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Nettles, Isolde Betty. "Mamluk cavalry practices: Evolution and influence." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289748.
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Mamluk equestrian expertise in Egypt and Syria from mid-thirteenth to early sixteenth century reflects skills derived from a variety of sources incorporated artfully into their military institution, and which exerted influence beyond the period and the region with which it is directly concerned. With a thorough examination of its various vocations including Furusiyah and equestrian-related activities, a reconstruction of the Mamluk military society leads to the inescapable conclusion that the mounted military sector was absolutely essential to the operation and defense of the State. Maintaining a top-notch cavalry fluctuated at different periods in Mamluk history but seems to have been especially crucial in the first twenty years in the wars against the Crusaders and Mongols. The Mamluk's armies are credited with having cleared the remnants of the Crusaders out of the Levant region, checked the westward advance of the fearsome Mongol hordes into Syria and Palestine, and carved out an empire that extended northwards as far as eastern Turkey. How and where the Mamluks acquired the tactical and riding expertise to accomplish these feats is examined in this dissertation along with the legacy they passed on to later Egyptian and French horsemen. Classical equitation's origins trace to a period of progressive development in horsemanship's history stimulated by Mamluk preoccupation with furusiyah as well as the French Knights' chivalric tournament and battle honor code. Mamluk horsemanship literature left in manuscript form contains systematized military games and tactics patterned after the ancient Greco-Roman world's military, joined with Mamluk cavalry training experience. The main corpus of surviving horsemanship treatises from the Mamluk period awaits translation and/or remains unpublished.
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Jakeman, Jane. "Abstract art and communication in 'Mamluk' architecture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83f44ba8-2ba6-4ff1-8732-9e78d65ad5c5.
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Fourteenth-century Cairo saw a movement towards abstract, geometric art. This movement reflected contemporary intellectual interests and represents the culmination of the ascendancy of Islamic philosophy over the humanist vocabulary of art. The thesis seeks explanations for the positive, i.e. for the forms which art actually took, rather than concentrating on prohibitive mechanisms. In architecture, the disappearance of stucco vegetal decoration may have been partly due to the effects of an outbreak of plague, but the main influences on contemporary art and architecture came from the esoteric habits of thought induced by sufism, alchemy and hermeticism, and from the dualist concerns of Islamic philosophy. The thesis discusses the continuity between sufism and Shī'ism, the history of sufism in Cairo as it affected art and architecture, concepts of the microcosm and the macrocosm, and theories of colour, substance and gilding. The thesis examines talismans and other esoteric material. It discusses architectural incorporata, presents a catalogue of Pharaonic material re-used in Islamic architecture, and argues that blocks bearing Pharaonic hieroglyphs represented Hermetic lore and, at entrances to buildings, paralleled the use of Pharaonic references at the beginning of esoteric manuscripts. The detailed discussion of architecture takes the form of an examination of a religious building, scrutinising the underlying principles of decoration and then moving on to specific elements such as the entrance and the mihrab. The thesis discusses, and dissents from, iconographic interpretations of architectural imagery. It attempts to evolve a terminology for discussion and concludes that 'mamluk' is inappropriate as a cultural term, since the influence of the individual patron on art and architecture was less innovative than the intellectual background of the period, and the dissociation of the patron from contemporary society has been over-estimated. It comes to the conclusion that 'an art of the bāṭin' would more effectively express the major influence on the art and architecture of fourteenthcentury Cairo.
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Gallin, Pauli. "Mamluk Art Objects in Their Architectural Context." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107566.
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Thesis advisor: Sheila S. BlairThe field of Mamluk art and architectural history is well developed but there has been a tendency to discuss objects apart from their architectural contexts. My research seeks to explore the relationship between Mamluk objects, furnishings, and fittings attached to particular foundations in Cairo, The aim of this study is to examine the dialogue between design elements in different media and explore their aesthetic and functional relationship to their surroundings. This will give insight into how designs are transferred across media, and how architecture acted as a meeting place for a variety of artistic disciplines. The study will also investigate the merits and limitations of such an approach, and the effects the removal of Mamluk objects from their context has on our perception of them
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Middle Eastern Studies
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Yūnīnī, Mūsá ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Baʻlabakkī al Guo Li. "Early Mamluk Syrian historiography : Al-Yūnīnī's Dhayl Mir'āt al-zamān /." Leiden ; Boston ; Köln : Brill, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37620706s.
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Cipriani, Barbara. "Development of construction techniques in the Mamluk domes of Cairo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33745.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-117).
This dissertation reconstructs the building features, the construction methods and the esthetic and structural changes of the Mamluk Mausolea in Cairo (1250-1517 A.D.); a special attention is dedicated to the domes that cover all the Mausolea and that represent an example of high expertise in Mediaeval architecture. This works document several stages of their construction from the Mausoleum of As- Sawabi, 1285 A.D. to the Funerary Complex of Amir Qurqumas, 1506 A.D. through bibliographic sources, photographic material and restoration reports collected in several libraries and archives where information on the topic is stored. Moreover, three Mausolea belonging to the period of construction in stone: Umm Sultan Sha'ban (1369 A.D.), Farag Ibn Barquq (1389-1411 A.D.) and Amir Khayer Bek (1502 A.D.) are fully documented with survey on site, technical drawing and structural analysis.
(cont.) Through a detailed analysis of the Mausolea, this work aims to answer to wider questions, such as the role of the patronage in the changes of the architectural features, the differences and the similarities in the construction methods and in the structural behavior between complexes belonging to distinct moment of Mamluk History and the transmission of knowledge in the construction world of Mamluk Cairo.
by Barbara Cipriani.
S.M.
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El-Akkad, Tarek A. "The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117147.
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The Mamluk period was the most exuberant in Egypt. It lasted from 1250 to 1517, a short period of only 267 years but highly dynamic in art and architecture. No historian has given a documented and defendable reason for this rise yet many spoke of the origins of the Mamluks in Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and the Caucus. Their excellence in design was directly related to the diversity of their population in Egypt and Syria but more specifically in Cairo. A new aesthetic developed in their art and architecture and became uniquely Mamluk. It was a culmination of design influences coming from as far away as Persepolis in the East and al-Andalus in the West. Good trade relations with Catalonia played an important role in the transmission of design ideas and the prosperity of the Mamluks. The doctorate thesis is a study of the sources of Islamic design in several regions and their development. It analyzes examples from the pre-Islamic, Islamic and post-Islamic periods to show how design shared inspirational sources. It traces the aesthetics of Islamic architecture, using twentieth century Spain as a case study, to show how this affected the development of modern and contemporary architecture.El període Mameluc era el més exuberant a Egipte. Va durar des·de 1250-1517, un curt període de només 267 anys, però molt dinàmic en l'art i l'arquitectura. Cap historiador ha donat una raó documentada i defensable per aquest augment però molts van parlar dels orígens dels mamelucs a Europa de l'Est, Anatòlia i el Caucus. La seva excel·lència en el disseny estava directament relacionada amb la diversitat de la seva població a Egipte i Síria, però més específicament al Caire. Una nova estètica desenvolupada en el seu art i arquitectura, i va esdevenir únic mameluc. Va ser la culminació d'influències de disseny procedents de llocs tan llunyans com Persépolis a l'est i al-Andalus a l'Oest. Les bones relacions comercials amb Catalunya van exercir un paper important en la transmissió de les idees del disseny i la prosperitat dels mamelucs. La tesi doctoral és un estudi de les fonts de disseny islàmic en diverses regions i el seu desenvolupament. S'analitzen exemples dels períodes pre-islàmic, islàmic i post-islàmic per mostrar com el disseny comparteix fonts d'inspiració. Traça l'estètica de l'arquitectura islàmica, amb l'Espanya del segle XX com un estudi de cas, per mostrar com va afectar al desenvolupament de l'arquitectura moderna i contemporània.
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Saidi, A. "Marriage and divorce in urban Mamluk society in the fifteenth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499474.
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Rabbat, Nasser Omar. "The citadel of Cairo : a new interpretation of royal Mamluk architecture /." Leiden ; New York ; Köln : E.J. Brill, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37474872h.
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Sayed, Hazem I. "The Rab' in Cairo : a window on Mamluk architecture and urbanism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75720.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.Includes bibliographical references (p. 463-476).
This dissertation is a reassessment of Mamluk architecture and urbanism in Cairo, based on a detailed study of one of the more important elements in its urban fabric, the rab' or apartment building. This building type is investigated via its extant examples and the extensive archival collection from the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. The salient features of the rab' are identified, and its variations noted. The relation of the rab' to private dwellings is elucidated, and the changes that occurred in the residential architecture of Cairo from the early Fatimid through the Mamluk periods are presented. Its role in the urban fabric and in the patterns of pious endowments is analyzed through reconstructions based on waqf document. New information about Mamluk architecture and urbanism brought to light by the study of the rab' is used to reassess some of the more widely accepted characterizations of the Mamluk period.
by Hazem I. Sayed.
Ph.D.
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Ohta, Alison. "Covering the book : bindings of the Mamluk period, 1250-1516 CE." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16626/.
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The study of Mamluk bindings has long stimulated the interest of scholars in the field. The bindings were recognised not only for their beauty but also for their innovative techniques of decoration. Previous studies, however, have generally focused on individual bindings or loose covers without placing them within the broader contexts of understanding the developments that took place in terms of their ornament and decoration or recognising their relationship with other media and the contemporary binding traditions of Persia or Ottoman Turkey. The purpose of this study is to trace the development of bookbinding techniques and decoration throughout the Mamluk period 650-922/1250-1516. It examines bindings that can be dateable by the colophon of the manuscripts, waqf inscriptions or dedications to a patron's library they contain. This study draws extensively on material in the Topkapi Palace Library and the Dar al-Kutub in Cairo, much of which has not been published before. From this a picture emerges of a vibrant and dynamic binding tradition that drew on a variety of sources for its inspiration. The bindings of the 14th and early 15th century are decorated with geometrical patterns of measured complexity, which continue to be developed until the end of the Mamluk period and are reflected in architectural decoration and other media. In the late 15th century, changes in both ornament and technique begin to occur which are incorporated into the Mamluk binders' repertoire reflecting developments that are noted on Persian bindings of the early 15th century. These are incorporated into the repertoire, producing bindings of outstanding workmanship and beauty. It was these designs along with pasteboard covers and gold tooling that the Italian binders of the Renaissance adopted and adapted, producing smaller and lighter books in leather bindings with gold-tooled decoration. Chapter 1 begins with an introduction followed by Chapter 2 that considers the literature on the subject. Chapter 3 examines the origins and developments in formats and structures of the 'Islamic book' between the 9th and 13th centuries setting the scene for Chapter 4 that discusses the ornament and techniques found on bindings during the Mamluk period. Chapter 5 relates bookbinding ornament to that found in other media and charts the changes and developments that occur. Chapter 6 explores the relationship between Mamluk bindings and other contemporary binding traditions. Chapter 7 concludes by drawing together the strands of the arguments that have hopefully provided a clear picture of the important developments that took place from the 14th to the 16th centuries of an important binding tradition.
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Massoud, Sami G. "An analysis of the annalistic sources of the early Mamluk Circassian period /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85937.
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The Mamluk Sultanate that dominated Egypt and Syria over slightly more than two centuries and a half (647-922/1250-1517), witnessed the development of a prodigious historiographical production. While the historiography of the Turkish Mamluk period (647-792/1250-1382) has been the object of thorough analyses to determine the patterns of interrelations amongst its authors and the respective value of its most important sources, that of the Early Circassian Mamluk period (roughly, the last quarter of the fourteenth/eighth and the first years of the fifteenth/ninth centuries) has not as of yet received proper attention. In this dissertation, this historiographical production has been surveyed and subjected to an analysis, the methodology of which was pioneered by Donald P. Little, one that consists of close word-by-word comparison of individual accounts in the works of Syrian and Egyptian authors who wrote about this period. The focus here was on specifically non-biographical historical material contained in mostly annalistic works. Amongst the results obtained during this research was the ultimate reliance, at different degrees and depths, of all historians on the works of five authors, namely Ibn Duqmaq (d. 809/1407), Ibn al-Furat (d. 807/1405), Ibn Hijji (d. 816/1413), al-Maqrizi (d. 845/1441) and al-'Ayni (d. 855/1451), but especially the first three.
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Onori, Maurizia. "Neo-Mamluk and Neo-Norman funerary architecture in Palermo, 19th-20th century." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30295/.
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Alhamzeh, Khaled Ahmad. "Late Mamluk patronage : Qansuh al-Ghuri's waqf and his foundations in Cairo /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487844485896566.
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Atanasiu, Vlad. "Le phénomène calligraphique à l'époque du sultanat mamluk : Moyen-Orient, XIIIe-XVIe siècle." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4027.
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L'étude offre un cadre global à la calligraphie : graphique, social, fonctionnel et applicatif. Des caractéristiques spatiales et qualitatives sont définies en termes utiles à l'informatisation. Allographes contextuels et microvariations servent une méthode de restauration de l'écriture. Les particularités graphiques définissent les identités des individus et des groupes utilisant la calligraphie comme medium de compétition sociale. Le rôle de la calligraphie dans le système mamluk et l'importance des compétences linguistiques des soldats sont discutés. La situation dans le sultanat mamluk est comparée à celle de Perse et de l'empire ottoman. Les XIIIe-XVIe siècles sont une période de transition qualitative et d'émergence du calligraphe moderne. L'ancrage social est rendu possible par une culture graphique : un réseau de récits, de pratiques et de relations sociales. Offrant des modèles de belles formes, la calligraphie simule la réalité et entraîne la décision basée sur l'estimation visuelleThe study offers a global framework for calligraphy: graphical, historical, functional and applicative. Spatial and qualitative characteristics are defined in terms useful in computer programs. Contextual allographs and microvariations are the basis of a method for reconstructing script. Graphic peculiarities define identities of individuals and groups, who use calligraphy as a medium for social competition. The role of calligraphy in the Mamluk system and the importance of linguistic competences of soldiers are discussed. The situation in the sultanate is compared to those of Persia and the Ottoman Empire. The 13th - 16th centuries are a transition period at a qualitative level and by the emergence of the modern calligrapher. The social anchoring of calligraphy is made possible by a graphic culture: a web of narrative, practice and social relations. By setting models for beautiful shapes, calligraphy acted as a simulation of reality and a training object for human decision based on visual estimation
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Gabr, Aly Hatem. "The influence of traditional Muslim beliefs on medieval religious architecture : of the Bahri Mamluk period." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534491.
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Mamlük medieval religious architecture was designed and built through a process which involved a deep knowledge of Sufism, the inner dimension of Islam. Through the symbolism implicit in this process, the external, limited, and sensible forms of these buildings carried within themselves inner transcendental qualities. This thesis adopts the traditionalist approach which has its foundation in objective truth based on Islamic metaphysical interpretations. This approach is applied to reach the symbolism of medieval religious buildings, focusing specifically on the Bahri Mamlük period in Cairo as a case study. The need for such a study is twofold: firstly, to know the truth about the intent and design process of the medieval Mamlük tradition; and secondly, to see if it is possible to formulate new guidelines for contemporary architects to use in today's mosque designs. Medieval historical sources emphasize that the Mamlük society had its roots in Sufi thought. Sultäns, emirs, scientists, intellectuals, the common people, and even some of the `ulama', respected and participated in Sufi rites. The hypothesis behind this study is that the Sufi thought which pervaded Mamluk society at large must have influenced the craftsmen who produced artifacts, particularly the sacred ones. A purely historical approach is used to introduce the buildings of the case study. This immediately raises several queries that have either been answered inadequately, or remain unanswered within a stylistic and historical approach; this shows the limitations of its scope of interpretation. By adopting the traditionalist approach it is possible to re-create the traditional Mamlük context applying both exoteric and esoteric dimensions of interpretation to these buildings. The context consists of both the setting and the design and building processes involved in creating a traditional product, as well as the traditional view of the relationship between the Süfi masters, the Süfi craftsmen, and the general craftsmen who were not necessarily Sufis. It is here that the relation between the symbol and the act of "creation" of traditional forms is revealed from a SO point of view to imitate the process of Divine Creation. This line of argument is adopted and applied to the different notions of architectural form which are in turn analyzed from a traditional viewpoint. Subsequently, specific architectural analyses reveal several layers of understanding in the symbolism of traditional religious buildings: the level of the elements, the level of the relationships which incorporates several elements visually and results in a second layer of symbolism, the temporal level through the sequence of spaces of a building which gives yet a further dimension to this wholistic system of symbolism. Bafiri Mamlük cases are analyzed at these three levels, and the results confirm the value of the methodology adopted in this thesis. The findings bring about a more vivid picture of how and why a traditional member of the society designed and used these buildings down to their constituents. It is at this level where architect, craftsman, and user are unified in their relations to the traditional artefact that the symbol of unity is found to be operative. The thesis ends in a general review of how a traditional prototype would have been created in the Bafiri Mamlük period. The benefits of adopting the traditionalist approach in order to re-create a lost tradition are then discussed. This is followed by a review of the basic differences between the modern and traditional processes, which sheds light on the extent of our contemporary displacement from our traditional past. The question of the relevance of this study to the contemporary situation is raised. It is here that it becomes evident that there can be no return to traditional principles while living in a modernistic society governed by modern values. The suggestion that is set forth is that there must neither be a faked tradition nor a faked modernity. If the contemporary architect is to make use of such traditional findings and symbolisms, he must first adapt his method of form-creation by learning from the principles of the traditional process so as to be able to reuse them to fit the society's contemporary needs and using the means of today.
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Smith, Sharon C. "Planned grandeur a commensurate study of urban expansion in early modern Italy and Mamluk Egypt /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Walker, Bethany J. "The ceramic correlates of decline in the Mamluk Sultanate, an analysis of late medieval sgraffito wares." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ41525.pdf.
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Majeed, Tehnyat. "The phenomenon of the Square Kufic script : the cases of Ilkhanid Isfahan and Bahri Mamluk Cairo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432190.
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Al-Wahaibi, Khalid. "The development of the Mamluk land tenure system in Egypt from 697/1297 to 882/1477." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24542.
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This study deals with the development of the land tenure system in Egypt from 697/1297 to 882/1477. It discusses in detail the land tenure system in Egypt 775/1373 during the period of al-Ashraf Shaban and in the year 882/1477 during the reign of al-Ashraf Qaytbay, as presented in Ibn al-Jian's work al-Tuhfa. It also traces the development of the whole system from 697/1297 to 882/1477, to highlight the trends of change and discusses the reasons behind such change and the results of such changes. Chapter 1 surveys the primary Arabic sources and modern scholarly studies on Mamluk economic history. Chapter 2 analyses the life and works of Ibn al-Jian whilst Chapter 3 discusses the administrative terminology used by Iban al-Jian and other sources. Chapters 4 and 5 give an analysis of the land tenure system during the reign of al-Ashraf Shaban and al-Ashraf Qaytbay. Chapter 6 considers aspects of the development of the land tenure system and the underlying reasons of change. The conclusions summarise the main trends inherent in the land tenure system during the Mamluk period.
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Muhanna, Elias Ibrahim. "Encyclopaedism in the Mamluk Period: The Composition of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī’s (D. 1333) Nihāyat al-Arab fī Funūn al-Adab." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10276.
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This dissertation explores the emergence of a golden age of Arabic encyclopaedic literature in the scholarly centers of Egypt and Syria during the Mamluk Empire (1250-1517). At the heart of the project is a study of Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī’s (d. 1333) Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (‘The Ultimate Ambition in the Branches of Erudition’), a 31-volume encyclopaedic work composed at the beginning of the 14th century and divided into five parts: (i) heaven and earth; (ii) the human being; (iii) animals; (iv) plants; and (v) the history of the world.
My study examines the formal arrangement, thematic contents, and codicological features of this seminal work, arguing that the rise of encyclopaedism in this period was emblematic of a certain intellectual ethos, a systematic approach to the classification of knowledge which emerged in the discursive context of a rapidly centralizing imperial state. I argue that the Nihāya grew out of an amalgam of several genres (including the adab anthology, the cosmographical compendium, the chancery scribe manual, the dynastic chronicle, and the commonplace book), developing into a new form and serving a different purpose from its literary predecessors. Such texts, long considered tokens of intellectual and cultural decadence, demonstrate the strategies used by Mamluk religious scholars, chancery scribes, and littérateurs to navigate an ever-growing corpus of accumulated knowledgeNear Eastern Languages and Civilizations
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Chatrath, Nick. "Tradition and innovation in the Mamluk period : the anti-bid‘a literature of Ibn al-Ḥājj (d. 737/1336) and Ibn al-Naḥḥās (d. 814/1411)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:feda45d1-c656-4d7c-aa27-9846c788c375.
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This study seeks to contribute to a growing discussion about Islamic intellectual endeavours in the Middle Periods, providing new evidence from the genre of anti-innovation tracts (anti-bid‘a tracts) that has hitherto received relatively little modern scholarly attention. Specifically, this thesis examines tradition and innovation in Islam during the Mamluk period (648/1250 – 922/1517) through the lens of two jurists and their anti-innovation tracts. Ibn al-Ḥājj (d. 737/1336) was a Mālikī from North Africa who wrote Madkhal al-shar‘ al-sharīf. Ibn al-Naḥḥās (d. 814/1411), by contrast, was a Shāfi‘ī (and former Ḥanafī) from Damascus, who wrote a tract contained within his Tanbīh al-ghāfilīn, a work concerned with the duty of commanding right and forbidding wrong, and with naming and briefly discussing various sins and innovations. Ibn al-Ḥājj’s and Ibn al-Naḥḥās’ anti-innovation tracts are studied here for the first time in their own right, together with English translations of representative passages of their work that allow the reader to gain a direct impression of them. In addition to this, this thesis makes three unique arguments. First, anti-innovation tracts should be read as prescriptive yet flexible examples of furū‘. Second, the authors of the tracts investigated here, Ibn al-Ḥājj and Ibn al-Naḥḥās, were both ‘outsiders’ to Mamluk Egypt, who used this genre to define and regulate correct Muslim practices, in less formal ways that were both new and continuous with earlier thinking. Ibn al-Ḥājj’s programme - urging fledgling scholars, in almost encyclopaedic fashion, to know about and teach against innovative practices - was more important for him than addressing the topics of intention and innovation that feature in the full title of his work. Ibn al-Naḥḥās is an interestingly obscure figure. In an abbreviated and direct style, he urged non-specialists in Mamluk lands to censure innovations, and even to prevent them. Third, Ibn al-Ḥājj and Ibn al-Naḥḥās conceived of loyalty to their legal school in ways that require us to expand the terms of modern scholarly debates about such loyalty. This study contributes to the relatively recent, and fast-growing, literature on the Mamluk period in general, and its legal literature in particular. It supports a recent perspective on the Mamluk period, by illustrating the continuity and evolution of legal thinking during this period, which is both predicated upon, and differs substantially from, earlier periods of Islamic history. and deserves study in its own right.
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Bora, Fozia. "Mamluk representations of late Fatimid Egypt : the survival of Fatimid-era historiography in Ibn al-Furāt's Tarīkh al-duwal wa 'l-mulūk (History of dynasties and kings)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534291.
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Gazagnadou, Didier. "Un cas de diffusion d'une technique administrative de Chine en occident par l'intermédiaire des empires Mongol et Mamluk : la poste d'Etat à relais de chevaux (XIIIe-XVe siècles)." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080278.
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Ce travail est une contribution aux recherches sur les diffusions de techniques de Chine en occident par l'intermediaire du Proche-orient, au moyen-age. Apres avoir examine les systemes postaux a relais de chevaux en us-age du sixieme siecle avant j. C jusqu'a leur disparition aux onzieme sie-cle apres j. C. , nous abordons l'etude de la poste d'etat a relais de che-vaux de la chine, sa diffusion en russie meridionale, en iran et en iraq par les mongols. Par l'examen des affrontements entre mamluks et mongols en Syrie et en Palestine, nous montrons que l'appareil d'etat mamluk a emprunte le systeme postal a relais de chevaux d'origine sino-mongol. Les relations pri-vilegiees etablies entre l'empire mamluk et les villes-etats d'Italie du nord au quatorzieme siecle vont permettre la diffusion de l'institution postale etatique orientale a milan, a la fin du quatorzieme siecle. Au quin-zieme siecle, le roi louis onze, imitant la poste d'etat a relais de chevaux milanaise, installera la premiere poste a relais a caractere nationale en europe. Nous concluons notre travail par des reflexions sur les relations etroites qui lient tout appareil d'etat et la poste a relais de chevaux, en orient et en occident; sur une comparaison entre les etats d'orient et d'occident; et sur quelques unes des consequences en orient et en occident de l'insti-tution d'une poste a relais de chevaux sur les plans economiques politiques et culturels
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Monchamp, Julie. "Contribution à l'étude de la céramique médiévale égyptienne. Chrono-typologie des céramiques issues des fouilles de la muraille ayyoubide du Caire (fin Xe – début XVIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040263.
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Lors des fouilles archéologiques menées le long de la muraille médiévale du Caire, entreprises par l'organisationAga Khan Cultural Services et l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale entre 2000 et 2009, une importantequantité de céramiques a été mise au jour. L'objectif de cette étude est de caractériser les productions decéramiques communes et glaçurées et d'établir une chrono-typologie de ces céramiques de l'époque fatimide (finXe siècle) au début de l'époque ottomane (début XVIe siècle), à partir des données fournies par le terrain. Dansune première partie, sont décrits les contextes archéologiques dont proviennent les céramiques, puis, sontdéfinis les différents types de pâtes. Il a semblé nécessaire de présenter également une sélection d'assemblagespour chaque période, bien calés chronologiquement grâce à l'analyse stratigraphique du terrain. La partessentielle de ce travail constitue la seconde partie, présentée sous la forme d'un catalogue morphologique de lacéramique commune et des productions de céramiques glaçurées locales et importées. Cette classification estorganisée de manière chronologique et complétée d'éventuelles comparaisons avec d'autres sites. La troisièmepartie est consacrée à l'évolution chronologique et à la proportion de chaque forme et et de chaque productionglaçurée ainsi qu'aux caractéristiques générales de la céramique pour chaque époque (fatimide, ayyoubide etmamelouke). Un développement plus particulier concerne certaines productions, locales ou importées, qui lesrelie, lorsque cela était possible, à un contexte historique, sociologique ou économiqueDuring the archaeological excavations along the medieval walls of Cairo, undertaken by Aga Khan CulturalServices and the French Institut of Oriental Archeology in Cairo between 2000 and 2009, a large amount ofpottery has been discovered. The purpose of this study is to characterize the production of the coarse and glazedpottery, and to establish a chrono-typolology of these ceramics from the Fatimid period (late tenth century) to thebeginning of the Ottoman period (early sixteenth century), with the data provided by the site. In the first part, thearcheological contexts of the ceramics are described then, the different types of paste are defined. It seemednecessary too to present a selection of layers for each period dated thanks to the stratigraphic analysis of thesite. The essential part of this work is the second part, presented as a morphological catalogue of commonceramics and the production of local and imported glazed ceramics. This classification is organizedchronologically and supplemented with possible comparisons on other sites. The third part is devoted to thechronological development and the proportion of each shape and each production of glazed ware as well as tothe general characteristics of ceramics for each period (Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk). A more specific part dealswith certain productions, local or imported, which connects them, when possible, to as historical, sociological oreconomic context
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Gaber, Ahmed Ali Ahmed [Verfasser], and W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nägeli. "The Methodology of Geometric Order in the Design of Traditional Islamic Buildings - A Case Study of Madrasas in the Mamluk Eras in Egypt / Ahmed Ali Ahmed Gaber. Betreuer: W. Nägeli." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014279623/34.
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Tavernari, Cinzia. "Caravansérails et réseaux routiers du Bilād al-Šām (fin XIIe siècle - début XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040288.
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Entre le XIIe et XVIe siècle, sous les dynasties ayyoubide puis mamelouke, les routes du Bilād al-Šām étaient jalonnées de gîtes d’étapes pouvant fournir un abri aux voyageurs de toute sorte. Cette thèse se propose d’approfondir la connaissance de ces édifices en suivant deux axes de recherche principaux. Le premier objectif consiste dans l’étude de tous les aspects relatifs aux caravansérails en tant qu’édifices : leurs fonctions,leurs équipements et, surtout, leur architecture et les techniques constructives qui les caractérisent. Il s’agit ensuite de proposer une reconstitution du réseau routier syrien qui prenne en compte également la distribution de ces édifices le long des routes. En partant de l’établissement d’un nouvel inventaire des gîtes d’étapes et d’une tentative de redéfinition de la notion de caravansérail routier, la recherche se développe progressivement à travers un double angle d’approche historique et archéologique. Ce dernier aspect se traduit par la mise en place d’une chronotypologie des techniques constructives et par l’étude stratigraphique approfondie d’un des caravansérails routiers encore conservés, afin d’identifier ses différentes phases d’évolution. Le travail de recherche est enfin complété par un catalogue présentant en détail les différents sites identifiésBetween the XII and XVI century, under the Ayyubid and Mamluk dynasties, the roads of Bilād al-Šām weredotted by wayside caravanserais that provided shelter to all kind of travellers. The purpose of this thesis is toimprove these edifices’ knowledge focusing on two main axis of research. The first aim of the work is toinvestigate all the aspects dealing with the caravanserai as a building, from its function and facilities to itsarchitecture and building techniques. Secondly, the objective is to propose a reconstruction of the Syrian roadnetwork which could also be supported by the spatial distribution of road caravanserais. Starting from thecreation of a new list of sites, also based on the development of a new definition of wayside caravanserai, theresearch work develops following a double point of view, both historical and archaeological. This latter aspectmaterialises through the establishment of a chronotypology of the building techniques, and through the detailedstratigraphic analysis of one of the preserved sites, in order to identify its different evolution phases. The studyis finally completed by a catalogue which presents in detail all the different road caravanserais we couldidentify
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Al-Azem, Talal. "Precedent, commentary, and legal rules in the Madhhab-Law tradition : Ibn Quṭlūbughā's (d. 879/1474) al-Taṣḥīḥ wa-al-tarjīḥ." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:79f46ee8-df8c-42e3-8757-298d4029b090.
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This thesis examines the role that scholarly digests and commentaries played in the formation of legal rules in the Muslim legal institution known as the madhhab. I posit that a shared approach to legal rule-determination, and the respect of juristic precedent that it entails, underlies the jurisprudential processes of all of the four post-classical Sunni madhhabs (the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfi'ī, and Ḥanbalī), and unites them in a wider ‘madhhab-law tradition’. Taking the Ḥanafī madhhab as a case study, the thesis analyses a commentary written by the late Mamluk jurist Ibn Quṭlūbughā (d. 879/1474) upon the digest of the celebrated Abbasid-era Abū al-Ḥusayn al-Qudūrī (d. 428/1037). In discussing the madhhab's heritage of precedent, Ibn Quṭlūbughā's commentary weaves an intricate tapestry of quotations and references from previous jurists and works, providing us with insight into how author-scholars reacted to, and interacted with, other jurists over space and time. Chapter 1 provides a short introduction to the lives of Qudūrī and Ibn Quṭlūbughā, and the contexts within which they produced their works. Chapter 2 employs both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the commentary, in order to deduce historical and geographical patterns out of which a periodisation of rule-determination in the Ḥanafī madhhab is proposed. In Chapter 3, Ibn Quṭlūbughā's jurisprudential theory of rule-determination is studied, examining both the justifications and the processes employed by jurists in arriving at a legal rule in the Ḥanafī madhhab. Chapter 4 then turns to the craft of commentary itself, analysing over eighty case examples for the logical relationships, rhetorical devices, and legal arguments that inform the actual practice of rule-determination through commentary. A final chapter then summarises the conclusions, and situates them within a broader discussion as to the nature of the madhhab-law tradition.
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Juvin, Carine. "Recherches sur la calligraphie sous les derniers Mamlouks : inscriptions monumentales et mobilières." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP049.
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La calligraphie en Égypte et en Syrie à la période mamlouke en général, et singulièrement l’aspect formel des inscriptions monumentales et mobilières, extrêmement nombreuses pour cette période, demeurent sous étudiés. En se concentrant sur la fin du sultanat mamlouk (1468-1517), qui offre un corpus important et diversifié d'inscriptions monumentales et mobilières (principalement des objets et équipements militaires en métal) de qualité calligraphique, cette recherche vise à replacer ce corpus dans le contexte de la pratique et de la théorie calligraphique de la période mamlouke circassienne. Il s'agit donc d'une étude à la fois socio-historique et philologique, autant que morphologique et stylistique, s’appuyant sur une étude des différentes sources disponibles : historiques, biographiques, manuels de chancellerie, traités de calligraphie, documents de waqf, permettant de renouveler la vision de cette tradition calligraphique mamlouke. Un premier chapitre s’intéresse au milieu des calligraphes et au cadre de la pratique et de la transmission calligraphique au 15e siècle. La question de la théorie et de la terminologie des écritures est abordée dans un second chapitre. Les deux chapitres suivants sont consacrés à une étude morphologique et stylistique générale des inscriptions, puis à un cas d’étude : le complexe du sultan Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī au Caire. Enfin, un catalogue du corpus des inscriptions sur lesquelles repose cette étude a été établi qui constitue une base de références pour l’étude de la production artistique à cette périodeCalligraphy in Egypt and Syria in the Mamluk period, generally speaking, and especially the formal aspect of the inscriptions on monuments and portable objects, quite numerous for this period, remain under-studied. Focusing on the late Mamluk period (1468-1517), which offers a large and diverse corpus of inscriptions on monuments and objects (mainly objects and military equipment made of metal), of calligraphic quality, this thesis aims at replacing this corpus in the context of calligraphic practice and theory in the Circassian Mamluk period. Thus, it is intended as both a socio-historical and philological study, and a morphological and stylistic study. It relies on the different sources available: historical and biographical sources, chancery manuals, calligraphic treatises, and waqf documents, allowing to reconsider our vision of the Mamluk calligraphic tradition. A first chapter presents the calligraphers’ milieu and the frame of the calligraphic practice and transmission around the 15th century. The issues of theoretical views and terminology of scripts is addressed in a second chapter. Then the following two chapters are dedicated to a stylistic general study of inscriptions, and to a case study: the complex of sultan Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī in Cairo. Finally, a catalogue of the corpus of inscriptions used for this study is established which provides a referential basis for the study of art production during this period
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LeFort, Alexis Anne. "Instigators in doing good| Power, piety, patriarchy, and royal women's charitable endowments in Bahri Mamluk Cairo (from the reign of Shagar al-Durr to the reign of al-Ashraf Sha'ban, 648 AH--778 AH/1250 CE--1377 CE)." Thesis, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1538349.
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This thesis examines the striking disconnect between the extensive power wielded by women in medieval Cairo and the 'official' constructions of gender relationships articulated by the 'ulama'. The formal discourses produced by legal-religious scholars encouraged men to monitor, correct, and chastise women in order to limit the chaotic and destructive potential innately present in female bodies and feminine activities. However, the larger population, including the very members of the 'ulama' who constructed these narratives of patriarchy, consistently undermined these beliefs in their daily practices. The tensions produced between patriarchal ideals and the relatively egalitarian reality of gender relationships in medieval Cairene culture were especially visible in the ruling class. While royal women actively shaped the popular image of the Mamluk sultanate and participated in extending its power throughout the city, their abilities to engage in statecraft from formal and official positions of authority were restricted by their culture's constructions of gender. However, rather than being oppressed by these limitations, Mamluk women created a unique sphere of power from which they exercised enormous influence on the epistemological framework of their society, especially through the establishment of awqāf (perpetual charitable endowments).
In the following analysis, I demonstrate how royal women utilized the locations and functions of these foundations to emphasize cultural norms that linked the female population of Cairo to the spaces of death and remembrance in the city's cemeteries. Underscoring their membership in two distinct bases of power—the ruling class and women in general—female founders utilized their awqāfto cultivate interpersonal relationships with the women of Cairo and to strengthen the Mamluks' hegemonic framework through the appropriation of female concepts of piety. By focusing their architectural and charitable patronage on the female population of the city, royal women also helped reinforce the spaces central to female expressions of piety and participation in the production of knowledge.
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Manjikian, Sevak Joseph. "Education and training under the Mamluks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/MQ43911.pdf.
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Carayon, Agnès. "La Furūsiyya des Mamlûks : Une élite sociale à cheval (1250-1517)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3027/document.
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Les Mamlûks sont réputés pour avoir porté les arts de la furūsiyya à leur plus haute expression. Cette thèse a pour objectif de cerner à la fois les enjeux de leur dextérité, et ses caractéristiques. La première partie porte sur la littérature de la furūsiyya. Après un bilan historiographique, plusieurs ouvrages de furūsiyya sont analysés et comparés, afin de mieux appréhender les héritages et les apports proprement mamlûks. Un traité anonyme de maniement de dabbūs et de lutte à cheval, contenant également une partie sur les feux de guerre, est édité et traduit. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur la suprématie militaire des Mamlûks. Leur formation très poussée y est décrite, mais la lumière a aussi été mise sur leurs chevaux : leurs races ; leur dressage ; leur nombre ; leur entretien. Un large échantillon d'armes mamlûkes est présenté. Enfin, un chapitre est consacré au problème des procédés de combat, encore très mal connus, qui tend à nuancer la vision d'archers montés que l'on a généralement des Mamlûks. Enfin, la dernière partie relève de l'histoire sociale. Elle a pour ambition de démontrer que la maîtrise de la furūsiyya était perçue par les Mamlûks comme la détention d'un art complexe, un « attribut de distinction » qui les distinguait du vulgum pecus. Ce sont alors les diverses manifestations de cette appartenance sociale qui sont analysées : les « sports » équestres, les lieux de jeu et d'entraînement militaire et les palais-écuries, enfin les institutions et les spectacles.Les annexes contiennent un tableau détaillé des manuscrits de furūsiyya et un glossaire, en plus de quelques planchesThe Mamluks are renowned for bringing the arts of furūsiyya to their highest expression. This thesis aims to identify both the issues of their dexterity, and characteristics.The first part focuses on the literature of furūsiyya. After a historiographical balance, several treatises of furūsiyya are analyzed and compared in order to better understand the legacy and contributions properly Mamluk. An anonymous treatise of handling dabbūs and fight on horseback, also containing some of the fires of war, is edited and translated.The second part of this thesis is on their military supremacy.Their extensive training is described, but the light was also put on their horses : races, training, numbers and maintenance. A wide selection of Mamluk weapons is presented. Finally, a chapter is devoted to the problem of combat methods, very little known, which tends to moderate vision of mounted archers that is generally widespread.The last part focus on social history. It aims to demonstrate that furūsiyya mastery was seen by the Mamluks as the knowledge of a complex art, an "attribute of distinction", which distinguished them from the hoi polloi. Then, the various manifestations of belonging to this social class are analyzed: "sports" riding, gambling venues and military training, and palace-stables, and finally the institutions and the shows.The appendices contain a detailed table of manuscripts of furūsiyya, a glossary and a few plates
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Rosbeiani, Pherset Zuber Mohammed. "Das Unternehmen „Mammut“." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16540.
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In der Geheimdienstoperation Unternehmen „Mammut“ und seiner Vorgeschichte spiegeln sich unterschiedliche Fragen und Probleme zur Geschichte Südkurdistans von 1918 bis in die Zeit des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Die Benennung „Mammut“ erinnert hierbei an den berühmten Kurdenführer Scheich Mahmud.In den britischen Akten sollte sich die völlige Bestätigung dieser Vermutung finden. Der Beginn dieser Geheimdienstoperation der deutschen Abwehr fällt in den Spätherbst 1942. Damals erschien eine Zangenbewegung zwischen dem Kaukasus und Nordafrika zu den Ölfeldern Mesopotamiens möglich. Zu ihrer Unterstützung sollte ein antibritischer Aufstand der südkurdischen Bevölkerung stattfinden. Ausgelöst werden sollte er durch einen deutschen Agententrupp, dem auch ein bis zwei einheimische Kurden aus der Region angehören sollten. Die Planungen verzögerten sich jedoch um einige Monate. Dadurch konnte es der Abwehr angesichts der strategischen Lage Mitte 1943 aber nur noch um eine Aktion zur Destabilisierung der britischen Machtposition durch kurdische Partisanen gehen. Weiterführende Ziele waren zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht mehr erreichbar. Zum Anführer dieser Aktion wurde der Leutnant Gottfried Johannes Müller bestimmt, der in den 30er Jahren schon einmal privat in dieser Region gewesen war. Mitte April 1943 wurde dann auch der Kurde Ramzi Nafi Rashid Agha von der Abwehr zur Mitarbeit am Unternehmen „Mammut“ überredet. Die Operation startete endlich nach weiteren Verzögerungen am 15. Juni 1943. Doch bereits am 28. Juni, genau elf Tage danach wurden die Deutschen entdeckt und verhaftet. Ramzi stellte sich einen Tag später den Behörden in Erbil.In the intelligence operation "Mammut" and its prehistory, very different questions and problems of the southern history from 1918 up to the time of World War II are reflected. The name "Mammut" recalls the famous Kurdish leader, Sheik Mahmud. A complete confirmation of this assumption can supposedly be found in British records. The beginning of this covert operation by the German Abwehr falls into the late fall of 1942. At that time, a pincer movement between Caucasus and North Africa to the oil fields of Mesopotamia appeared possible. An anti-British uprising of the southern Kurdish people was to occur in support of this. It was to be started by a German agent squad, to which one or two local Kurds from the region supposedly belonged. The plans were delayed however for a few months. For that reason, in view of the strategic situation in mid-1943, this action could only serve as a destabilisation of the British position of power through Kurdish partisans. Further strategic goals were unreachable at this point of time. This action was led by Lieutenant Gottfried Johannes Müller, who had been in this region earlier in the 1930''s for private reasons. In mid-April 1943 the Kurd, Ramzi Nafi Rashid Agha, was also convinced to join the operation. It finally began after further delays on June 15, 1943. However, on June 28, exactly 11 days afterwards, the Germans were detected and arrested. One day after that Ramzi gave himself up to the authorities in Erbil
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Dayoub, Bassam. "L'expansion urbaine de Damas extra muros depuis l'époque seldjukide jusqu'à la fin de l'époque mamelouke : l'exemple de quartier d'al-Midan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H064.
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Le quartier d'al-Mïdan est un exemple judicieux pour présenter l'histoire et le développement de l'expansion urbaine extra-muros de la ville de Damas. En effet, son expansion s'est poursuivie sans interruption au fil des siècles. Longeant la Rue principale vers la Terre Sainte, l'Égypte et la Palestine, ce quartier a été divisé en trois parties (Nord, Centre et Sud) afin d'en faciliter son étude. Le quartier s'est développé à partir des villages des premières tribus arabes installées aux alentours de la muraille (VIIe et VIII siècle). La partie Nord a été le premier secteur du quartier à connaître un vrai essor dans son urbanisation jusqu'à l'époque ayyoubide (570-658/1174-1260) où le Musalla a été transformé en mosquée (en 606/1211) et où la partie centrale a connu un noyau d'urbanisation. A l'époque Mamelouke (658-923/1258-1516), le village al-Qubaybat est apparu dans le Sud avec sa mosquée, la Mosquée al-Karïmï (en 718/1318). Par la suite, la Mosquée de Manjak a été érigée (avant 826/1423) dans le secteur Central qui a intégré la partie Nord. Suite à cela, al-Qubaybat a perdu son indépendance en intégrant l'unité spatiale du quartier avant l'arrivée des ottomans (en 923/1516). L'étude architecturale de l'ensemble des monuments du quartier d'al-Mïdan révèle une identité spécifique avec, d'une part, l'absence totale de madrasa et, d'autre part, la présence de mausolées mamelouks à deux coupoles. Par ailleurs, le quartier présente le seul exemple dans l'architecture damascène d'un édifice proche du type« sabïl- maq'ad », bien connu au Caire d'époque mamelouke. Les sources historiques et les documents écrits des archives fournissent des listes importantes de monuments du quartier disparus de nos jours. Cela s'ajoute à la liste issue des travaux sur le terrain et permet d'avoir une vue plus complète sur l'histoire de l'urbanisation du quartier. La société a été composée de plusieurs classes: les notables (al-Kubartiou al-A 'yiin) qui ont collaboré avec les militaires pour contrôler les peuple (al-'Amma), sans oublier les grand commençants et les milices locales appelées « al-Zu 'ur ». Le pouvoir était représenté par un walï, qui avait la responsabilité de le contrôler, d'y maintenir l'ordre et de collecter les impôts. Ce dernier était soutenu dans sa mission par deux autres personnages : le Shaykh al-hara, qui en général était choisi par le pouvoir parmi les élites ou les personnes puissantes du quartier, et le 'Arif al-hara, qui était un des chefs des milices locales « al-Zu 'ur »The district of al-Mïdan is a perfect example to present the history and development of the extramural expansion of the city of Damascus. Indeed, its expansion has continued without interruption for centuries. On both sides of the main road to the Holy Land and Egypt, the area was divided into three sections (North, Central and South) to facilitate its study. The district started to develop from the villages of the first Arab tribes settled a round the wall (seventh and eighth century AD). The northern part was the first sector to experience a real momentum in its urbanization in the Ayyubid period (570-658 / 1174-1260), where the Musalla was converted into a mosque (in 606/1211) and the central part became the core of urbanization. ln Mamluk times (658-923 / 1258-1516), the town of al-Qubaybat appeared in the South with its alKarimï mosque (in 718/1318). Thereafter, the Jamï Manjak was erected (before 826/1423) in the central area which then incorporated the northern part. Subsequently, al-Qubaybat lost its independence by incorporating into the spatial unity of the area before the arrival of the Ottomans (in 923/1516). The architectural study of the monuments in the district of al-Mïdan reveals a specific identity, total lacking madrasas on the one hand, and on the other band, including: Mamluk mausoleum with two domes. Furthermore, the district has the only example in Damascus of a building approximating to the type "sabïlmaq'ad", well known under the Mamluks in Cairo. The historical sources and written documents of the archives provide important lists of monuments today disappeared. This can be added to the list of the monuments studied and provides a more comprehensive view of the area's urbanization. The social organization was composed of several classes: the notables (al-Kubariï or al-a’yan) who worked with the military to control the people (al-'Amma), without forgetting the well known merchants and local militias called "al-Zu'ur ". The authority was represented by the walï, who was responsible for control, maintaining order and collecting taxes. The walï was supported in his mission by two other persons: Shaykh al-hara, who in general was chosen by the authorities among the elites or powerful people in the district, and the 'Arif al- hara, who was a leader of local militias "al-Zu'ur"
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Stilwell, Sean Arnold. "The Kano Mamluks slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate, 1807-1903 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ39311.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1999. Graduate Programme in History.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 329-360). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ39311.
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Yusuf, Hiba Ali. "L'éclairage à l'époque Mamluke en Egypte : 648-923/1250-1517." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040065.
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L'usage intensif de luminaires lors des cérémonies diverses à l'époque mamluke aussi bien que pour éclairer l'intérieur des différents édifices, a conduit à la produciton de nombreux luminaires, qui offrent tout un éventail de formes différentes. Nous essayons dans cette étude de préciser les formes et les décors, les matériaux et les techniques utilisés pour la fabrication des luminaires de l'Egypte mamluke, de comprendre leurs destinations premières et de mettre en valeur leur participation intensive aux cérémonies et fêtes qu'elles soient religieuses, sociales et politiques. La première partie, consacrée aux formes de luminaires mamluks, analyse les différents types. La deuxième partie est destinée à l'étude des matériaux qui servaient à la fabrication des luminaires. La troisième partie est consacré au répertoire décoratif ornant ces luminaires.
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Laclau, Adeline. "Les manuscrits enluminés dans le sultanat mamlūk au XIVe siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0200.
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Cette thèse porte sur les manuscrits enluminés réalisés dans le sultanat mamlūk au XIVe siècle. Ces ouvrages, produits en nombre, représentent aujourd'hui une masse critique non négligeable afin d’étudier les divers mécanismes de la production manuscrite en Egypte et Syrie à la fin du Moyen Age. Grâce aux sources historiques et à une analyse du livre en tant qu’objet et œuvre d’art, cette étude propose de retracer le processus de fabrication et le contexte de production de ces manuscrits. La méthode de travail adoptée s’articule autour de trois axes principaux : d’abord, l’observation attentive du support via l’usage et l’évolution des formats de papiers employés, celle de la mise en page et des écritures, puis l’analyse des enluminures essentiellement fondée sur des considérations relatives à leur construction géométrique. En unissant plusieurs disciplines comme la codicologie, la paléographie et l’histoire de l’art, cette étude met alors en lumière l’identité des différents acteurs et leur rôle au sein de cette production artistique, mais aussi l’introduction et l’évolution de certains modes opératoires dans le processus de fabrication ou dans l’exercice du mécénatThis thesis focuses on the illuminated manuscripts produced in the Mamlūk sultanate during the 14th century. These works, produced in large numbers, now represent a significant critical mass in order to study the various mechanisms of manuscript production in Egypt and Syria at the end of the Middle Ages. Using historical sources and an analysis of the book as an object and work of art, this study proposes to trace the manufacturing process and production context of these manuscripts. The working method adopted is based on three main axes: first, careful observation of the medium through the use and evolution of the paper formats used, the layout and writing, and then the analysis of illuminations, essentially based on considerations relating to their geometric construction. By combining several disciplines such as codicology, palaeography and art history, this study highlights the identity of the various actors and their role within this artistic production, but also the introduction and evolution of certain operating modes in the manufacturing process or in the exercise of patronage
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Martel-Thoumian, Bernadette. "Les civils et l'administration dans l'État militaire mamlūk : IXe-XVe siècle /." Damas : [Paris] : Institut français de Damas ; diff. J. Maisonneuve, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35535558f.
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Martel-Thoumian, Bernadette. "Les civils et l'administration dans l'état militaire mamlūk (9-15e siècle)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10010.
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Ce travail, base sur une etude des dictionnaires biographiques ainsi que sur les chroniques historiques du 9 15 e siecle, se propose de definir et d'etudier l'une des composantes importantes de la societe mamluke sous les sultans circassiens (784-922 1392-1517) en egypte et en syrie : le milieu des administrateurs civils. Les structures de l'administration et ses rouages (heredite, clientelisme et venalite des charges) ont favorise la constitution de veritables dynasties secretariales, celles-ci etant d'origines geographiques, confessionnelles et sociales differentes. Hommes de l'administration et hommes de cour, les administrateurs civils, qui furent de veritables notables urbains, occuperent une place preponderante dans la societe de cette epoque.
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Abdel, Barr Omniya. "L'art urbain du Caire mamlouk : manières de faire et enjeux sociaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3008/document.
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Cette thèse dévoile comment les monuments sont construits au Caire mamlouk. La chaîne des évènements commence avec les sultans et émirs, leurs femmes et concubines, leurs esclaves et eunuques et les élites civiles, qui sont les promoteurs de ces bâtiments. Trouver le concepteur de cette architecture monumentale fut par contre plus malaisées. L'approche de la phase de la conception nous a amené à émettre des hypothèses quant aux outils utilisés lors de la formalisation du projet. L'étude de la question foncière, aussi bien sur le plan économique et juridique que sur la localisation géographique des parcelles dans le tissu urbain ont montré des soucis urbanistiques. L'analyse des acteurs de la construction a permis de les classer en fonction des phases du déroulement du chantier, en présentant la division du travail, ainsi que les corps des métiers. Au sommet du système hiérarchique on trouve le ?ādd al-'amā'ir, un délégué présentant le commanditaire sur le chantier, qui jouissait d'un pouvoir illimité. Ensuite, le nāẓir, qui peut parfois se substituer au précédent. Vient le muhandis, un assistant technique, travaillant généralement en équipe et qui est censé être le véritable maître d'oeuvre. Le dernier groupe est celui des artisans et ouvriers. Retrouver leurs traces a révélé la richesse et la grande diversité du Caire à l'époque, qui ne résidait pas simplement dans les aspects architecturaux mais aussi dans la question de la tolérance. Finalement, en étudiant comment au quotidien se fait un monument, on a réussi à dessiner une image détaillé du déroulement du chantier de sa conception jusqu'à son inaugurationThis thesis uncovers how monuments were built in Mamlouk Cairo. The chain of events starts with; sultans and emirs, their wives and concubines, slaves and eunuchs and civilian elites, who sponsor the buildings. The designers of such monumental architecture were not usually given credit and hence not mentioned in most historical documents. While researching the design of the monuments, we discovered a number of tools used in the design phase. The study of the land acquisition, shed light on the importance of the geographical location within the urban fabric, which revealed the economic and legal complications involved. Then we tackle the question of the responsibility on the construction site. At the top of the hierarchy there is the ?ādd al-'amā'ir, who represents the sponsor on the site, followed by the Nāẓir, which can sometimes replace the ?ādd. Then the Muhandis, a technical assistant, usually working in a team and who implements the design. We analyze the chain of operations from the top of the hierarchy down to the artisans, workers and unskilled labor. The analysis included a study of the division of labor and the details of the different crafts used in the site construction and in workshops. Studying all the site workers revealed the different economic standards and the diversity of the population in Cairo. Finally, we trace the history of the making of the monument in this period and are able to draw a full detailed picture of the timeline of a Mamlouk monument from inception to inauguration
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Halawi, Wissam. "Le druzisme au IXe/XVe siècle : entre hagiographie sayyidienne et réalités sociales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H012.
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L’historiographie traditionnelle considère que le druzisme – entendu comme la doctrine religieuse du tawḥīd propre aux Druzes – a connu son apogée au IXe/XVe siècle grâce à l’enseignement et à la direction spirituelle d’al-Sayyid (m. 884/1479). La présente étude a pour objectif d’analyser cette construction d’une figure mythifiée de grand saint et d’un récit peu ancré dans les réalités sociales au niveau local. Une telle révision est rendue possible par un double renouvellement : une lecture critique des sources et un élargissement du corpus à des manuscrits druzes inédits. Confronter les hagiographies sayyidiennes aux chroniques locales permet de distinguer entre les Vitae du saint et le personnage historique d'al-Sayyid, afin d’étudier sa vision, son action et son autorité dans les contrées syriennes du Ġarb et du Šūf. Les traités de droit druze livrent par ailleurs des indications précieuses sur l’organisation nouvelle mise en place par ses disciples après sa mort et sur le fonctionnement des communautés druzes au niveau local. Enfin l’articulation du pouvoir religieux des initiés avec le pouvoir politique des émirs ḥusaynides, issus des Banū Buḥtur, est révélatrice des formes de légitimation qui apparaissent alorsTraditional historiography considers that Druzism – understood as the religious doctrine of tawḥīd specific to the Druzes – had its heyday in the 9th/15th century through teaching and spiritual guidance from al-Sayyid (d. 884/1479). The present study aims to analyse this construction of a mythical figure of a great saint as well as that of a narrative scarcely rooted in the local social realities. Such a revision was made possible by double-renewal: a critical reading of the sources and the enrichment of the corpus with unpublished Druze manuscripts. Confronting Sayyidian hagiographies to local chronicles allows us to distinguish between the Vitae of the saint and the historical character of al-Sayyid, and thus to study his vision, action, and authority in the Syrian regions of the Ġarb and Šūf. The Druze law treaties also give valuable information on the new organisation implemented by his followers after his death as well as the functioning of Druze communities at the local level. Finally, the articulation of the religious power of initiates with the political power of the Ḥusaynid emirs from the Banū Buḥtur, reveals the forms of legitimation which then appear
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AL, RAHIL MOHAMMED. "Sulayman at-tufi juriste hanbalite de l'epoque mamluke (657 1259-716 1316)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20004.
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Cette recherche se propose de faire connaitre la personnalite de l'imam sulayman at-tufi, savant et juriste hanbalite de l'epoque des mamluks bahrites, dont l'histoire rapporte les guerres, les conflits et les conditions sociales et economiques degradees. Les biographes d'at-tufi le depeignent comme un esprit brillant, ouvert et independant, qui a etudie tous les rites islamiques, accede a l'igtihad et repudie l'imitation, pourtant omnipresente a son epoque. L'oeuvre considerable qu'il a laissee, porte, essentiellement, sur le figh (science de la loir religieuse) et ses usul (fondements), sur le tafsir (l'exegese coranique) et 'ilm al-kalam (theologie dogmatique). En outre, elle englobe les sciences de la langue arabe, comme la grammaire et la rhetorique et revele un poete doue. At-tufi fut accuse de 'si'isme et connut une dure epreuve qui le marqua profondement, toput en contribuant a jeter un voile d'oubli sur sa personne et son oeuvre. Ainsi, l'un des buts de notre travail consiste, autant que se peut, a lever ce voile et a tenter de rehabiliter un savant qui merite, a notre avis, de figurer parmi les plus juristes sunnites et, notamment, hanbalitesTHE RESEARCH SHALL MAKE A NAME FOR THE PERSONALITY OF THE IMAM SULAYMAN AT-TUFI, A HANBALITE SCIENTIST AND JURIST OF THE ERA OF THE MAMLUKS BAHRITES WHOSE HISTORY TELLS OF THE WARS, THE CONFLICTS AND THE DEBASED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. THE BIOGRAPHERS OF AT-TUFI DEPICT HIM AS HAVING A BRILLIANT OPEN-MINDED AND INDEPENDANT MIND WHO HAS STUDIED ALL THE ISLAMIC RITUALS, ATTAINED THE IGTIHAD AND RENOUNCED THE IMITATION OMNIPRESENT AT THAT TIME THOUGH THE CONSIDERABLE WORK HE LEFT WAS ESSENTIALLY ON THE FIGH (SCIENCE OF THE RELIGIOUS LAW) AND ITS USULS (FOUNDATIONS), ON THE TAFSIR (THE CORANIC EXEGERIS) AND " ILM AL-KALAM" (DOGMATIC THEOLOGIC). HOWEVER, IT INCLUDES THE Science OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE, LIKE GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC AND REVEALS A BRIGHT POET. AT-TUFI WAS ACCUSED OF SI'ISM AND SUFFERED GREAT HARDSHIPS WHICH DEAPLY MARKED HIM, AT THE SAME TIME AS CONTRIBUTING TO DRAWING A VEIL OF OBLIVION ON HIS FIGURE AND HIS WORK. THEREFORE, ONE OF THE PURPOSES OF OUR WORK CONSISTS, AS FAR AS POSSIBLE, IN LIFTING THIS WEIL AND TRYING TO RESTORE A SCIENTIST WHO DESERVES, IN OUR OPINION, TO APPEAR AMONG THE GREATEST SUNNITES JURISTS AND PARTICULARY HANBALITES
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Manjikian, Sevak Joseph. "Education and training under the Mamlūks." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20444.
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This work analyzes the methods the Mamluk Sultanate (1250--1517) used to train and educate its military and religious elite. Three separate classes of people are examined: the Mamluks, the religious elite (' ulama') and finally the children of the Mamluks (awlad al-nas). It is demonstrated that in order for the Mamluk Sultanate to function properly, both military and religious scholarship were needed. During the Mamluk period, these methods of training and education were not applied in a uniform manner.
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Al-Sarraf, Shihiab. "L'archerie mamlûke (648-924 / 1250-1517)." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040063.
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L'archerie a joué un rôle éminent en façonnant les réalités politiques militaires et sociales dans le monde musulman en général et moyen-oriental en particulier. Depuis l'avènement de l'islam jusqu'à l'avènement des mamluks, l'archerie militaire a évolué, traversant différentes étapes et chacune à plusieurs niveaux. Cette évolution a abouti à ce qui est devenu son sommet : l'archerie mamluke. Pendant plus de deux siècles et demi d'existence, le sultanat mamluk s'est fonde sur l'archer monte qui constituait l'essence même de son institution militaire et était l'unique constituant de son armée proprement dite. Donc étudier l'archerie mamluke est très important pour comprendre le tissus intime de l'institution militaire mamluke les techniques et les tactiques militaires de son armée, et les conditions concrètes déterminant son apogée et déclin. L'archerie mamluke est aussi le point de départ pour comprendre l'archerie musulmane pré-mamluke et elle nous permet de retracer l'évolution des techniques militaire arabo-musulmanes avec tout ce que cela comporte comme informations précieuses pour combler les lacunes, qui sont immensesThe archery played an eminent role in shaping the military, political and social realities in the world of Islam in general and in that of the middle east in particular. Since the advent of Islam until the advent of the mamluks the military archery went through many stages and on different levels. This evolution reached its summit with the mamluks. During more than two centuries and a half of its existence, the mamluks kingdom was based upon the mounted archer who constituted the very essence of its military institution and the sole constituent of its army strictly speaking. Hence the study of mamluk archery is of extreme importance for the understanding of the fabric of the mamluk military institution, the tactics of its army and the concrete conditions determining its apogee and decline
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Mujani, Wan K. "The economic decline of the Circassian Mamluks in Egypt (872-922/1468-1517)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.740235.
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AbuZeitoun, Mamoun [Verfasser]. "Die Computerdelikte im deutschen Recht / Mamoun AbuZeitoun." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1181620945/34.
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Alqabli, Abdulaziz Fayez. "Political Deposition in the Era of the Circassian Mamluks (1382 – 1517):Causes and Results." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo155656391137825.
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Mbow, Penda. "La Société militaire mamluke des XIVe-XVe siècles : éléments de comparaison avec la France." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10056.
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Dans cette these intitulee "la societe militaire mamluke des xive - xve siecles, nous avons tente de mener une comparaison entre les aristocraties militaires en egypte et en france. Dans une premiere partie a ete suivie l'evolution de l'aris- tocratie militaire mamluke de 1376 a 1517 d'apres le cadastre (ou rawk) d'ibn al ji'an. On y distingue trois phases : - le regne de malik ashraf sha'ban caracterise par une relative prosperite, par consequent une certaine stabilite au sein de l'ar- mee. - la periode de ruptures et de desequilibres : 1398 - 1476. - la reprise a partir de 1476 ou periode conservatrice des mamluks circassiens. Cette evolution a ete comparee a celle de la france de 1337 (la guerre de cent ans) a 1495. Avec une conjoncture sensiblement identique, on distingue dans l'armee francaise trois phases : - la periode de tatonnement (1337-1369). - la crise seigneuriale. - la naissance d'une societe militaire favorisee par une periode de crises (fin xiiie - xve siecles). Les fers de lance de ces transformations ont partout ete les aristocratiesIn this thesis whose title is "mamluk military society in the xive - xve centuries, we tried to make a comparison between military upper classes in egypt and those in france. In a first part
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Morisot, Corinne. "Étude des relations entre le Caire et la Mekke à l'époque mamluke (648-922/1250-1517)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040029.
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L'etude des relations entre le caire et la mekke a l'epoque mamluke vise a decrire les conditions materielles qui regnaient dans ces deux villes. L'objectif est en fait double : il s'agit a la fois de proposer une periodicite economique argumentee de ces trois siecles et de chercher, dans l'histoire mekkoise, les consequences de la tutelle mamluke. Pour mener a bien cette recherche nous disposons d'un vaste corpus historiographique, melant a la fois des sources ecrites traditionnelles, des formes plus modernes d'ecriture (monographies a caractere economique, guide de chancellerie ou de commerce, ouvrages encyclopediques) et les temoignages epigraphiques et numismatiques. La determination d'une approche critique de cette documentation permet de presenter les faits qui contribuerent a l'evolution economique de l'empire. Il convient en effet de replacer les developpements economiques et monetaires dans ce contexte historique general. Au cours des trois siecles de souverainete mamluke, trois epoques monetaires se distinguent, chacune dominee par une monnaie. L'etude des faits qui se deroulerent au fil de ces trois epoques demontre le caractere commercial des relations entre les deux villes. Le commerce adoptait alors deux formes egalement importante pour la ville sainte : le transit des produits indiens, et les transactions vivrieres. Les modes d'organisation de ces differentes activite demontrent l'utilisation de moyen de paiement raffines tel que le credit. Elle permet de saisir les itineraires suivis et leur evolution. Les activites du negoce inter-regional conditionnaient la qualite de vie dans les deux villes. Celles-ci peuvent etre examinees grace au calcul d'indice de cherte et au caire eclairee par leur confrontation aux niveaux des salairesThis study concentrates on the relations between cairo and mecca during the mamluk period, trying first to determine an economical rythm to the evolution of both cities, and then to reach the consequences of mamluk sovereignity upon the holy city. To begin with, we first examine the sources that should be used, pointing out to a critical crossing approach of them. The historiography of the mamluk period presentes various kind of historical wrting, from the traditional ones, up to modern encyclopedic or practical forms and archeological testimony. Through a critical method of reading, we underligned the main historical features of this period, focussing on those facts that rally matters to the economicals developpements. This historical presentation goes on three economical period, defined for each of both cities. It clairly shows, that commercial activity were the main aspect of the relation between cairo and mecca. The study of such activity helps us to catch the medieaval conception of capital, the use of credit and the beginning of insurancial practices. The evolution of the main trend of the indian trnasit is a second important feature of this chapter which ends with the presentation of meccan commodities commerce. In a last time we calculated the evolution of fodd price in both cities, showing how they followed the prices of wheat. Then, we try to determine the level of life in cairo, drowing a comparaison between commodities and furniture priceson the one hand, and level of wages on the other
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El, Bendari Hanem. "La hisbah en Egypte : période mamelouk : XIIe-XVIe s." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30038.
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L'Islam est à fois dogme, culte et morale. Il codifie les relations qui unissent les croyants entre eux. A partir d'un principe fondamental "ordonner le bien et défendre le mal", représente un ordre coranique dans un cadre de droit public, la "Hisba" a été instaurée comme une fonction étatique. La "Hisba" à travers son évolution historique et politique pendant les trois siècles (du XII au XV) Mamlouks en Egypte, a connu plusieurs contradictions du point de vue de son application.
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Rizzo, Alessandro. "Le lys et le lion : diplomatie et échanges entre Florence et le sultanat mamelouk (début XVe-début XVIe s.)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0390.
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Le travail porte sur les relations diplomatiques et commerciales établies entre Florence et le sultanat mamelouk (Égypte-Syrie), à partir de la troisième décennie du XVe siècle et, époque où les contacts entre les deux puissances s’intensifièrent et où les échanges économiques avec l’Égypte et la Syrie revêtirent pour les deux puissances un caractère important. Même si les ports et les villes côtières du sultanat mamelouk furent fréquentés par des marchands florentins depuis le XIVe siècle, ce ne fut qu’à partir de 1421 que Florence parvint à s’assurer un accès direct à la mer et à posséder ses propres navires. Ce développement conduisit à un changement dans la nature et la fréquence des relations diplomatiques et commerciales entre les deux puissances. Désormais, Florence pouvait prétendre jouer un rôle d’interlocuteur direct avec les sultans et protéger les principaux acteurs de son commerce : les marchandsThe research investigates the diplomatic and commercial relations that were established between Florence and the Mamluk sultanate (Egypt-Syria), during the first half of the 15th century. This is the period when the contacts between the two states intensified and the significance of the economic exchanges between Florence and the Mamluk Empire became important for both powers. Even though the Florentine merchants had been active in the harbors and in the coastal cities of the Mamluk Sultanate since the 14th century, it is only from 1421 that Florence managed to secure a direct outlet to the sea and to have its own ships. This expansion led to a shift in the nature and the frequency of the diplomatic and commercial relations between the two powers: Florence could now pretend to play the role of a direct interlocutor with the sultans and seek to protect the leading actors of its trade: the merchants