos físicos na atmosfera. A partir de dados obtidos através de 130 perfis de radiossondas realizados durante dez cruzeiros oceanográficos nos meses de outubro e novembro, entre 2004 e 2015, analisa-se a influência dos gradientes de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) e a passagem de sistemas atmosféricos transientes na variabilidade espaço-temporal da concentração de vapor d’água da camada limite atmosférica marinha (CLAM), sobre a região da Confluência Brasil Malvinas (CBM), enfatizando-se a Operação Antártica 31 (OP31). Os dados de vapor d’água são obtidos calculando-se umidade específica em superfície e água precipitável dentro da camada limite atmosférica. Os resultados mostram que os gradientes térmicos entre as águas quentes da Corrente do Brasil (CB) e as águas frias da Corrente das Malvinas (CM) produzem diferenças significativas no conteúdo de vapor d'água da CLAM nos dois lados da frente oceanográfica. Na superfície, o valor médio da umidade específica sobre o lado quente (frio) foi 8,4 ± 1,67 mm (7,08 ± 1,51 mm). A CLAM foi localmente modulada pela TSM, sendo cerca de 2g/kg mais úmida sobre a região quente da frente oceanográfica em relação à região fria. Em todas as observações realizadas, o vapor d’água integrado na CLAM foi diretamente influenciada pela passagem de sistemas atmosféricos transiente. A B S T R A C TThe atmosphere is the smallest contributor of the planet's water tanks, providing only 0.001% of the water total mass, however, it is of fundamental importance for playing a key role in the atmosphere's physical processes. The data were obtained from 130 radiosondes profiles taken during ten oceanographic cruises carried out during the months of October and November between 2004 and 2015, analyzed the influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) gradients and the passage of transient atmospheric systems at the spatial-temporal variability of the water vapor concentration within the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), over Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC), emphasizing the Antarctic Operation 31 (AO31). Water vapor data are obtained by calculating surface specific moisture and precipitable water within the atmospheric boundary layer. The results show that the thermal gradients between the warm waters of Brazil Current and the cold waters of the Malvinas Current were able to produce significant differences in the water vapor content of the MABL on both sides of the oceanographic front. On the surface, the average of the specific humidity over the warm (cold) side was 8.4 ± 1.67 mm (7.08 ± 1.51 mm). The MABL was locally modulated by the SST, being about 2 g/kg wetter over the warm part of the front with respect to the cold one. In all the observations made, the water vapor integrated in the MABL was directly influenced by the passage of transient atmospheric systems.Key words: Southwest Atlantic; Oceanographic front; Transient atmospheric system

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Matano, Ricardo P., and Elbio D. Palma. "On the Upwelling of Downwelling Currents." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 2482–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3783.1.

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Abstract The term “downwelling currents” refers to currents with a downslope mass flux in the bottom boundary layer. Examples are the Malvinas and Southland Currents in the Southern Hemisphere and the Oyashio in the Northern Hemisphere. Although many of these currents generate the same type of highly productive ecosystems that is associated with upwelling regimes, the mechanism that may drive such upwelling remains unclear. In this article, it is postulated that the interaction between a downwelling current and the continental slope generates shelfbreak upwelling. The proposed mechanism is relatively simple. As a downwelling current flows along the continental slope, bottom friction and lateral diffusion spread it onto the neighboring shelf, thus generating along-shelf pressure gradients and a cross-shelf circulation pattern that leads to shelfbreak upwelling. At difference with previous studies of shelfbreak dynamics (e.g., Gawarkiewicz and Chapman, Chapman and Lentz, and Pickart), the shelfbreak upwelling in the proposed model is not controlled by the downslope buoyancy flux associated with the presence of a shelf current but by the along-shelf pressure gradient associated with the presence of a slope current. As these experiments demonstrate, shelfbreak upwelling will occur in flat-bottomed domains or even in the absence of a bottom boundary layer. The shelfbreak upwelling, moreover, is not evidence of the separation of the bottom boundary layer but of the downstream divergence of the slope currents, and its magnitude is proportional to the volume transport of that current. To prove this hypothesis, the results of a series of process-oriented numerical experiments are presented.

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Dodds, Klaus, and Alan D. Hemmings. "Recent developments in relations between the United Kingdom and the Argentine Republic in the South Atlantic/Antarctic region." Polar Record 50, no. 2 (January 14, 2013): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247412000794.

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ABSTRACTThis article assesses the current state of UK-Argentine relations with reference to the South Atlantic and Antarctic region. Three major themes are pursued: the current state of UK-Argentine relations, with the contested Falklands/Malvinas looming large in the assessment, alongside fisheries management around South Georgia; the mapping of Argentine Antarctic territory in the context of extended continental shelf delimitation; and finally, the recent UK White Paper on Overseas Territories is noted insofar as it marks the most recent public assessment of how the coalition government is attempting to manage the most southerly portions of the British Overseas Territories portfolio. The article concludes with a warning that there is a danger that worsening UK-Argentine relations might begin to have more profound implications for the Antarctic Treaty System as resource, sovereignty and territorial issues acquire more piquancy.

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Wilckens, Henriette, Elda Miramontes, Tilmann Schwenk, Camila Artana, Wenyan Zhang, Alberto R. Piola, Michele Baques, et al. "The erosive power of the Malvinas Current: Influence of bottom currents on morpho-sedimentary features along the northern Argentine margin (SW Atlantic Ocean)." Marine Geology 439 (September 2021): 106539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106539.

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Pilo, G. S., M. M. Mata, and J. L. L. Azevedo. "Eddy Surface properties and propagation at Southern Hemisphere western boundary current systems." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-135-2015.

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Abstract. Oceanic eddies occur in all world oceans, but are more energetic when associated to western boundary currents (WBC) systems. In these regions, eddies play an important role on mixing and energy exchange. Therefore, it is important to quantify and qualify eddies occurring within these systems. Previous studies performed eddy censuses in Southern Hemisphere WBC systems. However, important aspects of local eddy population are still unknown. Main questions to be answered relate to eddies' spatial distribution, propagation and lifetime within each system. Here, we use a global eddy dataset to qualify eddies based on their surface characteristics at the Agulhas Current (AC), the Brazil Current (BC) and the East Australian Current (EAC) Systems. We show that eddy propagation within each system is highly forced by the local mean flow and bathymetry. In the AC System, eddy polarity dictates its propagation distance. BC system eddies do not propagate beyond the Argentine Basin, and are advected by the local ocean circulation. EAC System eddies from both polarities cross south of Tasmania, but only anticyclonics reach the Great Australian Bight. Eddies in all systems and from both polarities presented a geographical segregation according to size. Large eddies occur along the Agulhas Retroflection, the Agulhas Return Current, the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence and the Coral Sea. Small eddies occur in the systems southernmost domains. Understanding eddies' propagation helps to establish monitoring programs, and to better understand how these features would affect local mixing.

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Zharkov, Volodymyr, and Doron Nof. "Why Does the North Brazil Current Regularly Shed Rings but the Brazil Current Does Not?" Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4246.1.

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Abstract Both the North Brazil Current (NBC) and the Brazil Current (BC) are western boundary currents (WBCs) that separate from the western Atlantic coast. The NBC retroflects and sheds several rings per year (at the retroflection region), whereas the BC rarely sheds rings near its separation point. Traditionally, the difference between these two WBCs has been attributed to the Malvinas Current (MC), whose momentum flux opposes the poleward momentum flux of the BC, thus preventing rings shedding at the point where the current leaves the coast. Even in the absence of the MC, rings from the separating BC would have never been regularly generated because of the relatively large slant of the coastline relative to the zonal direction. Using the recently proposed theory of Zharkov and Nof, it is demonstrated that the large inclination of the coastline between 20° and 45°S (approximately 50°) lies within the regime that does not allow the BC a continuous shedding of rings. In contrast, the inclination of the coastline between 5° and 8°N is sufficiently small to allow the NBC a continuous and smooth shedding of rings. The importance of the coastline inclination comes about through a ring β-induced westward propagation rate. In the small inclination case, the alongshore migration is fast, allowing the newly formed rings to quickly escape from their generation zone (i.e., before they are recaptured by the newly born rings generated behind). In contrast, in the high inclination case, the alongshore speed is so small that the rings spend a long time in the generation area and, consequently, are usually recaptured by the new rings generated just behind them. The authors argue, paradoxically, that the rings occasionally shed by the BC are probably due to the MC that advects the rings away from the generation area, preventing their recapture by the current behind them. Although no new analytical solutions are presented, the authors elaborate on the application of the recapturing condition to the NBC and BC and show new numerical simulations for both the NBC and the BC.

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Benthien, Albert, and Peter J. Müller. "Anomalously low alkenone temperatures caused by lateral particle and sediment transport in the Malvinas Current region, western Argentine Basin." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 47, no. 12 (December 2000): 2369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(00)00030-3.

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Krechik, V. A. "The upper layer of the Malvinas/Falkland current: Structure, and transport near 46\hbox {$^\circ $}S in January 2020." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 20, no. 5 (September 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2020es000715.

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Santos, Alberto. "Quelques éléments sur les implications de la stratégie maritime américaine en Europe." Études internationales 18, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 761–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702251ar.

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It is generally accepted that maritime strategy, which has never ceased to be one of the main concerns of the American strategists since 1898, has contributed significantly to the changes which have occurred in strategic thought since 1981, and that it has an influence on the evolution of the Atlantic Alliance. In this study, an attempt is made to full the gaps in the thoughts on US maritime strategy by focussing on an analysis of the debate as revived by the 1982 war in the Malvinas although such debate was current under the Carter administration; a debate which has attracted very little attention, if any, from those who have been studying the question of expenditures in Europe. It opposes two of the main schools of thought in strategy, namely the maritimist and the coalitionist.

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Souza, J. M. A. C., C. de Boyer Montégut, and P. Y. Le Traon. "Comparison between three implementations of automatic identification algorithms for the quantification and characterization of mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic Ocean." Ocean Science 7, no. 3 (May 18, 2011): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-7-317-2011.

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Abstract. Three methods for automatic detection of mesoscale coherent structures are applied to Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) fields in the South Atlantic. The first method is based on the wavelet packet decomposition of the SLA data, the second on the estimation of the Okubo-Weiss parameter and the third on a geometric criterion using the winding-angle approach. The results provide a comprehensive picture of the mesoscale eddies over the South Atlantic Ocean, emphasizing their main characteristics: amplitude, diameter, duration and propagation velocity. Five areas of particular eddy dynamics were selected: the Brazil Current, the Agulhas eddies propagation corridor, the Agulhas Current retroflexion, the Brazil-Malvinas confluence zone and the northern branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). For these areas, mean propagation velocities and amplitudes were calculated. Two regions with long duration eddies were observed, corresponding to the propagation of Agulhas and ACC eddies. Through the comparison between the identification methods, their main advantages and shortcomings were detailed. The geometric criterion presents the best performance, mainly in terms of number of detections, duration of the eddies and propagation velocities. The results are particularly good for the Agulhas Rings, which have the longest lifetimes of all South Atlantic eddies.

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Souza, J. M. A. C., C. de Boyer Montégut, and P. Y. Le Traon. "Comparison between three implementations of automatic identification algorithms for the quantification and characterization of mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic Ocean." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 483–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-483-2011.

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Abstract. Three methods for automatic detection of mesoscale coherent structures are applied to Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) fields in the South Atlantic. The first method is based on the wavelet packet decomposition of the SLA data, the second on the estimation of the Okubo-Weiss parameter and the third on a geometric criterion using the winding-angle approach. The results provide a comprehensive picture of the mesoscale eddies over the South Atlantic Ocean, emphasizing their main characteristics: amplitude, diameter, duration and propagation velocity. Five areas of particular eddy dynamics were selected: the Brazil Current, the Agulhas eddies propagation corridor, the Agulhas Current retroflexion, the Brazil-Malvinas confluence zone and the northern branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). For these areas, mean propagation velocities and amplitudes were calculated. Two regions with long duration eddies were observed, corresponding to the propagation of Agulhas and ACC eddies. Through the comparison between the identification methods, their main advantages and shortcomings were detailed. The geometric criterion presents a better performance, mainly in terms of number of detections, duration of the eddies and propagation velocities. The results are particularly good for the Agulhas Rings, that presented the longest lifetimes of all South Atlantic eddies.

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Weijer, Wilbert, Bernadette M. Sloyan, Mathew E. Maltrud, Nicole Jeffery, Matthew W. Hecht, Corinne A. Hartin, Erik van Sebille, Ilana Wainer, and Laura Landrum. "The Southern Ocean and Its Climate in CCSM4." Journal of Climate 25, no. 8 (April 10, 2012): 2652–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00302.1.

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Abstract The new Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), provides a powerful tool to understand and predict the earth’s climate system. Several aspects of the Southern Ocean in the CCSM4 are explored, including the surface climatology and interannual variability, simulation of key climate water masses (Antarctic Bottom Water, Subantarctic Mode Water, and Antarctic Intermediate Water), the transport and structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and interbasin exchange via the Agulhas and Tasman leakages and at the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence. It is found that the CCSM4 has varying degrees of accuracy in the simulation of the climate of the Southern Ocean when compared with observations. This study has identified aspects of the model that warrant further analysis that will result in a more comprehensive understanding of ocean–atmosphere–ice dynamics and interactions that control the earth’s climate and its variability.

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Artana, Camila, Jean‐Michel Lellouche, Young‐Hyang Park, Gilles Garric, Zoé Koenig, Nathalie Sennéchael, Ramiro Ferrari, Alberto R. Piola, Martin Saraceno, and Christine Provost. "Fronts of the Malvinas Current System: Surface and Subsurface Expressions Revealed by Satellite Altimetry, Argo Floats, and Mercator Operational Model Outputs." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 8 (August 2018): 5261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc013887.

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Weir, Caroline R., and Andrew Stanworth. "The Falkland Islands (Malvinas) as sub-Antarctic foraging, migratory and wintering habitat for southern right whales." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419001024.

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AbstractThe historical and contemporary presence of southern right whales (SRWs; Eubalaena australis) around the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) has received little recognition. We assessed SRW occurrence in the Falklands via whaling records, a literature review, systematic surveys (boat, aerial and shore-based), and citizen science sightings. The combined data sources indicated a year-round (peaking in austral summer) presence of SRWs in pelagic areas around the Falklands. In contrast, most nearshore records originated in the austral late autumn and winter (May to August), including a marked increase in sightings along the north-east coast during 2017 compared with previous years. The data support spatio-temporal variation in the use of Falklands waters by SRWs. Pelagic waters appear to comprise summer foraging habitat, and may also be used by animals migrating between the Patagonian shelf and feeding grounds located further south and east. The peak numbers observed in nearshore waters occurred earlier in the winter (July) than those on the Argentinean or Brazilian calving grounds (Aug–Oct). Consequently, some whales may have continued migrating northwards to established breeding areas after departing Falklands waters. A component of the south-west Atlantic population could also be using the islands as a novel wintering destination, for mating and/or socializing (no calving has been confirmed to date). The importance of Falklands waters as a multi-use SRW habitat appears to be increasing. The region is important in the context of addressing current knowledge gaps regarding feeding grounds and migratory corridors highlighted in international SRW conservation and management plans for the wider South-west Atlantic.

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LAURETTA, DANIEL, and MARIANO I. MARTINEZ. "Corallimorpharians (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia) from the Argentinean Sea." Zootaxa 4688, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4688.2.5.

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Corallimorpharians are a relative small group of anthozoan cnidarians, also known as jewel sea anemones. They resemble actiniarian sea anemones in lacking a skeleton and being solitary, but resemble scleractinian corals in external and internal morphology, and they are considered to be the sister group of the stony corals. Corynactis carnea (=Sphincteractis sanmatiensis) is a small, common and eye catching species that inhabits the shallow water of northern Patagonia and the Argentinean shelf up to 200 m depth. Corallimorphus rigidus is registered for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It is a rather big and rare species that inhabits only the deep sea. Only two specimens were found at 2934 m depth in Mar del Plata submarine canyon, in an area under the influence of the Malvinas current, which may explain its occurrence. These two species are the only two known jewel sea anemones in the Argentinean sea and are reported and described herein.

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Artana, Camila, Ramiro Ferrari, Zoé Koenig, Nathalie Sennéchael, Martin Saraceno, Alberto R. Piola, and Christine Provost. "Malvinas Current Volume Transport at 41°S: A 24 Yearlong Time Series Consistent With Mooring Data From 3 Decades and Satellite Altimetry." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 1 (January 2018): 378–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jc013600.

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Provost, Christine, Omar Garcia, and Véronique Garçon. "Analysis of satellite sea surface temperature time series in the Brazil-Malvinas Current Confluence region: Dominance of the annual and semiannual periods." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 97, no. C11 (November 15, 1992): 17841–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jc01693.

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Barré, Nicolas, Christine Provost, and Martin Saraceno. "Spatial and temporal scales of the Brazil–Malvinas Current confluence documented by simultaneous MODIS Aqua 1.1-km resolution SST and color images." Advances in Space Research 37, no. 4 (January 2006): 770–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.026.

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England, Matthew H., and Véronique C. Garçon. "South Atlantic circulation in a world ocean model." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 9 (August 31, 1994): 812–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0812-y.

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Abstract. The circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean has been simulated within a global ocean general circulation model. Preliminary analysis of the modelled ocean circulation in the region indicates a rather close agreement of the simulated upper ocean flows with conventional notions of the large-scale geostrophic currents in the region. The modelled South Atlantic Ocean witnesses the return flow and export of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) at its northern boundary, the inflow of a rather barotropic Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) through the Drake Passage, and the inflow of warm saline Agulhas water around the Cape of Good Hope. The Agulhas leakage amounts to 8.7 Sv, within recent estimates of the mass transport shed westward at the Agulhas retroflection. Topographic steering of the ACC dominates the structure of flow in the circumpolar ocean. The Benguela Current is seen to be fed by a mixture of saline Indian Ocean water (originating from the Agulhas Current) and fresher Subantarctic surface water (originating in the ACC). The Benguela Current is seen to modify its flow and fate with depth; near the surface it flows north-westwards bifurcating most of its transport northward into the North Atlantic Ocean (for ultimate replacement of North Atlantic surface waters lost to the NADW conveyor). Deeper in the water column, more of the Benguela Current is destined to return with the Brazil Current, though northward flows are still generated where the Benguela Current extension encounters the coast of South America. At intermediate levels, these northward currents trace the flow of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) equatorward, though even more AAIW is seen to recirculate poleward in the subtropical gyre. In spite of the model's rather coarse resolution, some subtle features of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence are simulated rather well, including the latitude at which the two currents meet. Conceptual diagrams of the recirculation and interocean exchange of thermocline, intermediate and deep waters are constructed from an analysis of flows bound between isothermal and isobaric surfaces. This analysis shows how the return path of NADW is partitioned between a cold water route through the Drake Passage (6.5 Sv), a warm water route involving the Agulhas Current sheeding thermocline water westward (2.5 Sv), and a recirculation of intermediate water originating in the Indian Ocean (1.6 Sv).

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Artana, Camila, Jean-Michel Lellouche, Nathalie Sennéchael, and Christine Provost. "The Open-Ocean Side of the Malvinas Current in Argo Floats and 24 Years of Mercator Ocean High-Resolution (1/12) Physical Reanalysis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 11 (November 2018): 8489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014528.

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Provost, Christine, and Pierre-Yves Le Traon. "Spatial and temporal scales in altimetric variability in the Brazil-Malvinas current confluence region: Dominance of the semiannual period and large spatial scales." Journal of Geophysical Research 98, no. C10 (1993): 18037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc00693.

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Kylin, Henrik. "Birds and mammals off the northern coast of Argentina: first report of an association between birds and a feeding Pygmy Right Whale Caprea marginata." Ornis Svecica 23, no. 3–4 (October 1, 2013): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v23.22572.

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When the icebreaker Oden passed between 39°36'S, 57°46'W and 39°59'S, 58°11'W on 20 November 2007, an extraordinary observation was made. A feeding Pygmy Right Whale Caprea marginata, a species rarely seen, was attended by eight Grey Phalaropes Phalaropus fulicarius, two Slender-billed Prions Pachyptila belcheri, and four Wilson’s Storm Petrels Oceanites oceanicus. The birds returned to feed around the head of the whale every time it surfaced, presumably copepod plankton straining out between the baleen. The site is off Rio de la Plata estuary where nutrient rich freshwater meets cold water of the Malvinas (Falkland) Current, creating a hotspot with high levels of plankton food. The conditions were extraordinarily favourable for observation with a calm sea, no wind and only a very weak swell. Six multispecies feeding groups were seen with a total of 42 species of birds, eleven species of whales, dolphins and porpoises, and three species of seals. Dusky Dolphins Lagenorhynchus obscurus and Great Shearwaters Puffinus gravis were predominant in the groups.

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Michaelovitch de Mahiques, Michel, Roberto Violante, Paula Franco-Fraguas, Leticia Burone, Cesar Barbedo Rocha, Leonardo Ortega, Rosangela Felicio dos Santos, Bianca Sung Mi Kim, Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira, and Marcia Caruso Bícego. "Control of oceanic circulation on sediment distribution in the southwestern Atlantic margin (23 to 55° S)." Ocean Science 17, no. 5 (September 15, 2021): 1213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1213-2021.

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Abstract. In this study, we interpret the role played by ocean circulation in sediment distribution on the southwestern Atlantic margin using radiogenic Nd and Pb isotopes. The latitudinal trends for Pb and Nd isotopes reflect the different current systems acting on the margin. The utilization of the sediment fingerprinting method allowed us to associate the isotopic signatures with the main oceanographic features in the area. We recognized differences between Nd and Pb sources to the Argentinean shelf (carried by the flow of Subantarctic Shelf Water) and slopes (transported by deeper flows). Sediments from Antarctica extend up to the Uruguayan margin, carried by the Upper and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water. Our data confirm that, for shelf and intermediate areas (the upper 1200 m), the transfer of sediments from the Argentinean margin to the north of 35∘ S is limited by the Subtropical Shelf Front and the basin-wide recirculated Antarctic Intermediate Water. On the southern Brazilian inner and middle shelf, it is possible to recognize the northward influence of the Río de la Plata sediments carried by the Plata Plume Water. Another flow responsible for sediment transport and deposition on the outer shelf and slope is the southward flow of the Brazil Current. Finally, we propose that the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence and the Santos Bifurcation act as boundaries of geochemical provinces in the area. A conceptual model of sediment sources and transport is provided for the southwestern Atlantic margin.

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Angulo, Rodolfo J., Paula J. Reimer, Maria C. de Souza, Rita Scheel-Ybert, Maria C. Tenório, Sibelle T. Disaró, and Maria D. Gaspar. "A Tentative Determination of Upwelling Influence on the Paleo-Surficial Marine Water Reservoir Effect in Southeastern Brazil." Radiocarbon 49, no. 3 (2007): 1255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043162.

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Previous work has suggested that seasonal and interannual upwelling of deep, cold, radiocarbon-depleted waters from the South Atlantic has caused variations in the reservoir effect (R) through time along the southern coast of Brazil. This work aims to examine the possible upwelling influence on the paleoreservoir age of Brazilian surficial coastal waters based on paired terrestrial/marine samples obtained from archaeological remains. On the Brazilian coast, there are hundreds of shell middens built up by an ancient culture that lived between 6500 to 1500 yr ago, but there are few shell middens located on open-coast sites with a known upwelling influence. Three archaeological sites located in a large headland in Arraial do Cabo and Una de Cabo Frio on the southeastern coast of Brazil, with open-ocean conditions and a well-known strong and large upwelling of the Malvinas/Falkland current, were chosen for this study. The 14C age differences between carbonized seed and marine samples varied from 281 ± 44 to 1083 ± 51 14C yr. There are also significant age differences between carbonized seed samples (977 14C yr) and marine samples (200 and 228 14C yr) from the same archaeological layer that cannot be explained by a reservoir effect or an old-wood effect for charcoal. Therefore, the present data from the southeastern Brazilian coast are inconclusive for identifying an upwelling effect on R. To do so, it would be necessary to more precisely define the present–pre-bomb R in upwelling regions, and to analyze paired marine/terrestrial samples that are contemporaneous beyond doubt.

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PEDRANA, JULIETA, KLEMENS PÜTZ, LUCÍA BERNAD, SEBASTIÁN MUÑOZ, ANTONELLA GOROSÁBEL, GABRIEL CASTRESANA, ALEJANDRO LEISS, and JUAN PABLO SECO PON. "Spatial and temporal variation in the migration of Ruddy-headed Goose in southern South America using satellite tagging." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270920000143.

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SummaryRuddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps is the smallest of the five South American sheldgeese and has two separate populations: one sedentary, which resides in the Malvinas/Falkland Islands and one migratory that overwinters mainly in the Pampas region, Argentina and breeds in Southern Patagonia. The Ruddy-headed Goose’s continental population has decreased considerably, and recent estimates indicated that the population size is less than 800 individuals. In Argentina and Chile, this population is categorised as endangered. Understanding migration across vast landscapes is essential for the identification of factors affecting the survival of this endangered population and for the application of effective conservation measures. We aim to provide the first documentation of the complete migration cycle of Ruddy-headed Goose, and to analyse their annual migration in detail, including identification of stop-over, breeding and wintering sites, and to compare migration timing during spring and autumn migration. Adults were captured in the southern Pampas and equipped with solar satellite transmitters in 2015 and 2016. We analysed the influence of season (spring vs autumn migration) on the number and duration of stop-overs, distance travelled and overall migration speed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Our results showed that tracked geese used the eastern Patagonian route to reach their breeding grounds and take the same route after breeding. Spring migration was significantly faster than autumn migration, at least based on the number of days spent in their stop-overs. Stop-overs were closer to the final destination, either during spring and autumn migrations, though some of them were not used during subsequent migrations. Our migration cartography for Ruddy-headed Geese, together with the timing and location data, should be used to improve conservation efforts directed at this species and might contribute to the modification of the current status of ‘Least Concern’ under the IUCN criteria.

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Gayoso, Ana María, and Guillermo P. Podestá. "Surface hydrography and phytoplankton of the Brazil-Malvinas currents confluence." Journal of Plankton Research 18, no. 6 (1996): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/18.6.941.

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Maamaatuaiahutapu, K., V. Garçon, C. Provost, and H. Mercier. "Transports of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents at their Confluence." Journal of Marine Research 56, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224098321822366.

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48

Olson, Donald B., Guillermo P. Podestá, Robert H. Evans, and Otis B. Brown. "Temporal variations in the separation of Brazil and Malvinas Currents." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 35, no. 12 (December 1988): 1971–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90120-3.

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Garzoli, Silvia L., and Zulema Garraffo. "Transports, frontal motions and eddies at the Brazil-Malvinas currents confluence." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 36, no. 5 (May 1989): 681–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90145-3.

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Burone, Leticia, Paula Franco-Fraguas, Michel Mahiques, and Leonardo Ortega. "GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE URUGUAYAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN: A REVIEW AND STATE OF ART / CARACTERIZAÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA E SEDIMENTOLÓGICA DA MARGEM CONTINENTAL DO URUGUAI: UMA REVISÃO E ESTADO DA ARTE." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 3, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2018.39150.

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The Uruguayan Continental Margin is located in a strategic location of great relevance to understand the dynamics of the regional and global climate and to study the sedimentary processes. The Río de la Plata represents the largest fluvial discharge of the Southwest Atlantic (23.000 m3/s of water and 57.000.000 m3/year of sediment for the South Atlantic Ocean). The sub-surface and deep circulation are characterized by the confluence of water masses with contrasting thermohaline characteristics that determine the formation of well-marked hydrological fronts. In the continental shelf, this characteristic is represented by the Subtropical Shelf Front, as a shallow extension of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence that occurs in deep water off the shelf. Although the knowledge of the regional circulation is acceptable, there are significant gaps in the knowledge related to the influence of this complex hydrological system on sedimentation processes. The objective of this work is to synthesize the present knowledge about the morpho-sedimentary characteristics of the Uruguayan Continental Margin and the processes involved in its formation. It also aims to discuss some knowledge gaps that are the subject of current research in the region. The knowledge reflects the scientific-technological evolution at a global level that is translated in the increase of recent works on the continental slope. Nowadays, most of the available information is associated with the inner shelf and upper slope. Starting from the basis of the close relationship between bathymetry and sedimentological distribution it is clear that efforts should be concentrated on the better understanding of the interaction between the shelf and the slope. The scientific knowledge regarding sedimentology and geochemistry along the Uruguayan Continental Margin is still, scarce and heterogeneous. However, it indicates complexity in the sedimentary coverture present both in the continental shelf and slope. The Uruguayan Continental Margin can be considered as an in situ laboratory to improve the understanding of the influence of oceanic hydrodynamics on the margin configuration, a key point to achieve better paleoceanographic interpretations. In this sense, due to the complexity of both modern hydrology and morphological configuration of the margin, it would be interesting to understand the relative importance of the control of each environment on surface sedimentation. A better understanding of the processes that link the near bottom circulation and continental slope features is needed. At the same time, this will allow deepening a new field of research in Uruguay, considering the joint and interrelated vision between sedimentary and oceanographic processes. ResumoA Margem Continental do Uruguai está localizada num local estratégico de grande relevância para entender a dinâmica do clima regional e global e para estudar os processos sedimentares. O Río de la Plata representa a maior descarga fluvial do Atlântico Sudoeste (23.000 m3/s de água e 57.000.000 m3/ano de sedimento para o Oceano Atlântico Sul). A circulação de subsuperfície e profunda são caracterizadas pela confluência de massas de água com características termohalinas contrastantes que determinam a formação de frentes hidrográficas bem marcadas. Na plataforma continental, essa característica é representada pela Frente Subtropical da Plataforma, uma extensão rasa da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas que ocorre em águas profundas ao largo da plataforma. Embora seja considerável o conhecimento da circulação regional, existem lacunas significativas no conhecimento da influência deste complexo sistema hidrológico nos processos de sedimentação. O objetivo deste trabalho é sintetizar o conhecimento atual sobre as características morfo-sedimentares da Margem Continental Uruguaia e os processos envolvidos na sua formação. Também pretende discutir algumas lacunas de conhecimento que são objeto de pesquisas atuais na região. O conhecimento reflete a evolução científico-tecnológica a nível global, que se traduz no aumento de trabalhos recentes na vertente continental. Atualmente, a maior parte da informação disponível está associada à plataforma continental interna e ao talude continental superior. Partindo da base da estreita relação entre a batimetria e a distribuição sedimentológica, torna-se claro que os esforços devem ser concentrados na melhor compreensão da interação entre a plataforma e o talude continental. O conhecimento científico sobre sedimentologia e geoquímica ao longo da Margem Continental do Uruguai é ainda escasso e heterogêneo. No entanto, os dados existentes indicam que a cobertura sedimentar presente tanto na plataforma quanto no talude continental é complexa. A Margem Continental do Uruguai pode ser considerada um laboratório in situ para melhorar a compreensão da influência da hidrodinâmica oceânica na configuração da margem, ponto chave para se obterem melhores interpretações paleoceanográficas. Nesse sentido, devido à complexidade da hidrologia moderna e da configuração morfológica da margem, seria interessante entender a importância relativa do controle de cada ambiente sobre a sedimentação superficial. É necessário um melhor entendimento dos processos que ligam as características de circulação próxima do continente à que ocorre no talude continental. Este conhecimento permitirá aprofundar um novo campo de pesquisa no Uruguai, considerando a visão conjunta e inter-relacionada entre processos sedimentares e oceanográficos.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Malvinas Current'

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