Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mammal interaction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mammal interaction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mammal interaction"

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Zamora-Espinoza, Mayra, Juan Carlos López-Acosta, and Eduardo Mendoza. "Anthropogenic perturbation modifies interactions between mammals and fruits in a tropical forest of southern Mexico." Animal Biology 71, no. 3 (2021): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10056.

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Abstract Studies of tropical mammal defaunation highlight the loss of species as well as their reduction in abundance and diversity; however, there is a complex series of effects associated with this anthropogenic disruption, including increases in the relative abundance of disturbance-tolerant mammals and the arrival of alien mammals whose effects on biotic interactions have been poorly studied. We compared the species richness, composition, interaction strength, and patterns of daily activity of mammals that consume the fruits of Pouteria sapota on the forest floor, both inside and outside of the Los Tuxtlas Field Station (LTFS) in Veracruz, southern Mexico. Using camera traps, we recorded eight mammal species interacting with the fruits inside the LTFS ( trees) and nine species interacting outside ( trees). Alien species such as Canis lupus familiaris were recorded both inside and outside of the LTFS, whereas Bos taurus was only recorded outside. Medium-sized generalist mammals were overrepresented both inside and outside of the LTFS, evidencing an impoverishment of the fauna, when compared to the mammal assemblage reported to interact with P. sapota fruits in a more intact forest. The daily activity patterns of the mammals that interacted strongly with P. sapota fruits were different inside and outside the LTFS, particularly in the case of Cuniculus paca. Our results show that the impact of human activity is highly pervasive, directly affecting the mammalian fauna at different levels and indirectly affecting the biotic interactions in which these animals are involved.
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Asher, S. C., and V. G. Thomas. "Analysis of temporal variation in the diversity of a small mammal community." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 5 (1985): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-166.

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The validity of using single-sample surveys to measure small mammal diversity was assessed by measuring the effect of short-term, temporal variation in species diversity on the spatial diversity of small mammals occupying fencerow habitats. The diversity of small mammals varied seasonally. Interaction between changes in richness and evenness accounted for the temporal variation in diversity. Temporal variation was attributed to the response of the small mammals to seasonal changes in the vegetation, to the fluctuation in meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) captures among seasons, and to the appearance of small numbers of several mammal species during the summer. Significant spatial variation in species diversity existed, but was masked by the effect of seasonal changes in habitat on the small mammals. Erroneous conclusions could therefore be drawn from the pooling of many single-sample surveys of small mammal diversity.
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Dáttilo, Wesley, Nathalia Barrozo‐Chávez, Andrés Lira‐Noriega, et al. "Species‐level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 8 (2020): 1754–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472985.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Traditionally, most studies have described the organization of host–parasite interaction networks by considering only few host groups at limited geographical extents. However, host–parasite relationships are merged within different taxonomic groups and factors shaping these interactions likely differ between host and parasite groups, making group‐level differences important to better understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these interactive communities. Here we used a dataset of 629 ectoparasite species and 251 species of terrestrial mammals, comprising 10 orders distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions of Mexico to assess the species‐level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Specifically, we evaluated whether body weight, geographical range size and within‐range mammal species richness (i.e. diversity field) predict mammal ectoparasite species richness (i.e. degree centrality) and their closeness centrality within the mammal–ectoparasite network. In addition, we also tested if the observed patterns differ among mammal orders and if taxonomic closely related host mammals could more likely share the same set of ectoparasites. We found that ectoparasite species richness of small mammals (mainly rodents) with large proportional range sizes was high compared to large‐bodied mammals, whereas the diversity field of mammals had no predictive value (except for bats). We also observed that taxonomic proximity was a main determinant of the probability to share ectoparasite species. Specifically, the probability to share ectoparasites in congeneric species reached up to 90% and decreased exponentially as the taxonomic distance increased. Further, we also detected that some ectoparasites are generalists and capable to infect mammalian species across different orders and that rodents have a remarkable role in the network structure, being closely connected to many other taxa. Hence, because many rodent species have synanthropic habits they could act as undesired reservoirs of disease agents for humans and urban animals. Considering the reported worldwide phenomenon of the proliferation of rodents accompanying the demographic decrease or even local extinction of large‐bodied mammal species, these organisms may already be an increasing health threat in many regions of the world.
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Dáttilo, Wesley, Nathalia Barrozo‐Chávez, Andrés Lira‐Noriega, et al. "Species‐level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 8 (2020): 1754–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472985.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Traditionally, most studies have described the organization of host–parasite interaction networks by considering only few host groups at limited geographical extents. However, host–parasite relationships are merged within different taxonomic groups and factors shaping these interactions likely differ between host and parasite groups, making group‐level differences important to better understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these interactive communities. Here we used a dataset of 629 ectoparasite species and 251 species of terrestrial mammals, comprising 10 orders distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions of Mexico to assess the species‐level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Specifically, we evaluated whether body weight, geographical range size and within‐range mammal species richness (i.e. diversity field) predict mammal ectoparasite species richness (i.e. degree centrality) and their closeness centrality within the mammal–ectoparasite network. In addition, we also tested if the observed patterns differ among mammal orders and if taxonomic closely related host mammals could more likely share the same set of ectoparasites. We found that ectoparasite species richness of small mammals (mainly rodents) with large proportional range sizes was high compared to large‐bodied mammals, whereas the diversity field of mammals had no predictive value (except for bats). We also observed that taxonomic proximity was a main determinant of the probability to share ectoparasite species. Specifically, the probability to share ectoparasites in congeneric species reached up to 90% and decreased exponentially as the taxonomic distance increased. Further, we also detected that some ectoparasites are generalists and capable to infect mammalian species across different orders and that rodents have a remarkable role in the network structure, being closely connected to many other taxa. Hence, because many rodent species have synanthropic habits they could act as undesired reservoirs of disease agents for humans and urban animals. Considering the reported worldwide phenomenon of the proliferation of rodents accompanying the demographic decrease or even local extinction of large‐bodied mammal species, these organisms may already be an increasing health threat in many regions of the world.
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Sulaksono, Nurpana, Satyawan Pudyatmoko, Sumardi Sumardi, Wahyu Wardhana, and Arief Budiman. "The Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbances on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Medium–Large Mammals in Tropical Volcanic Landscapes." Animals 13, no. 20 (2023): 3217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203217.

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A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of human interactions with mammals is a critical factor in supporting and conserving species in landscapes dominated by humans, which are increasingly threatened. This study aimed to identify the spatial and temporal interactions between humans and mammals. A non-parametric statistical approach with kernel density was used to detect human–mammal temporal interactions. The species interaction factor (SIF) was applied to calculate the spatial overlap based on the two-species occupancy detection model. The activity patterns of medium mammals were nocturnal, diurnal, and cathemeral. The human–medium mammal pairs with SIF values that were <1 and statistically significant included the human–long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) pair, the human–leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) pair, and the human–barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac) pair. Based on their SIF values and the high overlap in their activity times, the human–macaque pairings had a high risk of conflict. Barking deer and leopard cats displayed a coexistence with humans via time-sharing activities. Due to temporal niche variations with human activities, the existence of nocturnal mammals was relatively uninterrupted. This study showed that most mammals are able to adapt spatially and temporally to various human activities. Nonetheless, efforts to mitigate human–wildlife conflict must be maintained, particularly in the case of severely endangered species, such as the Sunda pangolin.
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Wells, K., M. B. Lakim, and J.-C. Beaucournu. "Host specificity and niche partitioning in flea-small mammal networks in Bornean rainforests." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 25, no. 3 (2011): 311–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508425.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The diversity of ectoparasites in Southeast Asia and flea–host associations remain largely understudied. We explore specialization and interaction patterns of fleas infesting non-volant small mammals in Bornean rainforests, using material from a field survey carried out in two montane localities in northwestern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia) and from a literature database of all available interactions in both lowland and montane forests. A total of 234 flea individuals collected during our field survey resulted in an interaction network of eight flea species on seven live-captured small mammal species. The interaction network from all compiled studies currently includes 15 flea species and 16 small mammal species. Host specificity and niche partitioning of fleas infesting diurnal treeshrews and squirrels were low, with little difference in specialization among taxa, but host specificity in lowland forests was found to be higher than in montane forests. By contrast, Sigmactenus alticola (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae) exhibited low host specificity by infesting various montane and lowland nocturnal rats. However, this species exhibited low niche partitioning as it was the only commonly recorded flea from rats on Borneo. Overall complementary specialization was of intermediate intensity for both networks and differed significantly from random association; this has important implications for specific interactions that are also relevant to the potential spread of vector-borne diseases.
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Wells, K., M. B. Lakim, and J.-C. Beaucournu. "Host specificity and niche partitioning in flea-small mammal networks in Bornean rainforests." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 25, no. 3 (2011): 311–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508425.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The diversity of ectoparasites in Southeast Asia and flea–host associations remain largely understudied. We explore specialization and interaction patterns of fleas infesting non-volant small mammals in Bornean rainforests, using material from a field survey carried out in two montane localities in northwestern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia) and from a literature database of all available interactions in both lowland and montane forests. A total of 234 flea individuals collected during our field survey resulted in an interaction network of eight flea species on seven live-captured small mammal species. The interaction network from all compiled studies currently includes 15 flea species and 16 small mammal species. Host specificity and niche partitioning of fleas infesting diurnal treeshrews and squirrels were low, with little difference in specialization among taxa, but host specificity in lowland forests was found to be higher than in montane forests. By contrast, Sigmactenus alticola (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae) exhibited low host specificity by infesting various montane and lowland nocturnal rats. However, this species exhibited low niche partitioning as it was the only commonly recorded flea from rats on Borneo. Overall complementary specialization was of intermediate intensity for both networks and differed significantly from random association; this has important implications for specific interactions that are also relevant to the potential spread of vector-borne diseases.
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Marion, Solène, Gonçalo Curveira Santos, Emily Herdman, Anne Hubbs, Sean Patrick Kearney, and A. Cole Burton. "Mammal responses to human recreation depend on landscape context." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0300870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300870.

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Rapid growth in outdoor recreation may have important and varied effects on terrestrial mammal communities. Few studies have investigated factors influencing variation in observed responses of multiple mammal species to recreation. We used data from 155 camera traps, in western Alberta (Canada), and a hierarchical Bayesian community modelling framework to document 15 mammal species responses to recreation, test for differential responses between predators and prey, and evaluate the influence of local context. Factors characterizing context were trail designation (i.e., use by motorized vs non-motorized), management type, forest cover, landscape disturbance, and season. We used three measures to characterize variation in recreation pressure: distance to trail, trail density, and an index of recreation intensity derived from the platform Strava. We found limited evidence for strong or consistent effects of recreation on mammal space use. However, mammal space use was better explained by an interaction between recreation and the influencing factors than by either on their own. The strongest interaction was between trail density and management type; mammals were more likely to avoid sites near a higher density of trails in areas with more restrictive management. We found that responses to recreation varied with the trail designation, although there were not clear or consistent differences between responses to trails designated for motorized vs. non-motorized use. Overall, we found that responses were species- and context-dependent. Limiting the density of trails may be important for reducing negative impacts to mammals within conservation areas. We show that using multiple measures of recreation yields more insight into the varied effects of human disturbances on wildlife. We recommend investigating how different characteristics of recreation (noise, speed, and visibility) influence animal behaviors. Multispecies monitoring and modelling across multiple landscapes that vary in recreation pressure can lead to an adaptive management approach to ensuring outdoor recreation coexistence with wildlife.
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Bell, Catherine, Peter Shaughnessy, Margie Morrice, and Bob Stanley. "Marine mammals and Japanese long-line fishing vessels in Australian waters: operational interactions and sightings." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 1 (2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060031.

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Observers from the Australian Fisheries Management Authority worked on randomly chosen Japanese long-line vessels in the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) between 1980 and 1997. Observer reports (n = 451) were inspected for interactions or sightings of marine mammals. An operational interaction was defined as an activity or behaviour that involved direct contact between a marine mammal and fishing gear, bait, target fish or bycatch, or indications that the marine mammal was feeding. A sighting was defined as the recording of marine mammals that passed the vessel without changing course and/or did not appear to interact with the vessel or its gear. Observers witnessed 23 interactions and made another 44 sightings of marine mammals. A further 24 interactions and sightings were relayed by crew members. Killer whales were reported most frequently: most incidences of fish being damaged, taken or frightened away were attributed to them. Eleven marine mammals were caught: two died, seven were released, and the fate of two others was not recorded. Between 1991 and 1996, when observer coverage was 11.5% overall in the AFZ, the incidence of interactions was 1.71 per million hooks set. The estimated number of interactions in that seven-year period was 157 in the AFZ. Since 1997, the long-line fishery has been conducted by Australian vessels, primarily off the east coast of mainland Australia in warm-temperate waters. A higher proportion of interactions can be expected with killer whales and short-finned pilot whales in these waters, and fewer with seals.
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Colman, N. J., C. E. Gordon, M. S. Crowther, and M. Letnic. "Lethal control of an apex predator has unintended cascading effects on forest mammal assemblages." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1782 (2014): 20133094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3094.

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Disruption to species-interaction networks caused by irruptions of herbivores and mesopredators following extirpation of apex predators is a global driver of ecosystem reorganization and biodiversity loss. Most studies of apex predators' ecological roles focus on effects arising from their interactions with herbivores or mesopredators in isolation, but rarely consider how the effects of herbivores and mesopredators interact. Here, we provide evidence that multiple cascade pathways induced by lethal control of an apex predator, the dingo, drive unintended shifts in forest ecosystem structure. We compared mammal assemblages and understorey structure at seven sites in southern Australia. Each site comprised an area where dingoes were poisoned and an area without control. The effects of dingo control on mammals scaled with body size. Activity of herbivorous macropods, arboreal mammals and a mesopredator, the red fox, were greater, but understorey vegetation sparser and abundances of small mammals lower, where dingoes were controlled. Structural equation modelling suggested that both predation by foxes and depletion of understorey vegetation by macropods were related to small mammal decline at poisoned sites. Our study suggests that apex predators’ suppressive effects on herbivores and mesopredators occur simultaneously and should be considered in tandem in order to appreciate the extent of apex predators’ indirect effects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammal interaction"

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Ferry, Nicolas. "Processes involved in the functioning of large mammal communities : the role of the African elephant in the ecology of predator-prey relationships." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1054/document.

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Les communautés écologiques sont connues pour être des systèmes complexes composés de multiple espèces entrant en interaction les unes avec les autres. De nombreux modèles théoriques ont été développés pour étudier les communautés. Certains ont souligné l'importance des effets indirects que les espèces pouvaient avoir les unes sur les autres, tels que les chaînes d'interactions et les modifications d'interactions (par modification du trait d'une des espèces en interaction ou de l'environnement où se déroule l'interaction). Bien que la science expérimentale vienne confirmer le rôle fondamental que pourrait avoir ces effets indirects, peu d'études à l'échelle des communautés en milieu naturel ont été conduites, et encore moins chez les grands mammifères. Le Parc National de Hwange, au Zimbabwe, est un écosystème de savane arborée semiaride caractérisé par une quasi-absence d'eau de surface naturelle (point d'eau, rivière) pendant la saison sèche, et ce n'est qu'avec la création de points d'eau artificiels pompés que la richesse spécifique des communautés de grands mammifères et les fortes abondances animales sont maintenues. De plus, cet écosystème a la remarquable particularité à la fois d'abriter l'une des plus fortes densités d'éléphants, et d'être considéré comme l'un des bastions africains pour sa population de lions. Le lion est connu comme étant un chasseur à l'affût, utilisant les éléments de son habitat (fourrés, souches, hautes herbes, etc.) pour se rapprocher au maximum de sa proie et lui bondir dessus par surprise. De plus, cette espèce semble profiter de l'agrégation des herbivores aux points d'eau pendant la saison sèche pour chasser autour de ces points d'eau. L'éléphant d'Afrique quant à lui est capable d'aménager son milieu et est ainsi susceptible de favoriser l'accès à certaines ressources pour les autres espèces, telles que des abris ou au contraire une meilleure visibilité. En revanche, de par sa masse corporelle exceptionnelle et son régime alimentaire généraliste, il est possible qu'il soit un compétiteur clé pour les autres herbivores. Enfin, étant très nombreux dans l'écosystème étudié, nécessitant de grandes quantités d'eau, et devenant de plus en plus agressifs au fil de la saison sèche, les éléphants influencent l'utilisation des points d'eau par les autres herbivores. Cette thèse porte donc sur le rôle que peuvent avoir les éléphants sur les interactions trophiques entre les lions et leurs proies, via des mécanismes d'effets indirects. Différents axes de recherche sont abordés. Le premier porte sur l'effet des éléphants sur la communauté de grands herbivores aux points d'eau, et plus particulièrement comment ils peuvent influencer leur distribution spatiale, et à terme leur vulnérabilité vis-à-vis des prédateurs. Un évitement spatial des éléphants par les autres herbviores en début de saison sèche suggère fortement que les éléphants sont de potentiels compétiteurs. Cependant, à la fin de la saison sèche, le phénomène s'inverse et certaines espèces d'herbivores se rapprochent fortement des éléphants. Deux scénarios portant sur les mécanismes pouvant expliquer ce patron ont été explorés, sans succès : une nécessité croissante d'accéder à de l'eau de meilleure qualité au niveau des pompes des points d'eau, et une augmentation du risque de prédation qui pourrait rendre les éléphants « attractifs » aux yeux des herbivores, les éléphants adultes étant invulnérables à la prédation et capables de les faire fuir par des comportements de harcèlement. Le deuxième axe de recherche porte sur l'effet des éléphants sur la distribution spatiale des herbivores à l'échelles du paysage et de l'habitat, et sur les conséquences possibles que cela peut avoir sur l'écologie spatiale des prédateurs. L'absence de ségrégation entre éléphants et herbivores ne supporte pas l'hypothèse d'un effet de compétition par exploitation, et l'investigation quant à l'effet sur les prédateurs n'a pas été poussée plus avant... [etc]<br>Species can indirectly affect other species and their interactions. The trophic interaction between a predator and its prey can be modified by the presence of a third species either through chain interactions (e.g. successive predation link) either through interaction modification. However, these indirect received few attentions in theorical modelling of food web, and fewer studies tried to explore this phenomenon at the scale of natural complex communities of large mammals. The role of the elephants as modifier of lion’s trophic interaction is explored in the semi-arid woodland savannah ecosystem of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. African elephants, as key competitor (male body mass ~ 4000 kg with aggressive behaviour) shape the behaviour of herbivores at waterholes results do not allow to state on the elephant mediation of lion trophic interaction at waterholes. In addition, elephants seem to facilitate the availability of food resources for impalas, possibly by increasing regrowth of shoots by breaking twigs and stem, as these last select habitats used by elephants. However, not effect of facilitation or competition were observed for the other herbivores, which lead to think that elephants do not influence lion trophic interaction in that way. Finally, by altering the physical environment (i.e. engineer species) the elephants affect the visibility and ambush sites for lions in the woody vegetation and ultimately seem to influence the lion kill site selection. This study suggests that indirect effects may act at the community level even if their observation and quantification are difficult in natural communities. Moreover, it supports the observation that it is important to take into account these indirect effects in order to have a thorough understanding and have a better ability to predict the consequences that disruptions may have on the structure and functioning of communities
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Northridge, Simon Patrick. "Interactions between fisheries and marine mammals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46474.

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Jaaman, Saifullah A. "Marine mammal distribution and interactions with fisheries in East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430421.

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This study aimed to provide scientific information on the status of marine mammals and threats from directed takes and incidental catches in fisheries in East Malaysia. Recommendations for the conservation of the animals and guidelines for further research are also provided. All available information on sightings, strandings, skeletal remains and threats to the marine mammals in East Malaysia prior to this study were reviewed.  A series of broad and aerial sighting surveys was conducted in the marine and fluvial waters.  The objective was to explore and observe marine mammals at sea, and to describe the present species composition, distribution and density. In conclusion, this study showed that marine mammals in East Malaysian waters are diverse. Dugongs and small citations are facing threats from by-catches in fisheries, declining fisheries resources, habitat loss and degradation, pollution, heavy vessel traffic and rapid urban and industrial development along its coastline.  In Sabah, traditional hunting for meat, illegal trawling in estuarine and riverine waters, and dynamite fishing are particularly detrimental to the species and their habitats.  Without an immediate, committed and concerted effort to educate the public, monitor fisheries, enforce conservation laws and conduct detailed assessment of the dugong and small cetacean populations and their habitats, there may be little hope to reduce or eliminate the threats and to maintain their present numbers in the waters of East Malaysia.
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Elmouttie, David. "Utilisation of seed resources by small mammals : a two-way interaction." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30239/1/David_Elmouttie_Thesis.pdf.

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Within the Australian wet tropics bioregion, only 900 000 hectares of once continuous rainforest habitat between Townsville and Cooktown now remains. While on the Atherton Tableland, only 4% of the rainforest that once occurred there remains today with remnant vegetation now forming a matrix of rainforest dispersed within agricultural land (sugarcane, banana, orchard crops, townships and pastoral land). Some biologists have suggested that remnants often support both faunal and floral communities that differ significantly from remaining continuous forest. Australian tropical forests possess a relatively high diversity of native small mammal species particularly rodents, which unlike larger mammalian and avian frugivores elsewhere, have been shown to be resilient to the effects of fragmentation, patch isolation and reduction in patch size. While small mammals often become the dominant mammalian frugivores, in terms of their relative abundance, the relationship that exists between habitat diversity and structure, and the impacts of small mammal foraging within fragmented habitat patches in Australia, is still poorly understood. The relationship between foraging behaviour and demography of two small mammal species, Rattus fuscipes and Melomys cervinipes, and food resources in fragmented rainforest sites, were investigated in the current study. Population densities of both species were strongly related with overall density of seed resources in all rainforest fragments. The distribution of both mammal species however, was found to be independent of the distribution of seed resources. Seed utilisation trials indicated that M.cervinipes and R.fuscipes had less impact on seed resources (extent of seed harvesting) than did other rainforest frugivores. Experimental feeding trials demonstrated that in 85% of fruit species tested, rodent feeding increased seed germination by a factor of 3.5 suggesting that in Australian tropical rainforest remnants, small mammals may play a significant role in enhancing germination of large seeded fruits. This study has emphasised the role of small mammals in tropical rainforest systems in north eastern Australia, in particular, the role that they play within isolated forest fragments where larger frugivorous species may be absent.
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Elmouttie, David. "Utilisation of seed resources by small mammals : a two-way interaction." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30239/.

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Within the Australian wet tropics bioregion, only 900 000 hectares of once continuous rainforest habitat between Townsville and Cooktown now remains. While on the Atherton Tableland, only 4% of the rainforest that once occurred there remains today with remnant vegetation now forming a matrix of rainforest dispersed within agricultural land (sugarcane, banana, orchard crops, townships and pastoral land). Some biologists have suggested that remnants often support both faunal and floral communities that differ significantly from remaining continuous forest. Australian tropical forests possess a relatively high diversity of native small mammal species particularly rodents, which unlike larger mammalian and avian frugivores elsewhere, have been shown to be resilient to the effects of fragmentation, patch isolation and reduction in patch size. While small mammals often become the dominant mammalian frugivores, in terms of their relative abundance, the relationship that exists between habitat diversity and structure, and the impacts of small mammal foraging within fragmented habitat patches in Australia, is still poorly understood. The relationship between foraging behaviour and demography of two small mammal species, Rattus fuscipes and Melomys cervinipes, and food resources in fragmented rainforest sites, were investigated in the current study. Population densities of both species were strongly related with overall density of seed resources in all rainforest fragments. The distribution of both mammal species however, was found to be independent of the distribution of seed resources. Seed utilisation trials indicated that M.cervinipes and R.fuscipes had less impact on seed resources (extent of seed harvesting) than did other rainforest frugivores. Experimental feeding trials demonstrated that in 85% of fruit species tested, rodent feeding increased seed germination by a factor of 3.5 suggesting that in Australian tropical rainforest remnants, small mammals may play a significant role in enhancing germination of large seeded fruits. This study has emphasised the role of small mammals in tropical rainforest systems in north eastern Australia, in particular, the role that they play within isolated forest fragments where larger frugivorous species may be absent.
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Habieb-Mammar, Halima Prévot Patrick Tarpin-Bernard Franck. "EDPHA un Environnement de Développement et de Présentation d'Hyperdocuments Adaptatifs /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=habieb-mammar.

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Wang, Jeffrey Bond. "Modelling Mechanical Interactions Between Cancerous Mammary Acini." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398530.

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The rules and mechanical forces governing cell motility and interactions with the extracellular matrix of a tissue are often critical for understanding the mechanisms by which breast cancer is able to spread through the breast tissue and eventually metastasize. Ex vivo experimentation has demonstrated the the formation of long collagen fibers through collagen gels between the cancerous mammary acini responsible for milk production, providing a fiber scaffolding along which cancer cells can disorganize. We present a minimal mechanical model that serves as a potential explanation for the formation of these collagen fibers and the resultant motion. Our working hypothesis is that cancerous cells induce this fiber formation by pulling on the gel and taking advantage of the specific mechanical properties of collagen. To model this system, we present a hybrid method where we employ a new Eulerian, fixed grid simulation known as the Reference Map Method to model the collagen as a nonlinear viscoelastic material coupled with a multi-agent model to describe individual cancer cells. We find that these phenomena can be explained two simple ideas: cells pull collagen radially inwards and move towards the tension gradient of the collagen gel, while being exposed to standard adhesive and collision forces. From a computational perspective, we hope that our work can serve as a generalizable framework for future theoretical studies of the mechanical interactions between a large number of cells and a dynamic environment.
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Cusack, Jeremy. "From inventories to interactions : inferring mammal community patterns and processes from camera trap data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:514d26a4-ef9e-4c21-b6a7-7a56588f68ed.

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The deployment of camera traps, which automatically take pictures of wild animals moving in front of them, is now routinely used to survey terrestrial mammal communities worldwide. The resulting photographic data are used to answer questions relating to the richness and structure of mammal communities, the density of their component species, and how the latter might interact. This thesis fills key methodological gaps in how these questions are addressed. My first data chapter assesses how the exact placement of camera traps on natural game trails influences the characterisation of community richness, composition and structure in an east African savannah landscape. I find that a trail-based placement strategy leads to more species being detected more rapidly relative to a random one, and increases capture rates for carnivore species in particular. In contrast, I reveal in Chapter 3 how a non-random camera trap placement strategy can bias estimates of absolute density for an unmarked large carnivore, the lion Panthera leo, obtained using an ideal gas model approach. Chapter 4 considers spatiotemporal patterns in camera trap data, and to what extent they can be used to infer on the kleptoparasitic and predatory tendencies of spotted hyenas and lions, respectively, in Tanzania's Ruaha landscape. I find patterns to be generally uninformative, and so, in Chapter 5, turn to another method of collecting spatiotemporal data, Global Positioning Satellite telemetry, to make inferences on the spatial response of elk to wolves in Yellowstone National park. I find no evidence for a significant spatial avoidance of wolves by elk, suggesting that species interactions may not always lead to measurable spatial patterns. Nevertheless, in my final chapter, I use an individual-based modelling framework to simulate different types of prey responses to predator movement in the absence of confounding factors, and find that a huge amount of camera trapping effort would be required to distinguish between them. This thesis highlights how camera trap placement can affect the description of mammal communities and the estimation of species density. It also shows that we cannot rely solely on spatiotemporal patterns derived from camera traps to make inferences on complex interactive processes.
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Deme, Justin. "Protein-protein interactions for early intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism in mammals." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123014.

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Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a water soluble vitamin required as cofactor for two mammalian enzymatic processes: homocysteine remethylation to methionine in the cytoplasm using methionine synthase (MS), and fatty acid/amino acid metabolism in the mitochondrion using methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). Whereas the molecular nature of intracellular cobalamin metabolism in mammals remains poorly understood, the proteins MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBD1 and ABCD4 are implicated in its early uptake and processing. Due to the inherent challenges associated with the cellular utilization of cobalamin, we propose that these proteins mediate its early intracellular channeling; the objective of this thesis was to characterize the protein-protein interactions that coordinate this process.To gain insight into the function of MMADHC, recombinant isoforms were purified and low-resolution structural features were determined. MMADHC is monomeric and, in solution, adopts an extended conformation, with regions of disorder identified at the N-terminal domain. Panning combinatorial phage libraries against recombinant MMADHC allowed the mapping of putative sites of interaction on MMACHC. Kinetic analyses using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed a sub-micromolar affinity for the MMACHC–MMADHC interaction. Based on these studies, we propose that the function of MMADHC is exerted through its structured C-terminal domain via interactions with MMACHC in the cytoplasm.Clinical phenotypes and subcellular location of MS and MCM dictate that MMACHC functions in the cytoplasm while MMADHC functions at a branch point in the pathway in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. To demonstrate that the MMACHC–MMADHC interaction is physiologically plausible, we used immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation to confirm that MMACHC is cytoplasmic while MMADHC is dual-localized to the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Protein interaction analyses were extended by describing the recombinant production of the lysosomal membrane proteins LMBD1 and ABCD4. Detergent-solubilized LMBD1 and ABCD4 each formed homodimers in solution. SPR provided direct in vitro binding data for an LMBD1–ABCD4 interaction with low nanomolar affinity. Consistent with our phage display predictions, MMACHC interacted with LMBD1 and ABCD4 with high affinity.Our results support a model whereby membrane-bound LMBD1 and ABCD4 regulate the vectorial delivery of lysosomal cobalamin to cytoplasmic MMACHC, preventing cofactor dilution to the cytoplasmic milieu and protecting against inactivating side reactions. Subsequent formation of a cytoplasmic MMACHC–MMADHC complex then processes and partitions this cofactor to the downstream enzymes MCM and MS. These studies identify and characterize multiprotein complexes, advancing our basic understanding of early intracellular cobalamin metabolism.<br>La vitamine B12, ou bien la cobalamine, est une vitamine soluble requise pour deux processus enzymatiques distincts chez les mammifères; la production de l'acide aminée méthionine par la méthionine synthase (MS), et le métabolisme d'acides gras et d'acides aminées par la méthylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). Malgré le fait que les procédées métaboliques intracellulaires de la cobalamine restes peu bien caractérisés, les protéines dont MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBD1, et ABCD4 jouent un rôle dans l'acquisition et le traitement de ce cofacteur. Vu les difficultés intrinsèques de l'utilisation cellulaire de la cobalamine, nous proposons que ces protéines assurent l'efficacité de son canalisation. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de caractériser les interactions protéine-protéine impliquées dans ce processus.Pour pouvoir caractériser la fonction de MMADHC, des isoformes protéiques ont été purifiées et leurs traits structurales ont étés déterminés à basse résolution. MMADHC se trouve à être monomérique et adopte une conformation étendue en solution, avec des régions non structurées dans la terminaison aminée de la protéine. Ensuite, des librairies combinatoires de phages ont été utilisées comme substrats pour tracer des sites d'interactions potentiels avec MMADHC. Les analyses kinésiques des interactions MMACHC–MMADHC ont été faites à l'aide de la résonance plasmonique de surface (SPR) et ont confirmées une intéraction d'affinité sub-micromolaire. Avec ces résultats, nous proposons que la fonction de MMADHC se fasse par sa terminaison acidique en interagissant avec MMACHC dans le cytoplasme.Les phénotypes cliniques et la localisation subcellulaire de MS et de MCM envisagent que MMACHC joue un rôle dans le cytoplasme et que MMADHC se trouve à être impliquée dans le processus au niveau de la mitochondrie et du milieu cytoplasmique. Pour démontrer que l'interaction MMACHC–MMADHC est physiologique, nous avons utilisé l'immunofluorescence et la fractionnement subcellulaire pour confirmer que MMACHC est cytoplasmique et que MMADHC se retrouvent au cytoplasme et au mitochondrie.Des analyses protéiques ont également engendré LMBD1 et ABCD4. Solubilisés à l'aide de détergent, ces deux protéines prennent la conformation d'homodimères en solution. Une interaction d'affinité nanomolaire entre LMBD1 et ABCD4 a été confirmée en SPR. En lien avec nos analyses de phages, MMACHC interagit avec haute affinité avec LMBD1 et ABCD4.Nos résultats supportent un modèle dans lequel LMBD1 et ABCD4, tous deux liés dans la membrane, régularisent l'octroi de la cobalamine lysosomale à MMACHC en prévenant la dilution de ce cofacteur dans le milieu cytoplasmique et en protégeant contre des réactions inactivant. La dissociation et le recrutement de la MMADHC cytoplasmique à MMACHC facilitent le transfert de la cobalamine vers les réactions enzymatiques catalysées par MCM et MS. L'identification et la caractérisation de ces complexes multiprotéiques font en sorte d'avancer nos connaissances générales sur le métabolisme de la cobalamine.
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Perkovich, Cynthia L. "Responses of oaks to mammal and insect herbivory." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619098714170774.

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Books on the topic "Mammal interaction"

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J, Wilde Colin, Peaker Malcolm, Knight Christopher H, and Hannah Symposium on Intercellular Signalling in the Mammary Gland (1994 : Ayr, Scotland), eds. Intercellular signalling in the mammary gland. Plenum Press, 1995.

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United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. and United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration., eds. Proposed regime to govern interactions between marine mammals and commercial fishing operations. National Marine Fisheries Service, 1992.

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1947-, Fox John W., Smith Calvin B. 1940-, and Wilkins Kenneth T. 1953-, eds. Proboscidean and Paleoindian interactions. Markham Press Fund of Baylor University Press, 1992.

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Wilde, Colin J. Intercellular Signalling in the Mammary Gland. Springer US, 1995.

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Laat, S. W. de 1945-, Bluemink J. G. 1935-, Mummery C. L. 1953-, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Cell to cell signals in mammalian development. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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International Symposium on Binding Proteins (2nd 1987 University of Turin). Steroid-protein interactions: Basic and clinical aspects. New York Academy of Sciences, 1988.

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Wynne, Kate. Marine mammal interactions with the salmon drift gillnet fishery on the Copper River Delta, Alaska, 1988-1989. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1990.

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Eunice, Li-Chan, ed. Hydrophobic interactions in food systems. CRC Press, 1988.

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Workshop, on Measures to Address Marine Mammal/Fisheries Interactions in California (1986 San Francisco Calif ). Workshop on Measures to Address Marine Mammal/Fisheries Interactions in California: Fort Mason Center, San Francisco, California, March 26-28, 1986. Marine Mammal Commission, 1986.

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R, Reeves Randall, and United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Office of Protected Resources., eds. Acoustic deterrance of harmful marine mammal-fishery interactions: Proceedings of a workshop held in Seattle, Washington, 20-22 March 1996. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Office of Protected Resources, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mammal interaction"

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Krstić, Radivoj V. "Partly Hypothetical Representation of the Interaction Between Actin and Myosin Myofilaments in Relaxed and Contracted Myofibrils (Modified after HAM 1974 and MOREL and PINSET-HÄRSTRÖM 1975)." In General Histology of the Mammal. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70420-8_131.

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Maust-Mohl, Maria. "Studying Marine Mammal Behavior—Who Says Academic Careers Are Dry?" In Career Paths in Human-Animal Interaction for Social and Behavioral Scientists. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429347283-16.

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James, Neil A., and Anika Große. "Marine Mammals and Interactions with Debris in the Northeastern Atlantic Region: Synthesis and Recommendations for Monitoring and Research." In Marine Plastics: Innovative Solutions to Tackling Waste. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31058-4_1.

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AbstractMarine plastic pollution is a global problem, affecting a wide variety of marine organisms through the processes of ingestion and entanglement. Despite numerous reports of entanglement and ingestion of plastic debris by marine mammals, there is a lack of clear understanding regarding the spatial distribution and drivers of interactions between marine mammals and marine plastics in the northeastern Atlantic area. To address this, we undertook a synthesis of the published and grey literature in order to acquire information on known documented cases of ingestion of, or entanglement with, debris relating to marine mammals. We found that 62% of the 37 species present in the region were reported to have either ingested, or become entangled in, debris. There was a predominance of threadlike plastic related to entanglement, but it was also present in the ingestion data. However, we observed a great deal of inconsistency regarding the reporting of marine mammal–debris interactions. We therefore highlight the need for and recommend the development of a standardised approach to recording debris interacting with marine mammals.
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Koss, Mikołaj, Martin Stjernstedt, Iwona Pawliczka, Anja Reckendorf, and Ursula Siebert. "Whaling, Seal Hunting and the Effect of Fisheries on Marine Mammals." In Marine Mammals. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2_3.

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AbstractThere are various types of interactions between marine mammals and fisheries, and their presence in the same area inevitably leads to conflicts. Marine mammals may lose their lives as bycatch, which is the incidental catch of non-target species in fishing gear. On the other hand, some marine mammals specialise in feeding on fish caught in fishing gear, resulting in damaged and reduced catch as well as destroyed fishing gear. There are different methods to reduce bycatch and catch damage, such as reducing fishing efforts, using acoustic deterrent devices, employing temporal and zonal closure of fishing areas and using alternative fishing gear. Here we give an overview of whaling and sealing from historical and present perspectives, with examples for Baltic marine mammals. We present hands-on activities to familiarise students and teachers with investigations of prey remains, such as otoliths (fish ear stones) found in faeces, to learn about marine mammal diet. Additionally, we introduce a whaling role play designed as a debate between interest groups, to better understand whaling from different perspectives.
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Bonde, Robert K., and Mark Flint. "Human Interactions with Sirenians (Manatees and Dugongs)." In Marine Mammal Welfare. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17.

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Parsons, E. C. M., and Danielle Monaghan-Brown. "From Hunting to Watching: Human Interactions with Cetaceans." In Marine Mammal Welfare. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_5.

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Atwood, Todd C., Kristin Simac, Stewart W. Breck, Geoff York, and James Wilder. "Human–Polar Bear Interactions in a Changing Arctic: Existing and Emerging Concerns." In Marine Mammal Welfare. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_22.

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Schweizer, Anja, and Klaus Schröppel. "Experimental Infection of Rodent Mammals for Fungal Virulence Testing." In Host-Pathogen Interactions. Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-204-5_12.

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Crespo, Enrique A., and Martín A. Hall. "Interactions Between Aquatic Mammals and Humans in the Context of Ecosystem Management." In Marine Mammals. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0529-7_13.

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Miller, Fred R., and Gloria H. Heppner. "Interaction of Mammary Tumor Subpopulations." In Cellular and Molecular Biology of Mammary Cancer. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0943-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mammal interaction"

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Zhang, Muqing, Qiule Sun, Yutong Han, and Jianxin Zhang. "Edge-interaction Mamba Network for MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889470.

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Wang, Haoyu, Tao Chen, Mingyang Yang, and Guimin Jia. "FvMamba: Super-Resolution Reconstruction Technology of Finger Vein Based on UNet-Like Mamba." In 2024 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Human-Computer Interaction (ICHCI). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ichci63580.2024.10808045.

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Chen, Xuxin, Jingchu Chen, Xiaoqian Chen, Judy Gichoya, Hari Trivedi, and Xiaofeng Yang. "LLaVA-Mammo: adapting LLaVA for interactive and interpretable breast cancer assessment." In Imaging Informatics, edited by Shandong Wu. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3049182.

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Zhang, Lin, Zi Liu, Jia-Hao Chen, and Xuan Xiao. "DLMM-DTI: Deep Learning-Based Mamba Model for Drug-Target Interaction Binary Classification Prediction." In 2024 2nd International Conference on Computer, Vision and Intelligent Technology (ICCVIT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvit63928.2024.10872591.

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Wu, Lanxin, Jiangtao Peng, Bing Yang, Weiwei Sun, and Zhijing Ye. "SSMIF: Enhanced Spatial-Spectral Mamba Interactive Fusion Network for Hyperspectral Change Detection." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Signal, Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsidp62679.2024.10868119.

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Guzas, Emily L., Stephen E. Turner, Matthew Babina, Brandon Casper, Thomas N. Fetherston, and Joseph M. Ambrico. "Validation of a Surrogate Model for Marine Mammal Lung Dynamics Under Underwater Explosive Impulse." In ASME 2019 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2019-5143.

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Abstract Primary blast injury (PBI), which relates gross blast-related trauma or traces of injury in air-filled tissues or those tissues adjacent to air-filled regions (rupture/lesions, contusions, hemorrhaging), has been documented in a number of marine mammal species after blast exposure [1, 2, 3]. However, very little is known about marine mammal susceptibility to PBI except in rare cases of opportunistic studies. As a result, traditional techniques rely on analyses using small-scale terrestrial mammals as surrogates for large-scale marine mammals. For an In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), researchers at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport (NUWCDIVNPT), have undertaken a broad 3-year effort to integrate computational fluid-structure interaction techniques with marine mammal anatomical structure. The intent is to numerically simulate the dynamic response of a marine mammal thoracic cavity and air-filled lungs to shock loading, to enhance understanding of marine mammal lungs to shock loading in the underwater environment. In the absence of appropriate test data from live marine mammals, a crucial part of this work involves code validation to test data for a suitable surrogate test problem. This research employs a surrogate of an air-filled spherical membrane structure subjected to shock loading as a first order approximation to understanding marine mammal lung response to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This approach incrementally improves upon the currently used one-dimensional spherical air bubble approximation to marine mammal lung response by providing an encapsulating boundary for the air. The encapsulating structure is membranous, with minimal simplified representation not accounting for marine mammal species-specific and individual animal differences in tissue composition, rib mechanics, and mechanical properties of interior lung tissue. NUWCDIVNPT partnered with the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) to design and execute a set of experiments to investigate the shock response of an air-filled rubber dodgeball in a shallow underwater environment. These tests took place in the 2.13 m (7-ft) diameter pressure tank at the University of Rhode Island, with test measurements including pressure data and digital image correlation (DIC) data captured with high-speed cameras in a stereo setup. The authors developed 3-dimensional computational models of the dodgeball experiments using Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS), a Navy fluid-structure interaction code. DYSMAS models of a variety of different problems involving submerged pressure vessel structures responding to hydrostatic and/or UNDEX loading have been validated against test data [4]. Proper validation of fluid structure interaction simulations is quite challenging, requiring measurements in both the fluid and structure domains. This paper details the development of metrics for comparison between test measurements and simulation results, with a discussion of potential sources of uncertainty.
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Bushuiev, S. G. "Interactions of dolphins with commercial fishing trawlers in the northwestern Black Sea." In Marine Mammals of the Holarctic. RPO "Marine Mammal Council", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-8-2-2023-62-70.

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Yu, Xiao, Richard L. Blackmon, Patricia Carabas-Hernendez, Ashley Fuller, Melissa A. Troester, and Amy L. Oldenburg. "Quantification of mammary organoid toxicant response and mammary tissue motility using OCT fluctuation spectroscopy (Conference Presentation)." In Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXVII, edited by E. Duco Jansen. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2211461.

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Izzo, Franco, María C. Díaz Flaqué, Rocío Vicario, et al. "Abstract 2281: GATA3 and progestin interaction in mammary cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2281.

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Lozy, Fred J., Anupama Reddy, Gregory Miles, Gyan Bhanot, Shridar Ganesan, and Vassiliki Karantza. "Abstract 3777: Autophagy and HER2 interaction in mammary tumorigenesis." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3777.

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Reports on the topic "Mammal interaction"

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Dickson, Robert B. TGFa-myc Interactions in Mammary Tumorigenesis. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360094.

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Dickson, Robert B. TGFa-myc Interactions in Mammary Tumorigenesis. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada334931.

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Dickson, Robert B. TGFa-myc Interactions in Mammary Tumorigenesis. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301626.

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Strayer, David S. Mammary Tumor Development: Stromal-Epithelial Interactions in Oncogenesis. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382595.

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Gordon, Dalia, Ke Dong, and Michael Gurevitz. Unexpected Specificity of a Sea Anemone Small Toxin for Insect Na-channels and its Synergic Effects with Various Insecticidal Ligands: A New Model to Mimic. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697114.bard.

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Motivated by the high risks to the environment and human health imposed by the current overuse of chemical insecticides we offer an alternative approach for the design of highly active insect-selective compounds that will be based on the ability of natural toxins to differentiate between insect and mammalian targets. We wish to unravel the interacting surfaces of insect selective toxins with their receptor sites on voltage-gated sodium channels. In this proposal we put forward two recent observations that may expedite the development of a new generation of insect killers that mimic the highly selective insecticidal toxins: (i) A small (27aa) highly insecticidal sea anemone toxin, Av3, whose toxicity to mammals is negligible; (ii) The prominent positive cooperativity between distinct channel ligands, such as the strong enhancement of pyrethroids effects by anti-insect selective scorpion depressant toxins. We possess a repertoire of insecticidal toxins and sodium channel subtypes all available in recombinant form for mutagenesis followed by analysis of various pharmacological, electrophysiological, and structural methods. Our recent success to express Av3 provides for the first time a selective toxin for receptor site-3 on insect sodium channels. In parallel, our recent success to determine the structures and bioactive surfaces of insecticidal site-3 and site-4 toxins establishes a suitable system for elucidation of toxin-receptor interacting faces. This is corroborated by our recent identification of channel residues involved with these two receptor sites. Our specific aims in this proposal are to (i) Determine the bioactive surface of Av3 toward insect Na-channels; (ii) Identify channel residues involved in binding or activity of the insecticidal toxins Av3 and LqhaIT, which differ substantially in their potency on mammals; (iii) Illuminate channel residues involved in recognition by the anti-insect depressant toxins; (iv) Determine the face of interaction of both site-3 (Av3) and site-4 (LqhIT2) toxins with insect sodium channels using thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis; and, (v) Examine whether Av3, LqhIT2, pyrethroids, and indoxacarb (belongs to a new generation of insecticides), enhance allosterically the action of one another on the fruit fly and cockroach paraNa-channels and on their kdr and super-kdr mutants. This research establishes the grounds for rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health, and offers a new approach in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increases insecticidal action and reduces risks of resistance buildup.
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Foster, Rosemary. High Sensitivity SELDI Analysis of NFI Interactions in Mammals, Drosophila, and Yeast. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411469.

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Blakely, Collin M. Interactions Between C-Myc and Development in Mammary Carcinogenesis. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426178.

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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.

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Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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9

Barash, Itamar, J. Mina Bissell, Alexander Faerman, and Moshe Shani. Modification of Milk Composition via Transgenesis: The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Regulating Transgene Expression. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570558.bard.

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Altering milk composition via transgenesis depends on three main factors. (1) The availability of an efficient regulatory sequences for targeting transgene(s) to the mammary gland; (2) a reliable in vitro model to test the expression of transgenes prior to their introduction to the animal genome; and (3) better understanding of the major factors which determine the rate of gene expression and protein synthesis. The current studies provide the necessary means and knowledge to alter milk protein composition via transgenesis. The following specific goals were achieved: a: Identifying regulatory regions in the b-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene and the cross-talk between elements which enabled us to construct an efficient vector for the expression of desirable cDNA's in the mammary gland. b: The establishment of a sheep mammary cell line that serves as a model for the analysis of endogenous and exogenous milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland of livestock. c: An accurate comparison of the potency of the 5' regulatory sequences from the BLG and whey acidic protein (WAP) promoters in directing the expression of human serum albumin (HSA) to the mammary gland in vitro and in vivo. In this study we have also shown that sequences within the coding region may determine a specific pattern of expression for the transgene, distinct from that of the native milk protein genes. d: Characterizing the dominant role of ECM in transgene expression in mammary epithelial cells. e: Further characterization of the BCE-1 enhancer element in the promoter of the b-casein gene as a binding site for the c/EBP-b and Stat5. Identifying its interaction with chromatin and its up regulation by inhibitors of histone deacetylation. f: Identifying a mechanism of translational control as a mediator for the synergistic effect of insulin and prolactin on protein synthesis in the mammary gland.
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10

Funkenstein, Bruria, and Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.

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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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