Academic literature on the topic 'Mamelodi township'

The University of Pretoria adopted an anchor institution strategy and designated the Mamelodi Campus as a Faculty with a focus on community engagement with the primary goal of broadening educational pathways to post-secondary school attainment. This paper provides an overview of how two strategic goals of the University namely, widening access and success and strengthening social responsiveness have manifested over a decade through designating STEM access programmes to a campus located in the impoverished township, Mamelodi. The anchor mission entails improvement of the access programmes through incorporating the student voice, as well the improvement of After-School Programmes (ASPs) by formalizing a Pre-University Academy (PUA). The PUA is a signature academic programme geared towards fostering articulation between the high school initiatives, access programmes and the mainstream programmes to ensure a seamless transition from secondary school to graduation. The paper provides lessons drawn from the provision of the programmes which resulted in “forward and backward” articulation to close the school-university gap while addressing systemic educational problems left by the legacy of apartheid. The paper further elaborates on the process followed to cement the anchor mission through the PUA as well as make recommendations to strengthen anchor institution strategy efforts in similar contexts.

<p>Domestic violence against women is a serious health and safety problem facing women around the world. Scholars of domestic violence have identified demographic factors such as age, number of children, family structure, unemployment, substance abuse, stress factors within the family, male partner’s educational attainment and poverty, as closely associated with domestic violence. While these factors have gained scholarly recognition, there is a dominant narrative among victims of domestic violence that “alcohol is responsible” for abusive relationships in Mamelodi, a black township near Pretoria, South Africa. Using the empirical data from Mamelodi, this article probes the narratives of female victims of domestic violence. The paper uses qualitative data in its analysis.</p>

Domestic violence against women is a serious social and public health problem facing women in South Africa and other countries. This social malaise in South Africa is often seen as “private” – committed within the home space, or “imperceptible” to the public. In other words, domestic violence is framed as a phenomenon that takes place exclusively behind the closed doors of the home. This study contends with this notion of “imperceptibility” in the domestic violence discourse. Using qualitative data from Mamelodi, a black township in Pretoria, South Africa, this paper argues that the notion of imperceptibility is reductionist and helps to perpetuate the act. The commission of domestic violence does not only take place in the privacy of the home; it is also committed in public, and it is visible to the community where it takes place.

In South Africa, the National Curriculum Statement-Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (NCS-CAPS), which came into effect in 2011, was expected to play a critical role in raising environmental literacy among school learners. However, no detailed studies have evaluated its effectiveness in fulfilling this role, especially within schools in peri-urban areas. Consequently, this paper evaluated the level of environmental awareness, perceptions, and participation amongst secondary school learners in the peri-urban area of Mamelodi Township. Primary data for this evaluation research were collected from Grade 9 and Grade 11 secondary school learners by means of a close-ended questionnaire. The results revealed the important role played by school subjects such as Geography, Biology, and Life Orientation while other school subjects were less frequently acknowledged by the learners. The research also revealed the different sources of environmental learning, environmental awareness, as well as environmental problems that the learners were familiar with. However, in some instances, there were statistically significant differences between Grade 9 and Grade 11 learners, thus indicating differences in the learning content and the degree to which environmental education was taught in the different grades.

The study was conducted in Madibeng, Mamelodi and Soshanguve townships of South Africa in order to assess and evaluate the main reasons for the non-payment of municipal services by members of the community. The study was conducted based on a stratified random sample of size 428 households. Statistical data analyses were performed by using methods such as ordered logistic regression analysis and Bayesian analyses. The results showed that 22% of households in Madibeng, 54% of households in Mamelodi and 78% of households in Soshanguve were willing to pay for municipal services that were provided to them by their local municipalities. Reluctance to pay for municipal services was significantly influenced by employment status, level of formal education and race group.

The primary aim of this research paper is to investigate the branding patterns of consumers residing in townships (also referred to as underdeveloped areas/black urban areas) within the Tshwane area of South Africa. Households in black urban areas are already by far the largest group in the middle-income (LSM 5 to 8) market, where their figures continue to grow gradually (Chase, Legoete & van Wamelen, 2010:2). A quantitative approach was used for this study where a survey questionnaire was the method for collecting data. In order to satisfy research objectives of the study, a self-administered location based survey was distributed to the residents of Shoshanguve, Mamelodi and Attridgeville; black urban areas within the Tshwane region of South Africa.

PurposeDespite the proven importance of co-design as a way of improving the social relevance of architecture, there is a lack of opportunity for meaningful co-design processes in the current professional Master of Architecture programme in South Africa as it is largely modelled on the professional work stages of the South African Council for the Architecture Profession (SACAP), which are based on the assumption of primary authorship and authority of the architect.Design/methodology/approachThis problem has been investigated by way of ten workshops with high school learners in the Mamelodi East township in South Africa, as part of a professional master’s degree in architecture.FindingsThe findings of the workshops indicate that the initial stages of design could benefit directly from the participation processes and could be critiqued constructively. However, increased resistance to the process by crit panels was experienced once the sketch design phase was completed and the expectation of primary authorship increased. Engagement of the learners in the latter part of the design decision-making process also diminished as levels of experience in spatial design became evidently further removed from the expected outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsIn terms of co-design discourse and the evident value of participatory skills in practice, it is evident that the initial work stages of concept, brief and ideation are fairly easily assimilated into the pedagogical requirements of the degree programme and as such could enable a more socially relevant and responsive approach to professional practice.Practical implicationsThe South African standard of practising architecture leaves little space for the process of co-design, even within the educational environment. The value of co-design within this context lies predominantly in the values and conversations generated rather than the aesthetics of the end product. The process of co-design opens up the opportunity for new dialogues to emerge and for relationships to form.Social implicationsCo-design illustrates how architectural intelligence can be exercised in a much broader spatial field that acknowledges more than just the building itself but social, global, ecological and virtual networks, thereby changing how the authors design, what the authors design and who designs it.Originality/valueIt is in the realm of co-design that the beauty of architecture oscillates between strangeness and the ordinary. If the authors embrace the power of the collective and collaborative thinking, the authors are able to conceive new ways in the making of architecture. In order to arrive at this, however, the straightjacketed approach of modelling the master’s programme on professional work stages and outcomes needs to be challenged so that true transformation of the profession can be enabled through its pedagogical instruments.

Bibliography: leaves 251-273.
This thesis examines how urban apartheid affected Mamelodi residents, and how they responded to it, in the period 1953 to 1990. The thesis challenges the idea that township residents were victims of urban apartheid, and did nothing to improve their lives. It also challenges the idea that the African response to urban apartheid was limited to political struggles. It argues that forms of struggles went beyond social, economic and political ones, to challenge all the facets of urban apartheid. From 1953, Mamelodi residents realised the effects of apartheid laws on their lives. The thesis takes into account the influence of race, class and age in the evolution of the struggles against urban apartheid, which was implemented by bureaucratic administrative structures created by the National Party government. The notion of African Nationalism influenced Mamelodi residents in their political struggles. They saw themselves as Africans who had a birthright to rule themselves in South Africa. The thesis shows how the existence of different classes as social categories in the township contributed to various forms of struggle. These included daily struggles such as illicit beer brewing, hawking and taxi pirating. They were complemented by more organised political struggles initiated by the black middle class in the earlier years. The thesis argues that African responses in Mamelodi township made it difficult for the government to control the lives of urban blacks. It began to concentrate on curbing resistance rather than insisting on the implementation of its urban policies. This defiance on the part of the residents led to government policy losing direction. The government became defensive as it concentrated its energies and resources on curbing resistance. In the mid 1980s, the thesis argues, the government lost control of the township due to co-ordinated campaigns, which it failed to curb. When the government unbanned political organisations and released political prisoners in 1990, it was acceding to demands that township residents had made for many years.

Municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) comprise of waste generation, segregation at the point of generation, collection, transportation and disposal at the landfill. The municipalities in South Africa were mandated by the constitution of the country to provide a number of basic services including solid waste management to their citizens. A rapid increase in municipal waste volumes is a problem in urban areas resulting in mushrooming illegal dumps. The aims of this study were to evaluate the municipal solid waste management system implemented by City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Mamelodi East, identify the challenges within the system and explain the practice of illegal dumping by residents of Mamelodi East. This was achieved through a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted using qualitative data collection methods. The data was collected through interviews with key informants (two municipal officials and one waste removal contractor) and the waste removal process was observed and photographed. The illegal dumps were mapped and photographed and those of high public health concern were identified. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to the residents living closest to identified dump sites. The analysis revealed that the system implemented by City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality included regular door to door and communal collection of waste from the residents, transportation of collected waste to Hetherley landfill and disposal. About 21 illegal dumps were identified, mapped and photographed, and nine of them were considered to pose health risk to the residents, especially those living closest to them. It was discovered that these residents were not happy with the illegal dump next to their yards and recommend that the sites be used for beneficial purpose. Shortcomings included a lack of an updated waste management plan; lack of waste minimization strategy including the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle); and lack of public awareness and involvement in waste management issues. No measures are implemented for prevention of illegal dumping and the only control measure was to clean the dump sites periodically. There is a lack of law enforcement and systems overload. The researcher concluded that the MSWMS implemented in the community of Mamelodi East was inadequate. It is recommended that the community should be involved at the planning phase and all mentioned shortcomings be addressed. The waste management legislation including policies and by-laws, need to be enforced.
Dissertation (MPH)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
MPH
Unrestricted

The historical record of humankind has been punctuated by epochs of great calamity and catastrophes. These have been through natural disasters or man-made causes, and these occurrences have in most cases led to innovations and discoveries to thwart the impending consequences. The most devastating has been the prevalence of diseases, which have decimated communities. In Europe, such scourges like bubonic plague, tuberculosis and many others led to communities adopting myriad survival strategies in response to these threats. This cyclical trend is currently being experienced around the globe and more especially in the developing countries, vis-à-vis the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The impact of HIV/AIDS on communities is leading to fundamental changes in the socio-economic fabric, and consequently to diverse livelihood strategies being adopted by both the victims and their dependants. The social effects of the loss of a breadwinner or head of the household result in an increase of orphans, child-headed households and dependants. The resultant livelihood strategies adopted from this scenario stretch from legal to illegal activities, and the latter being more pronounced in an urban context. The epidemic has also had other social implications in terms of the service delivery capacity of governments and other developmental role-players in alleviating the poverty exacerbated by this disease. The non-availability of a vaccine, skewed national health policies and the high price levels of existing short-term medications further worsen the problem of at least making the affected population become economically active and expand their livelihoods. HIV/AIDS cuts across the socio-economic status divide of any community and thus cannot only be associated or ascribed to the poor segment of a given population. The livelihood strategies of the affluent differ widely from the low-income group –more especially given the fact that the former have fiscal livelihood portfolios in place for risk aversion. For the poor segment of the community, the livelihood strategies continuum would entail basic activities to entitlements provided by the state in its social policy framework. This study will explore the livelihood strategy dynamics of an urban context; with a special emphasis on the HIV/AIDS support groups and community-based organizations in Mamelodi Township.
Mr. H. Mushonga

A research report submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Urban Design for the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2020
South Africa’s urban landscape has been systematically structured since the dawn of colonialism with apartheid reinforcing policies that inherently rendered township spaces as mere dormitories for the use and/or disposal thereafter of black people. One cannot speak of an urban context devoid of the rural areas, especially the apartheid created ‘Bantustans’ homelands. While on the one hand Bantustans (which were structured along ethnic lines) were created as administrative rural areas for blacks, they were ultimately down trodden barren areas which housed the old, senile and those too young to enter the economic system. The conditions of Bantustans were such that eventually one was forced to leave the area to seek economic opportunities in white areas. As such townships were created as areas that would temporarily house the black labour force, i.e. those that were seeking employment in urban (white) areas and those already employed. Urban (white) areas were fully functional areas which were developed and fully integrated into the wider global economy. These areas functioned the same way as other urban areas, except for the fact that they were devoid of black people who were treated as immigrant labourers. While cities worldwide have a clear symbiotic distinction between rural and urban areas, South African cities are classified between bantustans, white farms, townships and functional urban areas. The spatial pattern of which is a deliberate restructuring of spaces engineered across racial lines for the purposes of providing cheap and temporary labour (townships), and areas were once that labour has reach its lifespan it can be disposed of (Bantustans). The spatial pattern in urban areas was such that townships were on the outskirts of urban areas (a radius from 10km to 60km outside the city- not too far and not too close). In an effort to reinforce segregation, townships were created in such a way that they have industrial and/or natural buffers. The main mode of transit between the township and the white areas was rail. The spatial design of the township had one road entrance and exit, housing was temporarily designed following temporal theories of housing. The houses represented “highly controlled bedroom communities” (Findley et al, 2011: no page number). Furthermore, the areas were designed as sterile spaces deprived of services and spaces not conducive to the development of a human’s psyche (See figure of Mamelodi Plan). There were no cultural or social spaces. In spite of this, informality (transport, economy, housing, arts and culture) soon thrived, and they became spaces of responsive urbanism. These areas came to symbolize survival, creativity, struggle, and meaning. Many political, cultural leaders were born in townships. Even today, these areas still hold sentimentality for many people even though they remain on the outskirts of functional urban areas. During apartheid economic activity in townships was not only limited but also restricted in terms of the activities that could take place there. Furthermore, townships were designed as spaces where only consumption could occur, and thus rendered the economic activity there economically unproductive. To a large extent townships are still viewed as spaces which are synonymous with informality, and to a large extent that holds true still. Townships however have also evolved as with the turn into democracy. They have grown, some have formalized and governance has been restructured. Transformation programmes that have been undertaken in townships, most specifically in Mamelodi have been undertaken with little co-ordination and integration between private and public actors. This lack of coordinated effort often results in very low socio-economic impact. In 2014, the Gauteng Department of Economic Development developed a strategy called “Gauteng Township Economy Revitalisation Strategy 2014-2019” the aim of which was to initiate conversation around ways in which existing township economies can be‘ modernized’, ‘formalized’ and‘ re- industrialized’ (Gauteng Department of Economic Development, 2014). The strategy was a response to national government’s calls for unemployment and poverty alleviation. Gauteng’s strategy was specifically a response to the National Development Plan (NDP), which called for job creation. The research report is thus premised on this strategy document, to visualize a transformed township
CK2021

M. Comm.
Entrepreneurship has a significant economic contribution in terms of employment, job creation and wealth creation that can be attributed to entrepreneurial enterprises (Bell, Callaghan, Demick & Scharf 2004:1). Entrepreneurial activity in any economy often takes place in the small- micro- and medium enterprise (SMME) business sector (Rwigema & Venter 2004:315). However, in the establishment of SMMEs, entrepreneurs encounter or perceive barriers that hinder the establishment, sustenance and growth of these important vehicles that are vital to the development of both society and the economy (Kunene 2008). The focus of this research study is therefore to identify barriers and perceived barriers to entrepreneurship. The study is exploratory and specifically attempts to identify and understand the barriers perceived and experienced by entrepreneurs in the township of Mamelodi in establishing, sustaining and growing enterprises.

M.A.
Crime hits the poor hardest since they are least able to cope with its consequences. In South Africa violent crime especially is increasing and in communities like Mamelodi, citizens are responding by taking the law into their own hands. Vigilantism proliferates necessitating police action and further straining a historically difficult community-police relationship which Community Police Forums (CPFs) aim to transform. This study looks at how residents of Stanza Bopape, an informal settlement in Mamelodi, organise themselves against crime. It considers the implications of this organisation for the CPF, a cornerstone of the Community Policing Model now enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, and examines ways in which the CPF can retain support and enhance its credibility within the community. The opportunity is provided for many different voices in the community to be heard so that diverse groups can participate in the ongoing quest for an effective strategy against crime.

In South Africa, where a large portion of the population lives in townships, more often than not, the therapist and client do not share a similar cultural context. Cultural knowledge is therefore pertinent to generating a complex and thorough interpretation of any psychological assessments. This study aims to explore possible cultural narratives evoked in the responses to the Thematic Apperception Test so that cross-cultural use of the test would be more effective in the Mamelodi township. The research is done from a narrative point of view, where lived experience is understood by organising it into structured narratives or stories that repeat throughout a person’s life. The pictures of the TAT were viewed as a context that could elicit such life narratives from respondents. TAT stories from five adolescent residents in Mamelodi were thematically analysed as a method of identifying common stories that could reflect the cultural narratives that young persons in Mamelodi draw from to make sense of their world. The results indicated common narratives concerning the following: the experience of violence and danger, the experience of close relationships, dealing with challenges, and the role that clothes play. These findings, and possible findings from similar future research, might aid psychologists towards a better understanding of the TAT in the township context. Copyright
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Psychology
unrestricted

M.Comm.
The study aims to give a better understanding of the relationship between service delivery and local economic development through the examination of local economic development theories and by evaluating their historical development and evolution in the world, Africa and South Africa. The study also determines, through assessment of available information, whether or not some of the areas in Mamelodi are receiving services from the municipality or local government to sustain local economic development. The theories underpinning LED were examined in this study, and all indicate that there exists a strong relationship between LED and service delivery. From the early stages of LED, areas with inadequate service delivery failed to attract businesses that are instrumental to LED. Central place theory maintains different growth prospects of central and peripheral regions. Attraction theory indicates that communities initiate policies and strategies that will make their areas more attractive. There is a need for the adequate provision of infrastructure to sustain LED, as indicated by the growth and regional theory. Economic base theory maintains that the success of the local economy is determined by the demand of its produced goods, services and products by areas outside its local economic boundaries. Location theory emphasises the importance of minimum cost due to the state of the industrial site in the local area. LED has been developed in different countries to address various economic problems. After the great depression, there was a high rate of unemployment and LED was used as an instrument to create jobs for the local communities in some countries. The study indicates that in some countries like Latin America where LED was implemented, economic problems such as unemployment in the municipal level were addressed. South Africa also had the objective of addressing unemployment in the municipal areas when LED was introduced. However, municipalities have to draft the integrated development plans to indicate how they can tackle such problems. Mamelodi has a number of projects implemented as a way of promoting LED. Jobs were created and areas improved economically. The CTMM has also provided some funding to ensure that the infrastructure in Mamelodi is adequate to support LED. However, much still needs to be done as the area has a number of challenges in terms of housing, water supply, and other related infrastructure for LED. Service delivery has an important role to play in the sustainability of LED. The history of LED has shown that countries that did not provide services in their municipalities failed to succeed in LED as compared to those with adequate service delivery. Financial incentives are other factors that play a major role in the sustainability of LED. Businesses need to be supported financially to create jobs and retain existing jobs.

Working in a township is a challenging but also rewarding way of living. In this dissertation the researcher, in collaboration with the co-searchers, explore ways to mentor one another as they learn how to deal with trauma, either by experiencing trauma directly or witnessing secondary trauma. This leads to new ways of being 'in the moment', coping with trauma, forming a community of care and learning to be in an aware and empowered position. The responsibility of practical theology and the commitment to pastoral care are explored in the context of theology, and spesifically feminist theology, contributing to 'do hope' in Mamelodi.
Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology
M.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)