Academic literature on the topic 'Mammal sociality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mammal sociality"
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Haussmann, Natalie S. "Soil movement by burrowing mammals." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 1 (2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316662569.
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Mammal burrowing plays an important role in soil translocation and habitat creation in many environments. As a consequence, many burrowing mammals have at some point been studied in an ecosystem engineering context. From a geomorphological point of view, one of the focus areas of burrowing mammal research is on the amount of soil that is excavated and the rate at which this happens. As such, reviews exist on the volumes and rates of sediment removal by burrowing mammals in specific environments or for specific groups of species. Here, a standardised comparison of mammal burrowing across a broad range of burrowing mammal species and environments is provided, focussing on both burrow volume and excavation rate. Through an ISI Web of Science-based literature search, articles presenting estimates of burrow volumes and/or excavation rate were identified. Relationships between species body size and burrow volume/excavation rate were explored and the influence of sociality and method of burrow volume estimation were assessed. The results show that, although larger species construct larger burrows, it is the smaller species that remove more sediment per unit time at larger, site-level spatial scales. Burrow volume estimates are, however, independent of species sociality (solitary versus group-living) and method of burrow volume estimation (excavation-based versus mound-based). These results not only confirm previously established relationships between species body size and burrow volume, but, more importantly, they also add to this, by exploring larger scale impacts of burrowing mammals along a body size gradient.
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Vágási, Csongor I., Orsolya Vincze, Jean-François Lemaître, Péter L. Pap, Victor Ronget, and Jean-Michel Gaillard. "Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1823 (2021): 20190744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0744.
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Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senescence: (i) is widespread and occurs with similar frequency (about two-thirds) in birds and mammals; (ii) occurs later in life and is slower in birds than in similar-sized mammals; (iii) occurs later in life and is slower with an increasingly slower pace of life in both vertebrate classes; and (iv) is only weakly associated, if any, with the degree of sociality in both classes after accounting for the effect of body size and pace of life. However, when removing the effect of species differences in pace of life, a higher degree of sociality was associated with later and weaker reproductive senescence in females, which suggests that the degree of sociality is either indirectly related to reproductive senescence via the pace of life or simply a direct outcome of the pace of life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
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Blumstein, Daniel T., Dana M. Williams, Alexandra N. Lim, Svenja Kroeger, and Julien G. A. Martin. "Strong social relationships are associated with decreased longevity in a facultatively social mammal." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1871 (2018): 20171934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1934.
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Humans in strong social relationships are more likely to live longer because social relationships may buffer stressors and thus have protective effects. However, a shortcoming of human studies is that they often rely on self-reporting of these relationships. By contrast, observational studies of non-human animals permit detailed analyses of the specific nature of social relationships. Thus, discoveries that some social animals live longer and healthier lives if they are involved in social grooming, forage together or have more affiliative associates emphasizes the potential importance of social relationships on health and longevity. Previous studies have focused on the impact of social metrics on longevity in obligately social species. However, if sociality indeed has a key role in longevity, we might expect that affiliative relationships should also influence longevity in less social species. We focused on socially flexible yellow-bellied marmots ( Marmota flaviventer ) and asked whether female longevity covaries with the specific nature of social relationships. We quantified social relationships with social network statistics that were based on affiliative interactions, and then estimated the correlation between longevity and sociality using bivariate models. We found a significant negative phenotypic correlation between affiliative social relationship strength and longevity; marmots with greater degree, closeness and those with a greater negative average shortest path length died at younger ages. We conclude that sociality plays an important role in longevity, but how it does so may depend on whether a species is obligately or facultatively social.
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Lutermann, Heike, Nigel C. Bennett, John R. Speakman, and Michael Scantlebury. "Energetic Benefits of Sociality Offset the Costs of Parasitism in a Cooperative Mammal." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (2013): e57969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057969.
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Joly, Marine, and Elke Zimmermann. "Do solitary foraging nocturnal mammals plan their routes?" Biology Letters 7, no. 4 (2011): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0258.
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Large-brained diurnal mammals with complex social systems are known to plan where and how to reach a resource, as shown by a systematic movement pattern analysis. We examined for the first time large-scale movement patterns of a solitary-ranging and small-brained mammal, the mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ), by using the change-point test and a heuristic random travel model to get insight into foraging strategies and potential route-planning abilities. Mouse lemurs are small nocturnal primates inhabiting the seasonal dry deciduous forest in Madagascar. During the lean season with limited food availability, these lemurs rely on few stationary food resources. We radio-tracked seven lemurs and analysed their foraging patterns. First change-points coincided with out-of-sight keystone food resources. Travel paths were more efficient in detecting these resources than a heuristic random travel model within limits of estimated detection distance. Findings suggest that even nocturnal, solitary-ranging mammals with small brains plan their route to an out-of-sight target. Thus, similar ecological pressures may lead to comparable spatial cognitive skills irrespective of the degree of sociality or relative brain size.
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Jacquier, Mickaël, Jean-Michel Vandel, François Léger, et al. "Population genetic structures at multiple spatial scales: importance of social groups in European badgers." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (2020): 1380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa090.
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Abstract Population viability and metapopulation dynamics are strongly affected by gene flow. Identifying ecological correlates of genetic structure and gene flow in wild populations is therefore a major issue both in evolutionary ecology and species management. Studying the genetic structure of populations also enables identification of the spatial scale at which most gene flow occurs, hence the scale of the functional connectivity, which is of paramount importance for species ecology. In this study, we examined the genetic structure of a social, continuously distributed mammal, the European badger (Meles meles), both at large spatial scales (among populations) and fine (within populations) spatial scales. The study was carried out in 11 sites across France utilizing a noninvasive hair trapping protocol at 206 monitored setts. We identified 264 badgers genotyped at 24 microsatellite DNA loci. At the large scale, we observed high and significant genetic differentiation among populations (global Fst = 0.139; range of pairwise Fst [0.046–0.231]) that was not related to the geographic distance among sites, suggesting few large-scale dispersal events. Within populations, we detected a threshold value below which badgers were genetically close (< 400 m), highlighting that sociality is the major structuring process within badger populations at the fine scale.
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Kalbitzer, Urs, Mackenzie L. Bergstrom, Sarah D. Carnegie, et al. "Female sociality and sexual conflict shape offspring survival in a Neotropical primate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608625114.
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Most mammals live in social groups in which members form differentiated social relationships. Individuals may vary in their degree of sociality, and this variation can be associated with differential fitness. In some species, for example, female sociality has a positive effect on infant survival. However, investigations of such cases are still rare, and no previous study has considered how male infanticide might constrain effects of female sociality on infant survival. Infanticide is part of the male reproductive strategy in many mammals, and it has the potential to override, or even reverse, effects of female reproductive strategies, including sociality. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between female sociality, offspring survival, and infanticide risk in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys using long-term data from Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Female capuchins formed differentiated bonds, and bond strength was predicted by kin relationship, rank difference, and the presence of female infants. Most females formed stable bonds with their top social partners, although bond stability varied considerably. Offspring of highly social females, who were often high-ranking females, exhibited higher survivorship during stable periods compared with offspring of less social females. However, offspring of highly social females were more likely to die or disappear during periods of alpha male replacements, probably because new alpha males are central to the group, and therefore more likely to target the infants of highly social, central females. This study shows that female sociality in mammals can have negative fitness consequences that are imposed by male behavior.
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Romero, Teresa, Kenji Onishi, and Toshikazu Hasegawa. "The role of oxytocin on peaceful associations and sociality in mammals." Behaviour 153, no. 9-11 (2016): 1053–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003358.
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There is currently substantial evidence indicating that oxytocin, a hypothalamus neuropeptide, modulates many forms of social behaviour and cognition in both human and non-human animals. The vast majority of animal research, however, has concentrated on maternal attachment and reproductive pair-bonds. In order to understand the neurochemical foundations of peaceful associations and sociality, oxytocin’s contribution to other types of social bonds, as well as to individual variation in sociality, should also be explored. Here, we summarise the most current studies that have investigated oxytocin’s role in regulating stable peaceful associations not directly related to mating. We also provide an overview on oxytocin’s role in support of specific social structures, and propose a novel research approach to evaluate the relationship between individual variation in social tendencies and variation in the oxytociergic system. We conclude by discussing avenues of future investigation in the biological substrates of sociality.
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Kutsukake, Nobuyuki. "Complexity, dynamics and diversity of sociality in group-living mammals." Ecological Research 24, no. 3 (2008): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0563-4.
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Silk, Joan B. "The adaptive value of sociality in mammalian groups." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1480 (2007): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1994.
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According to behavioural ecology theory, sociality evolves when the net benefits of close association with conspecifics exceed the costs. The nature and relative magnitude of the benefits and costs of sociality are expected to vary across species and habitats. When sociality is favoured, animals may form groups that range from small pair-bonded units to huge aggregations. The size and composition of social groups have diverse effects on morphology and behaviour, ranging from the extent of sexual dimorphism to brain size, and the structure of social relationships. This general argument implies that sociality has fitness consequences for individuals. However, for most mammalian species, especially long-lived animals like primates, there are sizable gaps in the chain of evidence that links sociality and social bonds to fitness outcomes. These gaps reflect the difficulty of quantifying the cumulative effects of behavioural interactions on fitness and the lack of information about the nature of social relationships among individuals in most taxa. Here, I review what is known about the reproductive consequences of sociality for mammals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammal sociality"
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Thorley, Jack. "The life history of Damaraland mole-rats, Fukomys damarensis : growth, ageing and behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284920.
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The social mole-rats have often been typecast as extreme examples of mammalian sociality. With their pronounced reproductive skew, status-related contrasts in lifespan and morphology, and the suggestion of a division of labour amongst helpers, mole-rat societies have repeatedly been likened to the structurally complex societies of some eusocial insects. However, because few studies of mole-rats have quantified individual variation in growth and behaviour across long periods of development, it has remained unclear the extent to which mole-rat societies, and the features of individuals within them, should be considered unique amongst social vertebrates. In this thesis, I examine life history variation in Damaraland mole-rats Fukomys damarensis from three perspectives- growth, behaviour, and ageing- to explore how individual developmental trajectories contribute to, and are influenced by, the structure of mole-rat societies. First, I use a large longitudinal dataset to test for the presence of behavioural specialisation in non-breeding mole-rat helpers. I find no indication of individual specialisation in cooperative activities. Instead, individual differences in helping behaviour are largely the result of age-related changes in the extent to which individuals commit to all forms of helping (Chapter 3); refuting the notion of helper castes. I then focus on the variation in growth across non-breeders, developing a novel biphasic model to accurately quantify sex differences in growth and explore the influence of social effects on growth trajectories (Chapter 4). Despite the proposition of intense intrasexual competition in mole-rat societies, there was no clear signature of sex-specific competition on helper growth trajectories. A more conspicuous form of socially-mediated growth in mole-rats is the secondary growth spurt displayed by females that have acquired the dominant breeding position, causing them to become larger and more elongated. By experimentally controlling reproduction in age-matched siblings, I show that rather than being stimulated by the removal from reproductive suppression, this adaptive morphological divergence is achieved through a lengthening of the lumbar vertebrae when breeding is commenced (Chapter 5). With contrasts in size and shape following the acquisition of the breeding role, this status-related growth pattern shares similarities with growth in naked mole-rats and other social vertebrates. Breeders also show a twofold greater lifespan than non-breeders in Fukomys mole-rats, prompting the suggestion that the transition to dominance also sets individuals onto a slower ageing trajectory. To date, there is little evidence to support a physiological basis to lifespan extension in breeders. This assertion is bolstered by the absence of longer telomeres or slower rates of telomere attrition in breeding females compared to non-breeding females residing in groups (Chapter 6), each of which might be expected if breeders age more slowly. I argue that previous studies exploring status-related ageing in captive Fukomys mole-rats have overlooked the importance of demographic processes (and associated behavioural influences) on mortality schedules. Irrespective of the proximate basis of the longer lifespan of breeders, at an interspecific level the social mole-rats are unusually long-lived for their size. A recent large-scale comparative analysis concluded that prolonged lifespan is a general characteristic of all mammalian cooperative breeders, but this conclusion is premature, as in most of the major clades containing both cooperative and non-cooperative species there is no consistent trend towards lifespan extension in cooperative species (Chapter 7). In the case of mole-rats, it seems more likely that their exceptional longevity arises principally from their subterranean habits and related reductions in extrinsic mortality. Overall, these findings demonstrate that cooperative breeding has important consequences for individual life histories, but there is no strong basis for the claim that Damaraland mole-rat societies are markedly different in form than other cooperative breeding societies.
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Pollard, Kimberly Anne. "Causes and consequences of sociality time allocation, individuality, and the evolution of group size in mammals /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2024769961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hansson, Ingrid, and Mikaela Lundgren. "Mamma, mamma, barn : En kritisk granskning av mediernas rapportering om homosexuella föräldrar." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8501.
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<p>Homosexuellas rättigheter i samhället är ett omdebatterat ämne och en viktig rättighetsfråga av relevans för socialt arbete. Denna studie syftar till att genom narrativ analys undersöka hur svenska textmedier rapporterar om homosexuella föräldrar. Studien bygger på artiklar rörande homosexuella föräldrar i svensk dagspress. Frågorna som studien fokuserar på är; Hur ser mediernas framställning av homosexuella föräldrar ut? Vilka ges möjlighet att uttala sig i rapporteringen vi studerat? Hur upplever homosexuella föräldrar, i mediernas rapportering, kontakten med människovårdande yrken? I studien framträder bland annat tre olika aktörer, som ges möjlighet att uttrycka sig i medierna när det rör homosexuella föräldrar, där den politiska och religiösa debatten är den som får störst utrymme.</p>
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Egerö, Marie-Anne. "Mamma, barn och Subutex." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-969.
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<p>Det här är en studie om fem kvinnor som innan de blev gravida haft ett opiatmissbruk under flera år och som nu underhållsbehandlas med det syntetiska opiatpreparatet Subutex. Studiens empiriska underlag utgörs dels av intervjuer med de fem kvinnorna, dels av intervjuer med fyra professionella aktörer inom missbruks- och barnavårdsområdet. Intervjuerna med kvinnorna spänner över deras totala livssituation, deras historia och hur de ser på framtiden – medan de fyra professionella delar med sig av sina erfarenheter av underhållsbehandling med Subutex ihop med inträdandet i föräldrarollen.</p><p>Med Subutex slipper de intervjuade kvinnorna den nedbrytande jakten på heroin och får uppleva en relativt snabb kroppslig återhämtning. Att dessa faktorer underlättar vid graviditet var något behandlarna inte tänkte på till en början. Således fanns ingen uttalad beredskap för situationen när det började födas Subutexexponerade barn ungefär ett och ett halvt år efter den svenska lanseringen av Subutex hösten 1999. Idag är barnen omkring 40 till antalet och majoriteten av dem har fötts på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge.</p><p>Vid lanseringen presenterades preparatet – vars aktiva substans är buprenorfin – som ett alternativ till metadon. Men det beskrevs som något som var mildare, som inte påverkade lika mycket. Samtidigt var det rejält omdiskuterat. Medan förespråkarna såg medicinering med Subutex som en möjlighet för opiatmissbrukaren att orka ta tag i sina problem och bearbeta dem såg motståndarna något annat, en drog som dämpade symtomen så att locket lades på problemen och därför fanns kvar. Och detta är en diskussion som fortfarande pågår. Som exempel vägrar de flesta av våra behandlingshem att komplettera sin behandling med Subutex med argumentet att en drog inte ska ersättas av en annan. Att regelverket kring förskrivningen har stramats upp tycks inte ha påverkat ställningstagandet. Tidigare kunde vilken läkare som helst förskriva preparatet medan förskrivningen numera omges av Socialstyrelsens föreskrifter och allmänna råd gällande ”läkemedelsassisterad underhållsbehandling vid opiatberoende” (SOSFS 2004:8). Något av det som reglerats är att den behandlande läkaren ska vara insatt i missbruk och att sjukvården måste samarbeta med socialtjänsten.</p><p>En återkommande beskrivning kring barnafödslarna är att graviditeten inträffat någon eller några månader efter inledd Subutexunderhållsbehandling och att den varit oväntad. Här finns förmodligen flera förklaringar. En kan vara att mamman burit en bild av sig själv som en kvinna som inte kan bli mamma. Under aktivt opiatmissbruk har hon kanske bara haft ägglossning och menstruation någon enstaka gång – eller inte haft det alls. Hon har inte kopplat missbruket till barn och föräldraskap. När hon sedan kort efter inledd Subutex-underhållsbehandling återfått sina normala livsfunktioner, som förmågan att bli gravid, kan det ha skett innan hon själv förstått det. Komplikationen då är att hon parallellt med inträdandet i föräldrarollen är en kvinna med en oklar kvinnoidentitet och en obearbetad historia.</p>
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Duboscq, Julie. "Nouvelles perspectives sur la tolérance sociale à travers l'étude des femelles macaque à crête, Macaca nigra, dans leur milieu naturel." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023197.
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La socialité diverse des femelles primates reflète une combinaison de stratégies compétitives et coopératives. Différentes théories expliquent cette diversité. Les macaques sont un bon exemple de variation sociale. L'objectif de ma thèse est d'approfondir la connaissance des sociétés de macaques par l'étude d'une espèce peu connue, les macaques à crête, Macaca nigra, dans son milieu naturel, la réserve de Tangkoko à Sulawesi, Indonésie. 2600 heures de données comportementales ont été prises sur 42 femelles adultes d'Octobre 2008 à Juin 2010. En combinant une analyse compréhensive des variables comportementales, je confirme le style social tolérant des femelles. En examinant la fonction des interactions post-agression par l'analyse des liens entre agression, anxiété, caractéristiques des conflits et de celles des dyades impliquées et les interactions post-agression, je détermine que celles-ci ne servent pas à réduire l'anxiété ou à "raccommoder" les relations sociales mais fonctionnent plutôt pour signaler l'intention pacifique ou pour réaffirmer le statut social. En étudiant l'influence des relations de dominance et de parenté sur les interactions sociales, je détermine que la force des liens sociaux n'est pas forcement liée a la dominance ou la parenté et que les coalitions sont formées entre femelles proches en dominance, mais pas entre apparentées ou proches affiliées. Ces résultats contrastent avec d'autres sociétés animales et mettent en évidence la complexité des sociétés tolérantes. Ma thèse apporte de nouvelles bases empiriques sur la variation sociale dans une perspective comparative et apporte un nouveau cadre théorique sur l'évolution des sociétés animales.
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Pihl, Sandra. "Pappa, mamma, barn och psykisk hälsa : Socialt stöd från föräldrar i relation till psykisk hälsa." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77184.
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Mot bakgrund av socialisationsprocessen och de rådande genusnormerna som verkar inom denna, ämnar den här studien undersöka huruvida sambandet mellan socialt stöd och psykisk hälsa bland barn och unga varierar enligt könskompositioner mellan föräldrar och barn. Ytterligare ett syfte är att studera om ovanstående samband skiljer sig mellan äldre och yngre barn. Uppsatsen är kvantitativ och studiens analyser baseras på empirisk data från Barn-LNU och Barn-ULF (2000-2001). Analyserna genomförs med linjär regression med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS (n=1,964). Resultatet visar att det finns ett samband mellan socialt stöd från föräldrar och psykisk hälsa bland barn och ungdomar i åldrarna 10-18 år. Detta gäller dock inte alla aspekter av socialt stöd. Resultatet visar vidare att den psykiska hälsan varierar enligt kön; pojkar har bättre psykisk hälsa än vad flickor har. Sambandet mellan socialt stöd och hälsa skiljer sig däremot inte åt mellan könen. Vidare tycks socialt stöd från pappan vara mer betydelsefullt för barnens psykiska hälsa än vad det sociala stödet från mamman är. Resultatet visar slutligen att psykisk hälsa varierar enligt ålder; yngre barn har bättre psykisk hälsa än vad äldre barn har. Det sociala stödet är här viktigare för äldre barns hälsa än vad de är för barn i de lägre åldrarna.
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Livaja, Emma. "”I mammas huvud är det nu bara svart och regnigt"." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24480.
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Inom vårt samhälle är stigmatisering av psykisk ohälsa stark och ämnet har länge sett som tabubelagt. Det har i sin tur gjort att en tystnad och en brist på kunskap av ämnet uppstått vilket kan skapa problem att samtala med barn om psykisk ohälsa. Denna studiens syfte har varit att få en bättre förståelse för hur psykisk ohälsa framställs i litteratur riktad till barn. Vidare har studien undersökt hur psykisk ohälsa skildras i böckerna samt även undersöka hur normer, avvikelse och stigma tas i uttryck. Studien bygger på nio stycken barnböcker skrivna på svenska vars målgrupp är barn i åldrarna 3–12 år. Böckerna har granskats och analyserats utifrån begreppen normer, avvikelse och stigma. Analysen visar på är att psykisk ohälsa framställs som något annorlunda och avvikande vilket tenderar att upprätthålla den generella bilden av fenomenet och reproducera stigmatiseringen kring det. Psykisk ohälsa skildras ofta som något som hindrar individen i det dagliga livet samt gör det svårt för dem att tillgodose barnets behov.<br>In our society, stigmatization of mental illness is strong and the subject has long been taboo. This, in turn, has caused a silence and a lack of knowledge of the subject, which can create problems talking to children about mental illness. The purpose of this study has been to gain a better understanding of how mental illness is presented in literature aimed at children. Furthermore, the study has investigated how mental illness is portrayed in the books and also examines how norms, deviations and stigma are expressed. The study is based on nine children's books written in Swedish whose target group is children aged 3–12. The books have been reviewed and analyzed on the basis of the concepts norms, deviation and stigma. The analysis shows that mental illness is presented as slightly different and deviant, which tends to maintain the general picture of the phenomenon and reproduce the stigma surrounding it. Mental illness is often portrayed as something that prevents the individual in their daily life and makes it difficult for them to meet the child's needs.
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Kesthely, Martha. "Jag vill att ni hämtar min mamma ... : villkor för familjearbete för ungdomar inom institutionsvården /." Stockholm : Pedagogiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1091.
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Öberg, Lina, and Elinoré Lindahl. "Mamma, mamma, barn : En studie med fokus på kvinnornas och familjerättssekreterarnas upplevelser av utredningsförfarandet kring faderskap och närståendeadoption i samkönad relation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-28060.
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ABSTRACT In the year 2003 and 2005, several legislative changes were made to same-sex couples advantage. Among other things, lesbian couples were given the right to be tested as adoptive parents and the possibility of assisted reproduction through the county councils. With such changes in law, society and family constellations are evolving today with more forms than the existing nuclear family. Similarly, the choice of approaches to forming a family in a same-sex relationship increases, two alternatives outside the county Council's assisted conception are; Insemination by clinic in another country or home insemination with private donated sperm. When insemination in same-sex relationship occurs at home or by clinic in another country, subsequent paternity investigations and Related adoption are required for the non-biological mother to be considered as legal parent, an investigation requested by the District Court and operated by Social Service in each municipality. With the possibility of same-sex couples to be tested as adoptive parents also follows expectations about the investigation procedure and its guidelines as a partner in the development. The aim of this study is to try to create a synthesized knowledge about the investigation process of paternity investigation and Related adoption, when it occurs in same-sex relationship. This by jointly trying to understand the experiences of women and Social workers ' in the investigation process and its content. The study is based on qualitative interviews with both women who have undergone the process and social secretaries who dealt with these cases. The result is a dominant shared experience of unclear guidelines where there is a demand for nuanced legislation and updated dossiers.<br>SAMMANFATTNING Under år 2003 och år 2005 gjordes flera lagförändringar till samkönade pars fördel. Bland annat fick lesbiska par rätt till att prövas som adoptivföräldrar och möjlighet till assisterad befruktning via landstingen. Med sådana lagändringar utvecklas samhället och familjekonstellationer idag har fler former än den ännu rådande kärnfamiljen. Likaså ökar valmöjligheterna av tillvägagångssätt för att bilda familj i en samkönad relation, två alternativ utanför landstingets assisterade befruktning är; insemination via utrikesklinik eller heminsemination med privat donerade spermier. När insemination i samkönad relation sker hemma eller på utrikesklinik krävs efterföljande faderskapsutredning och närståendeadoption för att den icke bärande mamman ska betraktas som juridisk förälder, en utredning som begärs av tingsrätten och som drivs av familjerätten i respektive kommun. Ju med samkönade pars rätt till att prövas som adoptivföräldrar följer också förväntningar kring utredningsförfarandet och dess riktlinjer som medpart i utvecklingen. Syftet med denna studie är att försöka skapa en syntetiserad kunskap kring utredningsförfarandet av faderskapsutredning och närståendeadoption, när det sker i samkönad relation. Detta genom att gemensamt försöka förstå kvinnors och familjerättssekreterares upplevelser av utredningsprocessen och dess innehåll. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med både kvinnor som genomgått processen och familjerättssekreterare som handlagt dessa ärenden. I resultatet framkommer en dominerande gemensam upplevelse av otydliga riktlinjer där det finns en efterfrågan om nyanserad lagstiftning och uppdaterade underlag.
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Salo, Pia, and Sussie Ekman. "Varför förstår inte mamma? : En kvalitativ studie om barn till föräldrar med utvecklingsstörning." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-437.
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<p>The aim with this study is to through a research summary review experiences of growth and the</p><p>parents caring ability among children who has grown up with parents having intellectual disabilites,</p><p>and by empirical data illustrate how these persons today describe their childhood, their parents</p><p>caring ability and other cicumstances that have affected the growth. The results from the research</p><p>summary are then to be compared with the results from the empirical data in purpose to review</p><p>similarities and discrepancies.</p><p>The study has a qualitative approach and it is based on foundings from earlier research and</p><p>interviews with four women whos mothers have intellectual disabilities.</p><p>In the existing research of this issue there is a clear dichotomy between whether the researchers</p><p>have focused on either the children or the parents. In both perspectives there are different</p><p>conceptions about whether a person with intellectual disabilities have the capacity to care for and</p><p>raise a child, as there is about how the parents intellectual disaparment affects the child.</p><p>The womens stories of the childhood are obviously unique, but they also have many experiences</p><p>in common, both among themselves as with what has been found in research. Children of parents</p><p>with intellectual disabilities have been classified as a risk group, wich has been shown by reversed</p><p>roles for child and parent, lack of attachment to the parents and by insufficient care. Despite the</p><p>difficulties that the women have faced, they describe many parts of their lives in positive terms</p><p>today.</p><p>There seems to be other influences in addition to the parents intellectual capacity that affect theese</p><p>childrens outcomes. The informal network has been pointed out as an important factor of how</p><p>theese families cope with their daily lives, both by other research and the women participating in</p><p>this study. Close contact to at least one other adult beside the biological parents is also considered</p><p>promotive, as well as higher education.</p><p>Key words: Intellectual disability, child, parenting, attachment, network, dichotomy.</p>
Books on the topic "Mammal sociality"
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1953-, Plana Tony, WGBH Video (Firm), Independent Television Service, Latino Public Broadcasting (Firm), and PBS Video, eds. The Longoria affair. PBS, 2010.
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Jones, Clara B. The Evolution of Mammalian Sociality in an Ecological Perspective. Springer, 2014.
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Carter, C. Sue, Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal, and Eric C. Porges. The Roots of Compassion. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.14.
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Compassion for others and social support have survival value and health benefits. Although compassion is sometimes considered uniquely human, critical components of compassion have been described in nonhuman mammals. Studies originally conducted in social mammals and now in humans have implicated neuropeptide hormones, especially oxytocin, in social cognition, a sense of safety, and the capacity of sociality to permit compassionate responses. In contrast, the related peptide vasopressin and its receptor may be necessary for forming selective relationships and for the apparently paradoxical effects of oxytocin, which can include increases in fear and avoidance. Oxytocin and vasopressin may contribute to sex differences in compassion. Furthermore, among the processes through which oxytocin and vasopressin influence behavior and health are complex effects on the autonomic nervous system. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of compassion offers new insights into the healing power of positive social behaviors and social support.
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Covington-Ward, Yolanda, and Jeanette S. Jouili, eds. Embodying Black Religions in Africa and Its Diasporas. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013112.
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The contributors to Embodying Black Religions in Africa and Its Diasporas investigate the complex intersections between the body, religious expression, and the construction and transformation of social relationships and political and economic power. Among other topics, the essays examine the dynamics of religious and racial identity among Brazilian Neo-Pentecostals; the significance of cloth coverings in Islamic practice in northern Nigeria; the ethics of socially engaged hip-hop lyrics by Black Muslim artists in Britain; ritual dance performances among Mama Tchamba devotees in Togo; and how Ifá practitioners from Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and the United States join together in a shared spiritual ethnicity. From possession and spirit-induced trembling to dance, the contributors outline how embodied religious practices are central to expressing and shaping interiority and spiritual lives, national and ethnic belonging, ways of knowing and techniques of healing, and sexual and gender politics. In this way, the body is a crucial site of religiously motivated social action for people of African descent. Contributors. Rachel Cantave, Youssef Carter, N. Fadeke Castor, Yolanda Covington-Ward, Casey Golomski, Elyan Jeanine Hill, Nathanael J. Homewood, Jeanette S. Jouili, Bertin M. Louis Jr., Camee Maddox-Wingfield, Aaron Montoya, Jacob K. Olupona, Elisha P. Renne
Book chapters on the topic "Mammal sociality"
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Atwood, Todd C. "Implications of Rapid Environmental Change for Polar Bear Behavior and Sociality." In Marine Mammal Welfare. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_24.
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Jones, Clara B. "Higher “Grades” of Sociality in Class Mammalia: Primitive Eusociality." In SpringerBriefs in Ecology. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03931-2_5.
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McDonald, Jenni L., Richard J. Delahay, and Robbie A. McDonald. "Bovine tuberculosis in badgers: sociality, infection and demography in a social mammal." In Wildlife Disease Ecology. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316479964.012.
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Dunbar, Robin. "Evolution of Sociality." In Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190922894.003.0009.
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Why do some animals live in groups? The ancestral mammals were small (we can tell that from their fossils) and almost certainly solitary (as suggested by reconstructing their likely behavior from the social arrangements of living species using statistical analyses that take species evolutionary...
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Lacey, Eileen A., and Paul W. Sherman. "Cooperative Breeding in Naked Mole-Rats: Implications for Vertebrate and Invertebrate Sociality." In Cooperative Breeding in Mammals. Cambridge University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511574634.011.
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Lee, P. C. "Lactation, condition and sociality: constraints on fertility of non-human mammals." In Variability in Human Fertility. Cambridge University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511600470.003.
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Hovland, Ceri. "Embracing the embarrassment: Mamma Mia! and the pleasures of socially unrestrained performance." In Mamma Mia! The Movie. I.B.Tauris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755698684.ch-007.
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"13. The Cross Is Bending: The Socialist Jeremiad and the Covenant Theology." In The Enchantments of Mammon. Harvard University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674242760-018.
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Molobye, Kamogelo. "What Role can Physical Theatre Play in Reimagining Democracy in South Africa?" In Theatre and Democracy: Building Democracy in Post-war and Post-democratic Contexts. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.135.ch06.
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Mamela Nyamza’s body of work is an act of performance activism that reflects and speaks back to society, making critical commentary on the slippages, gaps and moments of silencing that persist in post-apartheid democratic South Africa. This paper makes use of Mamela Nyamza’s 19-Born-76-Rebels (2014) and Pest Control (2020) as key physical theatre case studies that provide images of recalling and remembering in order to (re)build and (re)imagine democracy in South Africa. The paper, through employing Nyamza’s productions, discusses the ways in which physical theatre engages with the consolidation of democracy through dealing with complex questions about philosophies of identity, representation and expression – that are perceived politically, socially, culturally and economically in South Africa.
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Waselkov, Gregory A., and J. Lynn Funkhouser. "Bear-Human Relationships in Native Eastern North America." In Bears. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401384.003.0013.
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This volume’s case studies recognize the black bear (Ursus americanus) to be among the most socially consequent of species in Native Eastern North America, despite meager remains at many archaeological sites. Indeed, that sparseness offers valuable evidence for the social roles long played by bears. Ethnohistorical sources suggest bear population densities in some habitats were greater than seen today in Eastern North America. Most archaeological assemblages of bear skeletal remains have skull parts and foot bones but lack most other postcranial elements, often reflecting ritual off-site discard of post-cranial remains and feasting on head and feet. Differences in quantities of bear remains, their relative proportions to other mammals, and differing representations of various parts of the bear skeleton are sensitive indicators of a society’s relationship with black bears. We apply precepts of the new animism, or the ontological turn, to animate the zooarchaeology of bears in Eastern North America.
Conference papers on the topic "Mammal sociality"
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Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena A., Fabia O. Andrade, Allison Sumis, et al. "Abstract 1027: Autophagy as a mediator of increased mammary cancer risk in socially isolated mice." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1027.
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