Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mammal fossils

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mammal fossils'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mammal fossils"

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Davies, Thomas W., Mark A. Bell, Anjali Goswami, and Thomas J. D. Halliday. "Completeness of the eutherian mammal fossil record and implications for reconstructing mammal evolution through the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction." Paleobiology 43, no. 4 (2017): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.20.

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AbstractThere is a well-established discrepancy between paleontological and molecular data regarding the timing of the origin and diversification of placental mammals. Molecular estimates place interordinal diversification dates in the Cretaceous, while no unambiguous crown placental fossils have been found prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Here, the completeness of the eutherian fossil record through geological time is evaluated to assess the suggestion that a poor fossil record is largely responsible for the difference in estimates of placental origins. The completeness of fossil specimens was measured using the character completeness metric, which quantifies the completeness of fossil taxa as the percentage of phylogenetic characters available to be scored for any given taxon. Our data set comprised 33 published cladistic matrices representing 445 genera, of which 333 were coded at the species level.There was no significant difference in eutherian completeness across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. This suggests that the lack of placental mammal fossils in the Cretaceous is not due to a poor fossil record but more likely represents a genuine absence of placental mammals in the Cretaceous. This result supports the “explosive model” of early placental evolution, whereby placental mammals originated around the time of the K/Pg boundary and diversified soon after.No correlation was found between the completeness pattern observed in this study and those of previous completeness studies on birds and sauropodomorph dinosaurs, suggesting that different factors affect the preservation of these groups. No correlations were found with various isotope proxy measures, but Akaike information criterion analysis found that eutherian character completeness metric scores were best explained by models involving the marine-carbonate strontium-isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr), suggesting that tectonic activity might play a role in controlling the completeness of the eutherian fossil record.
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Mayhew, D. F., F. E. Dieleman, A. A. Slupik, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, and J. W. F. Reumer. "Small mammal assemblages from the Quaternary succession at Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, the Netherlands) and their significance for correlating the Oosterschelde fauna." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 93, no. 3 (2014): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2014.6.

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AbstractWe investigated fossil small mammals from a borehole near Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, southwest Netherlands) in order to get better insights in the fossil mammal faunas that are found in the subsurface in the southwestern Netherlands, and to investigate the age and provenance of the mammal fauna that is being dredged from the deep tidal gullies in the nearby Oosterschelde estuary. The record in the borehole covers Gelasian (Early Pleistocene) to Holocene deposits, represented by six formations. Thirty-nine specimens of small mammals were obtained from the borehole. These fossils derived from the Early Pleistocene marine Maassluis Formation and from directly overlying deposits of a Late Pleistocene age. During Weichselian times (33–24 ka), a proto-Schelde River shaped the northern Oosterschelde area. The river reworked substantial amounts of Early and Middle Pleistocene deposits. At the base of the Schelde-derived fluvial sequence (regionally described as the Koewacht Formation), Gelasian vertebrate faunas were concentrated in the channel lag. The Late Pleistocene channel lag is almost certainly the main source for the rich Early Pleistocene vertebrate faunas with larger mammals dredged from the Oosterschelde.
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Smith, Vincent S., Tom Ford, Kevin P. Johnson, Paul C. D. Johnson, Kazunori Yoshizawa, and Jessica E. Light. "Multiple lineages of lice pass through the K–Pg boundary." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (2011): 782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0105.

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For modern lineages of birds and mammals, few fossils have been found that predate the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary. However, molecular studies using fossil calibrations have shown that many of these lineages existed at that time. Both birds and mammals are parasitized by obligate ectoparasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), which have shared a long coevolutionary history with their hosts. Evaluating whether many lineages of lice passed through the K–Pg boundary would provide insight into the radiation of their hosts. Using molecular dating techniques, we demonstrate that the major louse suborders began to radiate before the K–Pg boundary. These data lend support to a Cretaceous diversification of many modern bird and mammal lineages.
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McDowell, Matthew C., and Graham C. Medlin. "Natural Resource Management implications of the pre-European non-volant mammal fauna of the southern tip of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09020.

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Sinkholes and coastal caves located in, around and between the Coffin Bay and Lincoln National Parks were surveyed for pre-European fossils, which were collected from or just below the sediment surface. Twenty-four pre-European fossil samples, including eight already in the collections of the South Australian Museum, were analysed and 25 native and five introduced species of non-volant mammal were identified. Native and introduced species were often found together, indicating that the sites have accumulated mammal remains in both pre- and post-European times. Only four of the non-volant native mammals recovered are known to be extant in the study area today: Lasiorhinus latifrons, Macropus fuliginosus, Cercartetus concinnus and Rattus fuscipes. In contrast, 20 native species recorded have been extirpated and one (Potorous platyops) is now extinct. C. concinnus was recorded from only one of the fossil assemblages but is known to be widespread in the study area today. This may indicate recent vegetation change related to European land management practices and have implications for natural resource management in the area.
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Slupik, A. A., F. P. Wesselingh, D. F. Mayhew, et al. "The role of a proto-Schelde River in the genesis of the southwestern Netherlands, inferred from the Quaternary successions and fossils in Moriaanshoofd Borehole (Zeeland, the Netherlands)." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 92, no. 1 (2013): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600000299.

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AbstractWe investigated the Quaternary lithological succession and faunas in a borehole near Moriaanshoofd (Province of Zeeland, SW Netherlands), in order to improve our understanding of the depositional context of classical Gelasian mammal faunas from the region. The fossils mostly derive from the base of a fossil-rich interval between 31 m and 36.5 m below the surface, that was initially interpreted as a Middle or Late Pleistocene interglacial marine unit, but turned out to be a Late Quaternary fluvial unit with large amounts of reworked fossils and sediments. Eocene mollusc taxa pinpoint Flanders (Belgium) as the source region for this river. Within the base of this paleo-Schelde River fossil material of various stratigraphic provenance became incorporated.
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Brinkman, P. "Bartholomew James Sulivan's discovery of fossil vertebrates in the Tertiary beds of Patagonia." Archives of Natural History 30, no. 1 (2003): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.1.56.

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While commanding a Royal Navy survey of the Falkland Islands in 1845, Bartholomew James Sulivan discovered and collected fossil mammals at Rio Gallegos, Patagonia. Described the following year by Richard Owen, Sulivan's specimens comprised the first collection taken from what would later be designated the Santa Cruz beds (early-middle Miocene), the most prolific fossil mammal horizon in South America and the oldest discovered by Sulivan's time. Unfortunately, Charles Darwin's conservative estimate of the age of the fossils delayed the full appreciation of Sulivan's discovery. Sulivan was only moderately successful at attracting interest in his discovery among British naturalists. By the time that the first extensive collections of Santa Cruz fossil mammals were made by Argentine paleontologists Carlos and Florentino Ameghino, in the 1890s, Sulivan's pioneering role in the history of South American vertebrate paleontology had been overshadowed and all but forgotten. An examination of Sulivan's experience provides a general model for the process whereby some contributors to science descend from initial fame to lasting obscurity.
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LOPES, RENATO PEREIRA, FRANCISCO SEKIGUCHI BUCHMANN, FELIPE CARON, and MARIA ELIZABETH ITUSARRY. "Tafonomia de Fósseis de Vertebrados (Megafauna Extinta) Encontrados nas Barrancas do Arroio Chuí e Linha de Costa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Pesquisas em Geociências 28, no. 2 (2001): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.20269.

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The present work describes the taphonomy of the extinct mammals’ fossils (Pleistocene megafauna) found in Chuí creek embankment, in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil and compares them to the mammals’ fossils occurring along the shoreline of the same State. These mammals lived during the Upper Pleistocene (Lujanense land-mammal period) about 120000 years ago; the fossils that occurs along Chuí creek and the ones found along the shoreline suffered deposition in coastal lagoons, originated during events of sea transgression-regression, althought the last ones are now found in subaquatic environments, preserved in submerged biodetritic banks along the coast and are being thrown onto the beach during storm events. These fossils are extremely hard and dark, due to substitution of the bone’s original calcium phosphate by silicates and oxides. While these fossils are found fragmented on the beach due to wave action and transport, the fossils occurring along Chuí creek embankment are well preserved, indicating that they haven’t suffered significant transport; the latter show light colour and more fragility due to lixiviation. Articulated parts of mammals are found, and many bones show grooves and scratches, suggesting the action of scavengers after death. They are found in situ at a depth of 2,5-3,5m in lacustrine sediments of Pleistocene origin in the Chuí creek embankment and above a layer of oxidated beach sands which show parallel stratification and galleries of the Callianassa crustacean.
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MacFadden, Bruce J., and Richard C. Hulbert. "Calibration of mammoth (Mammuthus) dispersal into North America using rare earth elements of Plio-Pleistocene mammals from Florida." Quaternary Research 71, no. 1 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.008.

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AbstractThe first appearance of mammoth (Mammuthus) is currently used to define the beginning of the Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age at about 1.4 Ma. Thereafter, mammoth fossils are common and widespread in North America until the end of the Pleistocene. In contrast to this generally accepted biochronology, recent reports have asserted that mammoth occurs in late Pliocene (ca. 2.5 Ma) alluvium from the Santa Fe River of northern Florida. The supposedly contemporaneous late Pliocene fossil assemblage from the Santa Fe River that produced the mammoth specimens actually consists of a mixture of diagnostic Blancan (late Pliocene) and late Rancholabrean (latest Pleistocene) species. Fossil bones and teeth of the two mammalian faunas mixed together along the Santa Fe River have significantly different rare earth element (REE) signatures. The REE signatures of mammoth are indistinguishable from those of Rancholabrean mammals, yet they are different from those of diagnostic Blancan vertebrates from these same temporally mixed faunas of the Santa Fe River. Thus, no evidence for late Pliocene mammoth exists in Florida, and mammoth fossils remain reliable biochronological indicators for Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean terrestrial sequences throughout mid- and lower-latitude North America.
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Chester, Stephen G. B., Jonathan I. Bloch, Doug M. Boyer, and William A. Clemens. "Oldest known euarchontan tarsals and affinities of Paleocene Purgatorius to Primates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 5 (2015): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421707112.

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Earliest Paleocene Purgatorius often is regarded as the geologically oldest primate, but it has been known only from fossilized dentitions since it was first described half a century ago. The dentition of Purgatorius is more primitive than those of all known living and fossil primates, leading some researchers to suggest that it lies near the ancestry of all other primates; however, others have questioned its affinities to primates or even to placental mammals. Here we report the first (to our knowledge) nondental remains (tarsal bones) attributed to Purgatorius from the same earliest Paleocene deposits that have yielded numerous fossil dentitions of this poorly known mammal. Three independent phylogenetic analyses that incorporate new data from these fossils support primate affinities of Purgatorius among euarchontan mammals (primates, treeshrews, and colugos). Astragali and calcanei attributed to Purgatorius indicate a mobile ankle typical of arboreal euarchontan mammals generally and of Paleocene and Eocene plesiadapiforms specifically and provide the earliest fossil evidence of arboreality in primates and other euarchontan mammals. Postcranial specializations for arboreality in the earliest primates likely played a key role in the evolutionary success of this mammalian radiation in the Paleocene.
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Hopson, James A. "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils." American Biology Teacher 49, no. 1 (1987): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4448410.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammal fossils"

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TOMIDA, YUKIMITSU. "SMALL MAMMAL FOSSILS AND CORRELATION OF CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS, SAFFORD AND DUNCAN BASINS, ARIZONA (GILA CONGLOMERATE, MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY, BIOCHRONOLOGY, BLANCAN AGE, TAXONOMY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188105.

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Fossil bearing continental deposits, the Gila Conglomerate, of the Safford and Duncan Basins, Arizona were correlated with the magnetic polarity time scale by means of magnetostratigraphy and biochronology of mammalian fossils. Within the Safford Basin, the Bear Springs section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the lower or upper Gauss chron; the 111 Ranch section with a middle to late Blancan fauna is correlated with the upper Gauss to early Matuyama chrons; and the San Simon Power Line section with probably a latest Blancan fauna is correlated with the early Matuyama chron. In the Duncan Basin, the Duncan section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the middle Gauss chron; the Pearson Mesa section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the Upper Gauss chron; and the Country Club section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the latest Gilbert to early Gauss chrons or from the middle Gauss to the earliest Matuyama chrons. A late Blancan fauna is not recognized in the Duncan Basin at least within the study area, whereas the Gila Conglomerate in the Safford Basin includes deposits and fauna of the latest Blancan (latest Pliocene) age. A minimum of 37 taxa of small mammals are recognized among the approximately 1,600 specimens from the Gila Conglomerate of the Safford and Duncan Basins. Three new rodent species are described; they are Pappogeomys (Cratogeomys) sansimonensis, new species; Reithrodontomys galushai, new species; and Repomys arizonensis, new species. One new combination of genus and species, Hypolague virginiae, is described. In the Safford Basin, a minimum of 26 small mammal taxa are now recognized in the 111 Ranch fauna, of which three genera (Dipodomys, Peromyscus, and Repomys) are new records to the fauna; a minimum of 6 taxa of small mammals are recognized and described for the first time in the San Simon Power Line fauna. In the Duncan Basin, a minimum of 15 small mammal taxa are recognized and described for the first time.
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Mercer, Lonnie T. "Geology of the Tierras Blancas Area in the Southeastern Acambay Graben, Central Mexico." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/303.

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Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments in the southeastern Acambay graben, central Mexico have yielded mammal fossils, including Equus simplicidens, cf. Rhynchotherium, ?Camelops, Mammuthus sp., Bison sp., and Antilocapra sp. The fossiliferous sediments include a period of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene that interrupted fluvial and alluvial sedimentation during the early Pliocene and Pleistocene. The sediments deposited in this late Pliocene paleolake record a history of lake level fluctuations, shown by lithologic variations in lacustrine sediments and abundance of vertebrate burrows. Volcanic and tectonic events in the Acambay graben were the major controls on sedimentation during Pliocene-Pleistocene time. Various local volcanic structures produced source rocks for Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments, and intra-arc extensional tectonics caused basin subsidence. Blockage of stream drainages by lava flows or perhaps increased basin subsidence contributed to the appearance of and fluctuations in the lacustrine system during the late Pliocene. Diatom assemblages from lacustrine sediments indicate slightly higher precipitation and humidity than present-day conditions in the Acambay graben. Therefore, climatic forcing may have also contributed to the development of the late Pliocene paleolake in the Acambay graben. Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks in this part of the Acambay graben range from basaltic andesite to rhyolite. The calc-alkaline composition of these volcanic rocks is similar to others in the modern Mexican Volcanic Belt; they have a continental arc affinity, which is consistent with a tectonic setting within the Mexican Volcanic Belt. The major eruptive episode in the Acambay graben occurred during the early Pliocene, although volcanism, represented by small volcanic structures, continued until the late Pleistocene. This observed decline in volcanism in the Acambay graben correlates with a early Pliocene through Quaternary trenchward migration of volcanism in the Mexican Volcanic Belt.
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Clark, Sarah, and Joshua X. Dr Samuels. "Mammal Community Structure Analysis of the Gray Fossil Site, TN." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/63.

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The early Pliocene age Gray Fossil Site (GFS) was relatively recently found, with much still to be discovered and examined, and represents one of only a few sites of its age in eastern North America. It has been noted that the diverse faunal remains found at GFS are unique compared to what have been found at other fossil sites in North America from the same time period. Studying mammalian community structures at fossil sites can provide an abundance of information about the past environment and species adaptations to it, such as niche occupation of species, resource partitioning, and interactions between organisms and their environment. The main questions being asked in this study are: 1) what is the mammal community structure like at GFS?, and 2) how does the community structure at GFS compare to other contemporaneous sites? While studies of the fauna and flora have helped us to understand the ecosystem at GFS, detailed study of the mammal community will help us better understand this unique site. It is expected that the community structure and niche occupation of the mammals at GFS will be different from other contemporaneous sites, dominated by mammals adapted for life in the warm oak, hickory forest present at the site. A taxon-free approach to analysis will be used so that environments not sharing the same taxa or of different ages can be compared to one another. Each mammal species from GFS (48 total) and five well-known contemporaneous sites are categorized by body size, locomotor mode, and dietary preference to characterize the niches occupied by each species. Categorizations for each species will come from published works and measurements / ecomorphological analysis of specimens. Preliminary results show that GFS is different from other sites in that there are more brachyodont and tree dwelling/climbing adapted species present, and there are fewer running species present. The initial findings are likely associated with the site being a closed, forested ecosystem, compared to the more open environments of the other sites. Moving forward, descriptions pertaining to specifically how GFS and its mammal community structure compare to the niche occupation of similar species at other sites will be discussed. This project will also examine what more this analysis can reveal about the ecosystem at GFS, particularly how the herbivorous mammals can provide greater insight into what environmental conditions were like, including what vegetation was predominant at GFS.
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Van, Pletzen Liezl. "The large mammal fauna from Klasies River." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51991.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The large mammal faunal sample, excavated since 1984 from the Late Pleistocene Klasies River main site, was studied. There are 27 species in eight genera represented. The bovids from the LBS member (110 000 years) and the Upper member (70 000 years) shows an increase in grazers relative to the fauna from the SAS member (100 000 years). This confirms previous research. The study of body part frequencies does not confirm the selective transport of the carcasses of larger bovids or that scavenging played an important role in the accumulation of the fauna. It is concluded that availability of marine mammals were the attraction of the locality and that all size classes of bovids were actively hunted and their carcasses returned to the site. KEYWORDS: Klasies River, Late Pleistocene, large mammal fauna, hunting.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groot soogdier fauna van die Laat Pleistoseen vindplaas Klasies River main site, opgegrawe vanaf 1984, is bestudeer. Sewe-en-twintig spesies in agt genera is verteenwoordig. Die bokke van die LBS member (110 000 jare) en die Upper member (70 000 jare) toon 'n styging in grasvreters relatief tot dié van die SAS member (100 000 jare). Dit bevestig 'n vorige ondersoek. Die bestudering van ligaamsdeel frekwensies van alle groottes bokke bevestig nie dat selektiewe vervoer van groter bokkarkasse plaasgevind het nie, of dat aas 'n rol in die akkumulasie van die fauna gespeel het nie. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die teenwoordigheid van marine soogdiere die rede was vir die keuse van hierdie vindplaas was. Alle groottes bokke is doelbewus gejag en hulle karkasse is teruggebring na die vindplaas. SLEUTELWOORDE: Klasies River, Laat Pleistoseen, groot soogdiere, jag.
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Iliopoulos, George. "The Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) and the study of the histology and chemistry of fossil mammal bone from the Late Miocene of Kerassia (Euboea Island, Greece)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35044.

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A taphonomic investigation of Late Miocene mammal bones and teeth and a taxonomic study of the abundant and diverse giraffid material from Kerassia, Greece, were undertaken. The material was collected from seven different sites near Kerassia, where at least two fossiliferous horizons occur. Microbial action caused extensive destruction in almost all the examined specimens of bone and teeth tissues from both horizons. Despite this, and contrary to the established ideas, bioeroded tissues survived to become fossils, preserving their histological and bioerosion features. The diameters of the microtunnels (150-600 nm) in the destructive foci indicate that the invading microorganisms were bacteria. Recrystallization of the apatite crystallites in the foci of damaged tissues occurred immediately after the end of bacterial activity, restraining later diagenetic recrystallization. This process is responsible for differences in the chemistry of the three structural areas of the bioeroded tissues, the undamaged areas, the foci and the rims of the foci. X-ray diffraction mineralogical analyses showed that fossil bone and dentine consist of carbonate fluorapatite and enamel consists of carbonate hydroxyapatite. The crystallinity of the fossil tissues is not age dependent but rather reflects the type of the hard tissue and the conditions of the local burial environment. To date, five different species of giraffes have been determined in Kerassia. Four species were found in the lower horizon, Palaeotragus rouenii, Palaeotragus sp., Samotherium major and Helladotherium duvernoyi and four species were found in the upper horizon Palaeotragus rouenii, Samotherium major, Helladotherium duvernoyi and Bohlinia attica. Finally, this study shows that a seasonal Mediterranean type, relatively temperate to warm and moist climate, can be inferred for the MN12 (Middle Turolian) of the Kerassia region.
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Hanson, Dale Alan. "The fossil mammals of the southern basin of the John Day Formation, Oregon /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1400405.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2000.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to UO users.
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Meijaard, Erik. "Solving mammalian riddles : a reconstruction of the Tertiary and Quaternary distribution of mammals and their palaeoenvironments in island South-East Asia /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20050924.221423/index.html.

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Schreve, Danielle Caroline. "Mammalian biostratigraphy of the later Middle Pleistocene in Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317926/.

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This study explores and develops the potential of fossil mammals to differentiate between the various climatic episodes of the post-Anglian Middle Pleistocene in Britain. Mammalian fossils are particularly valuable as biostratigraphic indicators on account of their morphological evolution and rapid turnover, through origination and extinction of species. Furthermore, the large-scale climatic fluctuations that affected north-west Europe during the Quaternary produced major shifts in the geographical distributions of many species, resulting in discernible patterns of presence and absence in the fossil record of a particular region. The development of a globally-applicable climatostratigraphic framework, based on the oxygen isotope record from deep-ocean sediments, has provided a new and challenging scheme for the interpretation of the British Quaternary record. Long fluvial sequences in Britain have been related to this record with considerable success, thereby providing a detailed archive of climatic change through the Pleistocene. The Thames valley was selected as a framework for the relative dating of the various climatic fluctuations, since it has been claimed to have the most reliably-dated long terrestrial sequence in the later Middle Pleistocene. The Thames model was therefore adopted as a testable hypothesis against which the mammalian evidence could be compared. The findings of this study confirm the presence of four complete climatic cycles between the Anglian and the Holocene, each with its own distinctive mammalian suite. In addition, it has been possible to identify subdivisions within these temperate stages, probably representing smaller-scale climatic fluctuations within an interglacial, and perhaps corresponding to isotopic substages. It has been possible to resolve a longstanding controversy concerning the age of the British type Hoxnian Interglacial. Amino acid geochronology had suggested that sediments at Hoxne belonged to a later interglacial than deposits from the first post-Anglian temperate episode in the Thames valley, such as Swanscombe. The results of the present study reveal close similarity between the mammalian fauna from Hoxne and that from Swanscombe, suggesting that there was indeed a single Hoxnian Interglacial, and that it directly post-dated the Anglian (i.e. Stage 11). Sediments of this age can be distinguished from those attributable to two other late Middle Pleistocene interglacials, all of them distinct from and older than, the Ipswichian. It has been suggested that distinctive mammalian assemblages can be identified from interglacials equivalent to oxygen isotope stages 9 and 7; moreover, it is apparent that the assemblages from warm Substages 7c and 7a differed from one another in species composition. Certain useful characters have also been determined, which can permit useful separation of some of the late Middle Pleistocene cold episodes, although in comparison with the interglacials, the evidence from these is scanty. The present study has provided a new biostratigraphic framework that may be both tested and refined as new sites become available in Britain, and also compared with the evidence from continental north-west Europe.
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Musser, Anne Marie School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Investigations into the evolution of Australian mammals with a focus on monotremata." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25739.

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This thesis began as an investigation into evolution of the platypus family (Ornithorhynchidae, Monotremata), now known from both Australia and South America. The thesis broadened its scope with inclusion of non-ornithorhynchid Mesozoic monotremes from Lightning Ridge, NSW. This change in direction brought an unexpected result: a fossil mammal from Lightning Ridge investigated for this thesis (presumed to be monotreme: Flannery et al., 1995) appears to be a new and unique type of mammal. Specimens were procured through Queensland Museum (Riversleigh material); Australian Museum (Lightning Ridge material); and Museum of Victoria and the South Australian Museum (fossil ornithorhynchids). Specimens were examined under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope; specimens were photographed using light photography and a scanning electron microscope; and illustrations and reconstructions were done with a camera lucida microscope attachment and photographic references. Parsimony analysis utilised the computer programs PAUP and MacClade. Major conclusions: 1) analysis and reconstruction of the skull of the Miocene platypus Obdurodon dicksoni suggest this robust, large-billed platypus was a derived northern offshoot off the main line of ornithorhynchid evolution; 2) the well-preserved skull of Obdurodon dicksoni shows aspects of soft anatomy previously unknown for fossil ornithorhynchids; 3) two upper molars from Mammalon Hill (Etadunna Formation, late Oligocene, central Australia) represent a third species of Obdurodon; 4) the South American ornithorhynchid Monotrematum sudamericanum from the Paleocene of Argentina is very close in form to the Oligocene-Miocene Obdurodon species from Australia and should be considered congeneric; 5) a revised diagnosis of the lower jaw of the Early Cretaceous monotreme Steropodon galmani includes the presence of two previously undescribed archaic features: the probable presence of postdentary bones and a meckelian groove; 6) morphological evidence is presented supporting a separate family Steropodontidae; and 7) analysis of new fossil material for Kollikodon ritchiei suggests that this taxon is not a monotreme mammal as originally identified but is a basal mammal with close relationships to allotherian mammals (Morganucodonta; Haramiyida). Kollikodon is provisionally placed as basal allotherian mammal (Allotheria sensu Butler 2000) and is unique at the ordinal level, being neither haramiyid nor multituberculate. A new allotherian order ??? Kollikodonta ??? is proposed.
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Pujos, François. "Contribution à la connaissance des Tardigrades (Mammalia : Xenarthra) du Pléistocène péruvien : systématique, phylogénie, anatomie fonctionnelle et extinction." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0020.

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De nouveaux restes de Tardigrades ont été découverts dans les dépôts pléistocènes péruviens. Les Megatheriidae sont extrêmement diversifiés et deux nouvelles espèces du genre Megatherium font l'objet d'une étude anatomique détaillée. Une analyse phylogénétique des mégathères effectuée sur la base de 35 caractères crâniens et postcrâniens a été réalisée. Un nouveau paresseux singulier est également signalé. Ce mégalonychidé, présente une mosai͏̈que de caractères qu'il est inhabituel de retrouver associés chez un même paresseux et pourrait être mis en relation avec des aptitudes arboricoles. Une analyse phylogénétique préliminaire des Megatherioidea sur la base de 34 caractères crâniens et post-crâniens a été effectuée. Des études stratigraphiques et paléo-environnementales ont été réalisées dans trois sites de mammifères pléistocènes. Les fortes modifications du climat ainsi que l'intervention indirecte de l'homme a peut-être joué un rôle important dans l'extinction de ces mammifères<br>New Tardigrada specimens have been discovered in Pleistocene deposits of Peru. Megatheriidae are extremely diversified and two new Megatherium species were described in detail. A megatheriine phylogenetic analysis has been performed on the basis of 35 cranial and postcranial characters. A new peculiar sloth is also reported. This Megalonychidae shows a mosaic of characters that is unusual to find associated a single in sloth species and could be related to arboreal habits. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Megatherioidea based on 34 cranial and postcranial characters was performed. Stratigraphical and paleoenvironmental studies were performed in three mammal bearing Pleistocene sites. Strong modifications of the climate and the indirect intervention of man may have played an important role in the extinction of these mammals
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Books on the topic "Mammal fossils"

1

Lindsay, Everett H. Pliocene small mammal fossils from Chihuahua, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Instituto de Geológia, 1985.

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Tomida, Yukimitsu. Small mammal fossils and correlation of continental deposits, Safford and Duncan Basins, Arizona, USA. National Science Museum, 1987.

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Graham, Russell W. FAUNMAP: A database documenting Late Quaternary distributions of mammal species in the United States. Illinois State Museum, 1994.

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Untermassfeld: A late early Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) fossil site near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany) and its position in the development of the European mammal fauna. Archaeopress, 2006.

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Kolfschoten, Thijs van. The evolution of the mammal fauna in the Netherlands and the Middle Rhine area (Western Germany) during the late middle pleistocene. Utrecht University, Institute of Earth Sciences, 1990.

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Peter, Andrews. Owls, caves, and fossils: Predation, preservation, and accumulation of small mammal bones in caves, with an analysis of the Pleistocene cave faunas from Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, UK. University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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Peter, Andrews. Owls, caves and fossils: Predation, preservation and accumulation of small mammal bones in caves, with an analysis of the Pleistocene cave faunas from Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, UK. Natural History Museum Publications, 1990.

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ill, Stuart Walter 1955, ed. Reptiles. Wildlife Education, 1989.

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Wexo, John Bonnett. Mammals. Creative Education, 1991.

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Wang, Xiaoming, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius, eds. Fossil Mammals of Asia. Columbia University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/wang15012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mammal fossils"

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Schreiber, H. Dieter, Kristina Eck, and Volker Liebig. "MAUER: The Locality of Mauer and its Virtual Collection of Middle Pleistocene Mammal Fossils." In Paleontological Collections of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77401-5_34.

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Rose, Kenneth D., and Robert J. Emry. "Relationships of Xenarthra, Pholidota, and Fossil “Edentates”: The Morphological Evidence." In Mammal Phylogeny. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9246-0_7.

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Wang, Xiaoming, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius. "Introduction Toward a Continental Asian Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Framework." In Fossil Mammals of Asia, edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius. Columbia University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/wang15012-intro.

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Alvarez Sierra, M. A., M. Díaz Molina, J. I. Lacomba, and N. López Martínez. "Taphonomic and Sedimentary Factors in the Fossil Record of Mammals." In European Neogene Mammal Chronology. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8_26.

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Hopkins, Samantha S. B. "Estimation of Body Size in Fossil Mammals." In Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94265-0_2.

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Flynn, Lawrence J., and Wen-Yu Wu. "Dynamic Small Mammal Assemblages of Yushe Basin." In Late Cenozoic Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province, China: Geology and Fossil Mammals. Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1050-1_16.

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Gentry, A. W. "A fossil Budorcas (Mammalia, Bovidae) from Africa." In Palaeoecology and Palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic Mammals. University of Toronto Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487574154-028.

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"19. NOT QUITE A MAMMAL." In The Story of Life in 25 Fossils. Columbia University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/prot17190-020.

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Kemp, T. S. "Evolution of mammalian biology." In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0007.

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There are large biological differences between the mammals and the primitive living amniotes as represented by turtles, lizards, and crocodiles ● Differentiated dentition with occluding post-canine teeth, and radical reorganisation of jaw musculature to operate them ● Differentiation of vertebral column and limb musculature, and repositioning of limbs to bring feet under the body, increasing agility of locomotion ● Relatively huge brain and highly sensitive sense organs ● Endothermic temperature physiology, with very high metabolic rates, insulation, and high respiratory rates ● Precise osmoregulatory and chemoregulatory abilities using loops of Henle in the kidney and an array of endocrine mechanisms Incomplete as it is, the fossil record of the mammal-like reptiles, or ‘non-mammalian synapsids’ permits the reconstruction of a series of hypothetical intermediate stages that offers considerable insight into how, when, and where this remarkable transition occurred. Deriving these stages starts with a cladogram of the relevant fossils that is then read as an evolutionary tree, with hypothetical ancestors represented by the nodes. The characters that define a node, plus the characters of the previous nodes, constitute the reconstruction. The differences in characters between adjacent nodes represent the evolutionary transitions that by inference occurred, and the whole set of successive nodes generates all that can be inferred about the sequence of acquisition of characters. If a hypothetical ancestral synapsid is placed at the base of the cladogram, and a hypothetical ancestral mammal as the final node, then the set of nodes in between represents everything the fossil record is capable of revealing about the pattern by which mammalian characters evolved: the sequence of their acquisition, the correlations between characters, and possibly the rates of their evolution. Of course, the inferred pattern of evolution of characters is only as reliable as the cladogram which generated it, and that in turn is only as realistic as the model of evolution used in its construction from the character data. And of course, there must have been many intermediate stages in the transition than cannot be reconstructed for want of appropriate fossil representation of those particular grades. Nevertheless, limited as it may be, this is what can be known from the fossil record.
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Kemp, T. S. "3. The origin of mammals." In Mammals: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198766940.003.0003.

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‘The origin of mammals’ considers the evolutionary history of mammals using the fossil record to chart their developmental progress. It looks at a group of ‘pre-mammals’, the Synapsids—mammal-like reptiles—including pelycosaurs from 320 mya in the Upper Carboniferous. Then came the therapsids from c.260 mya in the Middle Permian, when the world was increasingly arid. Then 250 mya a mass extinction event wiped out over 90 per cent of animals and plants. Miraculously, a few therapsids survived including the burrowing dicynodont called Lystrosaurus and cynodonts that evolved throughout the Triassic and gave rise to mammals. The earliest mammal was a mouse-sized animal called Morganucodon from 200 mya.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mammal fossils"

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Loughney, Katharine M., and Catherine Badgley. "TAPHONOMY OF MAMMAL FOSSILS IN THE BARSTOW FORMATION (MIDDLE MIOCENE), SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, IN RELATION TO FACIES AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303704.

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Orcutt, John D., Jonathan J. M. Calede, and Bill D. Richards. "FIRST OCCURENCE OF A MAMMAL FROM THE MID-MIOCENE CLARKIA FOSSIL BEDS." In Rocky Mountain Section - 69th Annual Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017rm-293212.

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DeVore, Melanie L., Yntze van der Hoek, and Kathleen Pigg. "LATEST EARLY EOCENE FOSSIL SEDGES AND THEIR POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP TO GRAZING MAMMAL EVOLUTION." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-357603.

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Wood, Melissa C., K. Christopher Beard, and William J. Sanders. "NEW FOSSILS OF PALAEOAMASIA KANSUI (MAMMALIA, EMBRITHOPODA): IMPLICATIONS FOR EMBRITHOPOD EVOLUTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-332396.

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Berliguzhin, Maxot T., Kazhmurat M. Ahmedenov, and Jamilya B. Yakupova. "PALEONTOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF LARGE MAMMALS IN THE CENOZOIC IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-242-243.

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Gearty, William, Craig R. McClain, and Jonathan L. Payne. "THE EVOLUTION OF AQUATIC MAMMALS TOWARD A UNIVERSAL LARGE SIZE? EVIDENCE FROM PHYLOGENETICS AND FOSSILS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287843.

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Smith, Felisa A., Rosemary E. Elliott Smith, S. Kathleen Lyons, and Jonathan L. Payne. "NO CORRELATION BETWEEN CLIMATE AND EXTINCTION IN THE CENOZOIC FOSSIL RECORD OF MAMMALS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320879.

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Wright, Susannah M., and Laura A. Vietti. "FROM MICROFOSSILS TO MOLARS: TESTING THE APPLICATION OF THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE AUTOMORPH TO FOSSIL MAMMAL TEETH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340436.

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MacFadden, Bruce J., David J. Bohaska, Linda J. McCall, Jeanette Pirlo, and Julie Niederkorn. "THE FOSSIL PROJECT AND CITIZEN SCIENCE: EARLY MIOCENE LAND MAMMALS FROM BELGRADE, NORTH CAROLINA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299061.

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Rodwell, Ben W., Thomas M. Bown, and Kimberly A. Nichols. "PALEOSOL MATURITY, MAMMAL DISTRIBUTION, AND MICROHABITATS AT EARLY EOCENE FOSSIL VERTEBRATE LOCALITIES OF THE WILLWOOD FORMATION (LOWER EOCENE), BIGHORN BASIN, WYOMING." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-279012.

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Reports on the topic "Mammal fossils"

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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Florida's Fossil Mammals. Florida Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.35256/p03.

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